Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuel Update

Achievements / Next Steps

Air Transport: What Route to Sustainability

Third ICAO Pre-Assembly Conference Montreal, Canada

Richard L. Altman Executive Director, Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)

www.caafi.org

®

Alternative Sustainable Fuel Dynamic

• Dimensioning a new Sustainable Jet Fuel Dynamic

• Progress since 2009 ICAO Conference (Rio 11/09)

• What are the key remaining Needs?

• How can aviation cooperate globally to meet these needs?

Global Climate

Reduce PM 2.5

Contain CO2 Growth

Air Quality

New Sustainable Dynamic Environment Need

Ozone PM 2.50

20

40

60

80

100

120

Data for 50 Largest U.S. Airports

Non-at-tainment

Ongoing Fleet Renewal / Technology Development

ATC/NowGen/ Operational Improvements

Low Carbon FuelsForecasted Emissio

ns Growth Absent Reduction Measures

Baseline

CO2 E

mis

sion

s*

2050Carbon Neutral Growth and Reduction Timeline

*Notional View, Source Air Transport Association of America

Carbon Neutral Growth Now Aviation’s Goal

• …… for FAA “Next Gen” Enviromental Team in U.S.• …… by International Airlines (IATA) globally

70%

63%

TotalImports

U.S. Production

U.S. Consumption

2005

Mill

ion

bbl p

er d

ay

1975 1985 1995 2005 2015

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

F

Improve Fuel Fraction

Reduce Crack Spread

Enhance Supply Security

New Sustainable Economic Dynamic Need

Jet < 10%Gasoline

Diesel

5

Ref: Presentation AFRL (W. Harrison), 8/15/06

Bridging Economic “Valley of Death” is Goal

6

2009 Aviation Achievements • First Major Aviation Fuel Qualification

in 20 Years passed – ASTM D7566!• Four flight programs of Biofuels• ICAO Accepted Best Practices

- Risk management

- CO2 LCA Analysis Principles - Implementation via CAAFI and other processes

• Four Commercial projects formed

Winner 2010 Air Transport WorldJoseph S. Murphy Award

for Industry Service!

2010 Off to Excellent Start • Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ/ Bio-SPK)

tracking to 12/10 ASTM Approvals (Jan. - Present)

• White House recognition of Aviation as lead customer for Biofuels (Feb.)

• FAA/DESC “Single Fuel Buyer” Alliance (March)• Greatly expanding the scope of potential

supplier discussions (April, May) • First Quantitative Jet Fuel Carbon LCA

(PARTNER) leads aviation centric impact quantification (May)

• “Farm to Fly” with USDA formalized (July)• “One Buyer” United Aviation Exhibit at

Farnborough Air Show (July)

Sustainable Jet, Where Are We?

• Over 50 Fuel Companies part of CAAFI

• Four Existing “Off – Take” Agreements” Several Additional Negotiations.

• U.S. State and International Deployment Initiatives Growing

37% of Top 100 Biofuel Companies Predict 1 Billion Gallons of Renewable Jet by 2020….Biofuels Digest 9/10/10

Multiple Success Models (U.S. Example)

ArizonaCalifornia*Florida **Georgia**Hawaii**

IllinoisMichigan**

Mississippi*Ohio**

New York**Pennsylvania**

OklahomaTennessee**

Texas**Washington*West Virginia

Wisconsin* airline/producer agreements ** study proposals or Pilot Plants

Going Forward

What is Needed?

Where/How can Cooperation help?

To Achieve Aviation Goals…..

• Ensure that Multiple Feedstocks and Processes Are Matured/ Qualified

• Achieve “Feedstock Readiness” via disciplined systems risk management.

• Quantify Carbon Gains and Reduce Environmental/Sustainability Uncertainty

• Capitalize on Local Air Quality gains (not just CO2)

• Leverage success models to ensure unique focused “single customer” status

Blend Comp’s Criteria and Blend % Limits

Annex 3

Other Adv Fuels or Processes

Annex 2

50% Metabolic Blends

Annex 1

50% Hydpross’d SPK Fuel Blends

Fuel Produced to D7566 Can Be Designated as D1655 Fuel

5.1 Materials and Manufacture

D1655

Table 1

D7566Av Turbine Fuel Containing

Syn HC’s

Table 1Blended Fuel Performance Properties

• ASTM D7566 Passed Sept 09

• On track for HRJ passage 12/10

Jet Fuel Approval Process Working Well

13

Biomass

Bio - Oils Syngas

Ethanol /C2+ Alcohols

2nd Gen.Biofuels

HRJ SynJetFAME SynJet Methanol FT SynJetHydrogen

Shift Reaction

Bio - Oil ExtractionHydrolysis /

FermentationGasification

Ligno-cellulosicBio-Conversion

Pyrolysis /Liquifaction

Esterification HydrotreatmentFischer Tropsch

ProcessMethanolSynthesis

All FeedStocks and Processes Required!

FRJ

PRJCRJ

HRJ Hydrotreated Renewable JetFT Fischer Tropsch Process

FRJ Fermentation Renewable JetPRJ Pyrolysis Renewable JetCRJ Catalytic Renewable Jet

- Certified by end 2011- Targets for 2013, 2014

Feedstock Readiness? • Grow yield/acre in reduced time frame

• Improve growth in dry / high saline soil conditions

• Address invasive species concerns

Working “Feedstock Readiness” System Methods with Agriculture

Aviation Specific Carbon LCA Available!

Analysis Represents - Cumulative Totals - with Variability Bands

Next Pathways considered next:- Sugar cane to

Fermented Jet (FRJ)- Pyrolysis Oils to Blend

Stock

Data from Stratton et al. MIT/PARTNER (2010)

PM 2.5 Is Next Target

Air Quality Regulations Increasing

Capitalize on Air Quality (PM 2.5) Gains

Ozone PM 2.50

20

40

60

80

100

120

Data for 50 Largest U.S. Airports

Non-attainment

Attainment

-12% -13%

-33%

-41%

-57%

-68%

-78%

-25%-30%

-50%

-61%

-75%

-86%

-92%

-51%

-96%-100%

-75%

-50%

-25%

0%

12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75 87.5 100

% Volume of FT Fuel in JP-8%

Ch

an

ge

in

Pa

rtic

le N

um

be

r D

en

sit

y

Cruise

Idle

12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75 87.5 100

Large Gains with Alternatives

FEEDSTOCK SUPPLIERS

FUEL PRODUCERS

DISTRIBUTORS / FBO’S

CAAFI Supply Chain Model Success

Facilitate Maximum Opportunity “Flow-up”

Focus and Communicate Requirements “Flow Down”

Now 50+ suppliers /stakeholders

Nearly 20 Airlines with agreements

Global Links To One Aviation Customer

2006

SWAFEA 2009

ABRABA 2010

New Sustainable Fuel Dynamic Achievable

Algae – U.S. Sugarcane - Brazil Pyrolysis - Holland