Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainable Development Goals

Dr. Lakshmikanth Hari

Chairperson - Centre for Sustainable Development

K J Somaiya Institute of Management Studies & Research, Mumbai

Sustainable Development

MDGs

SDGs


A search for sustainable development yields

36 million hits on Google and

89,000 articles with that term in their title on Google Scholar.

It is now being used in every imaginable context from transport toagriculture, from local to global, from rural to urban.

This popularity has grown in parallel with lots of activity atinternational and national levels toward promoting the concept,particularly in officialdom, aid agencies, nongovernmentalorganizations (NGOs), and even the corporate sector.


The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro resulted in a document bymeans of which the goal of Sustainable development was officiallyadopted by the 170 governments present.

The Earth Summit also resulted in international conventions onbiodiversity, wetlands, and forestry, and in starting the process fornegotiating a convention on climate change.


This was followed by the

Creation of the UN Center for Sustainable Development,

Adoption of sustainable development goals by the World Bank,

Formulation of national sustainable development strategies by manycountries,

World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in2002.

That summit was a bit of a failure


Focus shifted back to poverty alleviation, resulting in the MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDGs) taking center stage. Global negotiationson climate change and some other related themes continued.

After the Rio+20 summit in 2012, sustainable development is back infocus in international policy discourse, with the concept ofSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set to replace or complementthe MDGs that will expire in 2015.


SD is in real danger of becoming a cliche like appropriate technology -- a fashionable phrase that everyone pays homage to but nobodycares to define.

Four years ago, Tolba lamented that SD had become "an article offaith, a shibboleth; often used, but little explained (Tolba, 1984a);


Development and Environmental degradation are interlinked?


Sustainable development has been defined in many ways, but the mostfrequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future, also known asthe Brundtland Report:

"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of thepresent without compromising the ability of future generations to meettheir own needs.

It contains within it two key concepts: the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world's poor,to which overriding priority should be given; and

the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and socialorganization on the environment's ability to meet present and futureneeds."


All definitions of sustainable development require that we see the world as a systema systemthat connects space; and a system that connects time.

When you think of the world as a system over space, you grow to understand that air pollutionfrom North America affects air quality in Asia, and that pesticides sprayed in Argentina couldharm fish stocks off the coast of Australia.

And when you think of the world as a system over time, you start to realize that the decisions ourgrandparents made about how to farm the land continue to affect agricultural practice today; andthe economic policies we endorse today will have an impact on urban poverty when our childrenare adults.

We also understand that quality of life is a system, too. It's good to be physically healthy, but whatif you are poor and don't have access to education? It's good to have a secure income, but what ifthe air in your part of the world is unclean? And it's good to have freedom of religious expression,but what if you can't feed your family?

The concept of sustainable development is rooted in this sort of systems thinking. It helps usunderstand ourselves and our world. The problems we face are complex and seriousand wecan't address them in the same way we created them. But we can address them.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

At the Millennium Summit in September 2000 the largest gathering ofworld leaders in history adopted the UN Millennium Declaration,committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extremepoverty and setting out a series of time-bound targets, with a deadline of2015, that have become known as the Millennium Development Goals.

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the world's time-boundand quantified targets for addressing extreme poverty in its manydimensions-income poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter,and exclusion-while promoting gender equality, education, andenvironmental sustainability. They are also basic human rights-the rightsof each person on the planet to health, education, shelter, and security.


Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases

Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development



Target 9. Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources

Indicators25. Proportion of land area covered by forest (FAO)26. Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to surface area (UNEP-WCMC)27. Energy use (kg oil equivalent) per $1 GDP (PPP) (IEA, World Bank)28. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita (UNFCCC, UNSD) and consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs (ODP tons) (UNEP-Ozone Secretariat)29. Proportion of population using solid fuels (WHO)



Target 10. Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Indicators30. Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source, urban and rural (UNICEF-WHO)31. Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation, urban and rural (UNICEF-WHO)

Target 11. Have achieved by 2020 a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers Indicators32. Proportion of households with access to secure tenure (UN-HABITAT)


The world has made significant progress in achieving many of theGoals.

But progress has been far from uniform across the world-or acrossthe Goals. There are huge disparities across and within countries.Within countries, poverty is greatest for rural areas, though urbanpoverty is also extensive, growing, and underreported by traditionalindicators.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This year, the millennium development goals launched in 2000 to make global progress on poverty, education, health, hunger and the environment expire. UN member states are finalising the sustainable development goals that will replace them


Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition andpromote sustainable agriculture

Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promotelifelong learning opportunities for all

Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls


Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water andsanitation for all

Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modernenergy for all

Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth,full and productive employment and decent work for all

Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainableindustrialization and foster innovation

Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries


Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilientand sustainable

Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*

Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marineresources for sustainable development

Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrialecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, andhalt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss


Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development


Goals (SDGs) related to Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability of MDGs are:

Goal 6, Goal 12, Goal 13, Goal 14, Goal 15

Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*

Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources forsustainable development

Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse landdegradation and halt biodiversity loss

Thank You

Sustainable Development Goals

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