Sustainable Seas an action plan Introduction...Sustainable Seas – an action plan Sustainable Seas...

Sustainable Seas – an action plan

Sustainable Seas action plan 24-07-14 rw draft 3.4 1

Introduction

A special place

The coasts and seas of Devon are a key part of the county's identity, as much as its

moors, farmland and wooded valleys that might immediately come to mind. Small,

secluded estuaries and inlets, high cliffs with strata buckled and folded over aeons,

sandy beaches backed by vast dune systems and rocky shores full of tidal pools; all

combine to make a picture of Devon that is familiar to hundreds of thousands of

people. Underwater, and out of sight, the variety continues. Rocky reefs rise out of

sandy plains; gravel beds mark the remnants of old river systems and nutrient-filled

expanses of mud provide the basis for rich ecosystems.

This variety of habitats is reflected in the richness of the county's marine wildlife.

From the smallest plankton to the largest basking shark and from the humblest

periwinkle to the most colourful and flamboyant sea slug; Devon's seas teem with

life. The special nature of Devon's marine environment is acknowledged in a

national and international context, with many areas protected under UK and EU

legislation.

Devon's coast and seas are important to people too. Throughout the summer,

seaside towns bustle with thousands of holiday makers, all setting out to enjoy the

special experience that is Devon's coast. Over 6 million visitors used the South

West Coast Path in 2011, contributing an estimated £388 million to the region’s

economy1. From earliest history we have fed ourselves from the sea, collecting

seafood from the shore and using simple fish traps. The means might be more

technological now, but fishing is still an important part of the economic and social

fabric of the county. And despite the high profile of air transport, 95% of all UK's

international trade comes by sea2, so Devon's ports will continue to be a central part

of the county’s transport infrastructure.

Box 1 provides an overview of some of the environmental, social and economic

assets associated with Devon’s coast and surrounding waters.



Box 1 – An overview of Devon’s Coastal and Marine Assets

Fading ecosystems

Much of what we value about Devon's seas, and even more value that we are

unaware of, is based on the 'goods and services' provided by marine ecosystems.

These are all of the benefits that arise from the sea's living systems and include

food, coastal protection and climate regulation (see Figure 1).

Marine ecosystems, and thus their ability to provide goods and services, are under

threat from a wide range of human activities, including:

• over-exploitation of resources,

• climate change and ocean acidification

Devon's Coastal and Marine Assets

Social

• Significant populations living in the coastal zone

• Hubs for disseminating knowledge (e.g. National Marine Aquarium and Living Coasts)

• International centres of learning (e.g. Plymouth and Exeter Universities, Plymouth Marine Laboratory and Marine Biological Association)

• Active local groups and alliances (e.g. Devon Maritime Forum, estuary forums, Coastwise North Devon and Sea Torbay)

Economic

• Valuable tourism industry

• Surfing and water sports

• Plymouth and Brixham, England’s most important fishing ports by weight and value

• Huge potential for renewable energy

Environmental

• Four MCZs already designated, three on the list for potential designation in 2015; 4 SACs and 1 SPA

• Northern Devon Biosphere Reserve, one of only two UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in England

• Jurassic Coast, UK’s only natural World Heritage Site

• Internationally renowned coastal landscapes and features



• destruction of habitat, and

• pollution.3

Historic studies from across the globe show significant declines in species and

habitats4 and closer to home there is evidence of seabed community change in the

past 100 years or so in the English Channel5.



Figure 1 – What has the marine environment ever done for us?*

* Image: Wales Environment Link



After assessing a range of human impacts on marine species, habitats and

ecosystems, a recent international marine science workshop concluded:

‘Unless action is taken now, the consequences of our activities are at a high risk of

causing, through the combined effects of climate change, overexploitation, pollution

and habitat loss, the next globally significant extinction event in the ocean.’6

One area where ecosystem and economic needs overlap is in the fishing industry.

