Sustainable Architecture -02

7/25/2019 Sustainable Architecture -02

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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch. G.C.A.D. Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Susta na e Arc tecture

Lecture -02

Passive Building Design Concept Part -0

Passive heating

Passive heating techni!ues"concepts

GATEWAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND

DESIGN, SONIPAT HARYANA


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PASSIVE BUILDING DESIGN CONCEPTS

#or al$ost all t%pes of cli$atic conditions& there are fe' passive design

concepts that help building designers to develop buildings that are

co$fortable 'ith ver% little or even 'ithout use of an% artificial device.

(hese concepts have been classified in the follo'ing categories)

Passive heating s%ste$s Passive cooling s%ste$s

Passive ventilation s%ste$s


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PASSIVE HEATING SYSTEMS

(he concept of passive heating essentiall% consists of increasing the

heat gain and reducing the heat loss inside a building 'ithout

conventional heating $ethods that utili*e fossil fuels or electrical

energ% .

Such concepts are t%picall% useful for building located in cold

cli$ates 'here the buildings are to be +ept 'ar$er than theirsurroundings. Al$ost all the concepts of passive heating utili*e

co$bination of the follo'ing three ele$ents or stages)

Collection of naturall% available energ%"heat. Storage of collected energ%. ,se of stored energ% in a controlled fashion for achieving

ther$al co$fort.


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Passive heating s%ste$s can be classified in three categories

depending upon the source of heat)

,se of solar energ%

,se of a$bient energ% other than solar energ%

,se of internal sources of heat


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USE OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR HEATING

Sun is the largest and $ost preferred naturall% available source ofenerg% for passive heating.

Concepts that utili*e solar energ% for heating of buildings are

ter$ as solar passive concept. Perfor$ance of the solar passive heating concepts is based upon

$a/i$i*ing solar e/posure and capture of solar radiation . n addition& heat losses fro$ an% building are to be $ini$i*ed for

ensuring a high value of net solar heat gain . Capture of solar radiation alternativel% ter$ as solar heat gain

in a building can be achieved either through entr% of solarradiation in a building or through so$e indirect $ethod that

capture the heat of solar radiation and transfer the heating effect

to the building.


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All the solar passive heating have been arranged in three groups)

Direct solr !et "i#

I# $irect solr !et "i#

Co%&i#e$ solr !et "i#


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'( DIRECT SOLAR HEAT GAIN (his is a straight for'ard concept in

'hich the solar radiation is ad$ittedthrough a 'indo' or 'all of glass

facing south direction to ad$it

$a/i$u$ solar radiation in 'inter

and to heat 'alls & floors and ob1ects

conse!uentl% the roo$ air l%ing in

the roo$. Double gla*ing is used to reduced

heat loss and during night ti$e &

curtains or an% other for$ ofinsulation is used to helps to cover

the 'indo'"curtain 'all.


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)(SOLAR HEMICYCLE

Si$ilarl% & solar he$ic%cle3is another concepts4

(he plan of building is

shaped li+e a rising sun3'ith the north 'all buried

into the earth up to the

'indo' 5sill level .

(he ring 5shaped earth 'allprotects the ground floor

fro$ 'ing and 'eather.


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*(SLAYED WALLS AND WINDOW FRAMES(

(he 'indo' in direct heat gain s%ste$ should also allo' the

penetration of solar radiation deeper in to the space to let it fall

on surfaces that can absorb and store heat.

Displa% spla%ing the 'all and 'indo' fra$es that help in

increasing the solar gain.


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+( CLEAR STORY AND SY LIGHTS

(he ad$ittance of direct sunlight through south facing 'indo' is

not feasible in $an% situations .

n such cases the clerestor% and s+%light help in ad$itting the

desired a$ount of solar radiation.

(he si*e of a solar 'indo' deter$ines the average te$perature

in a space over the da%.

6ence it should be deter$ined corresponding to the local

para$eters of each location such as heating degree da%s and

availabilit% of solar radiation.


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Clear% Stor% 7indo'

S+% lighter.


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-( USING REFLECTORS

(he a$ount of solar radiation received at an% 'indo'opening is fi/ed b% the season and ti$e .

Although the intensit% of directl% incident solar radiation

cannot be increased & irradiation received b% the surrounding

surfaces can be reflected into the opening & thereb% increasingthe effective collector area of the 'indo'.


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TWO TYPES OF HINGED SHUTTER.REFLECTORS

FOR INCREASING SOLAR HEATING GAIN

,se of hinged shutters on top and botto$ &for increasing the

solar gain . (op hinged shutters can be e$plo%ed on 'indo's beneath a

large overhang. An overhang above this t%pe of shutters is essential for

protection against sno' and ice. (op hinged shutter reflector is ver% useful in the $onths of

Dece$ber and 8anuar% &'hen the sun goes ver% lo'.

7ith this arrange$ent &angel of shutter can be lo'ered toincreasing the heat gain 'ithout affecting the outside vie' .


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/( STAIR CASE #or co$posite cli$ates& 'here heat gain

re!uired in 'inters and protection fro$

direct solar radiation is re!uired insu$$er &staircase arrange$ent having

hori*ontal reflectors and vertical gla*ing

can be adopted .

n this techni!ue of co$bining verticalgla*ing and hori*ontal reflector & solar

radiation enters the living space 'hen

sun is at lo' altitude i.9. During

'inters . n su$$er $onths &'hen sun ta+e a

higher altitude &solar radiation is

reflected bac+ b% the reflector to the s+%.


