Sustainable Modifications and Innovations using LEED of a Women University in Al-Dilam, K.S.A

2014

Asad Ullah Malik

SECTION – ‘B’

5/19/2014

SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS

Figure 1 OUR PPROJECT

SUBMITTED TO:-

LEC. ABDUL BASEER

SECTION “B” AutoCAD Project

1 SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS

Group Members

Sr. # NAMES REG #

1 ASAD ULLAH MALIK (Leader) 16

2 MUHAMMAD UMER ABBASI 78

3 ZULQARNAIN SHAH 130

4 FAKHAR ABBASS 113

5 FARRUKH AZIZ 25

6 MOHAMMAD WAQAR 83

Acknowledgement

First of all, we would thank Allah Almighty because whatever we are,

whatever we do, whatever we did and whatever has been done by us is solely

due to Him and Him alone and rest all are his creatures which He created to

assist us.

We would like to express our very great appreciation to Lecturer Abdul

Baseer for his valuable and constructive suggestions during the planning and

development of this research work. His willingness to give his time so generously

has been very much appreciated.

It is also our duty to record our thankfulness to the Lab Technicians & Lab

Instructors of the Computer Lab of NUST Institute of Civil Engineering for their

help in offering us the resources in running and installing the program. i.e.

AutoCAD software.

Finally, we wish to thank our parents for their support and

encouragement throughout our study.



INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT:

We as civil engineers deal with a field which

is so diverse in its applications. In this project

too we dealt with Environmental,

Transportation, Material and other aspects

of a project.

The continuous search for more sustainable

and economic processed solutions has

been an important investigation topic of a

broad research community worldwide. The

resulting solutions can therefore be adapted by the industry thus leading to a more

sustainable society. The building industry is not immune to this reality and huge efforts have

been done in order to find alternative sustainable building materials and low technology

methods, which result in a more sustainable and affordable construction complemented

with the comfort standards required nowadays. The CO2 emissions to the atmosphere,

energy and water consumptions are some parameters that have significant impact in this

equation. Reusing, opting for green building materials (which must be renewable, local,

and abundant), retrofitting, choosing low technology methods and techniques are some

practices that have given good results in this context.

The concept of sustainability is not limited to

buildings. An example can be seen in Fig. 3.

But we only focused on LEED which was our

leading guide through the process.

As mentioned in the abstract, our LEED Project is

situated in Al-Dilam. Below the pictures perfectly

depicts the outskirts of this town.

Figure 3 An example of Sustainable Furniture

Figure 2 Branches of Civil Engineering

Figure 4 Local Atmosphere in Al-Dilam



MINIMUM

PROGRAM

REQUIREMENTS



LEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements for

New Construction and Major Renovations:

1. Must comply with Environmental Laws. (SATISFIED)

Our building was approved by the Ministry of Higher Education of Saudi Arabia. The wall insulations and other criteria were already imposed by the ministry as per local building standards and codes.

2. Must be a Complete, Permanent Building or Space. (SATISFIED)

3. Must Use a Reasonable Site Boundary (SATISFIED)

4. Must Comply with Minimum Floor Area Requirements.

Total Area of Ground Floor = 11748.654 m2 Total Area of Openings in Ground Floor = 3921.647 m2 Gross Floor Area of Ground Floor= 11748.654 m2 – 3921.647 m2 = 7827.007 m2

Total Area of First Floor = 11748.654 m2 Total Area of Openings in Second Floor = 3495.957 m2 Gross Floor Area of First Floor= 11748.654 m2 – 3495.957 m2= 8252.697 m2

Total Area of Second Floor = 11748.654 m2 Total Area of Openings in Second Floor = 3495.957 m2 Gross Floor Area of Second Floor= 11748.654 m2 – 3495.957 m2 = 8252.697 m2

Gross Floor Area of The Roof Floor= 8252.697 m2

Total Floor Area = 32585.098 m2 > 93 m2 (SATISFIED)

5. Must Comply with Minimum Occupancy Rates (SATISFIED)

As, our project is a university students will remain in university for daily for about 4-5 hours on average but they also get summer vacations which lowers their annual average of the time they spend in the premises of the university. But as LEED only requires only 1 FTE which can be served by the cleaning and security staff which stays on campus all year round. These low paid staff works and

Figure 5 SNAPSHOT TAKEN WHEN CALCULATING AREA OF OPEN SPACES



lives on campus and spends more than 40 hours a week on the LEED project. But here’s the catch. To satisfy the LEED code the FTE has to spend his/her stipulated time in the LEED project space/building.

6. Must Commit to Sharing Whole-Building Energy and Water Usage Date

We provided have provided our data where necessary in the following part of the report.

7. Must Comply with a Minimum Building Area to Site Area Ratio:

Total Gross Area = 690000 ft2

2% of Total Gross Area = 138000 ft2

Covered Building area = 88000 ft2 < 138000 ft2 (SATISFIED)



SUSTAINABLE

SITES



SS PREREQUISITE 1 : Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

INTENT

To reduce pollution from construction activities by controlling soil erosion, waterway sedimentation and airborne dust generation.

WHAT WE DID:

We did temporary seeding ALOND WITH Stockpiling and Silt Fencing. Although rains aren’t much frequent in this particular area of Saudi Arabia; still we imposed, on precautionary terms, the provision of making Sediments Basin in the low lying areas of the site. Temporary seeding stabilizes disturbed areas with fast growing annual grasses, small grains, or legumes until permanent vegetation can be established. Dense, established vegetation protects the soil from raindrop impact, reduces flow velocities, increases infiltration, reduces soil loss from the site and is the most effective erosion control practice available. In addition, temporary seeding is economical and adds organic matter to the soil and reduces dust and mud problems that are common on many construction sites. Temporary seeding is applicable on any area of the site that will remain inactive for at least 21 days but less than 1 year. It is often used to prevent erosion between construction activities and during the winter months if established early enough. Due to its short-term nature, temporary seeding may be ineffective on its own and should be used in conjunction with other management practices. Most importantly in our case the major concerned factor was the frequent sand storms as our site was just adjacent to a sand dune. In fact our site was reclaimed from encroaching sand dunes. For this too the temporary seeding would help settle dust and sand.

Figure 6 SILT FENCING

Figure 7 Stockpiling the Soil to prevent erosion in an event of storm and covering it with Sheets to avoid loss due to natural

factors.

Figure 8 Features of Temporary Seeding



SS Credit 1: Site Selection

1 Point (SATISFIED)

INTENT To avoid the development of inappropriate sites and reduce the environmental impact from the location of a building on a site.

Requirements Do not develop buildings, hardscape, roads or parking areas on portions of sites that meet any of the following criteria:

Does over site meet the requirements written on the left

Prime farmland as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Volume 6, Parts 400 to 699, Section 657.5 (citation 7CFR657.5)

NO

Previously undeveloped land whose elevation is lower than 5 feet above the elevation of the 100-year flood as defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

NO

Land specifically identified as habitat for any species on federal or state threatened or endangered lists

NO

Land within 100 feet of any wetlands as defined by the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR, Parts 230-233 and Part 22, and isolated wetlands or areas of special concern identified by state or local rule, OR within setback distances from wetlands prescribed in state or local regulations, as defined by local or state rule or law, whichever is more stringent

NO

Previously undeveloped land that is within 50 feet of a water body, defined as seas, lakes, rivers, streams and tributaries that support or could support fish, recreation or industrial use, consistent with the terminology of the Clean Water Act

NO

nLand that prior to acquisition for the project was

public parkland, unless land of equal or greater value as parkland is accepted in trade by the public landowner (park authority projects are exempt).