There are many positive management measures being developed by regulators and

industry alike, and progress is being made in stock recovery:

‘The state of fish stocks in the North-East Atlantic and adjacent waters

continues to improve: overfished stocks have fallen, from 47% in 2012 to

39% in 2013.’7

But there is increasing evidence that current recovery is small in comparison with

historic fish stocks8 and simply preventing overfishing may not be enough:

‘In the current policy debate about rebuilding depleted fisheries and restoring

marine ecosystems, it is important to recognize that fisheries for key

commercial species like cod were far more productive in the past. As we

attempt to rebuild these fisheries, our decisions should reflect real and

realistic goals for management, not just recently observed catch levels.’9

Addressing some of the uncertainties about fishing and being more ambitious in our vision

for the future will have economic as well as environmental benefits.

The sum of all these changes is a growing concern for the future provision of goods and

services by marine ecosystems, as described in the recent UK National Ecosystem

Assessment:

‘Hthe delivery of many of these provisioning and regulating services in the

Marine environment are declining because of heavy exploitationH’10

It is clear that action is needed to halt and reverse declines in the health of marine

habitats and species in order to maintain and restore the many benefits that marine

ecosystems provides.

Devon Local Nature Partnership – Sustainable Seas

In summary, Devon’s seas are:



• Special in national and international terms

• Important in terms of the social and economic benefits they provide

• Under threat from human activities

In addition, we need to know more about them, especially the links between the

health of marine species and habitats and the goods and services that the marine

environment provides human society.

As a result, the Devon Local Nature Partnership (LNP) has identified 'Sustainable

Seas' as one of its seven priority themes. Our vision is:

Devon's world-class coast and marine environment is wisely used and provides a sustainable living for local fishing communities, a home for an impressive variety of wildlife and an attraction to millions of visitors and residents.11

This Action Plan identifies ways in which progress can be made in achieving this

vision including:

• opportunities for working better together

• priorities for future project funding

• opportunities for investment by economic partners

as well as putting forward some ideas for 'quick wins', a small number of initiatives

that can be put in place relatively easily.

What the plan will cover

Devon LNP themes

While focussing on the delivery of the Sustainable Seas vision, the action plan will

also take account of, and feed into, other Devon LNP priority themes, especially:

• Naturally Healthy

• Outdoor Learning

• Resilient Wetlands

Links to the delivery of other themes will be developed and maintained through the

Devon LNP Executive Group.



Geographic

It is not always possible, or even desirable, to limit the scope of marine

conservation initiatives. The needs of habitats and species are highly

interdependent and influences of human activities can often be felt at great

distances. It is even tricky to set a landward boundary as the impact of many

terrestrial human activities are felt in inshore waters, if not further afield.

But pragmatic 'boundaries' to activities are helpful and, in the case of marine work,

will be strongly influenced by the scope for action and influence of the organisations

involved. For example, although we may be concerned about human influence

beyond 12nm (nautical miles), in practice the ability to influence activities may be

limited.

Devon LNP Sustainable Seas Action Plan will cover the coast, inshore waters

(<6nm) and offshore waters in both North and South Devon. Estuaries will also be

considered, integrating work here with the delivery of actions supporting the

Resilient Wetlands theme (see Figure 2)



Figure 2 – Ecosystem functions of river catchments†

At the same time it is recognised that there is likely to be a closer focus on coastal

and inshore issues than offshore.

While Plymouth has a separate LNP, it has been agreed that for marine issues any

work in Plymouth Sounds and estuaries will be addressed through the Devon LNP

Action Plan. There will be a need to work across terrestrial boundaries on many

projects, especially in Lyme Bay and the Bristol Channel/Severn Estuary, and some

issues will require engaging with processes at a national level.

Just the environment?

The three aims of the Devon LNP demonstrate that all our work goes beyond

consideration of the environment alone:

1 to protect and improve Devon's natural environment 2 to grow Devon's green economy 3 to reconnect Devon's people with nature Although the marine environment is our starting point, the Action Plan will also

consider economic and social factors in its delivery. Indeed in some areas it is not

possible to separate these in any meaningful way.

Context and key drivers

All marine activities take place against a backdrop of policy and legislation as well

as wider environmental, social and economic factors. This section does not provide

a complete description, but sets out some of the key issues that provide the context

for our work.

