Session 2. Thilsted - Infant Food Development from Small Dried Fish
Sustainable Fish Production and Management to Meet the Requirements for Nutrient-rich Small Fish in...
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Transcript of Sustainable Fish Production and Management to Meet the Requirements for Nutrient-rich Small Fish in...
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M A Wahab, S H Thilsted & A Milstein
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outlines
• small fish resources• current practices in aquaculture • small fish & importance• pro-poor technologies• habits suitable for small fishes• challenges of access to nutrient-rich small fish• suggestions for nutrient-rich fish production
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Bangladesh, within the delta of three large rivers - the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna, enjoys sub-tropical climate
Rich in aquatic biodiversity
The inland fishery of Bangladesh ranks 3rd largest in Asia after China and India
Fish production in Bangladesh has reached 3.26 million mt
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Order Family Genus Species
Anguiliformes 5 6 8
Osteoglossiformes 1 2 2
Elopiformes 1 1 1
Clupeiformes 3 12 17
Cypriniformes 4 35 87
Siluriformes 13 36 59
Cyprinodontiformes 1 1 1
Syngnathiformes 1 2 3
Synbranchiformes 2 4 6
Perciformes 14 46 61
Beloniformes 3 5 7
Pleuronectiformes 3 4 7
Tetraodontiformes 1 2 3
Total = 13 52 156 262
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major carpsmajor carps – rohu, catla, mrigal – rohu, catla, mrigal
exotic carpsexotic carps – common (koi), silver, bighead, grass – common (koi), silver, bighead, grass
catfish catfish - thai pangus (E), magur, shing- thai pangus (E), magur, shing
barbs barbs – thai silver barb (E)– thai silver barb (E)
perchperch – thai koi (E) – thai koi (E)
crustaceancrustacean – shrimp, prawn – shrimp, prawn
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Carp polyculture Carp polyculture with f/w prawn Integrated rice – fish / f/w prawnCulture of Thai pangas Tilapia Culture Cage and pen cultureAir-breathing fish culture (catfish & Koi)Shrimp and f/w prawn culture
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Only fewer species cultured Fish meal required in fish feed May affect environment Invasive exotics? HH nutrition often ignored Malnutrition severe among young children& women
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Focus on nutrient - rich fish production
Screen out all fish for higher nutrient contents
Include nutrient-rich small fish in polyculture
Develop pro-poor technologies to ensure HH nutrition
Increase consumption of small fish by women & young children
Build awareness & advocacy for conservation of biodiversity
Promote community based management & stock enhancement
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provide food, nutrition and income to rural people & fishermen
high nutritional value- rich in vitamin A, calcium, iron & zinc
self recruit species, breeds several times in a year- no hatchery
suitable for polyculture with carps & f/w prawn in ponds/rice-fields
forage on natural food-suitable for green water aquaculture
effective in reducing malnutrition in women & young children
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Thilsted et al. 1997Thilsted et al. 1997
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Loss of natural habitats Over-exploitation Use of monofilament nets (current jal) Water abstraction for irrigation Excess application of agro-chemicals Pollution from industrial effluents Outbreaks of ulcer diseases Siltation of rivers & natural water-bodies
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To restore fish habitats
To establish of fish sanctuaries in rivers/beels/haors
To establish of fish pass, FFS to allow free movement
To stock floodplains & natural water-bodies with nutrient-rich fish
To promote CBFM & develop policy support
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Re-excavation of silted haor, baor, beels and scour holes in the rivers
Provision of patchy growth of aquatic vascular plants in the natural water bodies
Creation of micro-habitats – species specific eg., bamboo pieces for eels and catfishes
Re-plantation of flood tolerant trees like – hizol, koroch, tomal, sheora, swamp forest & reeds along the edges of water-bodies
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Carp-mola polyculture
Mola-punti-carp polyculture
Carp-prawn-mola culture
Carp-mola-prawn culture in rice fields (concurrent & rotational)
Improved mola processing and cooking
Dried and canned value-added mola
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Repeated partial Repeated partial harvesting of small fishharvesting of small fish
Mola 12,500 ha-1
Punti 12,500 ha-1
Rohu 3,300 ha-1
Catla 3,300 ha-1
Common carp 3,400 ha-1
Silver carp 300 ha-1
SIS production 400 kg ha-1 yr-1
Large fish production 2600 kg ha-1 yr-1
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Freshwater prawn, 20,000 ha-1
Catla 2,500 ha-1
Mola 20,000 ha-1
All male prawn grow better
concurrent rice-fish culture systems
Production 3,240 kg ha-1 yr-1
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Freshwater prawn, 20,000 ha-1
Catla - 1,750 ha-1
Rohu - 1,750 ha-1
Mola - 20,000 ha-1
All male prawn grow better
alternate rice - fish culture systems
Production 4,280 kg ha-1 yr-1
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Small fish exerts no negative impacts on carps in polyculture
Partial harvesting of SIS at regular intervals increase total yield
Ponds & ponds connected to rice-fields are suitable for mola, punti & darkina
In rotation with rice 4,280 kg/ha/8 mo in catla- prawn- mola
Mola consumption increased if added in HH ponds
Extension agencies of GO and NGOs are promoting small fish
Quality dried & canned pickle mola can be produced
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Major challenges for sustainable production
to meet the need for micronutrient-rich small fish:• Inadequate knowledge on the nutrient contents fishes• Insufficient knowledge on small biology• Shortage of quality seed for aquaculture & stocking• Land and water use conflicts• Excess use of agro-chemicals crop fields• Weakness in the implementation of fish act• Lack of alternative income generation for the fishermen• Lack of awareness among various stakeholders, and • Uncertainty of climate changes
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all rural HH ponds to be stocked with small fish along with carps
small HH ponds to be connected with adjacent rice-fields
rice-fish with crop rotation or concurrent methods to be adopted
1 m water to be kept in dry season in beels & similar water-bodies
mola, dhela, darkina and nutrient-rich small fish to be restocked
partial harvest of SIS helps increased production & consumption
carp-mola, cap-mola-prawn in ponds or rice-field connected to be disseminated
training programs for all GO and NGO extension officials needed
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Mostafa A R Hossain
Nanna Roos
M. Enamul Hoq
DANIDA
USAID – CDR
WorldFish
Thank you allThank you all