Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 1 : Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology.
Survey of anatomy & physiology chap 5
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Transcript of Survey of anatomy & physiology chap 5
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TISSUES FROM CELLSTISSUES FROM CELLS
Cells are basic building blocks of the body
Similar cells are organized into tissues that perform similar
functions
Cells are basic building blocks of the body
Similar cells are organized into tissues that perform similar
functionsCELLS
TISSUES
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ORGANS FROM ORGANS FROM TISSUESTISSUES
A combination of tissues designed
to perform a specific
function or several
functions is called an organ
A combination of tissues designed
to perform a specific
function or several
functions is called an organ
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ORGANS INTO ORGANS INTO SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
Organs that work together
to perform specific
activities, often with help of accessory
structures, form systems
Organs that work together
to perform specific
activities, often with help of accessory
structures, form systems
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TISSUES-FOUR TYPESTISSUES-FOUR TYPES
1
23
4
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1-Epithelial Tissue1-Epithelial Tissue
Covers and lines much of body and also covers many of the parts found in body
Covers and lines much of body and also covers many of the parts found in body
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1-Epithelial Tissue1-Epithelial Tissue
Cells are packed tightly together, forming a sheet that usually has no blood vessels in itCells are packed tightly together, forming a
sheet that usually has no blood vessels in it
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1-EPITHELIAL CELL 1-EPITHELIAL CELL SHAPESSHAPES
a
bc
d
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1-Epithelial Cell 1-Epithelial Cell ShapesShapes
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1-Epithelial Cell 1-Epithelial Cell ShapesShapes
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1-Epithelial Cell 1-Epithelial Cell ArrangementArrangement
a
b
c
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Figure 5-1Types and locations of epithelial
tissues.
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The PA/Instructor Asks:
A. StratifiedB. SimpleC. Pseudo-stratifiedD. Columnar
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Membranes- Membranes- “Special” Epithelial “Special” Epithelial
CellsCellsSheet like
structures found throughout body
that perform special functions
andcan be classified as
organs
Sheet like structures found throughout body
that perform special functions
andcan be classified as
organs
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Membranes- Membranes- “Special” Epithelial “Special” Epithelial
CellsCellsEpithelial membranes possess a top layer of
epithelial tissue and bottom layer of
specialized connective tissue
Epithelial membranes possess a top layer of
epithelial tissue and bottom layer of
specialized connective tissue
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Membranes- Membranes- “Special” Epithelial “Special” Epithelial
CellsCells
a
b
c
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Figure 5-2Location of serous and mucous
membranes.
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2-Connective Tissue2-Connective Tissue
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Figure 5-3Types and locations of
connective tissues.
Most common of tissues; found
scattered throughout body
Holds things together; provides
structure and support
Most common of tissues; found
scattered throughout body
Holds things together; provides
structure and support
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2-Connective Tissue2-Connective Tissue
Fine, delicate webs of loosely connected tissue or strong cordlike
structures similar to wire cables
Fine, delicate webs of loosely connected tissue or strong cordlike
structures similar to wire cables
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2-Connective Tissue2-Connective Tissue
Necessary for proper functioning of the bodyNecessary for proper
functioning of the body
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2-Connective Tissue2-Connective Tissue
Composed of DENSE connective tissue
Composed of DENSE connective tissue
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2-Connective Tissue2-Connective Tissue
Composed of DENSE connective tissue to form a protective barrierComposed of DENSE connective
tissue to form a protective barrier
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Figure 5-4The synovial joint
This fluid greatly reduces friction when joints move
This fluid greatly reduces friction when joints move
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Synovial Membrane &
Fluid
Important membrane found in spaces between bone joints; produces slippery substance called
synovial fluid
Important membrane found in spaces between bone joints; produces slippery substance called
synovial fluid
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3-Muscle Tissue3-Muscle Tissue
Three types of tissue that provide means for movementThree types of tissue that provide means for movement
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3-Muscle Tissue3-Muscle Tissue
This form of tissue has ability to shorten itself (contractility)This form of tissue has ability to shorten itself (contractility)
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3a-Skeletal Muscle3a-Skeletal Muscle
Striped appearance or STRIATED and attached to
bones
Striped appearance or STRIATED and attached to
bones
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3a-Skeletal Muscle3a-Skeletal Muscle
Surrounds openings in body, such as mouth, where it controls
size of openingLong, fiber-like cells with many
nuclei in each cell
Surrounds openings in body, such as mouth, where it controls
size of openingLong, fiber-like cells with many
nuclei in each cell
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3a-Skeletal Muscle3a-Skeletal Muscle
Brain controls muscle contraction; because these muscles are controlled consciously, they are called
voluntary muscles
Brain controls muscle contraction; because these muscles are controlled consciously, they are called
voluntary muscles
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3b-Cardiac Muscle3b-Cardiac Muscle
Found in the walls of the heart with interlocking cells that makes for more efficient
contraction
Found in the walls of the heart with interlocking cells that makes for more efficient
contraction
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3b-Cardiac Muscle3b-Cardiac Muscle
Heart beats without our conscious control; muscle type considered
involuntary muscle
Heart beats without our conscious control; muscle type considered
involuntary muscle
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3c-Smooth Muscles3c-Smooth Muscles
Forms walls of hollow organs,
such as in digestive system
(often called visceral tissue)
and blood vessels
Forms walls of hollow organs,
such as in digestive system
(often called visceral tissue)
and blood vessels
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3c-Smooth Muscles3c-Smooth Muscles
Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles not controlled by
conscious thoughts
Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles not controlled by
conscious thoughts
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Figure 5-5Labeled diagram and flowchart of
the three muscle tissue types
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4-Nervous Tissue4-Nervous Tissue
Acts as rapid messenger service for body; messages can
cause actions to occur
Acts as rapid messenger service for body; messages can
cause actions to occur
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4-Nervous Tissue4-Nervous Tissue
Second type of nervous tissue cell that function
as support and connection cells
Second type of nervous tissue cell that function
as support and connection cells
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Figure 5-6
The two main types of nerve cells.
