EUROPEAN COMMISSION HEALTH AND CONSUMERS DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Director General

SANCO/10293/2013

Programmes for the eradication, control and monitoring of certain animal diseases and zoonoses

Survey programme for Avian Influenza

United Kingdom

Approved* for 2013 by Commission Decision 2012/761/EU

* in accordance with Council Decision 2009/470/EC

Commission européenne, B-1049 Bruxelles / Europese Commissie, B-1049 Brussel - Belgium. Telephone: (32-2) 299 11 11.

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Standard requirements for the submission of surveillance programmes for avian influenzaversion : 2.2

1. Identification of the programme

Member state : UNITED KINGDOM

Disease : avian influenza in poultry and wild birds

Request of Community co-financing from beginning of : 2013 to end of 2013

1.1 Contact

Name : Balazs Toth

Phone : +44 207 238 6346

Fax. : +44 207 238 5822

Email : Balazs.Toth@ahvla.gsi.gov.uk

2. Description and implementation of the surveillance programme in poultry

2.1.1 Designation of the central authority in charge of supervising and coordinating the departments responsible for implementing the programme

(max. 32000 chars) :

Defra coordinates the departments and agencies responsible for implementing the programme and is responsible for making policy decisions. The National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Avian Influenza & Newcastle Disease at AHVLA Weybridge is responsible for all aspects of laboratory testing and reporting of laboratory results to Defra for samples collected in Great Britain (GB), as well as for any samples referred by DARD/AFBI, Northern Ireland, and provision of technical advice and consultancy. The Epidemiology, Surveillance and Risk and the Data Systems groups at AHVLA Weybridge are

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Standard requirements for the submission of surveillance programmes for avian influenzaversion : 2.2

responsible for epidemiological analysis of poultry data for survey design and for analysis of results. In Northern Ireland (NI), DARD Veterinary Service is responsible for collecting samples for submission to AFBI Stoney Road, with any positive findings sent to AHVLA Weybridge for further testing. Survey progress and final data are sent to AHVLA Weybridge for collation into the UK returns to the European Commission. In GB, the field staff of AHVLA (formerly the Animal Health agency) are responsible for the collection of blood samples from eligible poultry flocks within the designated timeframe and submitting these for laboratory testing at the NRL at AHVLA Weybridge.

2.1.2 System in place for the registration of holdings

(max. 32000 chars) :

In Great Britain, poultry flock registration is compulsory for owners keeping 50 or more poultry on a premises; this includes premises that are stocked with more than 50 birds for only part of the year. Owners of smaller flocks may register on a voluntary basis. In Northern Ireland (NI) all poultry owners must register with the NI bird register.

2.1.3 Design (risk based or surveillance based on representative sampling)

(max. 32000 chars) :

The UK poultry survey for avian influenza (AI) viruses of subtype H5 and H7 is a risk-based, targeted serological survey based on the provisions of and criteria and guidelines in Commission Decision 2010/367/EU. As such, the risk-based surveillance (RBS) approach represents an active surveillance framework that complements existing early detection - passive surveillance - systems for detection of avian notifiable disease in domestic poultry (1, 2). It is also relevant to note that scanning surveillance approaches may be less sensitive for detecting AI in ducks and geese (anseriformes) compared to other domestic poultry such as turkeys and chickens (galliformes). The choice of RBS approach has been determined by assessment at Member State level of criteria and risk factors listed in Section 4.1 of Decision 2010/367/EU. This includes consideration of relevant risk pathways for infection of poultry flocks (incursion and secondary spread) in the UK, specifically: (i) Direct or indirect contact with wild birds, particularly migratory species of waterfowl; (ii) Direct or indirect contact with infected poultry; (iii) Between flock movements of poultry, poultry products, personnel and fomites. Therefore, the RBS approach comprises sampling targeted towards those poultry holdings in the UK

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Standard requirements for the submission of surveillance programmes for avian influenzaversion : 2.2

considered to be at greater risk of infection with AI with regard to the risk pathways outlined above, available data and with exclusion of specified poultry production types on the basis of perceived risk of infection with AI – see sections 2.1.3.2 and 2.2 below. Serum samples are screened for the presence of antibodies to avian influenza viruses of subtypes H5 and H7. Following a positive serological result, movement restrictions are served on the premises and further field and laboratory investigations are carried out to establish whether active infection is present or not. The objectives of the avian influenza RBS in domestic poultry are to: • Detect LPAI of subtypes H5 and H7 in galliformes or anseriformes birds; • Detect LPAI of subtypes H5 and H7 and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in domestic waterfowl; • To target this surveillance at higher risk poultry populations, relating to specified risk factors – see below. 1) For example, Article 2 of Commission Decision 2005/734/EC of 19 October 2005 laying down biosecurity measures to reduce the risk of transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza caused by Influenza virus A subtype H5N1 from birds living in the wild to poultry and other captive birds and providing for an early detection system in areas at particular risk: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2005:274:0105:0107:EN:PDF 2) Chapter II(2) of the Annex to Commission Decision 2006/437/EC of 4 August 2006 approving a Diagnostic Manual for avian influenza as provided for in Council Directive 2005/94/EC: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2006/l_237/l_23720060831en00010027.pdf

2.1.3.1 Short description of predominant poultry population and types of poultry production

(max. 32000 chars) :

The UK poultry population is characterised by several different poultry species and production categories, as well as different types of flock management/husbandry system. In brief, poultry flocks in the UK can be catergorised as backyard/hobby flocks or commercial flocks. The UK poultry population is also characterised by different poultry species, as follows: • Domestic chickens - breeder, layer and broiler flocks. • Turkeys - fattener (meat-type) and breeder flocks. • Ducks - breeder, meat and layer flocks. • Geese - breeder, meat and layer flocks. • Feathered game classified as poultry - breeders and rearer flocks of pheasants, partridges and ducks reared for shooting. • Other minor poultry species including: guinea fowl, quail, pigeons reared for meat, ostriches, emus, rheas, cassowaries and kiwis. Typically in the UK, backyard/hobby flocks have access to accommodation and the outdoors and have

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Standard requirements for the submission of surveillance programmes for avian influenzaversion : 2.2

only a few birds. Commercial poultry flocks may be exclusively reared indoors or may be managed as so-called free-range systems and are also large in size. For example, the vast majority of commercial chicken (broiler) and turkey meat production flocks and chicken/turkey breeder flocks are housed at all times. In contrast, approximately 45% of the commercial table egg layer flocks in the UK are free-range. As described in section 2.1.2 above, in Great Britain, poultry flock registration is compulsory for owners keeping 50 or more poultry on a premises; this includes premises that are stocked with more than 50 birds for only part of the year. Owners of smaller flocks may register on a voluntary basis. In Northern Ireland (NI) all poultry owners must register with the NI bird register. For the purposes of the design and approaches of the UK AI Poultry Survey, available national poultry population data sources, specifically the Great Britain Poultry Register (GBPR) and the Northern Ireland poultry register are assessed in conjunction with relevant risk factors and risk pathways, as described in section 2.1.3.2 below. The UK commercial poultry industry is a large, highly coordinated and vertically integrated livestock and food production industry comprising several major sectors (Table 1). Additional information regarding poultry demographics in Great Britain is also provided in the attached document ‘AHVLA_Poultry_GBPR_2012’. Table 1: Summary Profile of the UK Poultry Industry & Demographics Sector: Broiler (3) Consumer Product: Meat No. of holdings (1): 2,350 No. of birds on holdings (millions) (1): 110 No. of birds placed annually (millions) (2): 900 Sector: Layer (3) Consumer Product: Table eggs No. of holdings (1): 6,050 No. of birds on holdings (millions) (1): 40 No. of birds placed annually (millions) (2): 35 Sector: Turkey Consumer Product: Meat No. of holdings (1): 1,250 No. of birds on holdings (millions) (1): 9 No. of birds placed annually (millions) (2): 16 Sector: Duck/Goose Consumer Product: Meat & Table eggs/Meat No. of holdings (1): 2,550 No. of birds on holdings (millions) (1): 6/0.1 No. of birds placed annually (millions) (2): 14/0.3

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Standard requirements for the submission of surveillance programmes for avian influenzaversion : 2.2

Sector: Game Consumer Product: Sport & Meat No. of holdings (1): 8,300 No. of birds on holdings (millions) (1): 50 No. of birds placed annually (millions) (2): 30 Sector: Total No. of holdings (1): 20,500 No. of birds on holdings (millions) (1): 215.1 No. of birds placed annually (millions) (2): 995.3 1) No. of holdings and No. of Birds on Holdings refers to poultry populations at specific points in time, derived from UK Agricultural Census (01 June 2011), GB Poultry Register (GBPR - 01 Jan 2012; legal obligation to register flocks >50 birds) and Northern Ireland poultry population (Jan 2012) figures. In addition, GBPR records show 16,000 holdings with less than 50 birds were registered voluntarily, totalling 280,000 birds. 2) No. of birds placed annually - from Defra Food statistics: http://www.defra.gov.uk/statistics/foodfarm/food/ 3) Broiler and layer sectors refer to the whole chicken production chain – breeders, layer pullets in-rear, hens in-lay and broiler meat-type chickens.

2.1.3.2 Criteria and risk factors for risk based surveillance(1)

(max. 32000 chars) :

UK Risk based surveillance (RBS) Survey design Briefly, the design of the UK RBS approach for the AI poultry survey comprises five parts: 1. Analysis of existing guidelines and datasets: Analysis of criteria and risk factors listed in Section 4.1 of Commission Decision 2010/367/EU with reference to available national poultry population data sources, specifically the Great Britain Poultry Register (GBPR) and the Northern Ireland (NI) poultry register, and relevant risk factors and risk pathways. 2. Risk matrix: Development of a risk matrix relevant to a UK RBS plan for the AI poultry survey. Following part 1 analyses, four specific risk factors were identified for inclusion in the risk matrix, as follows: (i) Location of poultry holdings, incorporating a risk-based analysis that describes high priority surveillance counties, or so-called Blue Counties - BC - that were derived by identifying: (a) Areas where commercial poultry are at greatest risk of an incursion of AI virus from wild birds; (b) Areas in which specified wild bird species (n=24) of the orders Anseriforme (ducks, geese, swans) and Charadiforme (gulls, terns, waders) are most abundant; (c) County areas in which the first two factors coincide or overlap.