NO



SS Credit 2: Development Density and Community Connectivity 5 Points (SATISFIED) Intent To channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect greenfields, and preserve habitat and Natural resources.

WHAT WE DID:

We proposed a new location for our project which was near 10 basic facilities. The details of these 10 basic

places will be given in the presentation.

SS Credit 4.1: Alternative Transportation—Public Transportation Access 6 Points (SATISFIED) Intent To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.

WHAT WE DID: We made and designed a 15 sitter bus stop to facilitate the students and the staff.

Figure 9 A BUS STOP ADJACENT TO THE MAIN ENTRANCE OF THE BUILDING



SS Credit 4.2: Alternative Transportation—Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms 1 Point (SATISFIED) Intent To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use. WHAT WE DID: We designed, built and provided bicycles stands just near to the main entrances thus facilitating the students. Changing rooms were located inside LEED Project Building.

SS Credit 4.3: Alternative Transportation—Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles 3 Points Intent To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.

WHAT WE DID

We installed OPTION 3 by imposing pavement markings specifically for the fuel efficient vehicles. We

introduced preferred parking and these changes were incorporated in AutoCAD drawings too. Moreover, as

a functioning university each year academically efficient students will be awarded with fuel efficient cars for

usage during their academic tenure. We proposed two cars 1) Toyota Prius C & 2) MERCEDES-BENZ

SMART ELECTRIC DRIVE CONVERTIBLE/COUPE. Both of them achieved a minimum green score of 40

on the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) annual vehicle rating guide and in fact

Figure 12 Bike Stands given at the entrances to the LEED building/ space.

Figure 10 Bike stands at the main entrance of the LEED Project Boundary

Figure 11 SW-ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE BIKE STAND



these two topped the list for the Greenest Vehicles of 2014. We also installed boards reserving parking for

green vehicles only on different locations as specified by LEED.

Figure 16 ""LOW EMITTING FUEL EFFICIENT VEHICLES ONLY"" written on the parking spaces adjacent to the entrance to the LEED Project

Figure 15 TOYOTA PRIUS C

Figure 18 MERCEDES-BENZ SMART ELECTRIC DRIVE CONVERTIBLE/COUPE

Figure 14 Real Life illustration of our concept which we showed you on the previous page on AutoCAD

Figure 17 SIGN BOARDS INSTALLED ADJACENT TO

PREFERED PARKING

Figure 13 Preferred Parking near Gate 2



Figure 19 TABLE SHOWING THE SPECS AND POINTS OF THE GREENEST CARS OF 2014



SS Credit 4.4: Alternative Transportation—Parking Capacity 2 Points Intent To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use. WHAT WE DID: To satisfy LEED’s Non-Residential Projects condition we didn’t exceed the minimum zoning requirements.

Dedicated parking for carpools was provided.

SS Credit 6.1 & 6.2: Storm water Design—Quantity & Quality Control 1 Point + 1 Point Intent To limit disruption of natural hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration, reducing or eliminating pollution from storm water runoff and eliminating contaminants. / To limit disruption and pollution of natural

water flows by managing storm water runoff. WHAT WE DID: Pictures are Self-explanatory

Figure 21 Sign Board

Figure 20 "LOW EMITTING FUEL EFFIECIENT VEHICLES AND CARPOOLS ONLY".

Figure 23 Pervious Pavement

Figure 22 Vegetated Roof



REFERENCES:

http://www.aceee.org/press/2009/02/annual-ranking-green-vehicles-shows-progress-despite-tou

http://www.canaansitefurnishings.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/bicycle-racks-cah-708_0.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_I_environmental_site_assessment

http://www.cadblocksfree.com/downloaddetails.php?id=787

http://greenercars.org/highlights.htm

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/2013_Smart_Fortwo_Electric_Drive_--_2012_NYIAS.JPG

http://ecosigndesigns.com/wp-content/themes/greenSignDesigns/img/carpool.png

http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/graphics/english/transit/supportive-guideline/2.5.2.jpg

Cool Roof Q & A (draft), Ronnen Levinson Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (July 29, 2009)

Figure 25 Rain water collection tank made underground in the lowest part of the LEED Project Boundary. This will collect Rain water as all the slope of the area is towards it, which will later be used in urinal flushing. as shown in FIG. 24A

Figure 24A 50% gray water used again for urinal flushing

http://www.aceee.org/press/2009/02/annual-ranking-green-vehicles-shows-progress-despite-tou

http://www.canaansitefurnishings.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/bicycle-racks-cah-708_0.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_I_environmental_site_assessment

http://www.cadblocksfree.com/downloaddetails.php?id=787

http://greenercars.org/highlights.htm

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/2013_Smart_Fortwo_Electric_Drive_--_2012_NYIAS.JPG

http://ecosigndesigns.com/wp-content/themes/greenSignDesigns/img/carpool.png

http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/graphics/english/transit/supportive-guideline/2.5.2.jpg



WATER

EFFICIENCY



Water efficiency credits

WE Credit 1: Water Efficient Landscaping: (4 points) Requirement: Employ strategies that in aggregate use 20% less water than the water use baseline calculated for the building. Path:

No Potable Water Use or Irrigation:

Method: Install landscaping that does not require permanent irrigation systems. Temporary irrigation systems used for plant establishment are allowed only if removed within 1 year of installation. In order to get useful results for species that does not require water you have to perform following steps

1. Soil analysis 2. PLANNING & DESIGN 3. EFFICIENT IRRIGATION 4. PROPER PLANT SELECTION 5. Practical grass area 6. Mulching 7. Proper maintaince

The university is situated in Saudi Arabia which has an arid climate. so we study different species of that area that we can use for our landscaping in project with least or no water use.In the difficult, arid climate of Saudi Arabia, distinct advantages are to be gained from incorporating some native, or locally suited, species into a design because of their ability to flourish under local growing conditions and for their superior tolerance to the extremes of heat, desert winds, drought or saline conditions that can exist. Native species often show a lower maintenance requirement than introductions and many possess a minimal irrigation demand when established. There are some species that can be used for our project.

1) Dohm palm 2) Athel tree 3) Cunvolvulus hystrix

Reference: Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Environmental Design, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

WE Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies: (2 points)

Intent: To reduce wastewater generation and potable water demand while increasing the local aquifer recharge

Method: Treat 50% of wastewater on-site to tertiary standards. Treated water must be infiltrated or used on-site One of technology that can be used for this purpose is “Biological Nutrient Removal systems”



Description Biological nutrient removal (BNR) removes total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from wastewater through the use of microorganisms under different environmental conditions in the treatment process.

