Suspension S1 UNG 2011 (1)w

8/16/2019 Suspension S1 UNG 2011 (1)w

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suspensionzulfayu- msy 2011


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Fase Tipe dan Contoh Antar Muka

Gas / gas

Gas / cairan

Gas / padatan

Cairan / cairan

Cairan / padatan

Padatan / padatan

Tidak ada kemungkinan ada antar muka

Permukaan cairan, air yang berada di atmosfirPermukaan padatan, bagian di atas meja

Antarmuka cairan, emulsiAntarmuka padatan, suspensi

Antarmuka padatan, partikel serbuk yang salingmelekat

Penggolongan antarmuka


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antarmuka PADAT/CAIR

• Banyak diaplikasikan dalam kefarmasian

• Adsorpsi pada permukaan zat padat jua dili!atkan dalamfenomena pem!asahan dan proses deterjen

• "uatu zat pem!asah adalah suatu surfaktan yan !iladilarutkan dalam air# menurunkan sudut kontak dan

mem!antu memindahkan fase udara pada permukaan dan

menantinya denan fase $air

• "udut kontak adalah sudut antara tetesan $airan danpermukaan ke atas dimana ia menye!ar


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Ө = 0o ,

pembasahansempurna,tenggelam

Ө = 180o,pembasahantidakbermakna

Ө < 90o

Ө = 90o

terapung

Ө > 90o

"udut kontak dari %o

sampai &'%o


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defnition

When the particles constituting theinternal phase o the suspension aretherapeutically actie, thesuspension is kno!n aspharmaceutical suspension.


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component

• "nternal#globules$%disperse%discontinous phase& fnely diided states

• '(ternal %continous phase

• Wetting )gent

• *uspending )gent


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*ize o particle

+oarse suspension& greater than 1 m

+olloidal suspension & belo! 1 m


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)plication and tility

Why suspension used/

he drug is insoluble in the deliery ehicle.

o mask the bitter taste o the drug.

o increase drug stability. o achiee controlled%sustained drug release.


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)plication and tility

*uspensions are also used in the allied felds ocosmetics, eterinary medicine,pest control,including domestic, industrial and agriculturalapplications, and other industrial


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he suspension must be &

• physically stable #no appreciable settling$ or asu:cient time,

• chemically stable oer the re;uired time #shel-lie$,

• possess a iscosity that allo!s it to be used or itsintended purpose,

• be easily reconstituted by shaking,

• and be acceptable in use to the patient, care-gieror other user.

"deal *uspension


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1. *mall particle size2. 5inimum moement o particles increasing iscosity

. +oncentration o suspensoid #suspended particles$

he actors contributing to

ma(imal stability


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ype o *uspension

ype o particle solid

• 6loculated suspension

• 3e?oculated suspension

*ize o particle &

• +olloidal suspension• +oarse suspension


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#.Surface $otential• *urace potential e(ists !hen dispersed solid particles in a

suspension possess charge in relation to their surroundingli;uid medium. *olid particles may become charged

through di@erent !ays. " the suspension containselectrolytes, selectie adsorption o a particular ionicspecies by the solid particles is a possibility. his !ill lead tothe ormation o charged particles.

• *olid particles can also be charged by ionization ounctional group o the particles. "n this case, the totalcharge is a unction o the pB o the surrounding ehicle.


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dalam media cair bisa bermuatanPartikel Terdispersidengan beberapa cara :

Adsorpsi selektif dari ionik yang ada dalam larutan,

ditambahkan atau dari air murni

uatan timbul dari ionisasi gugus ! gugus "C##$%

Perbedaan konstanta dielektrik antara partikel danmedium pendispersi


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*edimentation =ate

• he rate o sedimentation o particles can be determined by*tokesC la!&

D E d2#F1 F2$

1G H

• !here V is the terminal velocity of sedimentation (cm/s), dis the diameter of the particle #cm$, F 1 and F 2 are thedensities of the suspended particles and the medium,respectively, is the acceleration due to ravity, and H isthe viscosity of the medium!