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Standard requirements for the submission of surveillance programmes for avian influenzaversion : 2.2

A map showing the high priority surveillance counties - or ‘Blue Counties’ - of Great Britain is available at: http://archive.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/ai/wildbirds/surveymap.htm. In NI, all counties are ‘Blue Counties’. Further description regarding so-called Blue Counties in GB is provided below. (ii) Water body on the poultry premises – WB. (iii) Mixed poultry species holding, where one of the poultry species is waterfowl – MSW. (iv) Free-range (or equivalent management system) – FR. 3. Estimate of the numbers of holdings required for survey selection and recruitment: The numbers of holdings for each poultry production category available for selection and recruitment by AH field staff during the 2011 and 2012 AI poultry surveys were compared to the number of holdings sampled. Hence, an estimate of the numbers of poultry holdings required for the 2013 survey was derived. 4. Exclusion criteria: Justifications for the omission of certain poultry production types on the basis of perceived risk of infection with AI (in line with the provisions of Decision 2010/367/EU). The criteria and associated rationale were derived from expert opinion and are described more fully in section 2.2, paragraph 2(b) below. 5. Sampling frame: Integration of the combined outputs from parts 1-4 above to develop a proposed sampling frame for 2013 AI poultry survey in UK. Further details are also provided in section 2.2 and Tables 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 below. The following types of poultry are included in the survey: o Domestic chickens - layer flocks, including free-range. Breeder flocks are subject to exclusion criteria (see section 2.2 below). Broilers are not included. o Turkeys - fattener (meat type) flocks. Breeder flocks are subject to exclusion criteria (see section 2.2 below). o Ducks - breeder, meat and layer flocks. o Geese - breeder, meat and layer flocks. o Feathered game classified as poultry - breeders flocks of pheasants and partridges and flocks of ducks reared for shooting. Backyard flocks are not included. Summary description of ‘Blue Counties’ in GB The design of the RBS approach for the UK AI poultry survey describes so-called Blue Counties of Great Britain (GB), after Snow et al, (2007). Risk-based surveillance for H5N1 avian influenza virus in wild birds in Great Britain. Veterinary Record, 161, 775-781: http://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/content/161/23/775.full.pdf. Snow et al, (2007) defined the high priority surveillance counties - or ‘Blue Counties’ - of GB as follows: “A single map showing priority areas for surveillance was constructed by calculating the product of the score of wild bird abundance and the score for poultry risk in each 10 km square. The scores were then categorised to give ranks from 1 to 6, with a rank of 6 indicating that there were either no poultry or no

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Standard requirements for the submission of surveillance programmes for avian influenzaversion : 2.2

wild birds present in the 10 km square, and the ranks from 5 to 1 indicating risks in increasing order of priority for surveillance. All the 10 km squares in the top rank, that is, approximately the top 20 per cent of the scored squares, are defined as priority squares for surveillance. Such squares combine a high abundance score for the 24 wild bird species of interest and high densities of higher-risk poultry holdings. To create county level maps, incursion scores were calculated for each county as the average score for all 10km squares with any land within the county boundary i.e. if a square falls on the boundary between two counties it is counted twice. In consultation with policy makers, epidemiologists and ornithologists, the high priority surveillance counties (Blue Counties) were then identified as the top one third of all counties in GB ranked according to average score for 10km squares (those with the highest average incursion risk scores). In addition, to ensure adequate geographical coverage the top scoring one third of counties in Scotland were also highlighted along with the Scottish Borders region. The Isle of Anglesey and Devon were selected because of the exceptionally high poultry and wild bird scores for these areas and for geographical coverage. Using these criteria for selecting priority counties, 40% of the counties in GB have been selected as priority counties for targeted surveillance.

(1) Including maps showing target sampling sites identified as being particularly at risk for the introduction of avian influenza virus, taking into account criteria set out in point 4 of Annex I to Commission Decision 2010/367/EC.

2.2 Target populations (2)

(max. 32000 chars) :

As described in section 2.1.3.2 above, the following types of poultry are included in the survey: o Domestic chickens - layer flocks, including free-range. Breeder flocks are subject to exclusion criteria (see below). Broilers are not included. o Turkeys - fattener (meat type) flocks. Breeder flocks are subject to exclusion criteria (see below). o Ducks - breeder, meat and layer flocks. o Geese - breeder, meat and layer flocks. o Feathered game classified as poultry - breeders flocks of pheasants and partridges and flocks of ducks reared for shooting. Backyard flocks are not included. Target populations of poultry flocks in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are then assessed based on the RBS approach and design described above (section 2.1.3.2) and the following criteria,

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Standard requirements for the submission of surveillance programmes for avian influenzaversion : 2.2

including flock exemptions and exclusions: 1. Selection of premises in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland As described above, the risk matrix developed in part 2 of the Survey Design process includes the four specified risk factors - (i) to (iv) - as risk strata. Premises in each class of poultry will be (as far as is possible) selected for assessment and inclusion in the survey based on the existence of relevant risk factors. This process will be applied for each administrative area of the UK. ‘Blue County’ (BC) forms the primary and universal risk stratum, and is a minimum risk factor requirement for determining selection of UK poultry holdings for all poultry production categories for assessment and recruitment to the survey. Three other risk strata are also defined which incorporate BC and at least one, two or three of the other risk factors described above, namely: WB, MSW and FR. The total number of available poultry holdings will be estimated from GBPR and available poultry population data for Northern Ireland for each poultry production category for each of the risk strata. In addition, based on UK recruitment and eligibility data from previous national poultry surveys (AHVLA and DARDNI) it is possible to estimate the minimum number of holdings required for selection for each poultry production category. Poultry holdings will then be assessed and recruited to optimise the number of available holdings ‘of greatest risk’. This will start with those holdings that are confirmed during the survey recruitment process to fall within the risk stratum defined as ‘poultry holdings located within a Blue County’. A number of additional risk factors (being free-range (or an equivalent management system); having a water body on the premises; being a mixed species holding, where one of the other species is waterfowl) will then be assessed. Premises will then be determined as being eligible for recruitment and sampling, or ineligible, in which case sampling will not take place. The planned number of poultry holdings to be sampled in each respective poultry category represents a maximum number of holdings that are estimated to be characterised by: (i) the specified risk factors described previously, and (ii) the estimated total numbers of available poultry flocks, as determined from retrospective analysis of GBPR and NI poultry population data. Therefore, during the recruitment process a greater or lesser number of poultry premises in each poultry category may actually be confirmed to have the relevant risk factor(s). Hence, if fewer ‘at risk’ holdings are identified as being eligible during the course of the survey period, fewer premises than the planned maximum number for that poultry category (as outlined in Tables 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 below) will be sampled. Selection of premises is carried out by the Epidemiology, Surveillance and Risk and the Data Systems groups at AHVLA Weybridge for England, Scotland and Wales, and by the Department for Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) for Northern Ireland. Recruitment and sampling of premises are performed by AHVLA and DARD field staff. 2. Criteria for assessing premises (including exemptions and exclusions) (a) Assessment criteria. In addition to individual poultry premises being selected and then assessed as eligible for recruitment based on the methods described in sections 2.2 above, premises will also be assessed based on the total number of birds on the premises, for a given species, even when they are in separate flocks, specifically:

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Standard requirements for the submission of surveillance programmes for avian influenzaversion : 2.2

• Ducks and feathered gallinaceous game (pheasants, partridges and game ducks) - premises containing at least 50 birds; • Geese - premises containing at least 40 birds; • Turkeys - premises containing at least 500 birds; • Chickens - premises containing at least 500 birds (b) Exemption and Exclusion criteria. Premises and flocks above the “parent” level in the production hierarchy (ie. grandparent or above) are excluded from the survey because these premises have high levels of biosecurity. Chicken breeder and turkey breeder premises and flocks will also typically be excluded on the basis of three factors, specifically: (i) Biosecurity and flock management standards: The inherent nature of this poultry production category and the high financial value of individual birds and the economic value of breeder flocks as a whole means that higher biosecurity standards and conditions are operated on such premises. (ii) Flock performance and monitoring: Production targets and associated indices/data are well defined and closely monitored for breeders. Therefore, any deviations from expected performance and/or presentations of unexplained clinical disease are likely to be detected promptly and appropriate action and investigations initiated in a timely manner. (iii) Host susceptibility: Galliforme poultry, specifically domestic chickens and turkeys, are recognised to be more susceptible to avian influenza infection than anseriforme poultry (ducks and geese). Therefore, clinical disease presentations are likely to be evident and/or detected. Clearly this also assumes that poultry are not routinely vaccinated for AI, in line with UK and EU policy. It should be noted that some chicken breeder and turkey breeder premises may initially be selected for inclusion in the survey on the basis of being identified as having a number of the specified risk factors that form the risk matrix strata (as per see sections 2.1.3.2 and 2.2 above). During the survey recruitment process, the eligibility of individual premises will be assessed and confirmed against the relevant risk factors. Following this local assessment, final recruitment of the holding for sampling will be decided. Therefore, subject to this assessment process none (or only a proportion) of the selected chicken breeder or turkey breeder premises may be sampled. Premises containing more than one poultry species, including those mixed poultry species premises where one of the poultry species is waterfowl – designated as risk factor MSW in section 2.1.3.2 above - are deemed to be of higher risk. If selected, then only the type of poultry for which the selection has been made will be sampled. There will be no sampling of other, secondary species on the premises from that selection.

(2) including MS specific exceptional circumstances as described in Annex I point 3 of Commission Decision 2010/367/EU)

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prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

NU

TS (2

) (b)

Tota

l num

ber o

f hol

ding

s(c)

Tota

l num

ber o

f hol

ding

s to

be

sam

pled

Num

ber o

f sam

ples

per

ho

ldin

gTo

tal n

umbe

r of t

ests

Met

hod

of la

bora

tory

ana

lysis

Engl

and

471

3610

720

Hae

mag

glut

inat

ion-

inhi

bitio

n-te

st (H

I)x

Scot

land

433

1060

Hae

mag

glut

inat

ion-

inhi

bitio

n-te

st (H

I)x

Wal

es4

110

20H

aem

aggl

utin

atio

n-in

hibi

tion-

test

(HI)

xN

orth

ern

Irela

nd0

00

0H

aem

aggl

utin

atio

n-in

hibi

tion-

test

(HI)

x

Tota

l51

840

3080

0

Add

a n

ew ro

w

(a)

Hol

ding

s or h

erds

or f

lock

s or e

stab

lishm

ents

as a

ppro

pria

te.

(b)

Refe

rs to

the

loca

tion

of th

e ho

ldin

g of

orig

in. I

n ca

se N

UTS

(Nom

encl

atur

e of

Ter

ritor

ial U

nits

for S

tatis

tics)

can

not

be

used

, reg

ion

as d

efin

ed in

the

prog

ram

me

by th

e M

embe

r Sta

tes i

s req

uest

ed

(c)

Tota

l num

ber o

f hol

ding

s of o

ne c

ateg

ory

of p

oultr

y in

con

cern

ed N

UTS

2 re

gion

.

Add

a c

ateg

ory

Tota

l Pou

ltry

2 50

218

015

03

600

Page

15 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

2.2.

2

DU

CKS

,GEE

SE A

ND

FAR

MED

GAM

E BI

RDS

(WAT

ERFO

WL

e.g.

MAL

LARD

) HO

LDIN

GS

(a) t

o be

sam

pled

.

Sero

logi

cal i

nves

tigat

ion

acco

rdin

g to

Ann

ex I t

o Co

mm

issi

on D

ecis

ion

2010

/367

/EU

Cate

gory

: du

ck b

reed

ers,

fatte

ning

and

gam

ede

lete

thi

s ca

tego

ry

NU

TS (2

) (b)

Tota

l num

ber o

f duc

k an

d

gees

e ho

ldin

gs

Tota

l num

ber o

f duc

k an

d ge

ese

hold

ings

to b

e sa

mpl

ed

Num

ber o

f sam

ples

per

ho

ldin

gTo

tal n

umbe

r of t

ests

Met

hod

of la

bora

tory

ana

lysis

Engl

and

624

112

204

480

Hae

mag

glut

inat

ion-

inhi

bitio

n-te

st (H

I)x

Scot

land

404

2016

0H

aem

aggl

utin

atio

n-in

hibi

tion-

test

(HI)

xW

ales

61

2040

Hae

mag

glut

inat

ion-

inhi

bitio

n-te

st (H

I)x

Nor

ther

n Ire

land

103

2012

0H

aem

aggl

utin

atio

n-in

hibi

tion-

test

(HI)

x

Tota

l68

012

080

4 80

0

Page

16 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

Add

a n

ew ro

w

(a)

Hol

ding

s or h

erds

or f

lock

s or e

stab

lishm

ents

as a

ppro

pria

te.