Nitrogen Removal: Mechanisms Involved in the Removal of Total Nitrogen

Form of Nitrogen Common Removal Mechanism Technology Limit (mg/L)

Ammonia-N Nitrification <0.5

Nitrate-N Denitrification 1 – 2

Particulate organic-N Solids separation <1.0

Soluble organic-N None 0.5 – 1.5

Note that organic nitrogen is not removed biologically; rather only the particulate fraction can be removed through solids separation via sedimentation or filtration. Phosphorus Removal: Mechanisms Involved in the Removal of Total Phosphorus

Form of Phosphorus Common Removal Mechanism Technology Limit (mg/L)

Soluble phosphorus Microbial uptake Chemical precipitation

0.1

Particulate phosphorus Solids removal <0.05

BNR Unit Costs for Small Systems (Dollars)

Component 4,000 gpd 10,000 gpd 25,000 gpd 50,000 gpd 100,000 gpd

New Plants

Construction $70.97/gpd $34.66/gpd $19.34/gpd $14.58/gpd $8.50/gpd

O&M $7.86/gpd $3.70/gpd $2.10/gpd $1.43/gpd $0.94/gpd

Features: Special polypropylene discs provide perfect environment for fixed film growth, No blowers, aeration piping, or diffusers, Low HP drives, Compact design, Stable process, Wheels controlled with VFD’s and DO probes and Peripheral mixing paddle Benefits: No odors, No noise, Low energy requirement, Small footprint, Improved sludge settling, Minimized operator attention, Can accommodate seasonal fluctuations in flow rate

Reference: Water Environment Federation (WEF) and American Society of Civil Engineers



(ASCE)/Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI). 2006. Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants. McGraw Hill: New York.

WE Credit 3: Water Use Reduction: (2 points) Intent: To further increase water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems

Innovation: 30% reduction in water use can be achieve by use of “composting toilet system”. let's go over how a composting toilet works. The process works the same as the composting pile you may have for your kitchen scraps. Aerobic bacteria within the waste break it down with the help of air, heat and time. Someone does have to stir material regularly, and add materials such as sawdust or popcorn to keep those bacteria at work. The result is an earthy nutrient-filled organic matter known as humus. There are two kinds of composting toilets: self-contained and central. They don't look that different from your current commode. Self-contained composting toilets are smaller and are more likely to be found in cottages or seasonal homes. The self-contained unit shouldn't be used year-round if more than two people are using it. As the name implies, the toilet and the composter are combined in one unit, so composting is taking place just under your throne. In a central system, the toilet is connected to a separate composter, which may be in the basement or on the side of the building. Central composting toilets have a bit more capacity for year-round homes but are more expensive than self-contained composting toilets. Both have the same goal, though: to destroy the pathogens and recycle our excrement without using water. Instead of flushing, the waste drops down a pipe to the composter, which is hidden from view with a trap door or screen

A company with name “Andexa Composting Toilet” is providing our desirable toilets to fit in university.

Reference: http://www.biolet.com

http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/recycling.htm

http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/h2o.htm

http://www.environmental-expert.com/companies/andexa-composting-toilet-44929



ENERGY

&

ATMOSPHERE



Prerequisite 1 Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems Intent To verify that the project’s energy-related systems are installed, and calibrated to perform according to the owner’s project requirements, basis of design and construction documents. Benefits of commissioning include reduced energy use, lower operating costs, fewer contractor callbacks, better building documentation, improved occupant productivity and verification that the systems perform in accordance with the owner’s project requirements.

PREREQUISITE 2 Minimum Energy Performance Intent To establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the proposed building and systems to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use.

PREREQUISITE 3 Fundamental Refrigerant Management

Intent

To reduce stratospheric ozone depletion.

Requirements



Zero use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based refrigerants in new base building heating, ventilating, air conditioning and

refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems. When reusing existing base building HVAC equipment, complete a comprehensive

CFC phase-out conversion prior to project completion. Phase-out plans extending beyond the project completion date

will be considered on their merits.

GREEN REFRIGERANTS QUALIFY FOR LEED POINTS Enhanced Refrigerant Management

CREDIT 4

2 points (HVAC&R)

The refrigerants used in HVAC equipment can earn a point for LEED certification. A LEED pre-requisite is that HVAC

equipment must not use a CFC refrigerant. An additional point can be earned if the refrigerant is not an HCFC (such as

HCFC-22 and HCFC-123). are considered “green” refrigerants and earn the extra LEED point.

HCFC-22 While it is currently the most popular and versatile refrigerant in the world, HCFC-22 cannot be used in new equipment

after 2010. A small amount will be manufactured to service equipment until 2020, when its production will stop

completely. If your equipment runs on HCFC-22, you can continue to operate it for its useful life, even after the phase

out date. Like all “extinct” refrigerants, HCFC-22 is grandfathered in the United States. Once the HVAC systems are in

the field, they can stay in the field. Because HCFC-22 is so popular, there should be enough reclaimed refrigerant for

service and repair. Large cooling systems, including all positive pressure centrifugal and screw chillers, are now being

designed for HFC-134a and HFC-407C. In small systems – those under 100 tons – HFC-410A has become the main

replacement for HCFC-22.



LIGHTING AND DAYLIGHTING Opimize Energy Performance Credit 1

Lighting and day lighting controls are systems that adjust the amount of natural and artificial light in a room,

based on its brightness, occupancy, and sometimes other factors.

Good controls are critical to lighting design that incorporates both daylight and artificial light. They can

improve both visual and thermal comfort while significantly decreasing energy use. For instance, occupancy-

based shutoff alone can save up to 38% of lighting energy for private offices, 50% in conference rooms, and

58% for classrooms.

Successful design of lighting control is measured by testing visual comfort in the room during occupied times,

and measuring the daily or monthly lighting energy use. The less energy required while still achieving

comfort, the better. Controls systems are also measured by their reliability and ease of use for occupants

and operations staff.

Lighting Controls

Shading Controls

Lighting for Thermal Comfort

MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION (Credit 5)

Lighting Controls

The simplest way to reduce the amount of energy consumed by lighting systems is to turn lights off whenever

they are not required. Most people simply do not shut off lights when they leave rooms. One solution to

this problem is occupancy sensors, which sense the presence of people in a space using infrared and/or

ultrasonic motion sensors. These switches are appropriate in spaces where people pass in and out often,

such as private offices, restrooms, storage areas, and conference rooms.

Lighting controls can also dim lights when

there is plenty of daylight. Such systems can

save 20-60% of lighting energy1. To respond

appropriately as the distribution of sunlight

in the room changes through the day, these

systems require brightness sensors to be

placed strategically in the room. Different

sensors may actuate different lighting zones.

Occupancy sensors and brightness sensors

can be individual switches for individual lights or inputs to larger control

systems. The most highly-optimized lighting control systems combine multiple

sensors and a logic processor to control lights. These systems can often save 40% of overall lighting energy;

sometimes even far more.

Figure 27 Daylight brightness sensor Figure 26 Occupancy sensor

with a manual override switch

http://aswlive.bm2.polycotassociates.com/buildings/measuring-light-levels

http://aswlive.bm2.polycotassociates.com/buildings/human-thermal-comfort

http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/pdf/dorene2.pdf

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/controls-lighting-and-daylighting#lighting-controls

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/controls-lighting-and-daylighting#lighting-controls

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/controls-lighting-and-daylighting#lighting-thermalcomfort

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/controls-lighting-and-daylighting#1

http://aswlive.bm2.polycotassociates.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/core-page-inserted-images/brightness_sensor_bg_img_dali_multi_sensor_overview.png

http://aswlive.bm2.polycotassociates.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/core-page-inserted-images/occupancy_sensor.jpg



Shading Controls

Daylight can be valuable to give spaces good visual comfort using no electricity, but sometimes the sun is

too bright. Building occupants can open and close shades, or adjust blinds, to tune light levels to their

comfort; however, people often don't operate such systems to their optimal effectiveness, particularly in

shared spaces.