Policy and legislation drivers

Some of the key policy and legislation drivers behind change in the marine

environment are:

† Image from: Edward Maltby, Steve Ormerod, Mike Acreman, Martin Blackwell, Isabelle Durance, Mark

Everard, Joe Morris and Chris Spray (2011) Freshwaters – Openwaters, Wetlands and Floodplains. In: The UK National Ecosystem Assessment Technical Report. UK National Ecosystem Assessment, UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge.



• Marine Strategy Framework Directive – providing the environmental 'pillar' of the

EU Integrated European Maritime Policy, the aim of this directive is to achieve

Good Environmental Status in European waters by 202012.

• Water Framework Directive – the aim of this directive is that all European

waters: rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal waters and groundwater, reach Good

Ecological Status by 201513. There is a potential overlap with some MSFD

descriptors in coastal waters.

• Shellfish Waters Directive – aimed at protecting waters used for the culture or

collection of shellfish, this directive sets water quality standards that must be

met14. It is restricted to bivalve and gastropod molluscs; crustaceans are not

covered by its measures.

• Common Fisheries Policy – providing an overarching context to UK fisheries

legislation, the CFP allows all EU member states equal access to fisheries in

European waters‡, seeking to manage fish stocks as a common resource15. The

most recent review introduces measures to:

• move towards a ban on discards

• legal commitments to fish at sustainable levels – with a target of MSY

• decentralise decision making

• establish a Marine Fisheries Fund

• Marine and Coastal Access Act – a wide ranging piece of legislation that established the Marine Management Organisation (MMO) and Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authorities (IFCAs)16. It also introduced:

• a new designation, Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs), and a requirement to establish a network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) – 14 MCZS were recommended for Devon, four have been designated and a further three are under consideration.

• a requirement to develop marine plans for all English waters by 2021 – there is currently a process under way, managed by the MMO, to develop plans for inshore and offshore areas between Folkstone and the Dart estuary.

• European Marine Sites – a recent 'change in direction' in UK Government policy recognises that the impacts of commercial fishing on European Marine Sites need to be assessed in the same way as any other project17. IFCAs and the

‡ There is a derogation from the CFP which allows member states to restrict access to fisheries in territorial waters out to 12nm. Some non-UK vessels have access to UK waters between 6 and 12 nm as a result of historical fishing rights.



MMO need to complete this process, introducing management measures as appropriate, by 2016.

Economic context

Issues that provide some of the economic context for the Devon LNP action plan

include:

• Coastal tourism makes up the largest proportions of the coastal economy in the Folkstone to Dart marine plan area (see Figure 3), though it is exceeded by Ports and Shipping combined. It is likely that the split for Devon will be similar, though Ports and Shipping activity might be lower (Southampton increases the value of this sector in the South plan area) and fisheries higher (Plymouth, a major fishing port, falls outside the South plan area).

• In absolute terms the tourism industry is worth over £2 billion to Devon18 (pre- economic down-turn) and represents around 10% of the GDP of the South west; predictions of future trends are closely linked to the performance of the wider UK economy19.

Figure 3 – Elements of Coastal Economy in South Plan Area

§

§ Image from: Marine Management Organisation (2014), South Plans Analytical Report.

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/326907/south_spar.pdf



• While the value traditional recreational activities such as boating and diving seem to be remaining fairly constant there is growth in new areas, especially surfing20.

• Brixham and Plymouth are both important fishing ports in an England context. In 2012 Brixham had the highest landings by value (£27 million) while Plymouth had the highest landings by weight (15700 tonnes)21.

• The Jurassic Coast attracts 5 million visitors each year22, contributing to a £250 million visitor spend in East Devon alone.23

• Although the Atlantic Array development been cancelled, the recent establishment of the South West Marine Energy Park24 highlights a continued enthusiasm for the development of offshore renewables in the region (e.g Figure 4). This will have the greatest impact off Devon's North Coast, with a tidal stream demonstration project area off Lynmouth already announced25.

Figure 4 – Offshore renewable resources around the South West

**

Social context

Issues that provide some of the social context for the Devon LNP action plan

include:

• X% of the population of the south-west live within 10km of the coast.

