Sustainable Development in the Lead Acid Battery and Used...
Transcript of Sustainable Development in the Lead Acid Battery and Used...
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Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions
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Seminar on the Environmentally Sound
Management Of Used Lead Acid Batteries
(ULAB) In The ECOWAS Region
Dakar, Senegal
14-16 December 2016
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Environmentally Sound Used Lead Acid
Battery Recycling:
“Risks, Mitigation and Opportunities”
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Brian Wilson
International Lead Association
Environmentally Sound Used Lead Acid
Battery Recycling:
“Risks, Mitigation and Opportunities”
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A Sustainable Responsiustry
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Sustainable with ESM and Profits
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Sustainable with ESM and Profits Environmentally Sound Management:
• Protection of:
human health & the environment
• Advocates -“integrated Life Cycle Approach”
control at every stage of manufacturing –
use- recycling or disposal………
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Closed Loop
Batteries are
delivered to
the retailers
New batteries
are sold &
ULAB returned
ULAB are collected
and delivered to
the recycler
ULAB are recycled
& components used
to produce LAB
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The ESM of ULAB Key Steps:
1. ULAB Collection, Packaging & Transport
2. Drain the acid and treat it for disposal
3. Separate the organic and non-organics
4. Smelt the Pb grids, terminals and paste
5. Refine the Pb bullion
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The ESM of ULAB ULAB
COLLECTION ULAB
TRANSPORTATION ULAB
RECEPTION
ULAB BREAKING/SAW
SMELTING REFINING
ACID PLASTIC FUME SLAG LEAD DROSS
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The ESM of ULAB
Current Technologies Used to Recycle ULAB
Rotary Furnace
Blast Furnace
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The ESM of ULAB
Current Technologies Used to Recycle ULAB
Rotary Furnace
Blast Furnace
Ausmelt / IsaSmelt
Bottom Blown
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The ESM of ULAB
Key Steps in ULAB Recovery and Recycling
1. ULAB Collection, Packaging & Transport
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ULAB Packaging
ULAB Sorted by Size
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ULAB Unsorted & No Packaging
Central America
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Leaking ULAB
Central America
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ULAB Packaging
Plastic Leak Proof Container
UN Certified
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ULAB Packaging
Shrink Wrapped and Banded
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ULAB Transportation
Dedicated Truck with Decals
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The ESM of ULAB
Key Steps in ULAB Recovery and Recycling
1. ULAB Collection, Packaging & Transport
2. Drain the acid & treat for disposal/reuse
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Untreated Effluent
Damanganga River
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Electrolyte Containment
Containment and Evaporation
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Electrolyte Refurbishment
Refurbished for Re-Use
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Electrolyte Refurbishment
Refurbished for Re-Use
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Electrolyte Neutralization
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Electrolyte Neutralization
Chemical Equations for Acid Neutralization
H2SO4 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2H2O
H2SO4 + Na2CO3 = Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4 .2 H2O….
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Electrolyte Neutralization
Chemical Equations for Acid Neutralization
H2SO4 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2H2O
H2SO4 + Na2CO3 = Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4 .2 H2O….
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Electrolyte Neutralization
Chemical Equations for Acid Neutralization
H2SO4 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2H2O
H2SO4 + Na2CO3 = Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4 .2 H2O….
