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Transcript of Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY The Civil War (1861-1865) Through Maps, Charts,...
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Susan M. PojerSusan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NYNY
Susan M. PojerSusan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NYNY
TheTheCivil WarCivil War
(1861-1865)(1861-1865)ThroughThrough
Maps, Charts,Maps, Charts,Graphs &Graphs &PicturesPictures
TheTheCivil WarCivil War
(1861-1865)(1861-1865)ThroughThrough
Maps, Charts,Maps, Charts,Graphs &Graphs &PicturesPictures
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North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861
NorthNorth SouthSouth
Advantages ?? ??
Disadvantages ?? ??
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Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth
Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth
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Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861
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Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860
Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860
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Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth
Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth
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The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861
The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861
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Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War
Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War
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Ohio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military Service
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Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined
Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined
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ImmigrantImmigrantss
as a as a %%of a of a
State’sState’sPopulationPopulation
inin18601860
ImmigrantImmigrantss
as a as a %%of a of a
State’sState’sPopulationPopulation
inin18601860
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The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy
The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy
Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens
VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens
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The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”
The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”
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The Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate Seal
MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”
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A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis
A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis
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OvervieOverviewwofof
the the North’sNorth’s
Civil WarCivil WarStrategyStrategy
::
““AnaconAnaconda”da”PlanPlan
OvervieOverviewwofof
the the North’sNorth’s
Civil WarCivil WarStrategyStrategy
::
““AnaconAnaconda”da”PlanPlan
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The “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” Plan
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Lincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s Generals
Irwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowell
Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott
George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!
George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!
George McClellanMcClellanGeorge McClellanMcClellan
Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside
Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker
George MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant
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McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!
McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!
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The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals
The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals
Jeb StuartJeb StuartJeb StuartJeb Stuart
James LongstreetJames LongstreetJames LongstreetJames Longstreet
George PickettGeorge PickettGeorge PickettGeorge Pickett
““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest
Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest
Robert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee
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Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)
July, 1861July, 1861
Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)
July, 1861July, 1861
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The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,
March, 1862March, 1862
The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,
March, 1862March, 1862The Monitor
vs.the Merrimac
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
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Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor
Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor
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Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service
Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service
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War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862
War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862
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Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the
War”War”
Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the
War”War”
23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties
23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties
September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862
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Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863
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TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati
ononProclamatioProclamatio
nn
TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati
ononProclamatioProclamatio
nn
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The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation
The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation
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African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster
African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster
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The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts
The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts
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August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert
Gould ShawGould Shaw
August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert
Gould ShawGould Shaw
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African-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War BattlesAfrican-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War Battles
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Black Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing Slaves
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Extensive Legislation Extensive Legislation PassedPassed
Without the South in Without the South in CongressCongress
Extensive Legislation Extensive Legislation PassedPassed
Without the South in Without the South in CongressCongress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
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The North Takes Turns the Tide of The North Takes Turns the Tide of WarWar
I.I. The war continuesThe war continues1.1. Dec. ’62 Lee beats Union at Dec. ’62 Lee beats Union at
Fredericksburg, VAFredericksburg, VA
2.2. May ’63 south wins at Chancellorsville, May ’63 south wins at Chancellorsville, VA (Stonewall Jackson dies)VA (Stonewall Jackson dies)
3.3. Lee goes on the offensive into Maryland Lee goes on the offensive into Maryland and up into PA – Gen. Meade (union) follows and up into PA – Gen. Meade (union) follows north, they meet at Gettysburg, PAnorth, they meet at Gettysburg, PA
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The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863
The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863
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II.II. Gettysburg (three days in July)Gettysburg (three days in July)
1.1. July 1, 1863 Battle begins in morning when July 1, 1863 Battle begins in morning when Confederates led by A.P. Hill attack North of town & Confederates led by A.P. Hill attack North of town & confront John Buford and Union troops.confront John Buford and Union troops.
a.a. Buford holds despite being outnumbered, Buford holds despite being outnumbered, but by end of day Union pushed back into town.but by end of day Union pushed back into town.