(b)

Refe

rs to

the

loca

tion

of th

e ho

ldin

g of

orig

in. I

n ca

se N

UTS

(2) c

ode

can

not b

e us

ed, r

egio

n as

def

ined

in th

e pr

ogra

mm

e by

the

Mem

ber S

tate

is re

ques

ted

Cate

gory

: ge

ese

bree

ders

and

fatte

ning

dele

te t

his

cate

gory

NU

TS (2

) (b)

Tota

l num

ber o

f duc

k an

d

gees

e ho

ldin

gs

Tota

l num

ber o

f duc

k an

d ge

ese

hold

ings

to b

e sa

mpl

ed

Num

ber o

f sam

ples

per

ho

ldin

gTo

tal n

umbe

r of t

ests

Met

hod

of la

bora

tory

ana

lysis

Engl

and

181

5420

2 16

0H

aem

aggl

utin

atio

n-in

hibi

tion-

test

(HI)

xSc

otla

nd3

120

40H

aem

aggl

utin

atio

n-in

hibi

tion-

test

(HI)

xW

ales

21

2040

Hae

mag

glut

inat

ion-

inhi

bitio

n-te

st (H

I)x

Nor

ther

n Ire

land

84

2016

0H

aem

aggl

utin

atio

n-in

hibi

tion-

test

(HI)

x

Tota

l19

460

802 

400

Add

a n

ew ro

w

(a)

Hol

ding

s or h

erds

or f

lock

s or e

stab

lishm

ents

as a

ppro

pria

te.

(b)

Refe

rs to

the

loca

tion

of th

e ho

ldin

g of

orig

in. I

n ca

se N

UTS

(2) c

ode

can

not b

e us

ed, r

egio

n as

def

ined

in th

e pr

ogra

mm

e by

the

Mem

ber S

tate

is re

ques

ted

Page

17 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

Add

a c

ateg

ory

Tota

l Du

cks

and

gees

e87

418

016

07

200

Gra

nd T

otal

Po

ultry

+ D

ucks

/Gue

ese

3 37

636

031

010

800

Page

18 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

2.3

Sa

mpl

ing

proc

edur

es, s

ampl

ing

perio

ds a

nd fr

eque

ncy

of te

stin

g

(max

. 320

00 c

hars

) :

Max

imum

num

bers

of p

oultr

y pr

emis

es to

be

recr

uite

d an

d sa

mpl

ed a

cros

s th

e U

K Pr

emis

es fo

r rec

ruitm

ent w

ill b

e se

lect

ed b

ased

on

appl

ying

the

RBS

desi

gn a

nd a

ppro

ache

s an

d th

e m

etho

d de

scrib

ed in

sec

tions

2.1

.3.2

and

2.2

abo

ve.

Dur

ing

the

surv

ey re

crui

tmen

t pro

cess

, the

elig

ibili

ty o

f ind

ivid

ual s

elec

ted

prem

ises

will

be

asse

ssed

and

con

firm

ed a

gain

st th

e re

leva

nt ri

sk fa

ctor

s by

A

HVL

A a

nd D

ARD

fiel

d st

aff.

Follo

win

g th

is lo

cal a

sses

smen

t, fin

al re

crui

tmen

t of t

he h

oldi

ng fo

r sam

plin

g w

ill b

e de

cide

d. T

he p

lann

ed m

axim

um n

umbe

r of

pre

mis

es fo

r eac

h of

the

poul

try

prod

uctio

n ca

tego

ry -

as o

utlin

ed in

Tab

les

2.2.

1 an

d 2.

2.2

abov

e - w

ill b

e re

crui

ted

for s

ampl

ing,

sub

ject

to th

ere

bein

g su

ffici

ent a

vaila

ble

qual

ifyin

g ‘a

t ris

k’ p

rem

ises

. Hen

ce, i

f few

er a

vaila

ble

qual

ifyin

g ‘a

t ris

k’ p

rem

ises

are

iden

tifie

d as

bei

ng e

ligib

le d

urin

g th

e co

urse

of t

he

surv

ey p

erio

d, fe

wer

floc

ks th

an th

e pl

anne

d m

axim

um n

umbe

r for

that

pou

ltry

cate

gory

will

be

elig

ible

for s

ampl

ing.

Fo

r chi

cken

laye

r, tu

rkey

fatt

ener

and

goo

se h

oldi

ngs,

the

UK

will

recr

uit a

max

imum

of 6

0 el

igib

le p

rem

ises

resp

ectiv

ely.

For

duc

k ho

ldin

gs (r

eare

d fo

r sp

ort s

hoot

ing

and

duck

s th

at a

re n

ot b

eing

rear

ed fo

r spo

rt s

hoot

ing)

the

UK

will

recr

uit a

max

imum

of 1

20 e

ligib

le p

rem

ises

(40

and

80 p

rem

ises

re

spec

tivel

y). I

n ad

ditio

n, a

max

imum

of 4

0 ph

easa

nt a

nd p

artr

idge

(gal

linac

eous

gam

e) e

ligib

le p

rem

ises

will

be

recr

uite

d - s

ee T

able

2.2

.1 a

nd T

able

s 2.

2.2.

A

s de

scrib

ed p

revi

ousl

y, c

hick

en a

nd tu

rkey

bre

eder

pre

mis

es a

nd fl

ocks

are

sub

ject

to s

urve

y ex

empt

ion

and

excl

usio

n cr

iteria

, as

desc

ribed

in s

ectio

n 2.

2,

para

2(b

) abo

ve. S

peci

fical

ly, i

t sho

uld

be n

oted

that

som

e ch

icke

n an

d/or

turk

ey b

reed

er p

rem

ises

may

initi

ally

be

sele

cted

for i

nclu

sion

in th

e su

rvey

on

the

basi

s of

bei

ng id

entif

ied

as h

avin

g sp

ecifi

ed ri

sk fa

ctor

s th

at fo

rm th

e ris

k m

atrix

str

ata

(as

per s

ectio

ns 2

.1.3

.2 a

bove

).

Dur

ing

the

surv

ey re

crui

tmen

t pro

cess

, the

elig

ibili

ty o

f ind

ivid

ual t

urke

y br

eede

r pre

mis

es (u

p to

a m

axim

um o

f ten

turk

ey b

reed

er h

oldi

ngs

and

ten

chic

ken

bree

der h

oldi

ngs)

will

be

asse

ssed

and

con

firm

ed a

gain

st th

e re

leva

nt ri

sk fa

ctor

s. F

ollo

win

g th

is lo

cal a

sses

smen

t, fin

al re

crui

tmen

t of t

he tu

rkey

br

eede

r hol

ding

for s

ampl

ing

will

be

deci

ded.

Page

19 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

Ther

efor

e, s

ubje

ct to

this

ass

essm

ent p

roce

ss n

one

(or o

nly

a pr

opor

tion)

of t

he s

elec

ted

chic

ken

and/

or tu

rkey

bre

eder

pre

mis

es m

ay b

e sa

mpl

ed. T

his

may

ther

efor

e re

sult

in le

ss th

an th

e m

axim

um o

f 20

chic

ken

and/

or tu

rkey

bre

eder

floc

ks b

eing

sam

pled

in th

e U

K.

Sam

plin

g Bl

ood

sam

ples

for s

erol

ogic

al te

stin

g ar

e co

llect

ed in

acc

orda

nce

with

Dec

isio

n 20

10/3

67/E

U, w

here

by a

min

imum

of t

en b

irds

on e

ach

prem

ises

will

be

sam

pled

, exc

ept i

n th

e ca

se o

f duc

ks, g

eese

and

mal

lard

s (g

ame

duck

s) w

here

by a

min

imum

of 2

0 bi

rds

on e

ach

prem

ises

will

be

sam

pled

. In

add

ition

: • F

or g

allif

orm

e po

ultr

y ho

ldin

gs if

mor

e th

an o

ne fl

ock/

grou

p is

pre

sent

, fiv

e bi

rds

will

be

sam

pled

per

sep

arat

e flo

ck/g

roup

. • F

or d

uck,

gam

e du

ck a

nd g

oose

hol

ding

s if

mor

e th

an fo

ur fl

ocks

/gro

ups

are

pres

ent,

five

bird

s w

ill b

e sa

mpl

ed p

er s

epar

ate

flock

/gro

up. I

f tw

o flo

cks/

grou

ps a

re p

rese

nt, s

ampl

es w

ill b

e co

llect

ed fr

om te

n bi

rds

in e

ach

grou

p. If

thre

e se

para

te fl

ocks

/gro

ups

are

pres

ent o

n th

e ho

ldin

g, s

ampl

es w

ill b

e co

llect

ed fr

om s

even

bird

s in

eac

h gr

oup.

Th

eref

ore,

in T

able

s 2.

2.1

and

2.2.

2 ab

ove,

for e

ach

poul

try

cate

gory

, the

‘Tot

al n

umbe

r of s

ampl

es p

er h

oldi

ng’ r

epre

sent

s a

min

imum

num

ber o

f sam

ples

th

at m

ay b

e co

llect

ed p

er h

oldi

ng. H

ence

, the

‘Tot

al n

umbe

r of t

ests

’ cal

cula

ted

in T

able

s 2.

2.1

and

2.2.

2 ab

ove

also

repr

esen

ts a

n un

dere

stim

ate,

als

o be

ing

the

min

imum

tota

ls, b

ased

on

the

with

in fl

ock

sam

plin

g fr

ames

out

lined

abo

ve fo

r gal

lifor

me

and

anse

rifor

me

poul

try

hold

ings

resp

ectiv

ely.

Th

e tim

ing

of s

ampl

ing

is in

form

ed b

y th

e se

ason

ality

of p

rodu

ctio

n, e

spec

ially

for t

urke

ys, g

eese

and

feat

here

d ga

me

and

bird

s m

ay b

e sa

mpl

ed a

s cl

ose

to s

laug

hter

age

as

prac

ticab

le, a

nd w

here

app

ropr

iate

. Sa

mpl

es m

ay b

e co

llect

ed o

n fa

rms

or a

t sla

ught

erho

uses

. If t

he s

ampl

es a

re to

be

colle

cted

in a

sla

ught

erho

use,

then

the

bird

s ar

e se

lect

ed a

t ran

dom

fr

om th

e en

tire

batc

h.

2.4.

La

bora

tory

test

ing

: des

crip

tion

of th

e la

bora

tory

test

s use

d an

d fo

llow

up

inve

stig

atio

ns

Des

crip

tion

of th

e us

ed se

rolo

gica

l tes

ts :

(max

320

00 c

hars

)

Labo

rato

ry te

sts

cond

ucte

d fo

r the

AI s

urve

illan

ce p

rogr

amm

e in

dom

estic

pou

ltry

will

be

cond

ucte

d at

the

Nat

iona

l Ref

eren

ce L

abor

ator

y (N

RL) f

or A

vian

In

fluen

za, A

nim

al H

ealth

and

Vet

erin

ary

Labo

rato

ries

Age

ncy

(AH

VLA

), W

eybr

idge

for s

ampl

es c

olle

cted

from

pou

ltry

flock

s in

Gre

at B

ritai

n. S

ampl

es

colle

cted

from

pou

ltry

flock

s in

Nor

ther

n Ire

land

will

be

test

ed b

y th

e A

gri-F

ood

and

Bios

cien

ces

Inst

itute

(AFB

I). S

erum

sam

ples

are

scr

eene

d fo

r the

Page

20 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

pres

ence

of a

ntib

odie

s to

avi

an in

fluen

za v

iruse

s of

sub

type

s H

5 an

d H

7 by

hae

mag

glut

inat

ion

inhi

bitio

n (H

I) te

sts.

