1. Surviving College: Booze, Drugs, & Neurobiology Morgan Johnson Austin Travis County Integral Care October, 2013

2. Commonly Abused Substances Alcohol Cocaine/Crack Codeine (aka: lean, sizzurp, drank) Club Drugs (e.g., MDMA, Rohypnol) Dissociative Drugs (e.g., Ketamine, PCP) Ecstasy/MDMA (aka: molly) Heroin Inhalants (e.g., glue, nitrous oxide) LSD Marijuana Mescaline Methamphetamine Prescription Drugs (e.g., Xanax, Vicotin, Oxycotin) Psilocybin Mushrooms (aka: magic mushrooms) Synthetic Marijuana (aka: kush, spice) 3. Cannabinoids Marijuana AKA: bud, bobo, chronic,dope, ganja, grass, green, hash, herb, killer, pot, reggie, reefer, weed Acute Effects Euphoria, relaxation, slowedreaction time, distorted sensory perception, impaired balance and coordination, increased heart rate and appetite, impaired learning and memory, anxiety, panic attacks, and psychosis Health Risks Cough, frequent respiratory infections, possible mental health decline, and addiction 4. Is weed addictive or not? 5. Abuse vs. Dependence Abuse Fail to fulfill major role obligations (work, school,family) Use substances in situations that are physically hazardous Legal problems Continue use despite having recurrent interpersonal problems Dependence Tolerance Withdrawal Take substances in larger amount over longerperiod of time Try to cut down but struggle 6. Synthetic Marijuana Also known as: Kush K2 Spice Climax 7. How is it made? Plant material laced (i.e., sprayed) with syntheticcannabinoids that claim to mimic tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. First synthesized by US scientists (great job, guys) attempting to create a way to test people for marijuana. 8. Adverse Physiological Effects Agitation Anxiety Nausea Vomiting Tachycardia Elevated Blood Pressure Tremor Seizures Hallucinations Paranoid Behavior 9. How is it marketed and sold? False advertising Packages labeled aspotpourri, herbal incense, and/or not for human consumption to avoid FDA regulatory oversight and to mask the intended purpose Marketed as a legal high for young people, sometimes as an alternative for those on 10. Synthetic Drug Control Act of 2011 (from Library of Congress; govtrack.us) 12/8/2011Passed House amended. Extends the period for which the Attorney Generalmay temporarily schedule a substance in Schedule I to avoid an imminent hazard to public safety to 2 yrs. Amends the Controlled Substances Act to add as Schedule I controlled substances: (1) any material, compound, mixture, or preparationwhich contains specified cannabimimetric agents (or the salts, isomers, or salts of isomers thereof); and (2) specified additional hallucinogenic substances (or the salts, isomers, or salts of isomers thereof). 11. So what exactly is the law in TX? In Texas, General Class Banon synthetic marijuana, a bill (SB 331) that was introduced in 2011. Texas Controlled Substances Act (from prweb.com) Every controlled substancegroup is classified into one of four penalty groups (PG-1, PG2, PG-3, and PG-4). PG-1 results in the most seriouscriminal penalties PG-4 results in the least serious criminal penalties Synthetic marijuana isdesignated as PG-2-A any quantity of a syntheticcompound that is a cannabinoid receptor agonist and mimics the effects of naturally occurring 12. News Headline: Teenage girl left brain damaged and paralyzed after smoking synthetic marijuana.Synthetic Awareness for Emily (S.A.F.E.) was founded by the family after Emily Bauer, 17, was stricken after smoking potpourri. 13. Moving on to MDMA 14. MDMA AKA: disco biscuits, E, ecstasy,Molly, roll, X First made in Germany, 1912, as an appetite suppressant. 3-4 methylenedioxymethamphetami ne MDMA is one of the drugs identified by the National Institute on Drug Abuse as an emerging trend in the US. Molly refers to the purecrystalline powder form of MDMA, which is known as Ecstasy in pill form. Acute Effects energy, euphoria, dangerousbody temperature changes, confusion, depression, and 15. Effects of MDMA/Molly 16. Effects of Molly on the Brain/Body Acute: dehydration,tachycardia, pupil dilation, increased body temperature Increases the activity of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; primarily serotonin Next day: lack of serotonin; depression Long-term, it can damage serotonin-containing neurons, leading to lasting confusion and 17. Commonly Abused Psychoactive Medications 18. Depressants e.g., barbiturates (barbs), Xanax(downers/benzos), sleep medications like Ambien Intoxication Effects Sedation/drowsiness, reducedanxiety, feelings of well-being, lowered inhibitions, slurred speech, poor concentration, confusion, dizziness, impaired coordination and memory Health Risks Lowered blood pressure, slowedbreathing, tolerance, withdrawal (potentially life-threatening with barbs), addiction, increased risk of respiratory distress 19. Opioids& Morphine Derivatives e.g., Codeine (lean), Morphine, Methadone,Fentanyl Intoxication Effects Pain relief, euphoria, drowsiness, sedation,weakness, dizziness, nausea, impaired coordination, confusion, dry mouth, itching, sweating, clammy skin, constipation Health Risks Slowed or arrested breathing, lowered pulse andblood pressure, tolerance, addiction, unconsciousness, coma, death Risk of death is increased with combined withalcohol or other CNS depressants 20. Opioid Trends Significant abuse potential Deaths from prescriptionopioid medications now outnumber overdose deaths from all other drugs, including cocaine and heroin (drugabuse.gov). Abuse of Pain Relievers e.g., Oxycodone (Oxy),Hydrocodone, Vicodin, Demerol 21. Stimulants Amphetamines Significant abuse potential Biphetamine, Dexedrine, Adderal Acute Effects Feelings of exhilaration, increased energy, mental alertness, rapid breathing, tremor, loss of coordination, irritability, anxiousness, restlessness/delirium, panic, paranoia, hallucinations, impulsive behavior, aggressiveness, tolerance, addiction Health Risks Weight loss, insomnia, cardiac or cardiovascular complications, stroke, seizures, and addiction. Methylphenidate Concerta, Ritalin AKA: JIF, MPF, R-ball, Skippy, vitamin R, pineapple Health Risks 22. Alcohol 23. Alcohol Found in: Liquor, beer, and wine Acute effects In low doses Euphoria, mild stimulation, relaxation, lowered inhibitions In higher doses Drowsiness, slurred speech, nausea, emotional volatility, loss of coordination, visual distortions, impaired memory, sexual dysfunction, and loss of consciousness Health Risks Increased risk of injuries, violence, fetal damage (inpregnant women), depression, neurologic deficits, hypertension, liver and heart disease, addiction, and fatal overdose 24. DWI Trends in Austin Last 20 months: 11,503 drunken driving cases 47 fatal crashes in 2010, 13 fewer than the year before Graph from policechiefmagazine.org: 25. What you need to know about drinking in college 26. For References & More Information: NCSL Issues and Research- Civil and Criminal Justice. Synthetic Cannabinoid Enactments. Updated 11.28.12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC.gov The National Institute on Drug Abuse DrugAbuse.gov Federal Drug AdministrationFDA.org Texas Department of Public Safety Texas Gang Intelligence Indextxdps.state.tx.us/txgangs 2011 National Survey of Drug Use and Health 2012 Monitoring the Future Study