Sustainable Development in Africa How do countries develop? Globalization Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different countries, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process affects the environment, culture, political systems, economic development and prosperity, and physical human well-being in societies around the world. Development Statistics 1/2 live on less than $2/day 1/4 live on less than $1.25/day People in the 20 richest countries earn 39 times more than people in the 20 poorest : People living on less than $1/day was cut in half (52% to 26%) What does development mean? Economic growth Health care Nutrition Education Clean environment Human Development Index (HDI) Access to health Access to education Access to a decent standard of living Top 5: Iceland, Norway, Canada, Australia and Ireland Bottom 5: Mozambique, Liberia, D.R. Congo, Central African Republic and Sierra Leone Why are some nations richer than others? Geography: Guns, Germs and Steel and River Valley Civilizations Natural resources (haves and have-nots) Culture (Protestantism and Buddhism) Property Rights Freedom What major problems face development today? Geography = population and location High poverty Hunger High mortality rates Unsafe water Poor education Corrupt governments War Poor sanitation How do countries effectively develop? Invest in education and health Increase production on small farms Improve infrastructure Develop industrial manufacturing Promote democracy and human rights Ensure environmental protection Development Institutions World Bank Regional Development Banks United Nations Development Program Government Aid Agencies (Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) ) Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) (ex. Brot fr die Welt) Fair Trade (Uganda Fair Trade Coffee Video)Uganda Fair Trade Coffee Video Development Strategies Poverty reduction Trade-Not-Aid Good Governance Gender Equality Microlending Sustainable Development What is sustainable development? Promote development in ways that do not harm the environment or take natural resources so that they will not be available in the future Protect earths atmosphere Promote sustainable farm production Combat deforestation and desertification Protect oceans and water resources Maintain biodiversity Millennium Development Goals (2015) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality and empower women Reduce child mortality Improve maternal health Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Ensure environmental sustainability Develop a global partnership for development