** Image: Regen SW



• Much employment in coastal towns is seasonal, with a relatively high proportion of jobs only available in the summer months. Even when jobs are available, earnings tend to be low. For example, in 2009, average earnings in Devon were only 88% of those in the rest of England and Wales26 and figures for some parts of Devon (e.g. North Devon and Torridge) are lower still.

• There is increasing evidence of the health benefits provided by living in coastal areas27,28. This may be especially valuable in Devon, where the proportion of the population aged 55 and upwards is above the national average with this trend expected to continue29.

• There are concerns over the visual impact of coastal and offshore development, e.g. Atlantic Array30. These often cite possible detrimental impacts on tourism, although evidence for this either way is unclear.

• There is considerable support for sustainably sourced fish among the general public. An EU wide survey by WWF in 2012 found that 79% of the UK public think 'that it is fairly to very important that fish products on sale with the EU come from sustainable, non-overfished sources', though only 21% felt that there was adequate information available to the consumer on fish stocks31. But consumer purchasing decisions are complex32.

Environmental context

Issues that provide some of the environmental context for the Devon LNP action

plan include:

• Almost half of England’s bathing beaches are to be found in the South-west33. In 2013, 99.5% of these met EU mandatory microbiological standards, while 90.6% complied with single standard guidance34. The single standard guidance is an interim measure being used prior to the introduction of new, stricter, standards in 201535.

• It is forecast that UK sea trade will increase by 37% between 2012 and 2018, and both size of vessels and levels of traffic are both expected to increase36. More controls over shipping emissions and discharges, such as recent changes to rules controlling release of PIBs into the environment37, are required to further reduce risk of major pollution incidents.

• Increased storm events, such as those in the winter of 2013-14, will continue to have direct impacts on seabed habitats38 and on seabird populations39. Increased freshwater input from increased river flows and coastal run-off may also affect the distribution of inshore fish species40.



• The Government's new approach to the management of fisheries in European Marine Sites (EMS)41 will ensure compliance with Article 6 of the Habitats and Species Directive. Byelaws have already been introduced to manage the highest risk activities42 and work continues on increasing levels of protection for designated features43.

• Climate change is already producing ecosystem effects from warming waters44, although currently these seem to be less marked in local waters (e.g. Figure 5). Closely related, the impacts of ocean acidification are less well understood but are causing concern. New research is under way to increase our understanding of the potential threats it may pose45.

Figure 5 – Climate change impacts on seabirds

††

†† Image: Scottish Association of Marine Science; from MCCIP 2013 annual report card http://www.mccip.org.uk/annual-report-card/2013/healthy-diverse-marine-ecosystem/seabirds/part-b-seabirds.aspx,



Vision, activities and goals‡‡

There is a direct link between the Sustainable Seas vision, key activities that will

help deliver it and long-term goals that will help us measure our progress. Box 2

sets out these links in more detail.

Box 2 – Sustainable Seas: vision, activities and long-term goals

Objectives

1. Key activity – protecting our natural heritage

a) Ensuring that we have a suite of designated sites:

‡‡ The vision is set out in the Devon LNP prospectus; the key activities and long-term goals have been drawn up by a ‘Task and Finish’ group, established by the LNP board to oversee development of the Sustainable Seas action plan.

Sustainable Seas – our vision Devon's world-class coast and marine environment is wisely used and

provides a sustainable living for local fishing communities, a home for an

impressive variety of wildlife and an attraction to millions of visitors and

residents.

Key activities

• Protecting our natural heritage

• Wise use of resources

• Valuing what we have

• Increasing our knowledge

Long-term goals

• Our best coastal and marine wildlife sites are properly protected and in favourable condition

• Devon’s fishing industry is economically healthy and environmentally sustainable

• Residents and visitors appreciate the importance of the marine environment and help to protect it

• We have a thorough understanding of our marine heritage, including its needs, the threats it faces and the opportunities it presents us.