Motorized shades and blinds can be controlled by timers, brightness sensors, or other inputs. These can

close shades at sunset on western walls to avoid glare, or tilt Venetian blinds to 60% closed at the brightest

times of day while tilting them to full openness at dimmer times.

A brightness sensor detects excess sunlight, and lowers a shade to avoid glare

The simplest and least expensive control systems are timers; sophisticated ones can be set to actuate shades

at different times of day throughout the year, to compensate for changes in the sun's path from winter to

summer. Systems based on brightness sensors are more expensive, but can also adjust for cloudy days and

shadows from surrounding buildings, trees, or other objects.

As with lighting controls, shading controls can be individual units or can be part of a larger system; the latter

is most effective at maximizing visual comfort while minimizing energy use.

Lighting Controls for Thermal Comfort

Saving lighting energy also saves cooling energy in warm climates, because every watt of electricity used by

lighting systems turns into a watt of heat that must be removed from the room. Part of this is from the

inefficiency of lighting equipment, the rest is from the conversion of light into heat when it is absorbed by

the materials it illuminates. Thus, reducing lighting energy use also improves passive thermal comfort.

http://aswlive.bm2.polycotassociates.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/core-page-inserted-images/shading-controls.jpg

http://aswlive.bm2.polycotassociates.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/core-page-inserted-images/all_light_becomes_heat.jpg



Lighting energy becomes heat, both by inefficiency and by absorption

In hot climates, preventing excess solar heat gain during the afternoon can be more important than bringing

in natural light. Even when windows have low solar heat gain coefficients, they do still let in heat from the

sun. Motorized shades can also be used to avoid excess gain and translucent shades may even still allow

sufficient daylight.

In cold climates with bright sunlight, insulated shutters may open during the day to allow the sun's heat in

through high-SHGC windows, but shut at night to avoid heat loss through the same windows.

When thermal comfort is a priority for shades, external shades and shutters are more useful than interior

ones, as they prevent the sun's heat from ever getting inside the room, rather than trying to reflect it back

out once it has come in.

Internal shades block some heat, but much heat is still trapped inside

External shades and shutters block heat more completely than internal ones

The Lumen Method of Lighting Design

http://aswlive.bm2.polycotassociates.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/core-page-inserted-images/shades_inside_0.jpg

http://aswlive.bm2.polycotassociates.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/core-page-inserted-images/shades_outside.jpg



The intuition of the architect alone is not sufficient to fully comprehend the interplay of light and predict

with certainty the amounts of illumination in all parts of the room. On the other hand, computational tools

available are also often insufficient in themselves to achieve "beautifully" lit buildings.

The simplest method of calculating the overall illumination level for evenly lit spaces1 is the Lumen

Method. It uses both computation and intuition and is the calculation most used by lighting engineers when

determining the number of luminaires for a given lighting level. The simple formula is as follows:

E = F / A

Where E is the average (or minimum) illumination level at the work plane (in lux), F is the useful lumen

output of all sources (lumens) and A is the total surface area of the working plane (in m²). In terms of

architectural design, solving for F allows the architect or engineer to determine the total amount of light

required in the room. This is given by rearranging the formula as follows:

F = AE

Be aware that the resulting value is not the lamp lumens, because not all of the light produced by each lamp

actually reaches the work plane. Many factors affect the amount of light reaching the work plane:

The size and proportion of the room.

The height of the light fixtures above the work plane.

The reflectance of wall and ceiling surfaces.

The nature of the light fixture and its distribution of light.

Light loss due to ageing, dust collection and yellowing.

Atmospheric particles such as smoke or dust.

Some of the most efficient fixtures in the most effective layout can result in up to 80% of the installed lamp

lumens reaching the work plane, while ineffective fixtures in a dark-colored room can result in only 2%.

Steps of the lumen method:

1. Select Required Illumination

Determine what the minimum required illumination level is for your particular application, using government

standards or green building certification systems.

2. Determine Received Flux

This is simply a matter of calculating the total surface area over which the required illuminance is to be

distributed and multiplying this by the required illumination level using the formula F = AE. This gives the

amount of "useful" light required. From this, the total installed flux can be determined.

3. Select a Light Fixture

A preliminary assessment must be made of the type of lighting required, a decision most often made as a

function of both aesthetics and economics. This fixture may prove unsuitable for the lighting task, however.

The next few steps are used to determine this.

4. Determine Mounting Height

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/light-fixtures-and-layout#1

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-light-levels

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/electric-light-sources



The distance from the source to the working plane is very important, as it is a major determinant of the final

illumination level. This is a function of the inverse square law.

5. Determine Room Index

The room index is a ratio, describing how the room's height compares to its length and width. It is given by:

Where L is the length of the room, W is its width, and Hm is the mounting height above the work plane.

6. Determine Utilization Factor (UF)

The Utilization Factor, or Coefficient of Utilization, brings together all of the variables above (reflectance of

both the walls and ceiling, the room index, and the type of luminaire) into a single value. Use tables available

from manufacturers (all architects' offices will have several) to determine the coefficient of utilization for

different light fixtures.

7. Determine Maintenance Factor (MF)

The maintenance factor is based on how often the lights are cleaned and replaced. It takes into account such

factors as decreased efficiency with age, accumulation of dust within the fitting itself and the depreciation

of reflectance as walls and ceilings age. For convenience, it is usually given as three options:

Good = 0.70

Medium = 0.65

Poor = 0.55

8. Determine Number of Fixtures

First, determine the total installed flux needed, by applying the Utilization Factor and Maintenance Factor

to the received flux. This is achieved using the following formula:

Next, determine the number of fixtures required by simply dividing the installed flux by the total output of

each light source.

9. Check Spacing of Fixtures

Once the number of fixtures is known, they must be distributed uniformly throughout the enclosure. This is

simply a matter of determining a grid based on the total number.

Finally, make sure that the fixture spacing is reasonable (not so far that light falls off, not so close that fixtures

overlap). If the fitting you chose is unsuitable, simply select a new luminaire (based on the experience gained

in this calculation) and perform steps 3-9 again.

Combining Electric Lighting With Daylighting

Generally speaking, artificial lighting systems must be designed to illuminate spaces well with no daylight at

all, because buildings are often used at night. However, they should have the flexibility to combine their

lighting with daylighting, to minimize energy use while maximizing comfort.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/sites/default/files/images/LumenMethod-RoomIndex.JPG

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/sites/default/files/images/LumenMethod-FixtureNumber.JPG



To combine electric lighting with daylighting, use lighting control systems to dim or turn off electric lights

based on available daylight. This means not only choosing good fixtures and layouts, but also good sensor

locations and control zones.

It can be used in rooms lit with a uniform array of luminaires, where the room's minimum lighting level

should not be less than 70% of the maximum level.

HEATING AND COOLING

Passive Cooling

Just like passive heating, cooling your building using passive strategies is important for reducing energy usage

in your building. Specifically, utilizing passive cooling strategies like natural ventilation, air cooling, and

shades can reduce your demand for mechanical cooling while maintaining thermal comfort.

Passive Heating

Passive heating uses the energy of the sun to keep occupants comfortable without the use of mechanical

systems. These concepts will help you design for passive heating.