b.b. At end of day reinforcements show up for At end of day reinforcements show up for both sides both sides
– 90,000 Union troops under command of Gen. 90,000 Union troops under command of Gen. MeadeMeade
– 75,000 Confederate troops under Robert E. Lee75,000 Confederate troops under Robert E. Lee
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2.2. July 2July 2 1863 Confederates push Union 1863 Confederates push Union out of Gettysburg & take control of town.out of Gettysburg & take control of town.
a.a. Union sets up defense south of town Union sets up defense south of town at Cemetery Ridge to Big Round Top (High at Cemetery Ridge to Big Round Top (High Ground)Ground)
b.b. Union forms the “fish hook” defense Union forms the “fish hook” defense (communication & quick reinforcement)(communication & quick reinforcement)
c.c. Attacks by south led by Gen. James Attacks by south led by Gen. James LongstreetLongstreet
Little Round Top (extreme left flank of union army)Little Round Top (extreme left flank of union army)
Devil’s Den (slaughter pen/valley of death)Devil’s Den (slaughter pen/valley of death)
The Wheatfield (heaviest fighting of civil war)The Wheatfield (heaviest fighting of civil war)
The Peach Orchard (union army split in two, The Peach Orchard (union army split in two, pushed back to Culp’s Hill)pushed back to Culp’s Hill)
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3.3. July 3, 1863 Union regains high ground at Culp’s HillJuly 3, 1863 Union regains high ground at Culp’s Hill
a.a. Gen. Lee orders artillery barrage on center of Union Gen. Lee orders artillery barrage on center of Union lines on Cemetery Ridge for 2 hourslines on Cemetery Ridge for 2 hours
b.b. Around 3 PM 12,500 Confederate troops charge out Around 3 PM 12,500 Confederate troops charge out of tree line at Seminary Ridge – of tree line at Seminary Ridge – Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge – – All out frontal assault on center of Union linesAll out frontal assault on center of Union lines
Union guns fire back & devastate Confederate lines = Union Union guns fire back & devastate Confederate lines = Union wins Battle of Gettysburgwins Battle of Gettysburg
Lee depressed, retreats to Virginia, never takes offensive Lee depressed, retreats to Virginia, never takes offensive againagain
3 day battle claims 23,000 union soldiers dead/wounded3 day battle claims 23,000 union soldiers dead/wounded
28,000 confederates dead/wounded28,000 confederates dead/wounded
approx. 51,000 = almost as many as Vietnam (58,000)approx. 51,000 = almost as many as Vietnam (58,000)
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Gettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualtiesGettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualties
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III.III. U.S. Grant wins at Vicksburg, MSU.S. Grant wins at Vicksburg, MS1.1. surrounds city after Confederates refuse surrounds city after Confederates refuse
to surrender and orders artillery barrages for to surrender and orders artillery barrages for several hours a dayseveral hours a daya.a. Confederate soldiers and towns Confederate soldiers and towns
people out of food and supplies = Vicksburg falls people out of food and supplies = Vicksburg falls on July 4, 1863 (one of last Confed. Forts of Miss. on July 4, 1863 (one of last Confed. Forts of Miss. R.)R.)
2.2. Nov. ’63 Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Nov. ’63 Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Address @ cemetery in GettysburgAddress @ cemetery in Gettysburga.a. 2 minute speech = USA a single 2 minute speech = USA a single
unionunion
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The War The War in in
the West, the West, 1863:1863:
VicksburgVicksburg
The War The War in in
the West, the West, 1863:1863:
VicksburgVicksburg
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The North The North Initiates Initiates
the Draft, the Draft, 18631863
The North The North Initiates Initiates
the Draft, the Draft, 18631863
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Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC
Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC
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Recruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYC
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NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)
NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)
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NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)
NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)
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A “Pogrom” Against A “Pogrom” Against BlacksBlacks
A “Pogrom” Against A “Pogrom” Against BlacksBlacks
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IV.IV. The Confederacy Wears DownThe Confederacy Wears Down1.1. Gettysburg & Vicksburg cost south a lot Gettysburg & Vicksburg cost south a lot
of manpower.of manpower.low on shoes, food, uniforms, guns, ammo = just low on shoes, food, uniforms, guns, ammo = just want to hold on nowwant to hold on now
southern morale low = troops leave to go back to southern morale low = troops leave to go back to farmsfarms
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Inflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the South
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The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865
The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865
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2.2. Grant & Sherman wage “Total War” on Grant & Sherman wage “Total War” on southsoutha.a. fight not only armies and gov.’t, but fight not only armies and gov.’t, but
civilians. Break their will to fight!civilians. Break their will to fight!