If a

pos

itive

ser

olog

ical

resu

lt is

re

cord

ed b

y th

e sc

reen

ing

HI t

ests

, con

firm

ator

y H

I ser

olog

ical

test

ing

(usi

ng a

het

erol

ogou

s ne

uram

inid

ase

com

pone

nt) i

s pe

rfor

med

. All

test

ing

is

perf

orm

ed in

acc

orda

nce

with

ext

ant,

spec

ified

EU

gui

delin

es (A

nnex

I to

Com

mis

sion

Dec

isio

n 20

10/3

67/E

U o

n th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of s

urve

illan

ce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

in p

oultr

y an

d w

ild b

irds

to b

e ca

rrie

d ou

t in

the

Mem

ber S

tate

s an

d am

endi

ng D

ecis

ion

2004

/450

/EC)

. If

posi

tive

conf

irmat

ory

sero

logi

cal (

HI)

test

resu

lts a

re re

cord

ed, f

urth

er la

bora

tory

inve

stig

atio

ns a

re u

nder

take

n on

sam

ples

sub

mitt

ed fr

om fo

llow

-up

field

sa

mpl

ing

of th

e flo

ck. T

his

is c

arrie

d ou

t to

esta

blis

h w

heth

er a

ctiv

e A

I viru

s in

fect

ion

is p

rese

nt, a

nd fo

rms

part

of l

ocal

epi

dem

iolo

gica

l inv

estig

atio

ns.

The

diag

nost

ic te

sts

utili

sed

com

pris

e se

rolo

gica

l (H

I) te

sts,

mol

ecul

ar re

al ti

me

reve

rse

tran

scrip

tion

poly

mer

ase

chai

n re

actio

n (R

T-PC

R) m

etho

ds, a

nd

atte

mpt

ed v

irus

isol

atio

n in

em

bryo

nate

d fo

wls

’ egg

s, a

s ap

prop

riate

. If a

viru

s is

isol

ated

ser

olog

ical

, mol

ecul

ar a

nd v

irus

char

acte

risat

ion

met

hods

use

d w

ill b

e co

nsis

tent

with

pro

cedu

res

laid

dow

n in

the

EU d

iagn

ostic

man

ual/C

omm

issi

on g

uide

lines

. In

sum

mar

y, th

e la

bora

tory

test

por

tfol

io u

tilis

ed a

t AH

VLA

Wey

brid

ge c

ompr

ises

: • H

aem

aggl

utin

atio

n In

hibi

tion

(HI)

test

s fo

r ort

hom

yxov

iruse

s - p

rese

nce

of a

ntib

odie

s to

influ

enza

A v

irus

subt

ypes

H5

and

H7

in s

erum

(pou

ltry)

. • R

eal t

ime

RT-P

CR fo

r Avi

an In

fluen

za -

scre

enin

g te

st fo

r mat

rix g

ene

of a

ll in

fluen

za A

viru

s: fo

r the

det

ectio

n of

the

mat

rix g

ene

of a

ny in

fluen

za A

viru

s in

cl

inic

al s

peci

men

s an

d am

plifi

ed s

ampl

es.

• Rea

l tim

e RT

-PCR

for A

vian

Influ

enza

- de

tect

s Eu

rasi

an H

5 A

I viru

s: fo

r the

det

ectio

n of

the

H5

subt

ype

of a

vian

influ

enza

(AI)

viru

s in

clin

ical

spe

cim

ens

and

ampl

ified

sam

ples

. • R

eal t

ime

RT-P

CR fo

r Avi

an In

fluen

za -

dete

cts

Eura

sian

H7

AI v

irus

(HA

2 re

gion

am

plifi

catio

n): f

or th

e de

tect

ion

of th

e H

7 ge

ne (H

A2

regi

on) o

f any

H7

influ

enza

A v

irus

in c

linic

al s

peci

men

s an

d am

plifi

ed s

ampl

es.

• Viru

s is

olat

ion

and

dete

ctio

n in

em

bryo

nate

d fo

wls

’ egg

s.

• Det

erm

inat

ion

and

anal

ysis

of n

ucle

otid

e se

quen

ce (a

nd d

educ

ed a

min

o ac

id s

eque

nce)

of s

peci

fic re

gion

s of

the

geno

me

of A

I viru

ses.

3.

Des

crip

tion

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

me

in w

ild b

irds

Page

21 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

3.1.

1 D

esig

natio

n of

the

cent

ral a

utho

rity

in c

harg

e of

supe

rvis

ing

and

coor

dina

ting

the

depa

rtm

ents

resp

onsi

ble

for i

mpl

emen

ting

the

prog

ram

me

and

rele

vant

col

labo

ratin

g pa

rtne

rs (e

.g. e

pide

mio

logi

sts,

orni

thol

ogis

ts, n

atur

e bi

rd o

bser

vatio

n an

d hu

nter

or

gani

satio

ns).

(max

. 320

00 c

hars

) :

Def

ra c

oord

inat

es th

e de

part

men

ts re

spon

sibl

e fo

r im

plem

entin

g th

e pr

ogra

mm

e an

d is

resp

onsi

ble

for m

akin

g po

licy

deci

sion

s.

The

Nat

iona

l Ref

eren

ce L

abor

ator

y (N

RL) f

or A

vian

Influ

enza

& N

ewca

stle

Dis

ease

at A

HVL

A W

eybr

idge

is re

spon

sibl

e fo

r all

aspe

cts

of la

bora

tory

test

ing

and

repo

rtin

g of

labo

rato

ry re

sults

to D

efra

for s

ampl

es c

olle

cted

in G

reat

Brit

ain

(GB)

, as

wel

l as

for a

ny s

ampl

es re

ferr

ed b

y D

ARD

/AFB

I, N

orth

ern

Irela

nd,

and

prov

isio

n of

tech

nica

l adv

ice

and

cons

ulta

ncy.

Th

e Ep

idem

iolo

gy, S

urve

illan

ce a

nd R

isk

and

the

Dat

a Sy

stem

s gr

oups

at A

HVL

A W

eybr

idge

are

resp

onsi

ble

for e

pide

mio

logi

cal a

naly

sis

of w

ild b

ird

surv

ey a

nd s

ampl

ing

data

. In

Nor

ther

n Ire

land

(NI),

all

sam

ples

are

sen

t to

AFB

I Sto

ney

Road

, with

any

pos

itive

find

ings

sen

t to

AH

VLA

Wey

brid

ge fo

r fur

ther

test

ing.

Fin

al d

ata

are

sent

to A

HVL

A W

eybr

idge

for c

olla

tion

into

the

UK

retu

rns

to th

e Eu

rope

an C

omm

issi

on.

Tech

nica

l orn

ithol

ogic

al a

dvic

e is

pro

vide

d by

a p

anel

of o

rnith

olog

ical

exp

erts

from

gov

ernm

ent a

genc

ies

and

from

non

-gov

ernm

enta

l org

anis

atio

ns.

In G

B, a

num

ber o

f des

igna

ted

orga

nisa

tions

are

resp

onsi

ble

for c

olle

ctin

g w

ild b

ird c

arca

ses/

sam

ples

with

in d

esig

nate

d tim

efra

mes

and

sub

mitt

ing

thes

e fo

r eith

er s

ampl

ing

at A

HVL

A R

egio

nal L

abor

ator

ies

(in E

ngla

nd a

nd W

ales

) or S

AC

Surv

eilla

nce

Cent

res

(in S

cotla

nd),

or fo

r lab

orat

ory

test

ing

at A

HVL

A

Wey

brid

ge.

3.1.

2 D

escr

iptio

n an

d de

limita

tion

of th

e ge

ogra

phic

al a

nd a

dmin

istr

ativ

e ar

eas i

n w

hich

the

prog

ram

me

is to

be

appl

ied

max

. 320

00 c

hars

) :

This

is b

ased

on

a ris

k as

sess

men

t and

may

var

y an

nual

ly b

ased

on

curr

ent e

xper

t sci

entif

ic a

dvic

e.

Page

22 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

3.1.

3 Es

timat

ion

of th

e lo

cal a

nd/o

r mig

rato

ry w

ildlif

e po

pula

tion

(max

. 320

00 c

hars

) :

Expe

rt o

rnith

olog

ical

adv

ice

has

been

sou

ght o

n de

tails

of t

he m

igra

ting

wild

bird

pop

ulat

ion.

Wet

land

Bird

Sur

vey

(WEB

s) d

ata

has

been

use

d as

a

base

line

for a

ny s

tatis

tical

ana

lyse

s.

In b

rief,

ther

e ar

e ab

out 7

9 m

illio

n br

eedi

ng p

airs

of w

ild b

irds

in G

reat

Brit

ain,

of a

bout

227

spe

cies

. The

bul

k of

the

num

bers

resu

lt fr

om a

rela

tivel

y sm

all

num

ber o

f mor

e ab

unda

nt s

peci

es: t

he 5

0 m

ost a

bund

ant r

epre

sent

abo

ut 9

5% o

f the

tota

l; th

e 10

mos

t abu

ndan

t rep

rese

nt a

bout

57%

of t

he to

tal;

and

the

sing

le m

ost a

bund

ant s

peci

es, t

he W

ren,

alo

ne re

pres

ents

abo

ut 1

0% o

f the

tota

l. Th

e m

ajor

ity o

f bre

edin

g bi

rds

in G

B ar

e re

side

nt a

ll-ye

ar-r

ound

, but

abo

ut 8

.7 m

illio

n pa

irs a

re o

f 63

spec

ies

of lo

ng-d

ista

nce

mig

rant

s, m

ostly

win

terin

g in

A

fric

a. O

f the

se, a

bout

25%

of t

he p

airs

are

of a

sin

gle

spec

ies,

the

Will

ow W

arbl

er.

The

bree

ding

bird

s ca

n al

so b

e br

oken

dow

n in

to th

e fo

llow

ing

broa

d ca

tego

ries:

• P

asse

rines

("so

ngbi

rds"

) - 8

1.4%

• N

ear-

pass

erin

es (m

ostly

pig

eons

/dov

es) -

9.5

%

• Sea

bird

s (g

ulls

, ter

ns, a

uks,

sku

as, p

etre

ls, e

tc) -

4.2

%

• Gam

ebird

s (g

rous

e, p

artr

idge

s, p

heas

ants

) - 3

.2%

• W

ater

bird

s (d

ucks

, gee

se, s

wan

s, g

rebe

s, w

ader

s) -

1.4%

• R

apto

rs (d

iurn

al b

irds

of p

rey)

- 0.

2%

The

win

ter n

umbe

rs o

f mos

t spe

cies

are

not

wel

l kno

wn.

The

exc

eptio

n is

for m

any

of th

e w

inte

ring

wat

erbi

rds,

whi

ch a

re w

ell m

onito

red.

Abo

ut 1

2.5

mill

ion

wat

erbi

rds

(thi

s to

tal n

ow in

clud

ing

gulls

als

o) w

inte

r in

Gre

at B

ritai

n. M

any

of th

ese

arriv

e fr

om a

reas

to th

e no

rth

and

east

whi

ch a

re to

o co

ld in

th

e w

inte

r to

supp

ort t

he b

irds.

Page

23 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

The

timin

g of

arr

ival

and

dep

artu

re o

f mig

rant

bird

s va

ries

betw

een

spec

ies,

and

als

o be

twee

n ye

ars

depe

ndin

g on

wea

ther

con

ditio

ns.