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Iapisan Iistrik 7anda pada permukaan pemisah antara duaase menunJukkan distribusi ion ion. *istem secarakeseluruhan adalah netral secara elektrik

aaC & ion penentupotensial

bbC & counterionatau7egenion

3aerah iris#terikat

kuat$

LL

LLLLL

LL

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L L

L

L

a b c d

a% b% c% d%

(apisan (istrik )anda


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Potensial pada permukaan &at padat aa', disebabkan ionpenentu potensial adalah potensial elektrotermodinamik

*+ernst,# -( didefinisikan sebagai perbedaan potensial antara

permukaan yang sebenarnya dengan daerah netral listrik dari

larutan tersebut

Potensial pada bidang iris bb' dikenal se!aai potensialelektrokinetik atau potensial zeta# didefinisikan sebagai

perbedaan potensial antara bidang iris dengan daerah netral

listrik dari larutan tersebut

Potensial &eta inilah yang mengatur derajat tolak menolakantara partikel ! partikel terdispersi bermuatan sama dan saling

berdekatan

Potensial +ernst dan Potensial .eta


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he relationship bet!een Mernst and zeta potentials


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Met energy o interaction bet!een t!o particles as aunction o interparticulate distance


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&akingde'oc

(o caking'oc

&akingde'oc

) e t a p o t e n t i a

l * m + ,

&ationic 'occulating agent

Sedimentat

ion+o

lume,

-

-


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#L$ a preentially adsorbed ion !hose charge inopposite in sign to that on the particle leads to aprogressie lo!ering o Nz.

)t some concentration o the added ion theelectrical orces o repulsion are lo!ered su:cientlythat the orces a attraction predominate4articlesmay approach each other more closely and orm

loose aggregates, termed ?ocs?occulated

procces


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6locculation&)ggregation by chemical bridging,reduction o repulsie potential at the double layer

#L$#L$ ?occulating agent can resere the aboeprocces, i the Nz increases su:ciently in theopposite direction

procces


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6locculated O 3e?occulates *uspension

e/occulated locculated

1. 4articles e(ist in suspension asseparate entities

2. =ate o sedimentation is slo!, sinceeach particle settles separately anparticle size is minimal

. he sediment eentually becomesery closely packed, due to !eight oupper layers o sedimentingmaterial. =epulsie orce bet!eenparticles are oercome and a hardcake is ormed !hich is di@ucult, i

not impossible to redisperse

P. he suspension has a pleasingappearance, since the suspendedmaterial remain suspended or arelatiely long time. he supernatantalso remains cloudy, een !hensettling is apparent

4articles orm loose aggregates

=ate o sedimentation is high, sinceparticles settle as a ?oc, !hich is acolection o particle.

) sediment is ormed rapidly

) sediment is loosely packed andpossesses a sca@old-like structure.4articles do not bond tightly to eachother and a hard, dense cake does notorm. he sediment is easy to redisperse,

so as to reorm the original suspension.

he suspension is some!hat unsightly,do to rapid sedimentation and thepresence o an obious , clearsupernatant region. his can minimized ithe olume o sediment is made large."deally, olume o sediment should

encompass the olume o thesuspension


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6locculated O 3e?occulates*uspension


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6locculated *uspension

pen-net!ork suspensionaggregate


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3e?occulated *uspension

3ispersedparticles

+losed suspensionaggregate


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$articles

e/oculatedsuspensionin structured

+ehicles as nalproduct

loculatedsuspension

as nal product

loculatedsuspensionin structured

+ehicles as nal

product

)ddition o !etting agent and dispersionmedium

niform dispersionof de'occulsted

particles

niorm dispersion ode?occulsted particles

)ddition o6locculating)gent

)ddition o6locculating)gent

"ncorporation o

*tructuredehicles

2 3 &

loculatedsuspension

4he 2lternati+e approaches to the

formulation of suspensions


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Suspension S1 UNG 2011 (1)w

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