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/controls-lighting-and-daylighting

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/passive-cooling-and-ventilation-0

http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/passive-heating



ONSITE RENEWABLE ENERGY

(Credit 2)

HOT WATER SYSTEM

CREDIT 5&6

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND GREEN POWER

Renewable Energy and Green Power Generating renewable energy on-site can provide a source of green power.

Green power is a subset of renewable energy and represents those renewable energy resources and technologies

that provide the highest environmental benefit. Green power is produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas,

biomass, and low-impact hydro. Green power sources produce electricity with an environmental profile superior to



conventional power technologies and produce no anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. EPA requires that green

power sources must also have been built since the beginning of the voluntary market in order to support “new”

renewable energy development (U.S. EPA, 2007e)

Figure 28 BIOGAS PLANT

Figure 29 biogas-5000-portable-biogas-analyser



EA Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management

Intent

To reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol while

minimizing direct contributions to climate change.

Solution

HVAC INVERTERS

The inverter controls the compressor speed so that the system optimizes the load distribution to

deliver the capacity needed to reach and maintain the required temperature. This technology can

lower the energy consumption for any cooling or heating application, save money and make a

contribution to a cleaner environment. These HVAC inverters are used for energy saving and

enhanced refrigeration, heating and ventilation.

Typical inverter applications:

Following are the 3 applications of inverter

1) Fans

Features:

_ Supply & extract ventilation fans

_ Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems

_ Constant Air Volume (CAV) systems

_ Cooling tower fans

_ Condenser fans

_ Boiler fans

_ Car Park ventilation fans

_ Stairway ventilation

2) Pumps

Features:

_ Chilling

_ Heating

_ Booster pump

_ Pressuration set

_ Cold and hot water pumps

_ Cooling tower pumps

_ Delta P regulation on heat exchangers

_ Swimming pool pumps

3) Compressors

Features:

_ Chilling

_ Clean air compressors

_ Gas compressors

_ Heat pumps



Our Equipment Supplier:

HONEYWELL INVERTERS

Company: Honeywell

Region: USA

SmartDrive HVAC

Key Features OF SmartDrive HVAC:

Power consumption of SmartDrive HVAC

- 160 kW in 400V ( 3~)

- 0.55 - 55 kW in 230 V ( 3~)

Power consumption of normal HVAC system is 400

kW

Models

- IP21 and IP54 enclosure classes

Features

- EMC/RFI filters for installation in public electrical

network (e.g. typical buildings) integrated as

standard (EN61800-3 category C2)

- Compliance with THD standard

- EN61000-3-12

- Multilanguage text display as standard

Important Features of SmartDrive HVAC

- Special energy saving mode to provide more savings than a standard inverter in the

market for fan and pump applications

- Built-in real-time clock with battery for time-based control and time-stamped fault

messages

- PID-controller with advanced features built-in: Sleep mode, pressure loss compensation,

pump soft fill etc.

- Additional PID-controller for controlling other devices e.g. Damper actuator

- Pump and fan cascade controller with full auto-change functionality

- High class flying start function to obtain the control of already rotating motor very fast

- Ramp time optimization -automatically avoid the pressure spikes in pipes or air ducts

that are caused by increasing or decreasing speed too rapidly.

- Smart cooling channel design to separate all electrical parts from cooling air

- Varnished boards helping to prevent damage from dirt and dust

- Electrolyte free capacitors increase the lifetime of the product

- Extensive software and hardware protection functions

- Configurable Automatic restart

- Trip-free operation with maintenance/safety switch

- Temperature-controlled fans and high switching frequency to reduce device noise

Figure 30 SmartDrive HVAC



NXL HVAC

Company: Honeywell

Region: USA

Key Features

Power consumption of NXL HVAC

- 30 kW in 400V ( 3~)

- Power consumption of normal HVAC system is 400 kW

Models

o IP21 and IP54 enclosure classes

o IP21 models EN61800-3 category C2

o IP54 models EN61800-3 category C1

Important Features of NXL HVAC

- Special energy saving mode to provide more savings than a standard inverter in the

market for fan and pump applications

- Built-in PID-controller with sleep mode for standalone applications

- Pump and fan cascade controller with full auto-change functionality

- High class flying start functionality to take control of already rotating motor

- Robust design in metal frame with cooling air completely separated from electrical

parts

- Disturbance-free operation with highest level RFI filtering


- Automatic restart for uninterruptable operation in fault situation

- Over temperature ride through to automatically adapt to short time over temperatures

- Power ride through to adapt to changes in input voltage

- Trip-free operation when maintenance/ safety switch is operated between inverter and

motor

- Temperature-controlled fans and high switching frequency to reduce the audible noise

from the device

Figure 31 NXL HVAC



SmartDrive COMPACT

Company: Honeywell

Region: USA

Key Features

- • Integrated RFI-filters

- • Flexible side by side mounting with screws or DIN-rail as standard

- • Compact size

- • Single rating suitable for both pump and fan or machine applications

- • Maximum ambient temperature 50oC; (40oC for COMP230-2P2-20 and COMP400-

5P5-20)

- • Easy to use single software package with high functionality

- • Parameter upload/download even without powering the inverter with COMP-

LOADER accessory

- • Configurable Inputs and Outputs

Power consumption of SmartDrive COMPACT

- 0.37 - 2.2 kW in 230V (1~in, 3~out)

- 0.55 - 5.5 kW in 400V (3~)

- Power consumption of normal HVAC system is 400 Kw

Important Features of SmartDrive COMPACT

- Built-in PI-controller for standalone applications

- PI-controller could also be used to control other equipment e.g., damper actuator

- Flying start functionality to take control of already rotating motor

- Varnished boards to prevent damage from dirt and dust


- Automatic reset for avoiding system stops in fault situations

- Over temperature ride-through for automatic adaption to short-term raises in ambient

temperature

- Power ride through for automatic adaptation to short-term drops in input voltage

Figure 32 SmartDrive COMPACT



MATERIAL

&

RESOURCES



MR Prerequisite 1: Storage and collection of recyclables:

Intent

To facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills.

Requirements in LEED documents for the above intent are:

Provide an easily-accessible dedicated area or areas for the collection and storage of materials for recycling for the

entire building.

Procedure being followed by us is:

As you can see the area we chose for the university is vast and is about 2 km away from the nearest locality. You can

also see there are roads which connect to our university, so our university is easily accessible for the supplier to supply

and trucks to haul the waste away to its destination.

For collection and storage of materials we are going to be make an agreement with are suppliers to fulfil our demands

on the spot which can be made on the spot , so to avoid the cost of storage and also wastage as the construction goes

on we face different problems which leads to change in plans . Thus to avoid wastage of materials we will have on the

spot demands made and then delivery. But still we have storage facilities for materials which cannot be delivered on

the spot made about 0.2 km away from the constructions site. For catering the wastage of such material we will include

in our agreement with the supplier to use them in the manufacturing process again this will reduce the wastage and

cost both. This will also divert the construction and demolition debris from being land filled or incinerated.

MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management:

Intent

To divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills and incineration facilities. Redirect recyclable

recovered resources back to the manufacturing process and reusable materials to appropriate sites.

Procedure followed by us:

The above procedure mentioned Storage and collection of recyclables in also fulfils our construction waste

management criteria too for construction waste management we are also going to follow the procedure of composting

of organic materials which are not worth being reused instead of land filling the organic products.