3.2

Des

ign,

crit

eria

, ris

k fa

ctor

s and

targ

et p

opul

atio

n(3)

(max

. 320

00 c

hars

) :

The

UK

AI w

ild b

ird s

urve

illan

ce (A

IWBS

) pro

gram

me

is ri

sk-b

ased

and

targ

eted

and

ope

rate

s al

l-yea

r-ro

und.

It i

s a

viro

logi

cal s

urve

y an

d is

bas

ed o

n th

e ‘T

arge

t Spe

cies

’ lis

t of w

ild b

irds

deta

iled

in D

ecis

ion

2010

/367

/EU

, Ann

ex II

Par

t 2. I

n ad

ditio

n, in

Gre

at B

ritai

n ex

pert

orn

ithol

ogic

al a

nd e

pide

mio

logi

cal

advi

ce a

nd a

sses

smen

ts h

ave

dete

rmin

ed fu

rthe

r hig

her r

isk

wild

bird

spe

cies

that

may

als

o be

targ

eted

. Th

e A

IWBS

pro

gram

me

invo

lves

scr

eeni

ng s

ampl

es ta

ken

from

the

follo

win

g:

• Wild

bird

s fo

und

dead

dur

ing

regu

lar w

arde

n pa

trol

s of

targ

eted

sel

ecte

d w

etla

nd a

reas

/res

erve

s (n

=250

). • U

nusu

ally

hig

h m

orta

lity

even

ts in

any

wild

bird

spe

cies

(so-

calle

d m

ass

mor

talit

y in

cide

nts

– se

e be

low

) rep

orte

d by

war

den

patr

ols

or b

y m

embe

rs o

f th

e pu

blic

in a

ny c

ount

y of

GB

or a

ny a

rea

of N

orth

ern

Irela

nd (N

I), a

s ap

prop

riate

. In

add

ition

, pro

visi

ons

may

be

mad

e fo

r spe

cific

targ

eted

or e

nhan

ced

AIW

BS a

ctiv

ities

in re

spon

se to

out

brea

ks o

f not

ifiab

le a

vian

influ

enza

in p

oultr

y, in

pa

rtic

ular

HPA

I H5N

1, o

r inc

iden

ts o

f H5N

1 H

PAI i

n w

ild b

irds

in G

B. S

uch

mea

sure

s w

ould

be

impl

emen

ted

base

d on

cur

rent

sci

entif

ic, e

pide

mio

logi

cal

and

orni

thol

ogic

al e

xper

t opi

nion

and

adv

ice,

as

requ

ired.

N

.B. T

he s

trat

egy

for U

K A

IWBS

is in

form

ed b

y th

e pr

evai

ling

natio

nal a

nd in

tern

atio

nal d

isea

se s

ituat

ion

and

curr

ent s

cien

tific

opi

nion

. It

is p

ossi

ble

that

an

y si

gnifi

cant

cha

nges

to e

ither

of t

hese

will

lead

to c

hang

es in

sur

vey

desi

gn.

Obj

ectiv

es o

f sur

veill

ance

To

pro

tect

dom

estic

pou

ltry

from

HPA

I H5N

1 in

fect

ion

deriv

ed fr

om w

ild b

irds

by d

etec

ting

a ch

ange

in ri

sk to

dom

estic

pou

ltry

due

to H

PAI H

5N1

Page

24 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

inci

dent

s in

wild

bird

s.

Surv

eilla

nce

desi

gn

1. A

ctiv

e pa

trol

ling

of w

etla

nd re

serv

es fo

r wild

bird

s fo

und

dead

A

ppro

xim

atel

y 25

0 si

tes

have

bee

n ch

osen

acr

oss

the

UK

base

d on

a v

arie

ty o

f fac

tors

incl

udin

g th

e ab

unda

nce

of ta

rget

spe

cies

of w

ater

bird

s, p

roxi

mity

to

pou

ltry

area

s an

d th

e pr

esen

ce o

f a s

ite w

arde

n. S

ites

are

patr

olle

d on

a re

gula

r bas

is b

y w

arde

ns to

det

ect d

ead

wild

bird

s be

long

ing

to th

e ta

rget

sp

ecie

s. B

ased

on

risk

asse

ssm

ent t

he fr

eque

ncy

of th

ese

patr

ols

and

num

ber o

f site

s m

ay b

e in

crea

sed

or d

ecre

ased

. Th

e fr

eque

ncy

and

num

ber o

f pa

trol

s m

ay b

e in

crea

sed

in a

n ar

ea fo

llow

ing

a de

tect

ion

of n

otifi

able

avi

an in

fluen

za, p

artic

ular

ly H

5N1

HPA

I in

wild

bird

s or

dom

estic

pou

ltry.

Sam

ples

fr

om w

ild b

irds

foun

d de

ad in

Gre

at B

ritai

n ar

e se

nt to

AH

VLA

Wey

brid

ge fo

r AI s

cree

ning

. In

NI s

ampl

es a

re s

ubm

itted

to A

FBI,

Ston

ey R

oad,

Bel

fast

with

an

y po

sitiv

e fin

ding

s se

nt to

the

NRL

, AH

VLA

Wey

brid

ge fo

r fur

ther

test

ing.

2.

Rep

ortin

g of

abn

orm

al o

r mas

s m

orta

lity

in w

ild b

irds

A re

port

ing

syst

em a

llow

s m

embe

rs o

f the

pub

lic o

r sta

ff at

a w

etla

nd/r

eser

ve s

ite to

repo

rt h

igh

mor

talit

y ev

ents

in w

ild b

irds,

so-

calle

d m

ass

mor

talit

y in

cide

nts.

Brie

fly, a

mas

s m

orta

lity

inci

dent

is d

efin

ed a

s in

volv

ing

five

or m

ore

wild

bird

s of

any

spe

cies

in a

ny lo

catio

n (c

ount

y) o

f GB.

Fol

low

ing

a re

port

be

ing

mad

e by

a m

embe

r of t

he p

ublic

or s

taff

at a

wet

land

/res

erve

site

, sta

ndar

dise

d ca

se s

elec

tion

crite

ria a

re a

pplie

d. D

epen

ding

on

circ

umst

ance

s,

sam

ples

will

be

colle

cted

. Thi

s m

ay c

ompr

ise

in-fi

eld

sam

plin

g by

col

lect

ion

of o

roph

aryn

geal

(buc

cal)

and

cloa

cal s

wab

s fr

om e

ach

bird

foun

d de

ad, o

r sa

mpl

e co

llect

ion

from

the

wild

bird

car

case

at a

n A

HVL

A o

r SA

C re

gion

al la

bora

tory

. For

the

latt

er, c

olle

ctio

n of

car

case

s is

per

form

ed b

y a

desi

gnat

ed

colle

ctio

n or

gani

satio

n, o

r les

s fr

eque

ntly

, alte

rnat

ive

arra

ngem

ents

may

be

mad

e in

volv

ing

gove

rnm

ent v

eter

inar

y se

rvic

es. I

n al

l cas

es, t

he c

arca

se

loca

tion

is g

eo-r

efer

ence

d an

d, w

here

app

ropr

iate

, car

case

s w

ill b

e tr

ansp

orte

d to

a A

HVL

A R

egio

nal L

abor

ator

y (in

Eng

land

and

Wal

es) o

r a S

AC

Surv

eilla

nce

Cent

re (i

n Sc

otla

nd) w

here

spe

ciat

ion

is c

arrie

d ou

t and

, whe

reve

r pos

sibl

e, ti

ssue

sam

ples

col

lect

ed fo

r AI s

cree

ning

; the

se a

re s

ent t

o th

e N

RL, A

HVL

A W

eybr

idge

. In

NI s

ampl

es a

re s

ubm

itted

to A

FBI S

tone

y Ro

ad, B

elfa

st w

ith a

ny p

ositi

ve fi

ndin

gs s

ent t

o th

e N

RL, A

HVL

A W

eybr

idge

for f

urth

er

test

ing.

Rep

orts

that

are

mad

e by

a m

embe

r of t

he p

ublic

that

do

not f

ulfil

the

‘mas

s m

orta

lity

inci

dent

’ crit

eria

will

not

be

inve

stig

ated

unl

ess

addi

tiona

l or

exte

nuat

ing

circ

umst

ance

s ar

e id

entif

ied.

Suc

h ca

ses

may

then

be

asse

ssed

by

vete

rinar

y st

aff a

t the

AH

VLA

Reg

iona

l Lab

orat

orie

s (o

r SA

C D

isea

se

Surv

eilla

nce

Cent

res

in S

cotla

nd).

Inve

stig

atio

ns a

re th

en p

rogr

esse

d on

a c

ase-

by-c

ase

basi

s ag

ains

t sta

ndar

dise

d ca

se s

elec

tion

crite

ria.

Mor

talit

y le

vels

and

det

ectio

n ra

tes

are

likel

y to

var

y in

wild

bird

s. T

o al

low

for r

esou

rce

plan

ning

a w

eekl

y ce

iling

is s

et fo

r the

num

ber o

f bird

s su

bmitt

ed

in G

B. T

he s

yste

m a

llow

s fo

r tar

getin

g su

rvei

llanc

e ef

fort

to s

peci

fic re

gion

s ba

sed

on a

risk

ass

essm

ent;

regi

onal

ly c

eilin

gs m

ay b

e se

t with

in th

e G

B ce

iling

or

in c

erta

in re

gion

s th

e ce

iling

may

be

abol

ishe

d i.e

. fol

low

ing

a ca

se o

f a d

etec

tion

of H

5N1

HPA

I or o

ther

not

ifiab

le a

vian

influ

enza

out

brea

ks w

here

en

hanc

ed s

urve

illan

ce is

requ

ired.

In

NI,

the

num

ber o

f sub

mis

sion

s is

mon

itore

d to

ens

ure

reso

urce

cap

abili

ty is

not

exc

eede

d.

Page

25 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

(3)

Are

as a

t ri

sk (

wet

land

s in

par

ticu

lar

whe

re l

inks

wit

h hi

gh d

ensi

ty p

oult

ry p

opul

atio

ns),

pre

viou

s po

siti

ve f

indi

ngs

as r

efer

red

to i

n po

int

2 of

Par

t 1

of A

nnex

II t

o Co

mm

issi

on D

ecis

ion

2010

/367

/EC

shou

ld b

e ta

ken

into

acc

ount

and

if

poss

ible

com

plem

ente

d by

a m

ap.

3.2.

1 W

ILD

BIR

DS

focu

ssed

on

targ

et sp

ecie

s

Inve

stig

atio

ns a

ccor

ding

to th

e su

rvei

llanc

e pr

ogra

mm

e se

t out

in P

art 2

of A

nnex

II to

Dec

isio

n 20

10/3

67/E

C

NU

TS (2

) cod

e/re

gion

(a)

Wild

bird

s to

be

sam

pled

(b)

Tota

l num

ber o

f bird

s to

be

sam

pled

Estim

ated

tota

l num

ber o

f sa

mpl

es to

be

take

n fo

r act

ive

surv

eilla

nce

(c)

Estim

ated

tota

l num

ber o

f sa

mpl

es to

be

take

n fo

r pas

sive

surv

eilla

nce

UK

See

abov

e80

050

750

x

Tota

l0

800

5075

0

Add

a n

ew ro

w

(a)

Refe

rs to

the

plac

e of

col

lect

ion

of b

irds/

sam

ples

. In

case

NU

TS 2

(Nom

encl

atur

e of

Ter

ritor

ial U

nits

for S

tatis

tics)

can

not

be

used

, reg

ion

as d

efin

ed in

the

prog

ram

me

by th

e M

embe

r Sta

te is

requ

este

d. P

leas

e fil

l-in

thes

e va

lues

dire

ctly

in th

e fie

ld.

