Sustainable management of the World Heritage Site, Bryggen. hydrogeologi... · Title: Sustainable...

Sustainable management of the World Heritage Site, Bryggen

Foto: Elin Rotevatn Riksantikvaren

Ann Christensson, Rory Dunlop, Hans de Beer, Henning Matthiesen Copyright: Riksantikvaren

Cultural heritage is a non-renewable resource One of the two giant Buddhas of Bamiyan Valley, Afghanistan. The statues were carved into sandstone cliffs in the 6th Century AD and blown up by the Taliban in 2001.

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Foto: cosmosplasma.tumblr.com

Copyright: Riksantikvaren Side 2

The modern heroes of Abu Simbel are the UNESCO engineers who, in the 1960's, moved the entire temple to higher ground to avoid the rising waters of Lake Nassar, created by the New Aswan Dam. So if you can’t get the environment to fit the cultural heritage, you have to make the cultural heritage suit the environment. However, even though the monuments themselves have been saved, their original context has been lost.

Foto: www.egyptartsite.com/dome.html


World Heritage City Venice - Endangered because of rising sea-level

Foto: www.boston.com


In the 1990’s and 2000’s, in-situ preservation was the key concept. Today, authorities once again view archaeological excavation and recording as an acceptable alternative method of preservation – but all would agree on the need to preserve the largest possible volume of the deposits. We therefore need to be sure that they actually can be preserved in situ, and we have learned that at sites like Bryggen the most important factor in the preservation of organic deposits is the presence of groundwater

Norway has ratified several international charters concerning the protection of

cultural heritage


The protection of the archaeological heritage must

be based on effective collaboration between

professionals from many disciplines


http://www.ngu.no/index.asp�

Bryggen is a UNESCO world heritage site

• The entire site – both the standing buildings and the underlying deposits – is protected under the provisions of the Cultural Heritage Act

• The area is also covered by a special preservation order, which is incorporated into the municipal zoning plan


The problem at Bryggen is that when the water-table is lowered, the organic deposits decompose

and the historic buildings settle

Copyright Riksantikvaren


The groundwater project’s objectives:

• To re-establish the original balance (i.e., prior to the construction of the hotel) as far as possible

• To implement sustainable surface-water systems and management

• To keep physical intervention in the protected deposits to a bare minimum


In the area between the old and the new buildings, we find considerable on-going settling due to loss of groundwater. The uppermost medieval layers

are at risk.

Tegning: Elin Jensen, copyright Riksantikvaren


Annual rate of settling of buildings and ground surface, and lowering of water-table,

northern part of Bryggen

Tegninger: Multiconsult


Section through test-pit, Northern Bredsgården tenement. Organic layers are still present in the unsaturated zone.

Copyright Riksantikvaren


Saving Venice from flooding will cost €3.5 billion

http://www.telegraph.co.uk


Bryggen costs: a one-time investment of €6 million

for safeguarding the deposits, and €3-4 million annually for building restoration

Foto: Elin Rotevatn © Riksantikvaren


Monitoring work at Bryggen produces millions of bits of data, and these are of course very important for showing us if we are on the right or the wrong track. But the real measure of our success at Bryggen will be when we see that we have achieved a settling rate of 1 millimeter or less per year.


Sustainable management of the World Heritage Site, Bryggen. hydrogeologi... · Title: Sustainable...

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