Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development Sustainable development (SD) is a

pattern of economic development in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come.

UNCED at Rio de Janeiro 1992

Sustainable Development The term 'sustainable development' was used by the

Brundtland Commission (1987 ) as per it "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

According to above definition two key concepts: the concept of 'needs', in particular the essential

needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given

the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs.

Sustainable Development Sustainability educator Michael Thomas Needham

referred to 'Sustainable Development' "as the ability to meet the needs of the present while contributing to the future generations needs.”

Additional focus on the present generations' responsibility to improve the future generations' life by restoring the previous ecosystem damage and resisting to contribute to further ecosystem damage.

"sustainability" was employed to describe an economy "in equilibrium with basic ecological support systems."

Scheme of sustainable development

Sustainability necessitates an interrelationship of the social, economic and environmental needs of a developing world

The concept of sustainable development has in the past most often been broken out into three constituent parts:

Environmental sustainability, Economic sustainability Socio political sustainability.

Scheme of sustainable development:confluence of three constituent parts

Environmental Sustainability

Environmental sustainability is the process of making sure current processes of interaction with the environment are pursued with the idea of keeping the environment as pristine as naturally .

Environmental sustainability demands that society designs activities to meet human needs while indefinitely preserving the life support systems of the planet.

Environmental Sustainability An "unsustainable situation" occurs when natural

resources are used up faster than it can be replenished. Sustainability requires that human activity only uses

nature's resources at a rate at which they can be replenished naturally.

Sustainable development is intertwined with the concept of carrying capacity.

This entails using water sustainably, only utilizing renewable energy, and sustainable material supplies (e.g. harvesting wood from forests at a rate that maintains the biomass and biodiversity).

Economic Sustainability Economic progress is evaluated in terms of welfare(GNP),more

efficient production and consumption of goods and services. The stability of prices and employment are among other

important objectives. To utilize resource to best advantage (efficient and responsible) Difference between need and greed No economic system is sustainable unless it accommodates the

ecosystem it depends Unlike traditional societies, modern economies have only

recently acknowledged the need to manage scarce natural resources in a prudent manner – because human welfare ultimately depends on ecological services

Ignoring safe ecological limits will increase the risk of undermining long-run prospects for development.

Social Sustainability

Social development refers to improvements in both individual well-being and the overall social welfare

Social Sustainability includes human rights, labor rights and corporate governance

It emphasizes on individuals behavior, attitude and actions

Ideal sustainable life style is not to end consumption but understanding the minimalistic requirement of it

Difference between wants and needs Challenge to current infrastructure and common expectations Thus, social goals includes protective strategies that reduce

vulnerability, improve equity and ensure that basic needs are met.

MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Appropriate Technology (AT) The term appropriate technology is used to describe the

use of technology that results in less negative impacts on the environment and society, i.e., technology should be both environmentally sustainable and socially appropriate.

It is characterized by "low investment cost per work-place, low capital investment per unit of output, organizational simplicity, high adaptability to a particular social or cultural environment, sparing use of natural resources, low cost of final product or high potential for employment

Found in both developing and developed countries.

Appropriate technology “Design with nature” The goal of Appropriate Technology (AT) is

to increase the standard of living for the developing world without condescension, complication, or environmental damage.

Appropriate technology was meant to address four problems: extreme poverty, starvation, unemployment and urban migration.

Solar Powered Lightbulb Nokero’s N100 solar-powered light bulb . This clever product stores electricity from daylight, one

of the few commodities rural India, Africa and most of the third world has abundantly.

Designed specifically for use in developing nations, the LED bulbs can provide four hours of light when the battery is fully charged.

That may not sound like much to you or me, but consider the scarce wood burning fuel this replaces.

The N100 is constructed from impact-resistant plastic and includes four solar panels, five LEDs and replaceable NiMH batteries said to last two years.

Complete units cost $15 apiece, but may someday cost as little as $6 per unit in bulk.

Pot-In-Pot Refrigerator Pot-in-Pot refrigerator, It is a simple cooling system to

preserve food in rural areas with no electricity. Which relies on the concept of evaporative

cooling. The system works by putting a smaller clay pot

inside a larger one, separating the two by constantly moist sand.

Evaporation causes a cooling effect in the inner pot. Eggplants are reported to stay fresh for 27 days, nine

times their usual expiration date. Tomatoes and peppers can last for up to 21 days

In 2001, Nigerian Mohammed Bah Abba won the 2001 Rolex Awards this invention

Bonus Corn Sheller

Designing products for developing nations is challenge because inventors are creating technologies for cultures of which they have little, or no, experience.

Compatible Technology International visited Guatemala and observed women hand-shelling corn.

They saw how labor-intensive the manual shelling process was, they quickly developed a corn sheller out of a piece of wood with a hole in the middle.

The women pushed the ear of corn through the hole, shaving the kernels from the cob MUCH more quickly.

Lifestraw In 2009, an estimated 5,000 deaths from unsafe drinking

water occurred every day. This is down from 6,000 in 2007, and Vestergaard

Frandsen’s Lifestraw played its’ part in the decline. The Lifestraw is a personal, low-cost water purification tool,

with a service lifetime of 700 liters, or about one year of water consumption for a single person.

Unlike other water purification products, Lifestraw is intuitive to use, can be worn around the neck, and requires no training, special tools or electricity to operate.