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INDIRECT HEAT GAIN ,nli+e the direct heat gain & in the concept of heat gain &solar

energ% is introduced into the roo$ in an indirect fashion .:arious option of indirect heat gain have been e/plained in

this section.

'(Nor%l "l0e$ t!er%l stor"e 1ll n this techni!ue heat fro$ solar radiation is indirectl% ta+en

as a result of conduction through the 'all and subse!uent

convection and long 5'ave radiation e$itted b% ther$al

'all. A ther$al $ass 'all of concrete or $asonr% usuall% facing

south blac+ened and gla*ed is used for this purpose. (he advantage of this $ethod is that it greatl% reduces

te$perature fluctuations in the roo$ air 'hich is the

disadvantages of direct solar heat gain $ethods.


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)(STAGGERED BUILDING

DESIGN FOR INCREASING

HEAT GAIN(he re!uired ele$ents of thistechni!ues of passive heating are a

large south facing gla*ed collector

area 'ith ther$al storage $ass

directl% behind it .Such an arrange$ent is found to

be effective upto a depth of ;-0

degree Celsius b% properl% si*ing thether$al storage &it is possible to get a

heat flo' into the roo$ even 2-? hours

after sunset till the 'all surface gets

cooled.


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COMBINED DIRECT AND INDIRECT HEAT GRAIN(hee disadvantage of direct heat gain for space heating .is that

the space gets heated up rapidl%.Si$ilarl% &after sunset space gets cooled rapidl% too.n contrast a ther$al storage 'all for indirect heat gain

absorbs radiation for several hours before it begins to heat up

the living space but it continues to provide heat even after thesunset.

23 THERMOSIPHON AIR PANEL2TAP3

A (AP is essentiall% a solar energ% collector for air heating'ithout a storage $ediu$ that is usuall% fitted in the south 'all

of a building for suppl%ing 'ar$ air to the building space.

t is t%picall% suitable to the cold desert cli$atic conditions


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SCHEMATIC OF A THERMOSIPHON AIR PANEL2TAP3

ENERGY BALANCE OF A TAP WITH VARIATIONS IN ABSORBER

PLATE DESIGN


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AN AIR HEATING TAP WITH OPERATING CONDITIONS

USE OF TAP ON INCLINED ROOF


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)( Glss !o4se

As the na$e suggest glass house are closed envelopes $ade ofglass.(hese are also one for$ of co$bination of direct and indirect

heat gain offer scope of integrating appealing architecture

ele$ents in a building 'ith passive heating opportunit% glasshouse attached 'ith a building


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DIFFERENT VARIATIONS IN THE USE OF GLASS HOUSE FOR SPACE HEATING


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USE OF AMBIENT HEAT FOR SPACE HEATING

(he a$bient heat available around the building in ground and

'ater can either be used for reducing trans$ission losses or it can

be used preheat the a$bient air before it enters into the building

thereb% reducing the heat losses due to ventilationBasics about these concepts have been e/plain in the follo'ing sub-

sections)

ENERGY FROM GROUND6ourl% .dail% and seasonal fluctuations in the a$bient te$perature

are found onl% in the at$osphere and upper la%ers of the ground.7ith increasing depth belo' the ground level & the te$perature

fluctuation decrease and re$ain close to the annual $eans a$bient

te$perature onl%.


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ENERGY FROM WATERDue to large heat capacit% of 'ater & there is relativel% less

fluctuation in its te$perature as co$pared to the fluctuation in

a$bient air .si$ilar to the concept of earth air tunnel& under 'ater tubes can

be laid to e/change heat fro$ 'ar$er 'ater to heat a$bient

air.

USE OF INTERNAL SOURCES OF HEAT(here are several living as 'ell as non living sources of heat

in a building that can be utili*ed for +eeping the building 'ar$.

Living sources of heat are hu$an beings or occupants &

ani$als &$icro-organis$s &'here non-living sources of heat

are various e!uip$ents such as lighting & coo+ing appliances

&'ashing $achine etc.


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HEAT PRODUCTION BY HUMAN BEINGSDue to $etabolic reactions ta+ing place continuousl% in

hu$an bod% &there is release of heat fro$ hu$an bod% that

varies considerabl% according to the activit% level.Dissipation of this heat to surrounding depends upon the

clothing & a$bient te$perature & $ove$ent of air & surface

te$perature of surrounding building ele$ents etc.

HEAT PRODUCTION BY MICRO.ORGANISMSGarden debris & including pruning 'aste fro$ trees and hedges

& brush'ood fro$ forests and other ti$ber 'aste & 'hich is

piled up to $a+e a co$post heap & gets deca%ed in due courseof ti$e in


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WASTE ENERGY OF DOMESTIC E5UIPMENT

Do$estic appliances such as refrigerators & release 'aste heat inthe building &'hich can be used for heating the roo$.

(he a$ount of energ% or heat released varies 'ith the e!uip$ent

rating and duration of its use.


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Lecture -02 Sustainable Architecture B Arch G C A D Asst Prof Lenin Sachdeva


Source " @eferencePractical 6andboo+ on 9nerg% Conservation on Building

Sustainable Architecture -02

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