(b

) G

ener

al d

escr

iptio

n of

the

wild

bird

s are

inte

nded

to b

e sa

mpl

ed in

the

fram

ewor

k of

the

activ

e an

d pa

ssiv

e su

rvei

llanc

e.

(c)

Volu

ntar

y, to

be

incl

uded

for i

nfor

mat

ion

purp

oses

, not

elig

ible

for c

ofin

anci

ng.

3.3

Sam

plin

g pr

oced

ures

and

sam

plin

g pe

riods

Page

26 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

max

320

00 c

hars

:

The

AIW

BS p

rogr

amm

e in

volv

es tw

o m

ain

stra

nds

of p

assi

ve (s

cann

ing)

sur

veill

ance

act

ivity

that

ope

rate

all-

year

-rou

nd a

nd re

sult

in th

e co

llect

ion

of

sam

ples

from

wild

bird

s fo

und

dead

for l

abor

ator

y te

stin

g to

det

erm

ine

AI s

tatu

s (s

ee s

ectio

n 3.

4), n

amel

y:

• War

den

patr

ols

of ta

rget

ed s

elec

ted

wet

land

are

as/r

eser

ves

(n=2

50).

• Rep

ortin

g an

d in

vest

igat

ion

of u

nusu

ally

hig

h m

orta

lity

even

ts in

any

wild

bird

spe

cies

(so-

calle

d m

ass

mor

talit

y in

cide

nts

– as

abo

ve) r

epor

ted

by

war

den

patr

ols

or b

y m

embe

rs o

f the

pub

lic in

any

cou

nty

of G

B or

any

are

a of

Nor

ther

n Ire

land

(NI),

as

appr

opria

te.

Thes

e ac

tiviti

es a

re a

lso

depe

nden

t on

num

erou

s ot

her f

acto

rs s

uch

as p

ublic

aw

aren

ess,

the

curr

ent A

I sta

tus

of th

e co

untr

y/ar

ea, m

edia

cov

erag

e an

d th

ose

affe

ctin

g w

ild b

ird h

ealth

(eg.

the

prev

ailin

g cl

imat

ic c

ondi

tions

, tim

e of

yea

r, av

aila

ble

food

sou

rces

, oth

er d

isea

ses/

heal

th s

tatu

s et

c.).

For b

irds

subm

itted

to A

HVL

A-R

Ls a

nd S

AC

Dis

ease

Sur

veill

ance

Cen

tres

, a v

eter

inar

y po

st-m

orte

m e

xam

inat

ion

will

typi

cally

be

perf

orm

ed w

ith c

olle

ctio

n of

app

ropr

iate

sam

ples

for A

I tes

ting,

bas

ed o

n th

e st

ate

of c

arca

se d

ecom

posi

tion/

qual

ity. A

ll w

ork

asso

ciat

ed w

ith th

e po

st-m

orte

m e

xam

inat

ion,

sa

mpl

ing

and

iden

tific

atio

n of

thos

e w

ild b

irds

subm

itted

to A

HVL

A-R

Ls/S

AC

is c

arrie

d ou

t in

acco

rdan

ce w

ith s

tand

ardi

sed

inst

ruct

ions

and

sta

ndar

d op

erat

ing

proc

edur

es (S

OPs

) with

in re

cogn

ised

qua

lity

fram

ewor

ks.

The

labo

rato

ry s

ampl

ing

spec

ifica

lly fo

r AIV

(and

sub

sequ

ent A

IV te

stin

g at

VLA

Wey

brid

ge) i

s co

nduc

ted

base

d on

one

of t

wo

met

hods

: M

etho

d 1:

‘Tis

sues

’ met

hod:

ope

ning

the

carc

ase

as p

art o

f rou

tine

diag

nost

ic p

ost-

mor

tem

exa

min

atio

n an

d ha

rves

ting

seve

n tis

sues

(whe

neve

r pr

actic

ally

pos

sibl

e) a

s tw

o se

para

te ti

ssue

s po

ols

for A

IV te

stin

g (P

ool 1

: bra

in, l

iver

, spl

een,

trac

hea,

lung

, kid

ney;

Poo

l 2: b

ulke

d in

test

ine)

. M

etho

d 2:

‘Tw

o sw

ab’ m

etho

d: o

roph

aryn

geal

and

clo

acal

sw

abs

colle

cted

(whe

neve

r pra

ctic

ally

pos

sibl

e) fo

r AIV

test

ing

from

eac

h in

divi

dual

bird

w

ithou

t ope

ning

the

carc

ase.

W

ild b

ird c

arca

ses,

spe

cific

ally

col

lect

ed fo

r AIV

sur

veill

ance

, will

firs

t hav

e be

en re

port

ed to

a d

edic

ated

Hel

plin

e. T

hese

may

be

wild

bird

s fo

und

dead

and

su

bmitt

ed a

s a

resu

lt of

War

den

Patr

ol a

ctiv

ities

, or f

ollo

win

g re

port

s m

ade

by m

embe

rs o

f the

pub

lic. I

n ea

ch c

ase

a sp

ecifi

c, s

tand

ardi

sed

algo

rithm

is

appl

ied

to th

e re

port

ed in

cide

nt, w

hich

pro

vide

s fo

r dec

isio

n-m

akin

g by

the

Hel

plin

e to

acc

ept o

r rej

ect t

he re

port

. The

alg

orith

m p

rovi

des

spec

ific

targ

eted

sur

veill

ance

crit

eria

(wild

bird

spe

cies

, loc

atio

n of

inci

dent

, num

ber o

f bird

s af

fect

ed e

tc.),

whi

ch a

re b

ased

on

curr

ent s

cien

tific

and

ep

idem

iolo

gica

l evi

denc

e. A

ll re

port

ed in

cide

nts

are

logg

ed b

y th

e H

elpl

ine

and

are

indi

vidu

ally

allo

cate

d a

uniq

ue H

elpl

ine

refe

renc

e nu

mbe

r. If

the

Hel

plin

e ac

cept

s th

e re

port

ed in

cide

nt th

e w

ild b

ird c

arca

se(s

) are

col

lect

ed b

y de

dica

ted

colle

ctio

n ag

enci

es a

nd d

eliv

ered

to a

n A

HVL

A/S

AC

labo

rato

ry,

Page

27 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

acco

mpa

nied

by

a sp

ecifi

c su

bmis

sion

form

(for

m W

SF1)

. In

addi

tion,

the

War

den

Patr

ol o

rgan

isat

ion

may

col

lect

sw

abs

(oro

phar

ynge

al a

nd c

loac

al) f

rom

th

e ‘fo

und

dead

’ wild

bird

, and

sub

mit

thes

e (w

ith a

com

plet

ed W

SF-1

form

) dire

ct to

AH

VLA

Wey

brid

ge.

Follo

win

g re

ceip

t at a

n A

HVL

A/S

AC

labo

rato

ry, w

ild b

ird c

arca

se s

ubm

issi

ons

are

allo

cate

d an

indi

vidu

al A

HVL

A-R

L/SA

C un

ique

cas

e re

fere

nce

and

sam

pled

in a

ccor

danc

e w

ith s

tand

ing,

sta

ndar

dise

d in

stru

ctio

ns. S

ampl

es a

re s

ubse

quen

tly d

espa

tche

d to

the

NRL

at A

HVL

A W

eybr

idge

for t

estin

g fo

r the

pr

esen

ce o

f AIV

s by

real

tim

e RT

-PCR

test

s (R

RT-P

CR);

in th

e fir

st in

stan

ce b

y m

atrix

(M) g

ene

real

tim

e RT

-PCR

as

a sc

reen

ing

test

– s

ee s

ectio

n 3.

4 be

low

.

3.4

Labo

rato

ry te

stin

g : d

escr

iptio

n of

the

labo

rato

ry te

sts u

sed

max

320

00 c

hars

:

Labo

rato

ry te

sts

cond

ucte

d fo

r the

AI s

urve

illan

ce p

rogr

amm

e in

wild

bird

s w

ill b

e co

nduc

ted

at th

e N

atio

nal R

efer

ence

Lab

orat

ory

(NRL

) for

Avi

an

Influ

enza

, Ani

mal

Hea

lth a

nd V

eter

inar

y La

bora

torie

s A

genc

y (A

HVL

A),

Wey

brid

ge fo

r sam

ples

col

lect

ed fr

om w

ild b

irds

in G

reat

Brit

ain.

Sam

ples

col

lect

ed

from

wild

bird

s in

Nor

ther

n Ire

land

are

test

ed b

y A

FBI.

The

diag

nost

ic te

sts

utili

sed

com

pris

e re

al ti

me

reve

rse

tran

scrip

tion

poly

mer

ase

chai

n re

actio

n (R

T-PC

R) m

etho

ds, a

nd a

ttem

pted

viru

s is

olat

ion

in e

mbr

yona

ted

fow

ls’ e

ggs.

If a

viru

s is

isol

ated

ser

olog

ical

, mol

ecul

ar a

nd v

irus

char

acte

risat

ion

met

hods

us

ed w

ill b

e co

nsis

tent

with

pro

cedu

res

laid

dow

n in

the

EU d

iagn

ostic

man

ual/C

omm

issi

on g

uide

lines

. In

sum

mar

y, th

e la

bora

tory

test

por

tfol

io u

tilis

ed a

t AH

VLA

Wey

brid

ge c

ompr

ises

: • R

eal t

ime

RT-P

CR fo

r Avi

an In

fluen

za -

scre

enin

g te

st fo

r mat

rix g

ene

of a

ll in

fluen

za A

viru

s: fo

r the

det

ectio

n of

the

mat

rix g

ene

of a

ny in

fluen

za A

viru

s in

cl

inic

al s

peci

men

s an

d am

plifi

ed s

ampl

es.

• Rea

l tim

e RT

-PCR

for A

vian

Influ

enza

- de

tect

s Eu

rasi

an H

5 A

I viru

s: fo

r the

det

ectio

n of

the

H5

subt

ype

of a

vian

influ

enza

(AI)

viru

s in

clin

ical

spe

cim

ens

and

ampl

ified

sam

ples

. • R

eal t

ime

RT-P

CR fo

r Avi

an In

fluen

za -

dete

cts

N1

com

pone

nt o

f AI v

irus:

for t

he d

etec

tion

of th

e N

1 su

btyp

e of

avi

an in

fluen

za (A

I) vi

rus

in c

linic

al

spec

imen

s an

d am

plifi

ed s

ampl

es.

• Viru

s is

olat

ion

and

dete

ctio

n in

em

bryo

nate

d fo

wls

’ egg

s.

• Det

erm

inat

ion

and

anal

ysis

of n

ucle

otid

e se

quen

ce (a

nd d

educ

ed a

min

o ac

id s

eque

nce)

of s

peci

fic re

gion

s of

the

geno

me

of A

I viru

ses.

Page

28 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

4.

Des

crip

tion

of th

e ep

idem

iolo

gica

l situ

atio

n of

the

dise

ase

in p

oultr

y du

ring

the

last

five

yea

rsm

ax 3

2000

cha

rs :

In th

e la

st fi

ve y

ears

(200

7 to

201

1) th

ere

have

bee

n fo

ur o

utbr

eaks

of n

otifi

able

avi

an in

fluen

za in

pou

ltry

in th

e U

K, w

here

viru

s ha

s be

en is

olat

ed. B

elow

is

a lis

t of t

hese

out

brea

ks, i

n de

scen

ding

chr

onol

ogic

al o

rder

: • O

utbr

eak

of H

7N7

HPA

I in

Oxf

ords

hire

, Eng

land

in Ju

ne 2

008

was

con

firm

ed o

n 4

June

200

8 on

a s

ingl

e in

fect

ed p

rem

ises

(IP)

of f

ree-

rang

e la

ying

hen

s.

