survey

choosing a basic method of research

• survey • observation • experiment "survey research is often descriptive in nature

but can be causal. observation research is typically descriptive and experiment research is almost causal. survey research involves an interviewer (expect in mail and internet survey) who interacts with respondent to obtain fact, opinions and attitudes".....

SURVEYS

• Its used for collecting primary data based on verbal or written communication with representative sample of individuals....

• its method is a device for collecting data of certain desired characteristic of universe

• researcher want to collect data on phenomena that cannot be directly observed

feature of survey

• survey method is a field study• it seeks responses directly from the

respondents.• it can cover a very huge population • it an extensive as well as intensive study • a survey cover a definite geographical

area

objective of survey

• to provide information to govt or planner or business enterprises

• its used to explain a phenomenon• survey are designed to make comparison

of demographic group.• survey conducted to known cause and

effect relationship is useful for making predictions

type of survey

• cross-sectional survey :- in cross- sectional studies variables of interest in

sample of subject are examined once and the relationship between them are determined

cross section survey are used to gather information on a popluation at a single point in time

• longitudinal survey longitudinal survey gather data from a period of time.

that means the respondents are questioned at different moment in time .

the main objectives of longitudinal survey is to examine continuity of response and to observe change that occur in due course......

• trend studies :- trend studies focuss on a particular population, which

is sampled and scrutinized repeatedly, while sample are of the population, they are typically not composed of the same people.

• cohort studies:-- cohort studies also focuss on a particular

population samplesd and studies more than onces . but the focuss of cohort studies may be different...

• panel studies :-- the researcher tries find out why change in the

population are occuring by using the same sample of people evertime . it involves collecting data from the same sample of individual overstime.. that sample is called a panel . its known as panel studies

method of survey

• census and sample survey:- this method involves a complete

enumeration of all units of the popultion or unierse . all thing in any fields of inquring constitutes a " universe" or population . its the aggregate of all units possessing certain specified characterstics on which the sample seek to draws inferences

• merits 1. the data are collected from each and every item of

population2. the result are more accurate and relible 3. intensive study is possible 4. collected data can be used for various survey and

analysis

• demerits:-1. its requires more time, efforts and money 2. large number or enurmerators is needed to collect data3. if the universal is infinite , its is not possible to conduct a

complete enurmeration survey

• sample survey a sample is smaller representation of a large

unit or values . so a sample is that part of universe or population which we select for the purpose of investigation. the selected respondent constitutes sample and selection process is called sampling and the survey so conduct is sample survey

• fax survey a questionnaires is inserted in a magazine. the

respondent are required to submit that filled questionnaires by fax it to certain phone number , questionnaire can also be faxed to the respondent .

these can reduces cost of researcher too

• internet and e mail surveys:-- an internet survey is a self administered questionnaire

posted on web site. the respondent answer that questionnaires . in the casue of e mail survey questionnaires are sent to respondent through email is relatively a new method which can be for collecting data

• merits