MR Credit 3: Materials Reuse:

Intent

To reuse building materials and products to reduce demand for virgin materials and reduce waste, thereby lessening

impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources


Thus to avoid wastage of materials we will have on the spot demands made and then delivery. But still we have storage

facilities made 0.2 km away from the construction site for materials which cannot be delivered on the spot. For



catering the wastage of such material we will include in our agreement with the supplier to use them in the

manufacturing process again for us to reuse the wasted material this will reduce the wastage and cost both.

MR Credit 4: Recycled Content: 1–2 Points Intent To increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, thereby reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of virgin materials.

WHAT WE DID:

We used corncob ash as a fine aggregate in light weight concrete for use in non-structural members. i.e. walls

CORNCOB PRODUCTION IN SAUDI ARABIA:

Corn is an important seasonal agriculture crop in the Kingdom and many residents are fond of eating

whole corncobs after heating them on hot coal or boiling them in water.

Corn is widely harvested in Jazan and Hail provinces, which are famous for agricultural products.

The product is also harvested in Sakaka, Jouf and Al-Hasa, but the highest quality corn is known to be

produced only in Jazan and Hail. (http://www.arabnews.com/news/486706)

Although it is grown mainly in wet, hot climates, it has been said to thrive in cold, hot, dry or wet conditions,

meaning that it is an extremely versatile crop. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize)

How We will use it: (Preparation method)

Sample preparation and test equipment

Design of a High Strength (Grade 35Mpa) Concrete Using Corn Cob Ash as fine aggregate.

The specific gravity of the corn cob ash was a requirement to designing a high strength concrete. So the

specific gravity of the corn cob ash was determined by weighing a sample of the dry corn cob ash and

equivalent volume of water sample. The ratio of the weight of the corn cob ash sample to the weight of

equivalent water sample gives the specific gravity of the corn cob ash. American concrete Institute Method

of Mix Design was used to design the grade 35 concrete using corn cob ash as a partial replacement for

cement. The mixes designed are listed as follows:

Batching of designed Grade 35 MPa concrete:

CONTROL : CCA CONCRETE

Ash Content (kg) 0 : 0.8

Cement Content (kg) 8 : 7.2

Fine Aggregate (kg) 18.16 : 16.96

Coarse Aggregate (kg) 21.04 : 21.04

Water/Cement Ratio (litres) 0.6 : 0.6

http://www.arabnews.com/news/486706



RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

1) Concrete batching by volume of mix 1:2:4

CORN COB ASH CONTENTS:

Physical/Mechanical Properties

It was observed that the specimens were dark colored with increasing percentage of corn cob ash, and

setting time and water absorption took much longer in concretes with the ash content than the ones without

the ash. The results generally revealed that that density increased as curing age increased and decreased

with respect to increasing percentage of corn cob ash replacement in concrete samples. Results revealed an

increase in the characteristic strength of concrete cubes as per curing age and decreased as per ash content.

The results also revealed that at 10% ash, compressive strength at 28days was 20N/mm² which was less than

the control whose value of 24.69 N/mm² falls just below the designed 25 N/mm². However, an important

pozzolan characteristic is the slow development of strength which implies that 10% corn cob ash concrete

might develop the required strength over a longer period of time.

2) Corncob Ash as a High Strength concrete:

The physical properties of the high strength concrete were the same as the ones observed in the previous

specimens except for the reduced workability and the specific gravity of the ash was 1.15. Results showed

varying values of density of the designed grade 35 concrete, unlike the grade 25 concrete that increased with

curing age. Results also revealed an increase in compressive strength with curing age; while the compressive

strength at 28days was 29.11N/mm² which was less than the control whose value of 34.00 N/mm² falls just

below the designed 35 N/mm². However, it is assumed that a reduced water/cementitious material ratio,

will enhance the strength of concrete and as stated earlier, an important pozzolan characteristic is the slow

development of strength which implies that 10% corn cob ash concrete might develop the required strength

over a longer period of time.

Table 1. Chemical composition of corn cob ash (CCA)

Chemical Constituents Composition (%)

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 2 Average

SiO2 67.33 65.39 66.41 66.38

Al2O3 7.34 9.14 5.97 7.48

Fe2O3 3.74 5.61 3.97 4.44

CaO 10.29 12.89 11.53 11.57

MgO 1.82 2.33 2.02 2.06

SO3 1.11 1.10 1.01 1.07

Na2O 0.39 0.48 0.36 0.41

K2O 4.20 4.92 5.64 4.92

S1O2 + Al2O3 74.67 74.53 72.38 73.86



REFERENCES:


“CORN COB LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE FOR NON-STRUCTURAL

APPLICATIONS” BY Jorge Pinto, 2012

MR Credit 5: Regional Materials:

1-2 Points

Intent

To increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation.

Procedure opted by us:

We are using local materials for our construction their sources are mentioned below:

The innovation we are using in case of materials is corncob ash as fine aggregate in concrete and its

source is:

Ash from rice husk from rice fields , saw dust ash from nearby places and

ash from nearby incerators

Waste Of Corn i.e corncob from corn fields near the university

will be transported to the construction site on trucks.

Ash also transported from its respected source.

Corncob Ash

Concrete




OUR SOURCE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS:

Batterjee Holding

Meister Construction Materials

Country/Region:

Saudi Arabia(Riyadh)

Main Products:

Construction Chemicals, Structural Steel, Recycled Base Oil, Equipments for special Needs, Juices

No.Of Employees:

Above 1000 People

Annual Sales Vol:

Above US$100 Million

As most of the materials being used are present locally so we are fulfilling are LEED requirement with ease.

MR Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials:

1 Point

Intent

To reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials and long-cycle renewable materials by replacing them with

rapidly renewable materials.

Procedure we opted is:

As we are using corncob and ash aggregate in our concrete, both the materials are renewable and are considered as

wastage, and also they are rapidly available again as both have short production cycles

MR Credit 7: Certified Wood:

Intent:

To encourage environmentally responsible forest management


http://www.alibaba.com/member/sa105644875/company_profile.html#top-nav-bar

http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Meister-strong-Construction-strong-strong-Materials_124555354.html



Figure 33 THE LINES COLOURED PURPLE ARE SHOWING THE USE OF

CORNCOB ASH CONCRETE IN NON-STRUCTURAL WALLS



INDOOR

ENVIRONMENT

QUALITY



Prerequisite 1: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance Required Intent To establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to enhance indoor air quality in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well-being of the occupants.

Requirements: ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, Paragraph 5.1

Location and Size of Openings. Naturally ventilated spaces shall be permanently open to and within

8 m (25 ft) of operable wall or roof openings to the outdoors, the openable area of which is a

minimum of 4% of the net occupiable floor area. Where openings are covered with louvers or

otherwise obstructed, openable area shall be based on the free unobstructed area through the

opening. Where interior spaces without direct openings to the outdoors are ventilated through

adjoining rooms, the opening between rooms shall be permanently unobstructed and have a free

area of not less than 8% of the area of the interior room nor less than 25 ft2 (2.3 m2).

5.1.2 Control and Accessibility. The means to open required operable openings shall be readily

accessible to building occupants whenever the space is occupied.

How much CO2 is too much?