Clin

ical

evi

denc

e fr

om th

e fa

rm’s

reco

rds

supp

orts

viro

logi

cal a

nd s

erol

ogic

al d

ata

that

the

HPA

I inf

ectio

n de

rived

from

a p

re-e

xist

ing

H7

LPA

I viru

s pr

esen

t on

the

prem

ises

. • O

utbr

eak

of H

5N1

HPA

I on

a la

rge-

scal

e fr

ee-r

ange

turk

ey/d

uck/

gees

e ho

ldin

g in

Suf

folk

, Eng

land

(con

firm

ed o

n 13

Nov

embe

r 200

7). O

n IP

1, in

fect

ion

was

con

firm

ed in

turk

eys

and

duck

s, b

ut n

ot in

gee

se. E

pide

mio

logi

cal l

inks

wer

e es

tabl

ishe

d an

d as

a re

sult

of th

is, a

noth

er in

fect

ed tu

rkey

pre

mis

es w

as

iden

tifie

d. T

he m

axim

um p

reva

lenc

e of

infe

ctio

n in

this

gro

up w

as 1

0%. G

enet

ic a

naly

ses

of th

e vi

rus

isol

ates

from

the

poul

try

on th

e tw

o IP

s in

dica

ted

that

the

bird

s w

ere

infe

cted

from

a s

ingl

e so

urce

. The

isol

ate

had

the

clos

est g

enet

ic id

entit

y to

an

isol

ate

from

wild

bird

s in

the

Czec

h Re

publ

ic d

etec

ted

in

mid

-200

7.

• An

outb

reak

of H

7N2

LPA

I in

back

yard

pou

ltry

in C

orw

en, W

ales

(con

firm

ed o

n 24

May

200

7). T

he o

utbr

eak

also

had

a s

econ

d lin

ked

IP in

Eng

land

(St

Hel

ens,

Mer

seys

ide)

. The

sec

ond

IP w

as fo

und

as a

resu

lt of

mar

ket t

raci

ng c

arrie

d ou

t by

the

vete

rinar

y au

thor

ities

. • A

n ou

tbre

ak o

f H5N

1 H

PAI i

n an

inte

nsiv

e tu

rkey

pre

mis

es in

Hol

ton,

Suf

folk

(con

firm

ed 3

Feb

ruar

y 20

07).

The

farm

con

sist

ed o

f 22

encl

osed

, fan

-ve

ntila

ted

hous

es, w

hich

hel

d a

tota

l of 1

59,0

00 b

irds.

The

farm

was

adj

acen

t to

a co

mpl

ex o

f pla

nts

incl

udin

g a

slau

ghte

rhou

se, c

uttin

g pl

ant,

mea

t pr

oduc

ts p

lant

and

a c

old

stor

e. T

he is

olat

ed v

irus

was

seq

uenc

ed a

nd s

how

n to

be

nota

bly

sim

ilar (

alm

ost 1

00%

hom

olog

ous)

to th

at re

cove

red

from

ou

tbre

aks

of H

5N1

HPA

I in

Hun

gary

in d

omes

tic g

eese

in Ja

nuar

y 20

07.

Ther

e ha

ve a

lso

been

det

ectio

ns o

f ant

ibod

ies

to a

vian

influ

enza

viru

ses

of s

ubty

pes

H5

and

H7

durin

g th

e co

urse

of t

he U

K po

ultr

y su

rvey

eac

h ye

ar.

Dur

ing

the

2011

pou

ltry

surv

ey, a

ntib

odie

s to

avi

an in

fluen

za v

iruse

s of

sub

type

s H

5 an

d H

7 w

ere

dete

cted

from

a to

tal o

f fiv

e pr

emis

es. M

ore

spec

ifica

lly,

thre

e du

ck p

rem

ises

wer

e id

entif

ied

as s

how

ing

a se

rolo

gica

l res

pons

e ag

ains

t H5,

and

one

duc

k an

d on

e go

ose

flock

wer

e id

entif

ied

as h

avin

g a

sero

logi

cal r

espo

nse

to H

7. D

urin

g th

e 20

10 p

oultr

y su

rvey

thre

e du

ck p

rem

ises

and

one

gam

e du

ck s

ite w

ere

iden

tifie

d as

sho

win

g a

sero

logi

cal r

espo

nse

agai

nst H

5. In

200

9, tw

o du

ck p

rem

ises

wer

e id

entif

ied

as s

how

ing

a se

rolo

gica

l res

pons

e ag

ains

t H5

or H

7 an

tibod

ies

by H

I tes

t. In

200

8, e

ight

pre

mis

es

(thr

ee d

uck

flock

s an

d fiv

e ge

ese

flock

s) w

ere

iden

tifie

d as

sho

win

g a

sero

logi

cal r

espo

nse

agai

nst H

5 or

H7

antib

odie

s by

HI t

est.

In 2

007,

ant

ibod

ies

to

avia

n in

fluen

za v

iruse

s of

sub

type

s H

5 an

d H

7 w

ere

dete

cted

in fl

ocks

of d

ucks

, gee

se a

nd q

uail.

Thr

ee p

rem

ises

with

duc

ks, s

ix p

rem

ises

con

tain

ing

gees

e

Page

29 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

and

a si

ngle

qua

il pr

emis

es h

ad lo

w le

vels

of s

erol

ogic

al re

spon

se. I

n 20

06 a

ntib

odie

s to

H5

wer

e de

tect

ed in

a fl

ock

of fr

ee-r

ange

gee

se a

nd a

ntib

odie

s to

av

ian

influ

enza

viru

ses

of s

ubty

pes

H5

and

H7

wer

e de

tect

ed in

a fl

ock

of fr

ee-r

ange

duc

ks. E

ach

year

all

case

s w

ith a

n H

5 or

H7

sero

logi

cal r

eact

or (b

y H

I te

st) w

ere

follo

wed

up,

re-s

ampl

ed a

nd u

nder

wen

t fur

ther

fiel

d in

vest

igat

ion

and

test

ing.

Non

e of

the

furt

her t

ests

sho

wed

pos

itive

resu

lts in

dica

ting

the

abse

nce

of a

ctiv

e in

fect

ion

on th

ese

prem

ises

. Th

e m

ost l

ikel

y ex

plan

atio

n is

that

thes

e bi

rds

had

prio

r exp

osur

e to

LPA

I viru

ses

of s

ubty

pes

H5

and

H7.

5.

Des

crip

tion

of th

e ep

idem

iolo

gica

l situ

atio

n of

the

dise

ase

in w

ild b

irds d

urin

g th

e la

st fi

ve y

ears

(max

. 320

00 c

hars

) :

A p

rogr

amm

e of

AIW

BS h

as b

een

activ

e in

the

UK

sinc

e O

ctob

er 2

005.

In th

e la

st fi

ve y

ears

(200

7 to

201

1) th

ere

has

been

one

inci

dent

whe

re E

uras

ian

linea

ge H

5N1

HPN

AI h

as b

een

dete

cted

in w

ild b

irds

in th

e U

K. In

Janu

ary

2008

, H5N

1 H

PNA

I was

det

ecte

d in

thre

e M

ute

swan

s (C

ygnu

s ol

or) i

n A

bbot

sbur

y, D

orse

t. D

urin

g th

e co

urse

of t

his

inci

dent

(Jan

uary

/Feb

ruar

y 20

08) v

irus

was

det

ecte

d fr

om a

tota

l of t

en M

ute

swan

s an

d on

e Ca

nada

goo

se

(Bra

nta

cana

dens

is) w

ithin

the

3km

Wild

Bird

Con

trol

Are

a. N

o ev

iden

ce o

f spr

ead

to th

e lo

cal p

oultr

y po

pula

tion

was

det

ecte

d.

As

expe

cted

, evi

denc

e of

influ

enza

A v

irus

infe

ctio

n an

d is

olat

ion

of n

umer

ous

LPA

I viru

ses

of v

aryi

ng s

ubty

pes

has

been

iden

tifie

d fr

om a

var

iety

of w

ild

bird

s, p

redo

min

atel

y w

ater

fow

l (A

natid

ae s

pp),

as p

art o

f the

AI w

ild b

ird s

urve

illan

ce p

rogr

amm

e. M

easu

res

in p

lace

as

rega

rds

the

notif

icat

ion

of th

e di

seas

e.

6.

Mea

sure

s in

plac

e as

rega

rds t

he n

otifi

catio

n of

the

dise

ase

(max

. 320

00 c

hars

) :

It is

a le

gal o

blig

atio

n fo

r any

one

susp

ectin

g th

e pr

esen

ce o

f an

avia

n no

tifia

ble

dise

ase

in p

oultr

y or

oth

er c

aptiv

e bi

rds

to c

onta

ct G

over

nmen

t Vet

erin

ary

Aut

horit

ies.

Any

one

susp

ectin

g a

notif

iabl

e di

seas

e m

ust r

epor

t thi

s to

a lo

cal A

HVL

A R

egio

nal O

ffice

. A

nyon

e su

spec

ting

a no

tifia

ble

dise

ase

mus

t rep

ort

this

, by

law

, to

a lo

cal A

HVL

A R

egio

nal O

ffice

in G

B or

to D

ARD

in N

orth

ern

Irela

nd.

Page

30 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

7.

Cost

s

7.1

Det

aile

d an

alys

is o

f the

cos

ts

7.1.

1 P

oultr

y

(max

. 320

00 c

hars

) :

Info

rmat

ion

rega

rdin

g th

e de

taile

d in

form

atio

n an

d br

eakd

own

of th

e es

timat

ed c

osts

for t

he A

I Pou

ltry

surv

ey in

the

UK

is d

etai

led

in T

able

7.2

.1 b

elow

. Co

st c

alcu

latio

ns a

re b

ased

on

conv

ersi

on o

f the

nat

iona

l cur

renc

y G

B po

unds

(GBP

) ste

rling

(£) t

o Eu

ros

usin

g th

e ex

chan

ge ra

te o

f 1.2

2524

228

Euro

s pe

r £1

GBP

, as

of 2

7 A

pril

2012

. Th

e la

bora

tory

test

ing

met

hods

are

bas

ed o

n th

e in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed in

sec

tion

2.4

abov

e.

7.1.

2

Wild

bird

s

(max

. 320

00 c

hars

) :

Info

rmat

ion

rega

rdin

g th

e de

taile

d in

form

atio

n an

d br

eakd

own

of th

e es

timat

ed c

osts

for t

he A

I Wild

Bird

sur

vey

in th

e U

K is

det

aile

d in

Tab

le 7

.2.2

bel

ow.

Cost

cal

cula

tions

are

bas

ed o

n co

nver

sion

of t

he n

atio

nal c

urre

ncy

GB

poun

ds (G

BP) s

terli

ng (£

) to

Euro

s us

ing

the

exch

ange

rate

of 1

.225

2422

8 Eu

ros

per

£1 G

BP, a

s of

27

Apr

il 20

12.

The

labo

rato

ry te

stin

g m

etho

ds a

re b

ased

on

the

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

in s

ectio

n 3.

4 ab

ove.

Page

31 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

7.2

Sum

mar

y of

the

cost

s

7.2.

