SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment...
Transcript of SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment...
![Page 1: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOREnvironment Management
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)
Waste Management Innovation: Towards a Green, Inclusive, Circular Economy, 17-18th April, 2017
![Page 2: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Points of Discussion…..
• Waste Water and Municipal Solid Waste
• Status and Direction
• What is being done and can be done?
• Sustainability Parameters
![Page 3: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Wastewater Issues…• About 68000 MLD of wastewater is
generated in urban India comprising Class I and Class II cities.
• Maharashtra generates about 7000 MLD excluding rural areas
• Only about 30% gets treated across the country.
• Treatment level available in cities with existing treatment plant varies from 2.5 % to 89 % of the sewage generated.
![Page 4: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why This Status ?
• CSIR NEERI and CPCB studies between 2002-2015 show:– Most STPs do not function as 24x7 power is not
available across India [ More so in smaller cities]– Funds of O&M are negligible or Not given on time– Trained manpower to run these STPs not available– Funds…………..!!
• Water and Sewage Services not linked
![Page 5: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Waste water from Housing Sector
• About 80 % of water supply ends as wastewater
• Large areas of marine and fresh water bodies impacted by these discharges
• Collection a major challenge
• Treatment and disposal another major issue
![Page 6: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Name STP Installed Capacity (In MLD) TreatmentColaba 41 Preliminary + OutfallWorli 757 Preliminary + OutfallBandra 797 Preliminary + OutfallVersova 131 Aerated LagoonMalad 240 Preliminary Bhandup 180 Aerated LagoonGhatkopar 138 Aerated LagoonTotal 2284
Name STP Installed Capacity (In MLD) Treatment
Thane 54Treated (not all
Sewage)
Kalyan-Dombivali 30 No Treatment
Bhivandi-Nizampur 17 Preliminary
Navi Mumbai 184.65 (Currently 167 MLD Used) Treated
Ulhasnagar 28 No Treatment
Ambernath 28 No Treatment
Total 341
Details of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
![Page 7: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sewage Status 2016
0%20%40%60%80%
100%120%
Total Sew
age
In Sewers
To WwTW
Treated
Compliant
BalanceCollected
The current planned improvement by MCGM will change this scenario in next 3-5 years
![Page 10: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What if there is no power?What if there are no trained manpower?What if there are no O&M funds available?
Can we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant?Can a gardener understand Sewage Treatment?Can it be part of Aesthetics?Can I use this water ???
Looking at the waste water treatment methods being used currently, We asked Some Questions
![Page 11: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Role of plants and microbes: Nature Work
![Page 12: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Suspended Solids Sedimentation/Filtration
• BOD Microbial degradation (aerobic, anaerobic)Sedimentation
• Nitrogen Ammonification, nitrification, denitrificationPlant uptake, Ammonia volatilization if pH
• Phosphorus Adsorption-precipitation reactionswith Fe, Al, Ca) Plant uptake
Removal Mechanisms
![Page 13: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Slope 1:100Horizontal and Vertical Movement of wastewater
PreTreatme
nt Zone
Meta Wire Mesh
Cross Sectional View
Emergent Microphyte sub-surface wetland System
![Page 14: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
OnWorld Environment Day
5th June, 2006at
Kalina CampusMumbai University
PHYTORID based First Plant was set up and inaugurated in 2006
![Page 15: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Nutsedge
Canna Cattails
Wetland Plants
![Page 16: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Beginning of Pay Off [ Industries waking up First
Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. Igatpuri, 60 CMD
![Page 17: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Later………..Siemens Ltd. Kalwa Works, 500 CMD
![Page 18: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Economics Made Sense to Industries : Bharat Forge, Baramati 100 CMD
![Page 19: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Designed for treatment domestic wastewater i.e. grey and black waterDesigned to treat the flow of 125 CMD.
Treated water is reuse for gardening and irrigation and curing purpose.
Vrundavan Gardens Co-Op. Hosing Society, Ponda, Goa.
Generate 90,000 ltr wastewater /day, plant is having capacity of 120 CMD
HOUSING SOCIETIES
EIFFEL CITY BY EIFFEL DEVELOPER, CHAKAN, PUNE
And Then Housing sector……..