The sucking action of the straw pulls the water through a filter that traps 99.999% of waterborne bacteria (such as Salmonella, Shigella, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus) and 98.7% of waterborne viruses.

Hippo Roller Water Project

In some African villages, fetching potable water can take most of an entire day, and is typically a chore left to women and children.

The Hippo Roller is a simple tool for transporting water from distant watering-holes back to homes and villages – an alternative to the traditional 5-gallon-barrels-on-heads approach.

The product itself is similar to a barrel with a handle that you push ahead of you like a steamroller’s drum, and has a capacity of 90 liters / 24 gallons.

That’s nearly a 5X increase in productivity. In the past 15 years, the Hippo Roller Water Project has

distributed over 30,000 rollers, directly benefitting over 200,000 people.

3R – REDUCE, REUSE & RECYCLE

Why do you need to use 3R’s ?* Saving space* Saving natural resources* Save energy* Reduce pollution

Practice teaches: don't buy things you don't need or items that come in wasteful packaging or that cannot be recycled. Reuse and recycle whatever you can.

REDUCE A key part of waste “reduction” is CONSERVATION. Buy and use less- simple living Wise packaging selections Buy 100% recyclable products ~ recycled paper Refuse store

bag, bring your own shopping bag Use durable products Avoid buying disposable item Cut down on can and frozen food Save water Save energy Carpool, ride a bicycle or take public transportation Unplug electrical appliances when not in used Drive smaller, more energy-efficient car & use lead-free petrol

REUSE Do not throw away things that are still usable, Pass on to others

who can use them. One man’s waste is another man’s treasure. Reuse disposables like plastic cups, plates, utensils and plastic

food storage bags. Donate to charity Use canvas or cloth bags when shopping Reuse plastic bags Buy product in refillable containers e.g. washing powder, coffee,

tea etc. Reuse old envelop Use both sides of paper save old egg cartons, toilet rolls, margarine and ice-cream tubs for

art & crafts use rechargeable batteries and refillable print cartridge

RECYCLE Recycling means turning something old into something new. Recycling is not only a great way to conserve resources but even

to reduce waste Just about anything in your home that cannot be reused CAN be

recycled into something else. Set up a system of separating your waste for recycling. Deposit them at the various recycle centre. Make sure you put the waste in the correct bin. * Paper ~ tie into bundles

* Aluminium can ~ empty contents, rinse, dry and crush & metal containers ~ empty contents and clean* Glass ~ empty contents and clean* Plastic : drinking bottle ~ remove cap, empty bottle, rinse and crush; plastic containers ~ empty contents and clean

Environmental Education

In order to achieve the acceptable level of global environmental sustainability

The citizens must be empowered with essential knowledge and information.

Then only they can exert pressure on their elected representatives to develop and implement policies for securing environmental sustainability.

These can be achieved through environmental education .

Environmental Education Environmental education has two essential components: Alerting the public to the need to achieve global

sustainable development and the likely consequences of failing to do so.

Focusing the educational curriculum for global sustainable development by incorporating the know-how and skills and also the moral imperatives.

To have a clear idea about the environmental education, more awareness about the following issues are needed.

Difference between unsustainable development and environmental sustainability.

Depending on Science and Technology alone will deliver environmental sustainability?

Environmental Education

Progress towards sustainable development is dependent upon a fundamental change in societies' attitude to nature and the environment.

Individual would be willing to adopt less consumptive lifestyles commensurate with the Earth's ecological capacity.

Science and technology, however advanced, cannot help in this matter.

Hence, what is needed to bring about this change of attitude is education in moral and ethical philosophy.

In the young minds, it is essential to reinforce the environment-respecting moral values.

Environmental Education

Thinking AttitudeAction

Carrying Capacity The carrying capacity is the maximum

population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water and other necessities available in the environment.

Supported indefinitely by an ecosystem without destroying that ecosystem

Ciriacy-Wantrup introduced the idea of safe thresholds

Depends on available resources and per capita consumption

Not "caring" capacity

Carrying Capacity The carrying capacity of an environment may

vary for different species and may change over time due to a variety of factors, including:

Food availability Water supply Environmental conditions and living space. Function of the number of people, The amount of resources each person

consumes The ability of the earth to process all the wastes

produced.

Carrying Capacity For example, consider an island onto which is dropped a

colony of rabbits. As long as there is an adequate supply of food and water,

the rabbits will not only survive but they will reproduce and the colony will get larger.

The rabbit population can continue to grow as long as food and water are adequate.

However, if at some point, there are more rabbits than is food to feed them, then the rabbit population will start to decline.

It depends upon factors such as how much each rabbit eats, How fast the food grows, How well the natural systems of the island can handle the

waste produced by the rabbits.

Carrying Capacity The earth is our island. We have developed technology to grow,

process, and store food We have also developed technologies

for handling wastes that we create. However, there is still a carrying capacity

that the earth can support. Sustainability is about finding the

balance point among population, consumption, and waste assimilation

Multidimensional model for SD

Global Interactions

Ecological Balance

Economic Growth

Resource Utilization

Equity

Sustainable Development

Appropriate and cleaner Technological innovations

Socio-cultural innovative, Ecofriendly practices

Regional Development Policies

Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges faced by humanity

According to Hasna Vancock, sustainability is a process which tells of a development of all aspects of human life affecting sustenance. It means resolving the conflict between the various competing goals, and involves the simultaneous pursuit of economic prosperity, environmental quality and social equity famously known as three dimensions