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4-Nervous Tissue4-Nervous Tissue
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Test Your Knowledge
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ORGANS FROM ORGANS FROM TISSUESTISSUES
A combination of tissues designed
to perform a specific
function or several
functions is called an organ
A combination of tissues designed
to perform a specific
function or several
functions is called an organ
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OrgansOrgans
Result of two or more types of tissues
organizing in such a way as to accomplish a task that the tissues cannot do on
their own
Result of two or more types of tissues
organizing in such a way as to accomplish a task that the tissues cannot do on
their own
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OrgansOrgans
Some occur singly and some in pairsSome occur singly and some in pairs
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The PA/Instructor Asks:
A. SpleenB. LiverC. HeartD. Lungs
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ORGANS INTO ORGANS INTO SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
Organs that work together
to perform specific
activities, often with help of accessory
structures, form systems
Organs that work together
to perform specific
activities, often with help of accessory
structures, form systems
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SystemsSystems
Each is interrelated,
often depending on one another for proper functioning
Each is interrelated,
often depending on one another for proper functioning
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Systems of Human BodySystems of Human Body
Respiratory
Respiratory
Cardio-Vascula
r
Cardio-Vascula
r
Muscular
Lymph &
Immune
Integumentary
Integumentary
Nervous
Urinary
Urinary
Gastro Intestin
al
Gastro Intestin
al
Reproductive
Reproductive
Skeletal
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Five SensesFive Senses
Smell
TasteHearing
Hearing
TouchTouch Sight
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TAKE A BREAK
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Functions:
Provides support and structure for body
Protects organs Provides movement Stores variety of minerals Produces blood cells
Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
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Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
CartilageCartilage
BonesBones
JointsJoints
LigamentsLigaments
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Figure 5-7
The skeletal system
206 Bones Total
80 Axial-bones of the torso and
skull
+126
Appendicular-bones in the
limbs and support bones
206 Bones Total
80 Axial-bones of the torso and
skull
+126
Appendicular-bones in the
limbs and support bones
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Specialties-Skeleton
Orthopedics-study of skeleton joints, muscles, ligaments and muscles
Rheumatology-study of inflammation, pain and stiffness in muscles and
joints
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Muscular SystemMuscular System
3 kinds of
Muscles
3 kinds of
Muscles
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Muscular System-Muscular System-SkeletalSkeletal
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Muscular System-Muscular System-CardiacCardiac
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Muscular System-Muscular System-SmoothSmooth
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Specialties-Muscular
Orthopedics-study of skeleton joints, muscles, ligaments and muscles
Rheumatology-study of inflammation, pain and stiffness in muscles and
joints
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Figure 5-8
The muscular system
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Integumentary Integumentary SystemSystem
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Integumentary Integumentary SystemSystem
Protects from
pathogens and
dehydration
Protects from
pathogens and
dehydration
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Integumentary Integumentary SystemSystem
Regulates body temp-
sweat, shiver,
blood vessel diameter change
Regulates body temp-
sweat, shiver,
blood vessel diameter change
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Integumentary Integumentary SystemSystem
Senses the outside
world-heat, cold, pain
and pressure
Senses the outside
world-heat, cold, pain
and pressure
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Integumentary Integumentary SystemSystem
Glands lubricate and waterproof the skin &
inhibit growth of unwanted bacteria
Glands lubricate and waterproof the skin &
inhibit growth of unwanted bacteria
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Figure 5-9The integumentary system
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Specialties-Skin
Dermatology-study of the skin
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Sends and receives messages, stimulated by
body's internal and external environments, affecting how we perceive world and protecting us from harm
Sensations caused by stimulation of our sensory receptors
Nervous SystemNervous System
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Nervous SystemNervous System
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Nervous SystemNervous System
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Nervous System-Nervous System-Sensory OrgansSensory Organs
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Nervous System-Nervous System-3 functions3 functions
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Figure 5-10
The nervous system
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Nervous System-Nervous System-SpecialtiesSpecialties
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Endocrine SystemEndocrine System
Acts as control center for
virtually all of the body’s
organs
Acts as control center for
virtually all of the body’s
organs
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Endocrine SystemEndocrine System
Endocrine glands release chemicals (hormones) that are circulated via the cardiovascular
system, regulating the
body’s metabolic processes and
utilizing carbohydrates,
fats, and proteins for growth and production