• an ecologically coherent network of Marine Conservation Zones, European Marine Sites and Sites of Special Scientific Interest, representative of the full range of Devon’s marine environment

• protecting threatened and charismatic species, including mobile species such as cetaceans, sharks and sea birds

b) Effective and appropriate management of sites:

• define management priorities

• control damaging activities

• monitor the condition of sites

• engage local communities in site stewardship

c) ensuring relevant legislation to protect the wider marine environment is properly implemented, for example:

• Marine Strategy Framework Directive

• Water Framework Directive; etc.

Long term goal – our best coastal and marine wildlife sites are properly protected and in favourable condition

2. Key activity – wise use of natural resources

a) Promoting sustainable fishing, including:

• supporting and promoting best practice and current sustainable fishing initiatives

• developing further sustainable fishing projects

• influencing the future direction of the Common Fisheries Policy and, especially, its implementation

b) Engaging with the Marine Management Organisation's marine planning process to ensure the best net gain for Devon’s marine environment

c) Effective management of terrestrial/riverine activities that impact on the marine environment through engagement with initiatives such as:

• Water Framework Directive implementation

• Upstream Thinking and Downstream Thinking

• flood and coastal protection policy

d) Promoting sustainable recreation and tourism:

• managing sensitive sites and recreational pressures

• dissemination of codes of conduct and other messages through hubs and information centres



Long term goal – Devon’s marine businesses are economically healthy and environmentally sustainable

3. Key activity – valuing what we have

a) Maximising opportunities for awareness raising, for example, promoting and developing:

• a network of visitor hubs

• opportunities for schools to work on the coast

• coastal green tourism businesses

• coastal well-being activities such as Blue Gym etc.

• opportunities for local people to engage with coastal activities through volunteering

b) Championing the best practices in, for example:

• marine and coastal management

• tourism

• sustainable fishing

• renewable energy etc.

c) Rewarding best practice in the market place, for example:

• developing agreed methods of assessing environmental performance

• providing consumers with the information they need to make choices

• simplifying and signposting existing schemes

• developing and promoting new schemes to fill gaps

Long term goal – residents and visitors appreciate the importance of the marine environment and help to protect it

4. Key activity – increasing our knowledge

a) Monitoring protected sites: the collection, storage, analysis and interpretation of data so that it can be used to assess the effectiveness of management measures

b) Monitoring change in the wider coastal and marine environment:

• identifying key indicators relating to pressures and responses

• identifying trends and providing data for Devon State of Nature reporting

c) Understanding the wider socio-economic aspects of our assets and our activities that impact on them including ecosystem services through specific projects like VALMER



d) Promoting research to identify the barriers to behaviour change in industry and the general public

Long term goal – we have a thorough understanding of our marine heritage, including its needs, the threats it faces and the opportunities it presents us

What will success look like?

Development of an action plan will include the identification of key indicators of

success, in order that we can assess progress towards our long term goals.

However, it is possible to set out some headline outcomes that we will expect to see

in the medium term and these are set out in Box 3.

Box 3 – What will we see in five years’ time?

What is already happening?

There is a significant number of local and national initiatives being carried out in

Devon which are already helping to deliver against our objectives. The following list

is indicative rather than exhaustive:

• MCZ designation process – four Marine Conservation Zones are already designated in Devon; three further rMCZs are on the list for potential designation

What will we see in five years’ time?

• A full suite of Marine Protected Areas designated and well-managed

• Up-to-date surveys of all protected sites

• Wider monitoring programme feeds into State of Devon’s Nature report

• Effective input to MMO marine plans, with ecosystem needs at heart of decision-making

• Programme of joint LNP/fishing industry projects, promoting and championing best practice in sustainability

• Single portal for marine awareness activities in Devon, enabling quick and easy access by locals and visitors

• Programme of investment in environmental projects by local businesses through closer working between Devon LNP and Heart of SW LEP

• Two-way research ‘exchange’ where questions can be identified to form the basis of possible research projects with results widely disseminated through Devon LNP



in 2015; estuary rMCZs are being considered for protection through SSSI legislation

• Fisheries in European Marine Sites – Devon and Severn IFCA bylaws already introduced to protect most vulnerable habitats from most damaging commercial fishing activities; further work on other habitats and activities ongoing

