Sustainable Transportation Guidelines for Nature-Based Tour Operators
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Transcript of Sustainable Transportation Guidelines for Nature-Based Tour Operators
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Sustainable TransportationGuidelines
for Nature-based Tour Operators
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Energy-saving light bulbs
... are a good start ...
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
... but the real issue ...
... for sustainable tourism is this !
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Structure of this presentation
1. Background: Why focus on transportation ?
2. Principles of sustainable transportation
3. Implementation (case studies)
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Why focus on transportation?
Source: Scott et al.2007
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Why focus on transportation?
Climate impact of aviation may be much biggerdue to high-altitude and non-CO2 greenhouse gases
Long-haul tourism: > 90% of trip emissions transport-related(DE); Seychelles: 97%
Worldwide, holiday trips have become more frequent, shorter and to more distant destinations
Modal shift increasingly from ground (public) transportto air transport
Individual energy balances: frequent flying is part of an extremely unsustainable lifestyle
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Unfortunately, ecotourism is no exception
same planes ...
Remote destinations ...
Multiple-site trips ...
motorized on-site activities(whale watching, helicopter flights!) ...
NZ: Nature-based tourism more energy-intensive thanmainstream beach resort tourism !
Ecotourism cannot be truly sustainablewithout solving this problem!
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Mitigation strategies
1. Technological (energy efficiency, renewables)
2. Logistics (airport, flight management, etc.)
3. Modal shift (increase share of public/ground transport)
4. Climate-friendly travel behavior, products
5. Carbon-offsetting
6. Government regulation (fuel taxes, emissions trading, etc.)
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
1. Travel less frequently, but stay longer in far awaydestinations !
2. Prefer nearby destinations if you have little time !
3. Relax - do not squeeze too many sites into one trip !
4. Use environmentally friendly modes of transportationwherever possible !
5. Stay in shape through muscle-powered mobility !
6. Compensate for your emissions, if you cannot avoid them, by paying into certified offset projects !
Travelling with the Climate in Mind
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Why focus on tour operators ?
TOs design and market trips
TOs choose destinations
TOs select and contract suppliers
TOs function as a link between suppliers and customers
TOs can educate/influence travellersby offering them climate-friendly packages
TOs can favorably position themselves to cater
to the climate-conscious consumer
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Sustainable Transportation Guidelines- Framework -
TFSTI
NBEA
EANB
NBEA
Localtransport
EUREUREURNational transport
CANAECOTFFARFARInt‘ltransport
Coopera-tion with
destination
Internalmanage-
ment
SupplyChain Ma-nagement
Customerrelations
Productdevelop-
ment
Overall: Introduce a carbon-management system !
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Sustainable Transportation Guidelines- The hardcore solution -
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Sustainable Transportation Guidelines- Product development -
Exclude short trips by plane if reasonably possible
Offer environmentally-friendly means of transport as part of the experience (esp. trains)
Conceive long-haul trips with extended length of stay
Spend more quality time at selected sites (sense of place)
Minimize local transport and energy-intensive leisureactivities; advertize non-motorized mobility as part of theexperience
Compensate remaining emissions through high-quality, certified offset projects
Integrate costs into price of carbon-neutral trip options
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Sustainable Transportation Guidelines- Customer relations -
Inform/educate customers about climate change, how theycontribute to it by traveling and how they can mitigate their impact
Calculate climate footprint of trips (GHG emission per day) and include it in trip information
Specially promote climate-friendly travel products(lighthouse projects)
Make longer trips more attractive by advertizing trip price per day
Inform customers about carbon-offsetting
(if not included in trip price) Integrate voluntary payment intobooking procedure and/or match customers‘ payments
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Carbon-offsetting as indulgencies
Source: Mike Lester, The Rome News-Tribune.com (27 March, 2007) online at: www.caglecartoons.com
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Needed : A single sustainability label for
carbon-offset providers !
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Sustainability Standards for Carbon-offsets
1. Adequate calculation of emissions (RFI etc.)
2. Adequate compensation projects(additionality, permanence)
3. Standardized certification/verification
4. Customer education Energy reduction beforeoffsetting !
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Ecotourism Survey results (2007)
Website analysis (N=248): 15% mentionsustainable transport activities
Survey (N=67): High general awarenessof climate change, but often lackof specific knowledge
Outbound TOs: carbon-offsetting(no modal shift, no modified travel patterns)
Inbound TOs focus on local transportation: technological improvements; minimization of travel
Barriers: lack of knowledge, higher costs, customer acceptancequestionnable, supply constraints
ATTA
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
no flights below the 700 km range
min. of 7 days for any plane trip
min. of 14 days for plane trips > 2.000 km
Compensation of flight emissions through cooperationwith atmosfair (Gold Standard carbon-offsets)
Exclusion of motorizedleisure activities
Introducing CSR reportingto curb growing incidenceof non-compliance
(Association of German special-interest operators)
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Modal shift: The case of Avanti Bus Travel
Bus trips to Southern Europe (typical flight destinations)
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
How far one gets with one ton of CO2 ...
Reisebus31250 km
Bahn19231 km
PKW6944 km
Flugzeug2525 km
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
km Fahrleistung bei einer Tonne CO2 Klimawirkung
Source: Fed. Environmental Agency 2007
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
“Carbon-audited“ office operationsModal shift as part of trip design(public transit, traditional local transport)
All flight emissions of staff & customers(if purchased through Intrepid AUS) are being compensatedCompensation through high-qualityoffset projects
Customers appreciate & supportIntrepid taking action
Photos: N. Blackett, Intrepid UK
ESTC Vancouver Dr. Wolfgang Strasdas Oct.18, 2008
Sustainable Tourism Management
Thank you for your
sustained attention !