Current ventilation guidelines, such as those from the American Society of Heating Refrigerating,

and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), recommend that indoor CO2 levels not exceed the local

outdoor concentration by more than about 650 ppm. Good practice indicates that the ASHRAE

Standard 62.1 target CO2 level in indoor air is about 1,030 ppm, as follows:

380 ppm CO2 typically found in OSA

+ 650 ppm CO2 (ASHRAE target maximum level)

–––––––––––––––––––––––

= 1,030 ppm CO2 (ASHRAE maximum recommended indoor level of CO2)

Atlas 4 - 2 Room CO2 Monitor Controller

594 dollar

The Atlas 4 controls and monitors CO2 in (2) two areas from 400 to 5000 parts per million (PPM). It comes with two (2) remote

room sensors and 25 foot cables (included), and has integrated 24 hour data logging feature built-in. Special operating mode to

run two rooms with only one CO2 generator! Easy to operate and fun to use, the Atlas 4 goes the distance!

Controls and monitors CO2 in (2) two rooms from 400 to 5000 parts per million (PPM).

Two (2) remote room sensors with 25 foot cables (included).

Can control both bottled CO2 tanks and CO2 generators!



Integrated 24 hour data logging feature built-in.

Special operating mode to run two rooms with only one CO2 generator.

Easy to use and simple to operate

Doses each room at different PPM settings, if required

10 Amps/120 Volts/60 Hz.

3 year warranty.

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Prerequisite Intent To prevent or minimize exposure of building occupants, indoor surfaces and ventilation air distribution systems to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) ACTIONS WE IMPOSED:

Prohibit smoking in all common areas of the building.

Locate any exterior designated smoking areas, including balconies where smoking is permitted, at least 25 feet from entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows opening to common areas.

Prohibit on-property smoking within 25 feet of entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows.

Provide signage to allow smoking in designated areas, prohibit smoking in designated areas or prohibit smoking on the entire property.

IEQ Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1 Point Intent

To provide capacity for ventilation system monitoring to help promote occupant comfort and well-

being.

Particulate Matter Removal. Particulate matter filters or air cleaners having a minimum

efficiency reporting value (MERV) of not less than 6 when rated in accordance with

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.215 shall be provided upstream of all cooling coils or other

devices with wetted surfaces through which air is supplied to an occupiable space.

Minimum efficiency reporting value, commonly known as MERV rating, is a measurement scale

designed in 1987 by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

Engineers (ASHRAE) to rate the effectiveness of air filters. The scale "represents a quantum leap

in the precision and accuracy of air-cleaner ratings"[1] and allows for improved health, reduced cost

and energy efficiency in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) design

The scale is designed to represent the worst case performance of a filter when dealing with particles in the range of 0.3 to 10 micrometres. The MERV rating is from 1 to 16. Higher MERV ratings correspond to a greater percentage of particles captured on each pass, with a MERV 16 filter capturing more than 95% of particles over the full range.

Below is a table grouping MERV ratings by particle size:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Heating,_Refrigerating_and_Air-Conditioning_Engineers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Heating,_Refrigerating_and_Air-Conditioning_Engineers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_efficiency_reporting_value#cite_note-Wilkinson-1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometer



MERV Min.

particle

size

Typical controlled contaminant [2] Typical Application [2]

1–4 > 10.0 μm Pollen, dust mites, cockroach debris, sanding dust,

spray paint dust, textile fibers, carpet fibers

Residential window AC units

5–8[3] 10.0–3.0

μm

Mold, spores, dust mite debris, cat and dog dander,

hair spray, fabric protector, dusting aids, pudding mix

Better residential, general

commercial, industrial

workspaces

9–12 3.0–1.0

μm

Legionella, Humidifier dust, Lead dust, Milled flour,

Auto emission particulates, Nebulizer droplets

Superior residential, better

commercial, hospital

laboratories

13–16 1.0–0.3

μm

Bacteria, droplet nuclei (sneeze), cooking oil, most

smoke and insecticide dust, most face powder, most

paint pigments

hospital & general surgery

F150E1000 16X20 - Price $210.37

F150E1026 16X25 - Price $210.37

F150E1018 20X20 - Price $210.37

F150E1034 20X25 - Price $210.37

The F200 Cartridge Style Media Air Cleaner captures a significant amount of the airborne particles, 0.3 microns

and larger from the air circulated through the unit.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_efficiency_reporting_value#cite_note-epa-2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_efficiency_reporting_value#cite_note-epa-2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_efficiency_reporting_value#cite_note-3



Free Airwatch

Wireless Filter

Change Reminder

Included!

Features

Includes free wireless, microprocessor based, Airwatch™ filter change reminder.

Upgradeable to higher efficiency F50 Electronic Air Cleaner due to common size cabinet design.

Available in 4 common sizes: 16 x 20, 20 x 20, 16 x 25, and 20 x 25.

5 year limited warranty.

Applicable to all gas, oil, and electric forced warm air furnaces.

Mounts in the return air duct.

Cabinet can support weight of residential furnace and evaporator coil.

Requires no electrical connections.

Mounts in any position.

Requires no maintenance except periodic media filter replacement.

Media filter is easily replaced by homeowner.

Later upgrade to F50 or F300 Electronic Air Cleaner is easy.

Efficiency Ratings: Based on American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

Standard 52.2-1999.

Fractional Efficiency: 15% (0.3 micron particles).

Minimum Efficiency Reporting Valve (MERV): 8 at 492 fpm.

Enviracaire Elite brand, new look and colours.

5 year limited warranty.

Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan—During Construction 1 Point Intent To reduce indoor air quality (IAQ) problems resulting from construction or renovation and promote the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants.



What In The World Is “Make-Up Air”? A lot of our products have “make-up air” in the title and we realize not a lot of people may fully understand what this means. So, here’s the best way we see to explain it!

To put it simply, make-up air is air we take from outside, heat up and then distribute inside evenly. This “new” or

“made-up” air replaces the air that is exhausted. The new air is fresh and drier, which provides the ability to absorb any moisture as well as to ventilate the fumes from the construction process. This means cleaner, drier air inside so the moisture is less likely to build up indoors and is also less likely to create a potential for mold.

When doing construction, a lot of exhaust gases, paint, adhesives, etc. are used throughout the process. This means that the air inside is going to become pretty contaminated. When air becomes contaminated, the potential for

mold, build-up of moisture and other harmful things become possible. In order to prevent these from happening, simple solutions like make-up air can help do the trick. These heaters allow controlled amounts of tempered air from the outside to come in and replace that exhausted air.

That’s it, in a nutshell! Now, we’re out of here to go enjoy some fresh air outside!

make-up air cost calculator

Using this calculator constitutes acceptance of Terms of Use.

Click here for Terms of Use

Enter data in the blue highlighted values only.