• Project 50% – funded by Defra and co-ordinated by CEFAS§§, this project worked with South West fishers, looking at barriers to uptake of new technology as well as demonstrating new gear that reduces the level of fish discards from beam trawling46

• Project Inshore – a Seafish-funded project assessing inshore fisheries against Marine Stewardship Council sustainability criteria, indicating whether they might be eligible to progress to MSC assessment47

• South Marine Plans – a Marine Management Organisation-led project to develop a marine plan covering all activities for the inshore and offshore sea areas between Folkstone and the Dart48; currently (summer 2014) developing vision and objectives

• Celtic Seas Partnership – a project seeking to bring together sea users, industry, governments and the scientific community across the Celtic Seas to find ways of working together that will help achieve healthy and sustainable seas49

• Detailed surveys of rMCZs – building an evidence base to support designation and management of Marine Conservation Zones off the north and south Devon coasts50

• VALMER – a European-funded project which aims to examine how improved marine ecosystem services assessment can support effective and informed marine management and planning51; case studies include work in North Devon and Plymouth Sound

• Research within Lyme Bay Fisheries & Conservation Reserve – with studies into the recovery of reef habitats from fishing activities52 and storm damage53 and impacts of potting on crustacean stocks and habitats54, Lyme Bay remains a focus for academic research activity

§§ Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science



• Seaton Jurassic – due to open in late 2015, Seaton Jurassic will be an exciting addition to the wide range of visitor attractions in Devon that introduce locals and visitors alike to the county’s coastal and marine heritage55

• Downstream Thinking – South West Water’s latest business plan includes proposals for developing a holistic approach to catchment management, reducing point and run-off inputs to catchments and increasing flood resilience, all of which will help improve inshore water quality as well as protect homes and businesses from flooding56.

One of the aims of the workshop described below will be to significantly expand our

recording of current activities supporting our objectives and goals.

Next steps

Workshop – September 2014

The next step in the development of our action plan is to hold a workshop to:

• Agree on a set of objectives for the action plan based on those set out above

• Expand the list of existing projects and work that is already helping to deliver against our objectives

• Identify any synergies between existing projects and where, perhaps with a few tweaks, we can deliver better against our objectives

• Look at the gaps in delivery and develop a list to prioritise future work planning, funding and lobbying

Anticipated outcomes are set out in Box 4.

Box 4 – Anticipated workshop outcomes

Workshop Outcomes

• An agreed set of objectives

• A complete register of existing projects, linked to the objectives against which they are delivering, with timetables

• A list of possible project ‘tweaks’ to improve delivery, along with agreement from relevant bodies to adapt project plans where this is practical

• A prioritised list of work to fill gaps in delivery, along with volunteers/groups and, where practical, timetables, to take forward project development

• Key messages for the Devon LNP Board to use in local, regional and national lobbying

• Proposals for 'quick wins', a small number of initiatives that can be put in place relatively easily, along with volunteers and timetables (Box 5).



Box 5 – Potential ‘quick wins’ for discussion

Invitations have been sent to a wide range of peoples and organisations in order to

capture a full range of experience and expertise (see Appendix).

Action plan

The outputs from the workshop will be incorporated into this document to make up

the complete action plan. This will be worked up and sent to workshop attendees

for review by the end of September, with a final version presented to the LNP Board

for signoff by the end of 2014.

At this point, the ‘Task and Finish’ group that was set up to guide the development

of the action plan will be disbanded. Progress against project delivery and

development timetables will be monitored through meetings of the LNP Executive or

Technical Group.

Potential ‘quick wins’5

Hfor discussion at the workshop:

• Incorporation of marine indicators into Devon Biodiversity Monitoring programme and roll-out of pilot through DWT Shoresearch programme

• Devon LNP input to Marine Management Organisation South Marine Plans process

• Development of a Devon marine data register, perhaps as a first step to wider data strategy

• List of research questions for academic and/or student projects

• Devon LNP response to Defra Marine Conservation Zone consultation in early 2015