![Page 20: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Water Bodies - Current Status
About 83 in Delhi, 200 In Punjab, 250 in Karnataka and in many states, water bodies are in disused condition and need rejuvenation
![Page 21: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Typical Lake with Natural Drainage Pattern
![Page 22: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Lake with Peripheral Wetland Ecosystem
![Page 23: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Shahadara Lake Rejuvenation Project
Sewage Water treated by the “Phytorid Technology” based on constructed wetland
FLORAFT and Natural Motes will be used for Rejuvenating the lake in the Shahadara locality of East Delhi
![Page 24: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Floating Wetland Ecosystem for Lakes
![Page 25: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Floating Treatment FLORAFTERfor Nutrient Removal
Thane , 3 lakes
![Page 26: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Nabi Lake
Lonar Lake
Phytorid Plant on Nabi Lake
Lake Area: 3 HaNatural Wetland System 500 KLD Plant
Treats entire Sewage from Lonar City
Lonar Lake (under threat), Maharashtra
![Page 27: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Anaerobic BioDigester (ABD) Technology
• Based on biological treatment with manygroups of anaerobic bacteria
• The anaerobic microorganismresponsible for the conversion of theorganic matter in gases
ADVANTAGESUsed in sewage, grey water treatment for:
Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement.
Dose not requires continuous operation.
User Friendly, very low running cost.
Can be reused for gardening, flushing, irrigation,
etc.
![Page 28: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Process Scheme
![Page 29: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
In-Situ System for Open Drains Treatment
![Page 30: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Use of Bio-culture into the polluted system merely optimises nature'sengineering. Bacteria degrades sludge and pollutants dissolved in thewater column, turns them into carbon dioxide, water and bacterialbiomass.
The introduction of mixture of anaerobic, facultative and micro-aerophilic organisms into the sludge layer loosens the upper layers ofthe sludge to hasten the bio-dredging of the sludge layer.
Bio-Mining-Dredging
![Page 31: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Large AreaHigh Pumping CostHigh Pipeline costFrequent breakdown of system
Compact SystemsNo or less Pumping CostMinimum Pipeline costEffective Maintenance
Wastewater Management
![Page 32: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Life cycle analysis of wastewater treatment systems• The treatment system should be• Economically viable, Environmentally Friendly, and
Sustainable.
Guidelines for life cycle analyses of wastewater treatment systems.• Pros and cons of the systems• Eg: Energy consumption, Residual pollution left over,
Environmental degradation, contribution to global warming etc..
Selection of Treatment Technologies
![Page 33: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Multiple Options of Sustainable Tech
• Low Cost and Low Energy– Phytorid– Floating wetland– Anaerobic Bio Digestor
• Low Cost and Medium Energy– Rotating Biological Contactor– Moving Bed BioFilm Reactor (MMBFR)
![Page 34: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Solid Waste Management Sustainability
![Page 35: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Areas of Concern and Need for Innovation
• MSW Rules 2016 needs segregation
• Technology for processing will be efficient if segregated…………
• Landfills overflowing: Its Reuse, New Places, Public Response, Health Issues……………
![Page 36: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
SWM Status Sr.No. Name of the Corporation Present Status of disposal sites
w.r.t. MSW (M&H) Rules, 2016
1 Mumbai Open Dumping/BLF
2 Bhiwandi-Nizampur Open Dumping
3 Kalyan-Dombivali Open Dumping
4 Mira-Bhayandar Processing ?. No Sanitary Lanfill
5 Navi Mumbai No Processing. Only Sanitary Landfill
6 Thane Open Dumping
7 Ulhasnagar Open Dumping
8 Ambernath Open Dumping
![Page 37: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Other Cities
Name of the ULBs Present Status of disposal sites w.r.t. MSW (M&H) Rules, 2000
Nalasopara
RLF for 4 ULBS under development
Navghar-Manikpur
Virar Vasai
Alibaug Open Dumping Karjat Open Dumping
Khopoli Open Dumping Panvel Open Dumping
Matheran Open Dumping + Processing Pen Open Dumping Uran Open Dumping
Kulgaon-Badlapur Open Dumping
CIDCO area Processing and Sanitary Landfill..?
![Page 38: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• Wide variation in the management of the municipalsolid waste amongst all cities in MMR
• As per the survey, solid waste generation in GreaterMumbai was found to be 515 g per capita, 501 g percapita for Rest of Corporations and 324 g per capita forMunicipal Councils.
