C1: Engineering Approaches

Sustainable Manufacturing

At the Forefront: Manufacturing and Product DesignWhy? Energy usage, oil usage, depletes

natural resources, generates by-product waste, hazardous material, genetic engineering.

Beyond quality control ISO 9000We all like new products and ones that make

our life better or more convenient.Are we willing to change in terms of

expectations?

Innovation is the KeyBenefits of Designing for the Environment:

Reduce strains on natural environmentLongevity of raw materialsReduce waste to landfill

Sustainable EngineeringDesign for the Environment

Innovation designed for the environmentSustainable Manufacturing

Lean manufacturing with environmental stewardship

Reduces water, energy, waste through design – usage – end of life

No longer will design for recyclability but reusability

StrategiesProduct Design:

Redesigning with the Whole Life Cycle in Mind: The Evolution of Product Design & Composition at Levi Strauss & Co. | Sustainable BrandsDesign for Environment: reduce environmental

impacts of a product in production and end use. Less material Less energy Different product altogether Less/eliminate chemicals Durability and longevity

Designing for disassemblyDesigning for end of lifeEasily disassembled or reused

Benefits to ManufacturersImprove efficiency, not just quality controlSave energyImprove product reliabilityReduce hazardous waste materialEliminate waste to zero wasteLose customers if not sustainableAvoid bad pressShut out of entire marketsPressure from customers, NGO’s

Grey/Black List, No Not “A” ListGrey list: countries phasing out chemicalsBlack list: chemicals not permitted at all

Carcinogen – cancerTeratogen –birth defectsEndocrine disruptor – mimics hormonesMutagen – mutates genetic codeBioaccumlative toxin – remains in body tissue

Sony Playstation banned in EU due to cadmium (RoHS)

RoHSEuropean Union’s Restriction of

Hazardous Substances Directive or RoHSEffective on July 1, 2006Restricts the use of certain materials

LeadMercuryCadmiumhexavalent chromiumbromine-containing flame retardants:

PBB (polybrominated biphenyls) PBDE (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) -- in electrical

and electronic products.

Zero WasteThe quality movement created Zero DefectThus, Zero Waste

Drives innovation and efficiencyIt does not mean zero by-productsYou find markets for your unused material“Zero Waste to Landfill” for solid wasteAlso focus on emissions/energy/air pollution

waste reduction You paid for it, don’t waste it. Sell it.

Zero Waste Strategy

Biomimicry ExampleStartup Calera: mimics coral to extract CO2 f

rom industrial emissions and bubbles through sea water to manufacture cement

Biomimicry

Janine Benyus: 2009 speechAsk Nature - the Biomimicry Design Portal