Appendix 1

Expected attendees at September workshop

• Martin Attrill, Marine Institute, Academic & LNP Board

• Helen Booker, RSPB, Conservation NGO

• Kaja Curry, Plymouth TECF, coastal management and Plymouth stakeholders

• Ian Egerton, Devon Biodiversity Records Centre, Biodiversity data and survey

• Sue Goodfellow, LNP Chair

• Steve Guilbert, Devon Maritime Forum, Maritime stakeholders

• Elaine Hayes, North Devon AONB, North Devon stakeholders

• Mel Parker, Natural England, Statutory nature conservation advisor

• Jim Portus, South West FPO, fishing industry

• Tim Robbins, Devon and Severn IFCA, Fisheries and conservation

• Alex Scholefield, Sea Torbay, Torbay stakeholders

• Simon Toms, Environment Agency, Environmental regulator

• Aidan Winder, Devon CC, Local authority

The following are not able to attend, but have expressed an interest in feeding into

the further development of the Sustainable Seas action plan:

• Harry Barton, Devon Wildlife Trust, Conservation NGO & LNP Board

• Andy Bell, North Devon Biosphere Reserve, North Devon stakeholders

• Rachel Irish, Marine Management Organisation, Marine and fisheries regulator

• Sarah Jennings, Devon LNP co-ordinator

• Janet Lister, National Trust, Major coastal landowner



References

1 South West Coast Path – facts and figures 2014

http://www.southwestcoastpath.com/media/uploads/swcp_facts_and_figures_a5_le

aflet_april_2014.pdf

2 http://www.ukmajorports.org.uk/pages/industry-profile

3 e.g. Jackson J. (2008) Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean,

Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 105 suppl. 1, pp 11458-11465

www.pnas.org_cgi_doi_10.1073_pnas.0802812105

4 The Unnatural History of the Sea: The Past and Future of Humanity and Fishing,

Roberts C. (2007). Gaia Books

5 Capasso E., Jenkins S.R., Frost M. and Hinz H. (2010). Investigation of benthic

community change over a century-wide scale in the western English Channel.

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90, pp 1161-

1172. doi:10.1017/S0025315409991020.

6 Rogers, A.D. & Laffoley, D.d’A. 2011. International Earth system expert workshop on ocean stresses and impacts. Summary report. IPSO Oxford, 18 pp.http://www.stateoftheocean.org/pdfs/1906_IPSO-LONG.pdf

7 European Bureau for Conservation and Development 2014

http://www.ebcd.org/en/Fisheries_and_marine_issues/Newsletter/State_of_EU_fish

_stocks_and_outlook_for_2014.html

8 Thurstan, R.H. Brockington, S. and Roberts, C.M. (2010). The effects of 118 years

of industrial fishing on UK bottom trawl fisheries. Nature Communications 1, Article

15 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1013

9 Rosenberg, A.A., Bolster, J., Cooper, A., et al. (2005) The history of ocean

resources: modeling cod biomass using historical records. Frontiers in Ecology and

the Environment 3, 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-

9295(2005)003[0078:THOORM]2.0.CO;2

10 UK National Ecosystem Assessment (2011), Synthesis of Key Findings http://sd.defra.gov.uk/2011/06/national-ecosystem-assessment-synthesis-report/

11 Devon Local Nature Partnership (2014), Prospectus for Natural Devon 2014-19

http://www.naturaldevon.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Final-DLNP-

prospectus-jan20141.pdf

12 http://www.msfd.eu/knowseas/about.html

13 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/info/intro_en.htm



14 http://archive.defra.gov.uk/environment/quality/water/waterquality/shellfish/

15 http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/index_en.htm

16 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/23/contents

17 https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/fisheries-in-european-marine-sites-

implementation-group

18 SW Tourism Alliance (2008) Value of Tourism

http://www.swtourismalliance.org.uk/documents/q/category/finance-facts-figures-

documents/value-of-tourism-archive/value-of-tourism-2008/

19 MMO (2013) South Marine Plan Areas Futures Analysis Chapter 16.2.5

http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140305091040/http://www.marinemana

gement.org.uk/evidence/1039.htm

20 Charting Progress 2 – Productive Seas Feeder Report, Chapter 3.6 Leisure and

Recreation http://chartingprogress.defra.gov.uk/feeder/PSEG-feeder.pdf

21 UK Annual Fisheries Statistics 2012 UK Government – Landings by UK vessels into

key ports https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/uk-sea-fisheries-