Salient Status of SW Management
• Electronic Waste Still an Issue!!• MMRDA Plan for E waste• Informal sector E waste Collection
• Biomedical Waste Management is reasonably betterhandled• Smaller Hospital and clinics: Still a large gap• Processing and disposal in limited places• Financing pattern for such projects
![Page 39: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Projections in Municipal Waste Generation in MMR till 2051
Mun
icip
al S
olid
Was
te
Gen
erat
ion
(TPD
)Year 2009 2011 2021 2031 2041 2051
GM 6534 6863 7957 9081 10253 11455
RC 3058 4991 10238 15698 21373 27261
MC 523 656 912 1190 1496 1840
Total MMR 10864 13292 19996 26971 34226 41767
![Page 40: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Technologies for Waste Treatment
• Composting- Anaerobic Composting- Aerobic Composting- Vermicomposting
• Waste-to-Energy- Incineration- Pelletisation- Pyrolysis/Gasification- Bio-Methanation- Landfill Gas Recovery
![Page 41: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Composting (in Indian scenario)
Item Aerobic Composting Anaerobic Composting
Vermicomposting
Foul odour in process Yes Yes No
Quality of End Product Moderate Moderate to Good
Good to Excellent
Time for Composting 2-3 weeks 6-8 months (minimum)
6 months (minimum)
Use for production of gas (CH4)
No Yes (in controlled
environment)
No
Attracts rodents, pests, dogs, etc.
Yes No No
Need for Constant Monitoring
Low High Very High
Storage capacity of end product
Low Low High
Market demand Moderate Moderate High (for agriculture)
![Page 42: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Item Aerobic Composting Anaerobic Composting
Vermicomposting
Power requirements Yes (if mechanized) No Yes
Intensity of skilled labour requirement
Low Moderate High
Land requirement Low Moderate High
Quality of waste segregation
Moderate High Very high
Leachate pollution High High Low
Contamination of aquifers (large scale)
High Moderate to high
Low
Capital Investment Moderate Moderate High
O&M Costs Moderate Moderate High
Advantages and Disadvantages of Composting (in Indian scenario)…..
![Page 43: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Waste-to-Energy ( in Indian scenario)
Item Incineration Pelletisation Pyrolysis Bio-Methanation
Landfill Gas Recovery
Requirement for segregation
High Very High High High -
Energy recovery (in optimum conditions)
Around 14 times waste stream
Around 14 times waste stream
Around 14 times waste stream
Around 11 times waste stream
Around 11 times waste stream
Direct Energy Recovery
Yes No Yes No No
Overall efficiency in case of a small set up
Low Low Moderate High Low
Efficiency in case of high moisture
Very low Very low Low Moderate Moderate toHigh
Land requirement Low Low Moderate Low toModerate
High to veryhigh
Transportation costs Moderate High High High Very high (depends on location of landfill)
![Page 44: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Waste-to-Energy ( in Indian scenario)…
Item Incineration Pelletisation Pyrolysis Bio-Methanation
Landfill Gas Recovery
Ability to tackle bio-medical and low-hazard waste
Yes No Yes (to some extent)
No No
Concerns for toxicity of product
High NA NA NA Moderate toHigh
Leachate Pollution None None None High (in case of no protection layer)
High (Landfill)Low (SanitaryLandfill)
Concern for Atmospheric Pollution
High (not easy to control)
Moderate Moderate (easy to control)
Low Moderate
Sustainability of source/ waste stream
Moderate Low Low Low High
Capital Investment High Very High Very High Very High High
![Page 45: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Possible Options… for Sustainability………
• Centralised– Collection for overall MSW– Technology for WTE, composting or landfilling– State Level Authority: Institution
• Decentralised– Ragpickers organisation– Segregation planning and assessment– Technology use for composting: economics, space,
applicability : Validation– Institutional Support System Creation
![Page 46: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Major Pointers…….
• Encourage the local experience in these technologies as they are going to be here for long and stakes are much higher
• We must learn from some mega projects failure in India relating to MSW
• Doing and learning and learning and doing is what will help.
• Any other overseas agencies wanting to be partner in these projects:
• Need to know what wastes and variations• Stakes to be high enough to be there for long period• Waste processing costs have to be always kept low• Financial models of waste management of the advanced country not
applicable in India• Limited liability
![Page 47: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR Environment · PDF fileCan we stand near a Sewage Treatment Plant? ... Less Sludge Production and Space Requirement. ... Incineration - Pelletisation](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020302/5aa924a17f8b9a90188c70a9/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Email: [email protected] Ph:0712-2249999
022-24974607; Fax: 022-24936635
Dr. Rakesh KumarDirector
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute
Disclaimers: Some data and information collated from ULBs, may vary depending upon any recent changes and developments