1

Poul

try

surv

eilla

nce

Det

aile

d an

alys

is o

f the

cos

t of t

he p

rogr

amm

e - p

oultr

y

Labo

rato

ry te

stin

g Met

hods

of l

abor

ator

y an

alys

isN

umbe

r of t

ests

Uni

tary

test

cos

t (pe

r met

hod)

in €

Tota

l cos

t (€)

ELIS

A te

st0

00

agar

gel

imm

une

diffu

sion

test

00

0

Hae

mag

glut

inat

ion-

inhi

bitio

n-te

st (H

I) fo

r H5

(spe

cify

num

ber o

f tes

ts fo

r H5)

10 0

007.

7277

200

Hae

mag

glut

inat

ion-

inhi

bitio

n-te

st (H

I) fo

r H7

(spe

cify

num

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f tes

ts fo

r H7)

10 0

007.

7277

200

Viru

s iso

latio

n te

st10

92.5

192

5.1

PCR

test

700

28.1

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726

Oth

er p

leas

e sp

ecify

her

e0

00

Add

a n

ew ro

w

Page

32 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

Sam

plin

g

Num

ber o

f sam

ples

Uni

tary

cos

t in

€To

tal c

ost (

€)

Sam

ples

10 7

100

0

Oth

er m

easu

res

Num

ber o

f sam

ples

Uni

tary

cos

t in

€To

tal c

ost (

€)

Sam

ple

colle

ctio

n by

AH

VLA

field

sta

ff1

548,

910

5489

10x

AHVL

A ep

idem

iolo

gica

l exp

ertis

e, d

ata

man

agem

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adm

in a

nd c

onsu

ltanc

y1

114,

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1147

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a n

ew ro

w

Tota

l pou

ltry

Te

stin

g +

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plin

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er m

easu

res

31 4

2283

8 66

1,10

€

Page

33 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

7.2.

2

Wild

bird

surv

eilla

nce

Det

ail a

naly

sis o

f the

cos

t of t

he p

rogr

amm

e - w

ild b

irds

Labo

rato

ry te

stin

g Met

hods

of l

abor

ator

y an

alys

isN

umbe

r of t

ests

Uni

tary

test

cos

t (pe

r met

hod)

in €

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l cos

t (€)

Viru

s iso

latio

n te

st40

92.5

137

00.4

PCR

test

1 80

028

.18

5072

4

AIV

Sequ

encin

g10

279.

3627

93.6

Intra

veno

us p

atho

geni

city

inde

x (IV

PI) t

est

326

0.36

781.

08

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a n

ew ro

w

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plin

g

Num

ber o

f sam

ples

Uni

tary

cos

t in

€To

tal c

ost (

€)

Sam

ples

750

00

Page

34 su

r 35

versio

n : 2

.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

Oth

er m

easu

res

Num

ber

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t in

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€)

Post

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750

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K G

over

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bird

del

ivery

/col

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agen

ts1

171,

534

1715

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iolo

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ata

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l wild

bird

s T

estin

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easu

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3350

138 

353,

00 €

Gra

nd T

otal

Po

ultry

+ W

ild b

irds

3477

297

7 01

4,10

€

Page

35 su

r 35

versio

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.2

Stan

dard

requ

irem

ents

for t

he su

bmis

sion

of

surv

eilla

nce

prog

ram

mes

for a

vian

influ

enza

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chm

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OR

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he m

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pene

d.

Page 1 of 4

Great Britain Poultry Register (GBPR) Statistics: 2012

The following summarises demographic information about the poultry population of Great Britain (GB) in 2012 based on analysis of information extracted from the GB Poultry Register (Table 1). These data are also presented as a poultry density distribution (per km2) for traditional poultry species, comprising chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese (Figure 1) and for game birds, comprising pheasants and partridges (Figure 2). Both figures include location markers for the AHVLA Regional Laboratories and Surveillance Centres and SAC Disease Surveillance Centres as of January 2012, and administrative (county and unitary authority) boundaries.

Table 1. GB poultry demographics as of 01 January 2012

England Scotland Wales Total GBPR 01-Jan-12

Premises Birds Premises Birds Premises Birds Premises Birds

Layers and layer breeders (chickens)

4941 32,602,369 401 5,934,889 377 1,469,225 5,734 40,014,413

Broilers and broilers breeders (chickens)

1681 115,765,513 191 13,740998 129 7,510,055 2,003 137,362,566

Turkeys 1,157 9,103,598 44 29,811 76 368,323 1,274 9,501,882

Ducks and geese 2,163 5,830,432 255 161,330 150 71,413 2,575 6,053,794

Game birds* 6988 42,554,500 1,020 5,383,215 337 2,701,831 8,355 50,675,146

Total premises with 50 or more

birds** 16,926 205,856,412 1,911 25,239,512 1,069 12,120,847 19,941 243,607,801

Flocks registered with GBPR with less than

50 birds 14,036 237,5121 1,150 19,173 1148 20,686 16,388 278,464

*Game birds = pheasants and partridges **As of 01 January 2012, of the total premises with 50 or more birds, there were 35 poultry premises, holding a total of 391,030 birds in the GBPR that had not been able to have country coordinates assigned by RADAR (Rapid Analysis and Detection of Animal-related Risks). The sum of the premises column will not equal the total, as some premises will have multiple species. Turkeys and game birds numbers alter by month. For these premises the GBPR requires that the number of

birds entered on the form is the number of birds ‘usually present on the premises’. Small flocks with fewer than 50 birds do not have to register with the GBPR, so “backyard” flocks are under-

represented. Species not included in this report, but registered on the GBPR are guinea fowl, quail, pigeons reared for

meat, ostriches, emus, rheas, cassowaries and kiwis. Data extracted from the GB poultry register on 04 January 2012.

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Figure 1. Traditional poultry density distribution on 1st January 2012

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Figure 2. Game bird density distribution on 1st January 2012

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GBPR metadata for this report

Category and Definition Quality description

Relevance of report [degree to which data meets

user needs in terms of currency, geographical

coverage, content and detail]

- spatial coverage: Poultry premises in Great Britain (GB) registered on GBPR. - temporal coverage: GBPR historic - 01 January 2012 - date acquired: From the GBPR - historic on 03 January 2012 - detail: It is only mandatory for premises with 50 or more birds to register on the GBPR. Some premises with fewer birds have registered voluntarily but many will not be represented. Excludes de-registered poultry premises.

Accuracy and Precision [extent of data error and bias]

- sampling issues: It is only mandatory for premises with 50 or more birds to register on the GBPR. Some premises with fewer birds have registered voluntarily, but many will not be represented. Significant under-reporting, but level unknown. Distribution of flocks is also unknown, but may be similar to that provided here. - processing: Nil. - omissions: Excludes de-registered poultry premises. - measurement: GBPR data is captured in several ways but all capture the same detail. - assumptions: An assumption has been made that any premises that keep greater than 49 birds any of which are kept as ‘free range’ will have registered this on the GB Poultry Register

Comparability [how well these data can be

compared with data taken from the same dataset and with

similar data from other sources]

- within dataset comparability: As the GBPR is updated daily this report can be rerun and compared over time. Premises were assigned to country by the coordinates provided by RADAR. The report can also be broken down into different spatial domains as necessary or could be created by using the CPH number as a proxy for the country of a premise. - other dataset comparability: This report could be compared to other sources of poultry data such as the Agricultural survey (includes premises with less than 50 birds) June 2011 would be nearest comparison, although this dataset has different data acquisition methodologies.

Coherence [degree to which data can be or have been merged with other

data sources]

- disparate source: This report comes from one single data source, the GB Poultry Register. - difference in datasets: This report could be combined with other datasets and reports to produce a more detailed picture of the industry or to show a greater spatial extent.

170

106

162

148

146

150

171

160

166

139

51

147 158

143

110

155

165

118 167

145

119

163

149

168

138

137

121

156

90

141

134

92

126

153

154

169

125

53

159

94

151

79

116161

142

93

122

144

124

157

152

140

164

82

127

8

133

61

103

75

109

108

46

115

13

68

1

13089

2

123

96

11

97

65

111

113

24

88

37

48

99

32

102

132

85

59

107

114

71

20

120

78

57

91

35

64

4370

3

69

23 60

100

76

52

129

34

72105

74

95

77

25

8683

84

87

80

5

79

19

101

128

10

18

29

38

2814

27

73

15

16

117

41

98

31

33

30

55

50

54

22

42

17

45

104

44

62

47

46

67

26

81

136

49

40135

56

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6366

131

172

UNITARY AUTHORITIES37 BATH AND NORTH EAST SOMERSE38 BLACKBURN WITH DARWEN39 BLACKPOOL40 BOURNEMOUTH41 BRACKNELL FOREST42 BRIGHTON AND HOVE43 CITY OF BRISTOL44 CITY OF DERBY45 CITY OF KINGSTON UPON HULL46 CITY OF LEICESTER47 CITY OF NOTTINGHAM48 CITY OF PETERBOROUGH49 CITY OF SOUTHAMPTON50 CITY OF STOKE-ON-TRENT51 COUNTY OF HER FORDSHIRE52 DARLINGTON53 EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE54 HALTON55 HARTLEPOOL56 LUTON57 MEDWAY58 MIDDLESBROUGH59 MILTON KEYNES60 NORTH EAST LINCOLNSHIRE61 NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE62 POOLE63 READING64 REDCAR AND CLEVELAND65 RUTLAND66 SLOUGH67 SOUTHEND-ON-SEA68 SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE69 STOCKTON-ON-TEES70 SWINDON71 TELFORD AND WREKIN72 THURROCK73 TORBAY74 WARRINGTON75 WEST BERKSHIRE76 WINDSOR AND MAIDENHEAD77 WOKINGHAM78 YORK79 ANGUS80 CL CKMANNANSHIRE81 DUNDEE CITY82 EAST AYRSHIRE83 EAST DUNBARTONSHIRE84 EAST RENFREWSHIRE85 FALKIRK

COUNTIES137 BEDFORDSHIRE138 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE139 CAMBRIDGESHIRE140 CHESHIRE141 CUMBRIA142 DERBYSHIRE143 DORSET144 DURHAM145 EAST SUSSEX146 ESSEX147 GLOUCESTERSHIRE148 HAMPSHIRE149 HERTFORDSHIRE150 KENT151 LANCASHIRE152 LEICESTERSHIRE153 LINCOLNSHIRE154 NORFOLK155 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE156 NORTH YORKSHIRE157 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE158 OXFORDSHIRE159 SHROPSHIRE160 SOMERSET161 STAFFORDSHIRE162 SUFFOLK163 SURREY164 WARWICKSHIRE165 WEST SUSSEX166 WILTSHIRE167 WORCESTERSHIRE169 NORTHUMBERLAND170 DEVON171 CORNWALL172 ISLES OF SCILLY

GREATER LONDON AUTHORITY168 GREATER LONDON AUTHORITY

METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS1 BARNSLEY2 BIRMINGHAM3 BOLTON4 BRADFORD5 BURY6 CALDERDALE7 COVENTRY8 DONCASTER9 DUDLEY10 GATESHEAD11 KIRKLEES12 KNOWSLEY13 LEEDS14 LIVERPOOL15 MANCHESTER16 NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE17 NORTH TYNESIDE18 OLDHAM19 ROCHDALE20 ROTHERHAM21 SALFORD22 SANDWELL23 SEFTON24 SHEFFIELD25 SOLIHULL26 SOUTH TYNESIDE27 STOCKPORT28 ST HELENS29 SUNDERLAND30 TAMESIDE31 TRAFFORD32 WAKEFIELD33 WALSALL34 WIGAN35 WIRRAL36 WOLVERHAMPTON

Not a targeted surveillance area

Targeted surveillance area

Wild bird surveillancepriority counties

05 December 2006