Endocrine glands release chemicals (hormones) that are circulated via the cardiovascular
system, regulating the
body’s metabolic processes and
utilizing carbohydrates,
fats, and proteins for growth and production
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Endocrine SystemEndocrine System
Helps regulate fluid and
electrolyte balance
Helps cope with stresses produced by infection and
trauma
Helps regulate fluid and
electrolyte balance
Helps cope with stresses produced by infection and
trauma
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Endocrine System-Endocrine System-main componentsmain components
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Figure 5-11The endocrine system
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Cardiovascular Cardiovascular SystemSystem
Also called the
circulatory system-main
transport system to
each cell of our body
Also called the
circulatory system-main
transport system to
each cell of our body
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Cardiovascular Cardiovascular SystemSystem
Water, oxygen, and a variety of nutrients and
other substances
necessary for life are
transported to cells, while
waste products removed from
cells
Water, oxygen, and a variety of nutrients and
other substances
necessary for life are
transported to cells, while
waste products removed from
cells
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Cardiovascular Cardiovascular SystemSystem
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Figure 5-12The cardiovascular system.
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Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
Supplies cells with fresh
oxygen and removes carbon dioxide without
conscious effort
Supplies cells with fresh
oxygen and removes carbon dioxide without
conscious effort
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Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
Filters, warms and moistens air we breathe and inhale
Filters, warms and moistens air we breathe and inhale
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Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
Mucous lining of the airway
helps trap foreign
particles and germs
Mucous lining of the airway
helps trap foreign
particles and germs
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Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
System helps maintain proper acid base balance of blood
System helps maintain proper acid base balance of blood
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Figure 5-13The respiratory system
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Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
Responsible for helping the
body to maintain
proper fluid balance and protect it
from infection
Responsible for helping the
body to maintain
proper fluid balance and protect it
from infection
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Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
Special structures,
called lymph nodes, act as filters to
capture unwanted infectious
agents
Special structures,
called lymph nodes, act as filters to
capture unwanted infectious
agents
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Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
Produces specialized infection-fighting white blood cells called lymphocytes
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Figure 5-14The lymphatic system
Major parts of system: lymph vessels, lymph ducts, lymph
nodes, thymus gland, tonsils,
and spleen
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Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal (Digestive)System(Digestive)System
Often called GI system; breaks down raw materials (food), both mechanically and chemically, into usable
substances
Often called GI system; breaks down raw materials (food), both mechanically and chemically, into usable
substances
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Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal (Digestive)System(Digestive)System
Absorbs substances for transportation
Absorbs substances for transportation
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Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal SystemSystem
Transports waste
(produced by unused
materials) out of the body
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Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal System-Main PartsSystem-Main Parts
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Figure 5-15The digestive system.
Includes the liver, gallbladder, pancreas and salivary glands
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Figure 5-16
This is an example of an individual with a body
image problem in which her self-perception is of
being overweight.
Distorted Body ImageDistorted Body Image
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Plays important role in
elimination of waste products, electrolytes,
drugs, and other toxins, as well as excessive water
Urinary SystemUrinary System
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Urinary SystemUrinary System
Water regulation, blood
pressure regulation,
regulation of red blood cells, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance
Water regulation, blood
pressure regulation,
regulation of red blood cells, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance
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Urinary SystemUrinary System
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Figure 5-17The male and female
urinary systems
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Often combined with urinary system to make
genitourinary system, or GU system Purpose is to make new humans
Reproductive SystemReproductive System
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Figure 5-18The male and female reproductive systems.
Main female parts of system: ovaries,
eggs, fallopian tubes, uterus, and
vagina Main male parts of
system: testes, sperm, and penis
Main female parts of system: ovaries,
eggs, fallopian tubes, uterus, and
vagina Main male parts of
system: testes, sperm, and penis
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Test Your Knowledge
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Case Study
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Anatomy Quiz