Estimation of suspended sediments Estimation of suspended sediments i MODIS 250 b di MODIS 250 b d iiusing MODIS 250 m bands using MODIS 250 m bands in in

Mayagüez Bay Puerto RicoMayagüez Bay Puerto RicoMayagüez Bay, Puerto RicoMayagüez Bay, Puerto RicoUndergraduate Research ReportUndergraduate Research Report

José F. Martínez ColónJosé F. Martínez ColónUniversity of Puerto RicoUniversity of Puerto Rico

Mayagüez CampusMayagüez CampusMayagüez CampusMayagüez CampusDepartment of GeologyDepartment of Geology

OverviewOverviewOverviewOverview

IntroductionIntroductionStudy areaStudy areaPrevious workPrevious work

ObjectiveObjectiveMethodologyMethodology

I li d iI li d iInstruments, sampling, and processingInstruments, sampling, and processingResultsResultsDiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussionConclusionConclusionAcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

Study area: MayagüezStudy area: MayagüezStudy area: Mayagüez Study area: Mayagüez BayBay

Rivers: Yagüez, Rivers: Yagüez, Guanajibo, and AGuanajibo, and AññascoascoSuspended sediments Suspended sediments

Ch ti l tiCh ti l tiChange optical propertiesChange optical propertiesAffect phytoplankton Affect phytoplankton biomassbiomassGrowth rate of coral reefsGrowth rate of coral reefs

Figure 1:Location of study area: Mayagüez Bay, PR

(GERS Laboratory)

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

Previous workPrevious workGonzález: 2005González: 2005

River plume dynamics River plume dynamics using AVIRIS (Airborneusing AVIRIS (Airborneusing AVIRIS (Airborne using AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/Infrared imagine Visible/Infrared imagine Spectrometer)Spectrometer)Preliminary test using Preliminary test using

A

y gy gMODIS (Moderate MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 1 km Spectroradiometer) 1 km bandsbandsbandsbands

Better spatial resolution Better spatial resolution neededneeded B

Figure 2:A: AVIRIS image of the Mayagüez Bay, PR

B: Suspended sediments measured with MODIS(González, 2005)

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

Previous workPrevious workPrevious workPrevious workMiller and McKee: 2004Miller and McKee: 2004

Study of northern Gulf of Study of northern Gulf of MexicoMexicoLinear relationship: Linear relationship: in situin situSuspended Matter vs. Suspended Matter vs. MODIS Terra Band 1 (620 MODIS Terra Band 1 (620 ––670 nm)670 nm)Provided evidence of Provided evidence of

ddsediment transportsediment transport

Figure 3:Calibrated images of Mississippi River delta

derived from MODIS Terra Band 1(Miller & McKee, 2004)

ObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectives

Evaluate algorithmEvaluate algorithmEvaluate algorithm Evaluate algorithm developed by Miller and developed by Miller and McKee (2004)McKee (2004)Evaluate suspended Evaluate suspended sediments dynamics in sediments dynamics in Mayagüez Bay. Mayagüez Bay.

Figure 4:TSM vs. MODIS Terra Band 1 reflectance

(Miller and McKee, 2004)

MethodologyMethodologyMethodologyMethodology

Phase 1:Phase 1:Phase 1:Phase 1:Data collectionData collection

In situIn situ measurements in measurements in Mayagüez BayMayagüez BayCampaigns: 2001 Campaigns: 2001 –– 20062006

Image collectionImage collectionggMODIS images MODIS images corresponding dates of corresponding dates of monitoringmonitoringggStations used: 1, 4, 5, 7, 9, Stations used: 1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 2424

Figure 5:Array of sampling stations in Mayagüez Bay, PR

MethodologyMethodologyMethodologyMethodology

Phase 2:Phase 2:Phase 2:Phase 2:Image preprocessing with ENVI 4.2 (Environment Image preprocessing with ENVI 4.2 (Environment for Visualization of Images)for Visualization of Images)

Subsets: cut Subsets: cut –– out of area of interestout of area of interestGeoGeo--referencing: State Plane NAD 83referencing: State Plane NAD 83S i i lit t lS i i lit t lScreening: image quality controlScreening: image quality controlAtmospheric correction:Atmospheric correction:

Dark Subtract: selection of darkest pixel in scene to remove Dark Subtract: selection of darkest pixel in scene to remove atmosphere effects atmosphere effects

Algorithm application: Algorithm application: Model: 1140 * (MODIS B1) Model: 1140 * (MODIS B1) –– 1.911.91( )( )

MethodologyMethodologyMethodologyMethodology

Phase 3:Phase 3:Station Number

Station Name Latitude LongitudePhase 3:Phase 3:

Data comparisonData comparisonStations on image (Region Stations on image (Region

1 S1, A1* 18o 16.00' 67o 12.00'

4 S4, A2* 18o 16.00' 67o 15.20'

5 S5, AAA* 18o 14.40' 67o 11.40'

of Interest)of Interest)In situIn situ Measurements vs. Measurements vs. MODIS B1 Suspended MODIS B1 Suspended

7 S7 18o 14.40' 67o 13.50'

9 S9 18o 13.14' 67o 10.14'

11 S11 18o 13.14' 67o 12.25'

Sediment Concentration Sediment Concentration relationshiprelationship

13 S13, Y1* 18o 12.20' 67o 09.78'

15 S15 18o 12.20' 67o 11.95'

17 S17 18o 11.33' 67o 10.80'

19 S19 18o 11.33' 67o 12.90'

21 S21, G1* 18o 10.25' 67o 11.10'

23 S23 18o 10.25' 67o 13.15'

24 G2* 18 10 25' 67 14 80'

Figure 6:Table 1: Locations of sampling stations

(* = sampled in 2005 – 2006)

24 G2* 18o 10.25' 67o 14.80'

ResultsResultsResultsResultsSuspended Sediment Concentration (Field) vs.

Suspended Sediment Concentration (MODIS Terra 250 m Band 1)

25

30

ratio

n (m

g / l

)

2

20

men

t con

cent

r

R2 = 0.0845

10

15

uspe

nded

sed

i

5

Mea

sure

d su

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

MODIS Band 1 suspended sediment concentration

DiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussion

MODIS 250 m bands:MODIS 250 m bands:MODIS 250 m bands:MODIS 250 m bands:Good spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutionGood spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutionResults suggest further investigationResults suggest further investigationResults suggest further investigationResults suggest further investigationTwo main reasons for invalidationTwo main reasons for invalidation

Atmosphere components influenceAtmosphere components influenceAtmosphere components influenceAtmosphere components influenceDifference of coastal environments (Mayagüez Bay vs. Difference of coastal environments (Mayagüez Bay vs. Gulf of Mexico)Gulf of Mexico)))

DiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussionAtmosphere influenceAtmosphere influence

No robust correction method availableNo robust correction method availableD k Pi l S bD k Pi l S bDark Pixel SubtractDark Pixel Subtract

Used in a variety of conditionsUsed in a variety of conditionsVulnerable to noiseVulnerable to noise

Mixed pixelsMixed pixelsMixed pixelsMixed pixelsCloud coverage effect on surrounding pixelsCloud coverage effect on surrounding pixels

A BFigure 7:

MODIS Terra 250 m Band 1 images (A: Image after atmosphere correction; B: Image after application of algorithm)

A B

DiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussion

Difference ofDifference ofDifference of Difference of environmentsenvironments

Discharge variationsDischarge variationsAAññasco River, PR: 290.8 asco River, PR: 290.8 551.9 f551.9 f33/s /s Mississippi River, LA: Mississippi River, LA:

App ,pp ,

200,000 200,000 500,000 f500,000 f33/s /s

Greater discharge = Greater discharge = greater suspended loadgreater suspended loadgreater suspended load greater suspended load and easier particle reand easier particle re--suspensionsuspension

BFigure 8:

A: Añasco River; B: Mississippi River delta(GERS Laboratory)

B

ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion

MODIS Terra 250 m Band 1MODIS Terra 250 m Band 1MODIS Terra 250 m Band 1MODIS Terra 250 m Band 1Good image quality (spatial and spectral resolution)Good image quality (spatial and spectral resolution)Screening and processing a mustScreening and processing a mustScreening and processing a mustScreening and processing a must

Cloud coverageCloud coverageOverall atmosphere effectsOverall atmosphere effectsOverall atmosphere effectsOverall atmosphere effects

Suspended Sediment Concentration modelSuspended Sediment Concentration modelProposed algorithm invalidatedProposed algorithm invalidatedProposed algorithm invalidatedProposed algorithm invalidatedRegional algorithm needed to study dynamics of Regional algorithm needed to study dynamics of Mayagüez BayMayagüez BayMayagüez BayMayagüez Bay

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Patrick Reyes (Ph D student)Patrick Reyes (Ph D student)Patrick Reyes (Ph. D. student)Patrick Reyes (Ph. D. student)William Hernández (Ph. D. student)William Hernández (Ph. D. student)D Ri h d L MillD Ri h d L MillDr. Richard L. MillerDr. Richard L. MillerDr. Fernando GilbesDr. Fernando Gilbes