annual-statistics-2012

22 MMO (2013) South Marine Plan Areas Futures Analysis Chapter 16.2.1

http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140305091040/http://www.marinemana

gement.org.uk/evidence/documents/1039.pdf

23 South West Tourism Alliance 2008

http://www.swtourismalliance.org.uk/files/download.php?m=documents&f=1004191

52046-3Devondistricts08.pdf

24 http://www.regensw.co.uk/projects/offshore-renewables/marine-energy-parks

25 http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/news-and-media/news/2014/further-uk-wave-and-

tidal-opportunities-unlocked/

26 Devon Joint Service Needs Assessment 2009, http://www.devon.gov.uk/jsna_-

_section_3_-_devon_overview.pdf

27 Benedict W. Wheeler, Mathew White, Will Stahl-Timmins, Michael H. Depledge

(2012), Does living by the coast improve health and wellbeing? Health & Place,

Available online 30 June 2012, ISSN 1353-8292, 0.1016/j.healthplace.2012.06.015.

28 Mathew P. White, Ian Alcock, Benedict W. Wheeler and Michael H. Depledge

(2013), Coastal proximity, health and well-being: Results from a longitudinal panel

survey Health & Place, Volume 23, pp 97-103



29 Devon Joint Strategic Needs Assessment

http://www.devonhealthandwellbeing.org.uk/jsna/overview/

30 http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/article-1355792165782/

31 http://www.wwf.org.uk/about_wwf/press_centre/?unewsid=4829

32 http://fishingintothefuture.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Libby-Woodhatch-

PDFversion.pdf – presentation at Fishing into the Future, July 2012

33 Office of National Statistics – regional profile for the South West

http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/regional-trends/regional-trends/no--42--2010-

edition/portrait-of-the-south-west.pdf

34 www.gov.uk/government/publications/bathing-waters-in-england-2013-compliance-

report

35 www.gov.uk/government/collections/bathing-waters

36 MMO (2014) South Plan Analytical Review, Section 2.8

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/3269

07/south_spar.pdf

37 http://www.wildlifetrusts.org/news/2013/10/21/seabird-death-chemical-be-banned

38 http://cmscoms.com/?p=1567 highlighting interim results from studies carried out in

Lyme Bay by Plymouth University Marine Institute

39 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-26440087

40 Jim Portus, South West Fish Producers Organisation (pers. comm.)

41 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fisheries-in-european-marine-sites-

project-implementation-plan

42 http://www.devonandsevernifca.gov.uk/sitedata/Misc/Mobile_gear_byelaw_for_con.pdf

43 http://www.devonandsevernifca.gov.uk/sitedata/Misc/DSIFCAAnnualPlan14_15.pdf

44 http://www.mccip.org.uk/annual-report-card/2013/regional-snapshots.aspx

45 http://www.oceanacidification.org.uk/

46 http://www.cefas.defra.gov.uk/our-science/fisheries-information/discards-and-

fishing-gear-technology/project-50.aspx

47 http://www.seafish.org/industry-support/fishing/project-inshore/project-results

48 https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/marine-planning-in-england

49 http://celticseaspartnership.eu/



50 http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-4883

51 http://www.valmer.eu/

52 Plymouth University Marine Institute

http://www1.plymouth.ac.uk/research/mberc/Research/Marine%20resource%20ma

nagement/Pages/Marine%20Protected%20Areas.aspx

53 http://www.plymouth.ac.uk/pages/view.asp?page=40700

54 http://www.lymebayreserve.co.uk/conservation-and-science/research.php

55 http://www.seatonvisitorcentretrust.org/

56 South West Water business plan proposals

http://waterfuture.southwestwater.co.uk/sites/default/files/library/PROPOSALS%20A

ND%20CHOICES%202015-2020online.pdf p18

Sustainable Seas an action plan Introduction...Sustainable Seas – an action plan Sustainable Seas...

Documents

Transcript of Sustainable Seas an action plan Introduction...Sustainable Seas – an action plan Sustainable Seas...