CFM of Exhaust/Make-up Air 1500

Hours of Operation per Week 120

Average Winter Temperature 38

Desired Discharge Temperature/Space Temperature 65

Cost per therm 1.35

Efficiency of Existing Heating System 55%

Efficiency of Energy Recovery Module (ERM) 60%

Temperature of Exhaust Air 70

http://temp-air.blogspot.com/2012/06/what-in-world-is-make-up-air.html

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_OdPNMaxFZI/T-OLeaQhGBI/AAAAAAAAAC0/fvVoDRKNOm0/s1600/Make-Up+Air.jpg



Estimated Annual Cost of Heating Make-up Air with Existing System $

3,904

Estimated Annual Cost of Heating Make-up Air with Direct Fire and no ERM $

2,147

Estimated Annual Cost of Heating Make-up Air with Direct-Fire and ERM $

620

Total Savings of Direct-Fire with ERM vs. Existing System $

3,283

NOTES:

Roughly 5088 hours or 30 weeks in heating season.

https://www.google.com.pk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=8&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CFAQFjAH&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rapidengineering.com%2Fhvac%2Fenergy_recovery%2F2012-Energy-Recovery-

Calculator.xls&ei=Cgh2U62LD6yd0wWjtIHoDw&usg=AFQjCNF7xzHkEZWsG_DU18-sVK3nfntGTA

Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan—Before Occupancy 1 Point Intent To reduce indoor air quality (IAQ) problems resulting from construction or renovation to promote the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants. After construction ends, prior to occupancy and with all interior finishes installed, install new filtration media and, perform a building flush-out by supplying a total air volume of 14,000 cubic feet of outdoor air per square foot of floor area while maintaining an internal temperature of at least 60° F and relative humidity no higher than 60%.

Building Flush-out Introduction

Flush-out is a process used to remove indoor air pollutants like volatile organic compounds (emitted from adhesives,

paint carpet, furnishings etc.) from a building by operating the buildings HVAC system at 100 percent outside air for a

specific period of time. Mostly, such a flush-out is required in newly constructed, renovated or remodelled buildings.

Brief Description

A building flush out is an important step in finalizing a project. It typically lasts between 3 to 30 days depending on the

building material and furnishings, allowing the majority of pollutants to be removed from the building prior to occupancy.

The minimum recommended flush-out period is 7 days; it should be completed prior to occupancy and after all finishings

are installed.

Optimally a building flush-out begins as soon as HVAC systems are operational and extends through the end of

construction, furniture installation, and the first few days of occupancy. The HVAC system should be run continuously,

24 hours a day, with 100% outside air (no return air should be re-circulated into the building). Outdoor air is to be

thermally conditioned as needed to maintain normal indoor temperatures. In humid climates, it is important to avoid

introducing significant amounts of moisture during the flush-out period. Temporary construction filters should be installed

in the air handlers during the construction period and through the duration of the flush-out. These filters must be replaced

after the flush-out is completed.

https://www.google.com.pk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=8&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CFAQFjAH&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rapidengineering.com%2Fhvac%2Fenergy_recovery%2F2012-Energy-Recovery-Calculator.xls&ei=Cgh2U62LD6yd0wWjtIHoDw&usg=AFQjCNF7xzHkEZWsG_DU18-sVK3nfntGTA





In fact, for LEED projects, a building flush-out can be performed to earn credit for a Construction Indoor Air Quality

(IAQ) Management Plan.

LEED: Building flush-out

Consider a building flush-out period to reduce possible indoor air quality contamination after construction completion and

prior to occupancy. This involves running the mechanical system with tempered 100% outside air for an extended period of

time (two weeks). After conducting the minimum two-week building flush-out with new Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) 13

filtration media at 100% outside air, new MERV 13 filters must be replaced in all locations except those that have been

processing only outside air during the flush-out

Cost

There are costs associated with building flush outs: construction management, electricity use, and lost revenue from delayed

occupancy. That being said, the avoidance of illness within the building can offset these costs. Incorporating the flush out as

part of the overall building schedule can avoid delays and minimize extra costs.it is calculated after completion

IE Q Credit 4.2: Low-Emitting Materials—Paints and Coatings 1 Point Intent To reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occupants.

Standard comply with Green Seal Standard GS-11, Paints, 1st Edition, May 20, 1993.

http://virtualcx.com/cxblog/2008/1/10/leed-building-flush-out.html



Al-Jazeera Factory

for Paints Co.

Al-Jazeera Eggshell

http://www.al-jazeerapaints.com/Paint Calculator Low-Emitting Materials—Flooring Systems 1 Point Intent To reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occupants.

Standard. Comply with FloorScore2 standard

Affiliates

Lonseal values the business relationships we've forged over the years.

FloorScore® www.rfci.com

Greenguard Environmental Institute www.greenguard.org

USGBC www.usgbc.org

Vinyl Institute www.vinylinfo.org

AEC Daily www.aecdaily.com/sponsor/lonseal

Vinyl News Service www.vinylnewsservice.net

IIDA www.iida.org

CHPS www.chps.net

Samples & Pricing:[email protected]

http://www.lonseal.com/greenvinyl.cfm

With bold and smooth patterns and colorways that complement the market, Lonseal's range of

high performance sheet vinyl is a great solution in corporate and education environments.

http://www.al-jazeerapaints.com/

http://www.al-jazeerapaints.com/

http://www.rfci.com/

http://www.greenguard.org/

http://www.usgbc.org/

http://www.vinylinfo.org/

http://www.aecdaily.com/sponsor/lonseal

http://www.vinylnewsservice.net/

http://www.iida.org/

http://www.chps.net/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.lonseal.com/greenvinyl.cfm



Office and education attributes include:

Sound absorbing, skid-resistant construction excellent for high traffic

Applicable to LEED MR 4.1 and 4.2

CHPS approved

GreenMedic™ anti-microbial properties

Available in colorways that encourage development and learning

Foam-backed products available to reduce injury

Ease of maintenance

KITCHEN FLOORING:

MATERIAL: LONECO® Topseal

FEATURES: As Lonseal's foremost eco-friendly product,Loneco® is composed of 50% recycled content and features Lonseal's exclusive GreenAir™ technology that reduces VOC emissions and contributes to superior indoor air quality. Additionally, Loneco®'s organic and earthy colors easily conceal scuffing and soil. 50% recycled content; LEED MR 4.1, 4.2; GreenAir™ formulated.

OUTDOOR FLOORING :

MATERIAL : LONDECK SIERRA

FEATURES: LONDECK SIERRA features a unique crevassed texture and comes in six earthy tones. It is part of Lonseal's Londeck series of resilient exterior sheet vinyl with slightly embossed surfaces that withstand high volumes of pedestrian traffic and weather-wear. Because of its versatility, Londeck has been utilized in spaces such as pools, hotel and condo decks, and stairways.

BATHROOM FLOORING :

MATERIAL: LONWOOD NATURAL Topseal

FEATURES: Lonwood Natural pairs the timeless aesthetics of wood with the benefits of high-performance sheet vinyl in colors that range from earthy to quirky. Its soft grain patterning and smooth surface make Lonwood Natural ideal for those who want the warmth of wood with easier maintenance. 40% recycled content; LEED MR 4.1, 4.2; GreenAir™ formulated; Microbial resistance formulation.

INDOOR FLOORING:

MATERIAL: LONWOOD DAKOTA Topseal

FEATURES: Lonwood Dakota is a slightly textured sheet that evokes the open grain of oak and the nuance of knot-free, quarter-sawn plank. It coordinates beautifully with our Loneco® and Lonfloor Plain collections. Ideal for corporate, healthcare, retail and hospitality applications. Up to 40% recycled content; LEED MR 4.1, 4.2; GreenAir" formulated; Microbial resistance formulation.

Figure 34 SEA COACHINGS

Figure 36 SUMMER NIGHT

Figure 37 HONEY CAKES

Figure 35 TITANIUM



THE END

Sustainable Modifications and Innovations using LEED of a Women University in Al-Dilam, K.S.A

Engineering

Transcript of Sustainable Modifications and Innovations using LEED of a Women University in Al-Dilam, K.S.A