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Gypsum Production
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Gypsum Production
Pb Metals – Costa Rica
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Gypsum Production
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Gypsum Production
MAC - Colombia
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Gypsum Production
Gypsum Wall Boarding
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The ESM of ULAB
Key Steps in ULAB Recovery and Recycling
1. ULAB Collection, Packaging & Transport
2. Drain the acid & treat for disposal/reuse
3. Separate the organic and non-organics
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Dioxins and Furans
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CARBON OXYGEN
CHLORINE
2,3,7,8 –tetrachlorobibenzo-ρ-dioxin
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2,3,7,8 –tetrachlorobibenzofuran
CARBON OXYGEN
CHLORINE
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CARBON OXYGEN
CHLORINE
Dioxins and Furans
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Battery Breaker
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Battery Breaker
Pb Metals – Costa Rica
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Battery Breaker
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Battery Saw
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Battery Saw
EcoGlobal – The Philippines
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Battery Saw
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Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
SO2 – Contributes to Acid Rain
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De-Sulfurization
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Three Options:
• Before Smelting
• During Smelting
• After Smelting
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Three Options:
• Before Smelting
• During Smelting
• After Smelting
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Three Options:
• Before Smelting
• During Smelting
• After Smelting
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Two Options: 1
PbSO4 + Na2CO3 = PbCO3 + Na2SO4
Lead + Sodium = Lead + Sodium
Sulfate Carbonate Carbonate Sulfate
Other compounds: Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2, NaPb2(CO3)2OH
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Two Options: 1
PbSO4 + Na2CO3 = PbCO3 + Na2SO4
Lead + Sodium = Lead + Sodium
Sulfate Carbonate Carbonate Sulfate
Paper Production: 1883 - Carl Dahl - Kraft Process
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Kraft Paper Making Process
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Kraft Paper Making Process
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Kraft Paper Making Process
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Two Options: 2
PbSO4 + (NH4)2CO3 = PbCO3 + (NH4)2SO4
Lead + Ammonium = Lead + Ammonium Sulfate Carbonate Carbonate Sulfate
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Two Options: 2
PbSO4 + (NH4)2CO3 = PbCO3 + (NH4)2SO4
Lead + Ammonium = Lead + Ammonium Sulfate Carbonate Carbonate Sulfate
Fertilizer
Paste De-Sulfurization
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The ESM of ULAB
Key Steps in ULAB Recovery and Recycling
1. ULAB Collection, Packaging & Transport
2. Drain the acid & treat for disposal/reuse
3. Separate the organic and non-organics
4. Smelt the Pb grids, terminals and paste
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Rotary Furnace
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Rotary Furnace
Pb Metals – Costa Rica
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Rotary Furnace
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Rotary Furnace – Centre Tap
Tap hole
Tap hole
Door
Burner
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Rotary Furnace – Centre Tap
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Rotary Furnace – Centre Tap
EcoGlobal – The Philippines
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Rotary Furnace – Centre Tap
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Rotary Furnace – Front Tap
Tap hole
Tap hole
Door
Burner
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Rotary Furnace – Front Tap
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Rotary Furnace – Front Tap
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Rotary Furnace – Front Tap
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Rotary Furnace – Rear Burner
Tap hole
Tap hole
Door
Burner
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Rotary Reverbatory – Rear Burner
Tap hole
Tap hole
Door
Burner
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Tilting Rotary Furnace
Major Engineering Group
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Tilting Rotary Furnace
Dross Engineering Ltd.
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Three Options:
• Before Smelting
• During Smelting
• After Smelting
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Rotary Furnace
Metallurgical Equations for the capture of Sulfur:
PbSO4 + C PbS + CO2
PbS + Fe Pb + FeS
PbSO4 + Na2CO3 + Fe + C Pb + “FeS.Na2S” + CO/CO2
Erdite Slag with the formula NaFeS2
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Rotary Furnace
Metallurgical Equations for the capture of Sulfur:
PbSO4 + C PbS + CO2
PbS + Fe Pb + FeS
PbSO4 + Na2CO3 + Fe + C Pb + “FeS.Na2S” + CO/CO2
Erdite Slag with the formula NaFeS2
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Rotary Furnace
Metallurgical Equations for the capture of Sulfur:
PbSO4 + C PbS + CO2
PbS + Fe Pb + FeS
PbSO4 + Na2CO3 + Fe + C Pb + “FeS.Na2S” + CO/CO2
Erdite Slag with the formula NaFeS2
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Rotary Furnace
Metallurgical Equations for the capture of Sulfur:
PbSO4 + C PbS + CO2
PbS + Fe Pb + FeS
PbSO4 + Na2CO3 + Fe + C Pb + “FeS.Na2S” + CO/CO2
Erdite Slag with the formula NaFeS2
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Rotary Furnace
Metallurgical Equations for the Production of Lead:
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Rotary Furnace
Metallurgical Equations for the Production of Lead:
PbO2 + Heat + C PbO (3150) + CO
PbO + CO Pb + CO2
2PbO + C Pb + CO
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Rotary Furnace
Metallurgical Equations for the Production of Lead:
PbO2 + Heat + C PbO (3150) + CO
PbO + CO Pb + CO2
2PbO + C Pb + CO
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Rotary Furnace
Metallurgical Equations - Sulfur Dioxide Production
PbSO4 + Heat + C PbO + CO + SO2
PbO + CO Pb + CO2
2PbO + C Pb + CO
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Three Options:
• Before Smelting
• During Smelting
• After Smelting
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Scrubbing Tower
Furnace
Off-Gas
With SO2
To Atmosphere
Sodium/Calcium
Carbonate feed
Spray Nozzles
Packing
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Flue Gas De-Sulfurization
Two Options: 2CaCO3 + 2SO2 + O2 = 2CaSO4 + 2CO2
Calcium + Sulfur + Oxygen = Calcium + Carbon
Carbonate Dioxide Sulfate Dioxide
2Na2CO3 + 2SO2 + O2 = 2Na2SO4 + 2CO2
Sodium + Sulfur + Oxygen = Sodium + Carbon
Carbonate Dioxide Sulfate Dioxide
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Scrubbing Tower
Flue Gas De-Sulfurization
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Three Options: Preferences