b.b. May to June 1864 Grant fights with May to June 1864 Grant fights with Lee in Virginia – Grant nicknamed the “Butcher” Lee in Virginia – Grant nicknamed the “Butcher” cause he continuously attacks despite heavy cause he continuously attacks despite heavy casultiescasulties
c.c. Gen. Shermans’s March – destroyed Gen. Shermans’s March – destroyed every city on path through GA to Atlanticevery city on path through GA to Atlantic
Burns Atlanta, Savannah – frees slaves, they joinBurns Atlanta, Savannah – frees slaves, they join
Turns North though SC into NC to help Grant finish Turns North though SC into NC to help Grant finish Lee in VALee in VA
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ShermaSherman’sn’s
“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”
throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,
18641864
ShermaSherman’sn’s
“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”
throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,
18641864
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d.d. election of 1864 Lincoln beats George election of 1864 Lincoln beats George McClellan & John C. Fremont (He wins 55% McClellan & John C. Fremont (He wins 55% of pop vote)of pop vote)
e.e. Grant pushes from NW, Sherman from Grant pushes from NW, Sherman from S – Jefferson Davis & Gov.’t flee Richmond S – Jefferson Davis & Gov.’t flee Richmond and burn it downand burn it down
f.f. April 9, 1865 @ Appomattox Court House Lee April 9, 1865 @ Appomattox Court House Lee & Grant meet to arrange Confederate & Grant meet to arrange Confederate surrender = Civil War over, ends without surrender = Civil War over, ends without punishment to southpunishment to south
g.g.Lincoln assassinated April 14, 1865 by John Lincoln assassinated April 14, 1865 by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Wash, DCWilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Wash, DC
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1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)
George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)
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PresidePresidential ntial
Election Election
Results:Results:
18641864
PresidePresidential ntial
Election Election
Results:Results:
18641864
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The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads
The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads
Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham
Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham
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1864 Copperhead 1864 Copperhead Campaign PosterCampaign Poster1864 Copperhead 1864 Copperhead Campaign PosterCampaign Poster
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Cartoon Lampoons Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads Democratic Copperheads
in 1864in 1864
Cartoon Lampoons Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads Democratic Copperheads
in 1864in 1864
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The Final Virginia The Final Virginia Campaign:Campaign:1864-18651864-1865
The Final Virginia The Final Virginia Campaign:Campaign:1864-18651864-1865
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f.f. April 9, 1865 @ Appomattox Court House Lee April 9, 1865 @ Appomattox Court House Lee & Grant meet to arrange Confederate & Grant meet to arrange Confederate surrender = Civil War over, ends without surrender = Civil War over, ends without punishment to southpunishment to south
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Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox
April 9, 1865April 9, 1865
Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox
April 9, 1865April 9, 1865
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Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides
Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides
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Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other
WarsWars
Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other
WarsWars
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V.V. Costs of WarCosts of War1.1. Union = 360,000 men deadUnion = 360,000 men dead
2.2. Confederacy = 260,000 deadConfederacy = 260,000 dead
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Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)
Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)
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The AssassinThe AssassinThe AssassinThe Assassin
John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth
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The AssassinationThe AssassinationThe AssassinationThe Assassination
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WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!
WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!
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Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!
Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!
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h. Union and Reconstruction of South now h. Union and Reconstruction of South now in hands of southerner and former slave in hands of southerner and former slave owner Andrew Johnson (VP)owner Andrew Johnson (VP)
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The ExecutionThe ExecutionThe ExecutionThe Execution