• Before Smelting
• During Smelting
• After Smelting
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Paste De-Sulfurization
Three Options: Preferences
• Before Smelting
• During Smelting
• After Smelting
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Ventilation and Baghouse
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Ventilation and Baghouse
A lack of effective ventilation causes:
High levels of Occupational Exposure
High levels of Lead dust emissions
Site and location contamination
Loss of recycling material
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Ventilation and Baghouse
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Ventilation and Baghouse
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Ventilation and Baghouse
Front ventilation hood
Rear ventilation
hood
Rotary Furnace Ventilation
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Rotary Furnace Ventilation
Ventilation and Baghouse
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Rotary Furnace Ventilation
Front ventilation
Rear ventilation
Ventilation and Baghouse
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Rotary Furnace Ventilation
Ventilation and Baghouse
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Rotary Furnace Boxed Ventilation
Ventilation and Baghouse
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Ventilation and Baghouse
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Ventilation and Baghouse
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Ventilation and Baghouse
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Ventilation and Baghouse
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Ventilation and Baghouse
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Ventilation and Baghouse
Zhejiang Changxing Jintaiyang Power Co., Ltd
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Furnace Slag
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Furnace Slag
MAC – Colombia – Ornamental House Bricks
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Slag reclamation - Paving
Tegal Industrial - Indonesia
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Slag reclamation - Paving
Tegal Industrial - Indonesia
KONVERSI BENTUK PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH B-3
MENJADI BATAKO / PAVING
1. PASIR : 15 kg
2. KAPUR : 8 kg
3. BOTTOM ASH : 10 kg
4. LIMBAH CAMPURAN : 10 kg
5. SLAG BESI : 25 kg
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Slag reclamation - Paving
Tegal Industrial - Indonesia
THE CONVERSION AND THE REUSE OF WASTE B-3
INTO BRICKS / PAVING
1. SAND : 15 kg
2. LIME : 8 kg
3. LEAD SLAG : 10 kg
4. MIXED WASTE : 10 kg
5. IRON SLAG : 25 kg
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Slag reclamation - Paving
Tegal Industrial - Indonesia
Sand, Lime &
Furnace Ash
Mixed Waste
Iron Slag
Utilization
of Waste by
Conversion
into Paving
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Tegal Industrial - Indonesia
Slag reclamation - Paving
Sand, Lime &
Furnace Ash
Mixed Waste
Iron Slag
Utilization
of Waste by
Conversion
into Paving
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Tegal Industrial - Indonesia
Slag reclamation - Paving
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Process Controls – Clean & Tidy
Housekeeping
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Process Controls – Damp Down
Housekeeping
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Housekeeping
Process Controls – Damp Down
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Housekeeping
Process Controls – Damp Down
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Industrial Hygiene
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Industrial Hygiene
Personal Protection 1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
2. Ventilate Control Rooms
3. Clean work clothes
4. Showers
5. Canteen
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Respirator and PPE
Essential Hat
Goggles Respirator
Industrial Hygiene
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Essential Hat
Goggles Respirator
Industrial Hygiene
Respirator and PPE
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Respirators
Choose disposable dust
masks with exhaust valves
Industrial Hygiene
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Most Important! Use the metal
strip to ensure a good fit around
the nose
Respirators
Industrial Hygiene
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Most Important! Use the metal
strip to ensure a good fit around
the nose
Industrial Hygiene
Respirators
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Most Important! Use the metal
strip to ensure a good fit around
the nose
Industrial Hygiene
Respirators
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Respirators - Baghouse
Most Important! Use full mask and coveralls
when working in a Baghouse
Industrial Hygiene
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Most Important! Use full mask and coveralls
when working in a Baghouse
Industrial Hygiene
Respirators - Baghouse
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Most Important! Use full mask and coveralls
when working in a Baghouse
Industrial Hygiene
Respirators - Baghouse
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Most Important! Work done –
Shower wearing the Protective Suit and Respirator to
remove dust – then remove them
Industrial Hygiene
Respirators - Baghouse
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Furnace Operations
Helmet, face visor, boots, respirator, gloves, protective overall or coat
Industrial Hygiene
Personal Protective Equipment
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Clean Work Clothes
Industrial Hygiene
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Industrial Hygiene
Clean Work Clothes
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Industrial Hygiene
Changing Rooms
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Showers
1.Segregate home and work clothing in a changing room
2.All personnel to shower at the end of the day or shift
Industrial Hygiene
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Showers – Dong Mai
Industrial Hygiene
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1.Segregate home & work clothing in changing rooms
2.All personnel to shower at the end of the day/shift
3.Only wear home clothes when leaving the plant
Industrial Hygiene
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Canteen
1. Provide a clean place to eat 2. Air condition the canteen
Industrial Hygiene
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Canteen - Guatemala
Industrial Hygiene
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Criteria for a Sustainable Secondary Lead Smelter
1. Health and Safety
A safe, hygiene and healthy working environment
2. Environmental Efficient resource use: energy, water, land and reagents Controlled atmospheric emissions to International norms No process effluent discharges to water courses No solid hazardous waste disposal Only saleable products to be produced ESM of the ULAB collection system
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
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Criteria for a Sustainable Secondary Lead Smelter
3. Financial
Low cost SLS design and O&M with regard to 1 and 2.
Cost effective, optimising resources to max. results
4. Techincal
Quality engineered design and equipment
Reliable and easy to maintain equipment
After sales support and equipment spares
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
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Criteria for a Sustainable Secondary Lead Smelter
5. Capacity
Capacity tailored to recycle all domestic ULAB
Modular: allows expansion for increase in ULAB.
6. Inputs
Recycles all types of ULAB generated
Recovers 99% of recyclable material in every ULAB
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
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Criteria for a Sustainable Secondary Lead Smelter
7. Outputs – High Quality Saleable Products
Refined Lead ingots of 99.97% – 99.99% purity
Refined Lead Alloys for LAB manufacturing
Clean Polypropylene Pellets
Hexagonal paving slabs to building standards
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
BREAKING
ULAB
RECEPTION
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
ACID
NEUTRALIZATION
GYPSUM
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING
PLASTIC ACID
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING SMELTING
PLASTIC ACID FUME
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING SMELTING
PLASTIC ACID FUME SLAG
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER PAVING SLABS
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING SMELTING REFINING
PLASTIC ACID FUME SLAG CASTING DROSS
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER PAVING SLABS LEAD INGOTS
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING SMELTING REFINING
PLASTIC ACID FUME SLAG CASTING DROSS
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER PAVING SLABS LEAD INGOTS
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING &
SEPARATION
PLASTIC ACID
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM Twin Furnace Operation
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING &
SEPARATION
PLASTIC ACID
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
GRID
MELTING Pb Alloy
REFINING
Twin Furnace Operation
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING &
SEPARATION
PLASTIC ACID
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
GRID
MELTING
PASTE
SMELTING
PURE Pb
REFINING Pb Alloy
REFINING
Twin Furnace Operation
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING &
SEPARATION
PLASTIC ACID FUME SLAG
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER PAVING SLABS
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
GRID
MELTING
PASTE
SMELTING
PURE Pb
REFINING Pb Alloy
REFINING
Twin Furnace Operation
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING &
SEPARATION
PLASTIC ACID FUME SLAG
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER PAVING SLABS
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
GRID
MELTING
PASTE
SMELTING
PURE Pb
REFINING Pb Alloy
REFINING
Twin Furnace Operation
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING &
SEPARATION
PLASTIC ACID FUME SLAG
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER PAVING SLABS
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
GRID
MELTING
PASTE
SMELTING
PURE Pb
REFINING Pb Alloy
REFINING
Twin Furnace Operation
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING &
SEPARATION
PLASTIC ACID FUME SLAG CASTING DROSS
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER PAVING SLABS PURE Pb
INGOTS
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
GRID
MELTING
PASTE
SMELTING
PURE Pb
REFINING Pb Alloy
REFINING
Pb ALLOY
INGOTS
Twin Furnace Operation
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ULAB
COLLECTION
ULAB
TRANSPORTATION
ULAB
RECEPTION
BREAKING &
SEPARATION
PLASTIC ACID FUME SLAG CASTING DROSS
NEUTRALIZATION PELLITIZER PAVING SLABS PURE Pb
INGOTS
Sustainable ULAB Recycling
GYPSUM
GRID
MELTING
PASTE
SMELTING
PURE Pb
REFINING Pb Alloy
REFINING
Pb ALLOY
INGOTS
Twin Furnace Operation
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What Else Can We Do?
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Solar Energy – 300 KW
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Thank You