Surpass Hit 7300

SURPASS hiT 73004.1

Technical Description (TED)

A42022-L5972-B051-02-7618

2 A42022-L5972-B051-02-7618Issue: 2 Issue date: December 2007


The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of Nokia Siemens Networks customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document is submitted, and no part of it may be used, reproduced, modified or transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nokia Siemens Networks. The documentation has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it. Nokia Siemens Networks welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development and improvement of the documentation.

The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products are given "as is" and all liability arising in connection with such hardware or software products shall be defined conclusively and finally in a separate agreement between Nokia Siemens Networks and the customer. However, Nokia Siemens Networks has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the document are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia Siemens Networks will, if deemed necessary by Nokia Siemens Networks, explain issues which may not be covered by the document.

Nokia Siemens Networks will correct errors in this documentation as soon as possible. IN NO EVENT WILL NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMEN-TATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY LOSSES, SUCH AS BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFIT, REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY OR DATA,THAT MAY ARISE FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION IN IT.

This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected by copyrights and other intellectual property rights according to the applicable laws.

The wave logo is a trademark of Nokia Siemens Networks Oy. Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Siemens is a registered trademark of Siemens AG.

Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective owners, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.

Copyright Nokia Siemens Networks 2007. All rights reserved.

f Important Notice on Product SafetyElevated voltages are inevitably present at specific points in this electrical equipment. Some of the parts may also have elevated operating temperatures.

Non-observance of these conditions and the safety instructions can result in personal injury or in property damage.

Therefore, only trained and qualified personnel may install and maintain the system.

The system complies with the standard EN 60950 / IEC 60950. All equipment connected has to comply with the applicable safety standards.

The same text in German:

Wichtiger Hinweis zur Produktsicherheit

In elektrischen Anlagen stehen zwangslufig bestimmte Teile der Gerte unter Span-nung. Einige Teile knnen auch eine hohe Betriebstemperatur aufweisen.

Eine Nichtbeachtung dieser Situation und der Warnungshinweise kann zu Krperverlet-zungen und Sachschden fhren.

Deshalb wird vorausgesetzt, dass nur geschultes und qualifiziertes Personal die Anlagen installiert und wartet.

Das System entspricht den Anforderungen der EN 60950 / IEC 60950. Angeschlossene Gerte mssen die zutreffenden Sicherheitsbestimmungen erfllen.

A42022-L5972-B051-02-7618Issue: 2 Issue date: December 2007

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Statements of compliance

FCC statement

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Shielded cables must be used with this unit to ensure compliance with the Class A FCC limits.This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equip-ment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

CE statement

The CE conformity declaration for the product is fulfilled when the system is built and cabled in line with the information given in the manual and the documentation specified within it, such as installation instructions, cable lists or the like. Where necessary project-specific documentation should be taken into consideration. Deviations from the specifications or independent modifications to the layout, such as use of cable types with lower screening values for example, can lead to violation of the CE protection requirements. In such cases the conformity declaration is invalidated. The responsibility for any prob-lems which subsequently arise rests with the party responsible for deviating from the installation spec-ifications.


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Table of ContentsThis document has 167 pages.

1 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.1 Intended audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.2 Structure of this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.3 Symbols and conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.4 History of changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2 Introduction to SURPASS hiT 7300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.1 General functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.2 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.3 Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.4 Wavelength bands/frequency spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.5 CWDM support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.6 StrataLight OTS-4000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.7 MPBC RMH07 series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.8 Compatibility with other systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3 System functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.1 Optical transmission functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.1.1 Laser safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.1.2 Super Forward Error Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.1.3 Traffic protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.1.4 Control and management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303.2 System management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.2.1 Optical Supervisory Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.2.2 Data Communication Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.2.3 Network Time Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.2.4 Engineering Order Wire interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.2.5 User channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.2.6 Telemetry Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.3 Performance management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.4 Fault management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.4.1 Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.4.2 Alarm Indication Signal behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.5 Loopback behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.5.1 I04T2G5-1 loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.5.2 I01T10G-1 loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.5.3 I08T10G-1 loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4 Network Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.1 Optical Line Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.2 Optical Network Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.2.1 Optical Network Node - Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.2.2 Optical Network Node - Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.2.3 Optical Network Node - Reconfigurable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.2.4 Optical Network Node - Small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574.3 Standalone Optical Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58



4.3.1 Passive DWDM applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.3.2 Long single span applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

5 Supported cards and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625.1 Controller cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635.2 Line Amplifier cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645.3 Raman Pump card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655.4 External pump cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665.5 Channel power monitor card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675.6 Booster-less line interface card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675.7 Filter cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.7.1 F04MDN-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.7.2 F04MDU-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.7.3 F08SB-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.7.4 F16SB-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705.7.5 F40-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705.7.6 F40MR-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705.8 CWDM equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715.8.1 Patch-cord solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715.8.2 Filter pack solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725.9 Variable Optical Attenuator cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735.10 Dispersion Compensation Module cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745.11 Unidirectional Dispersion Compensation Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755.12 Transponder cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765.12.1 I04T2G5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775.12.2 I01T10G-1 Regio/LH(S)/LHD(S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.12.3 I08T10G-1 LH(S)/LHD(S)/Regio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.13 Optical channel protection card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

6 Mechanical design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856.1 Shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856.1.1 Shelf design details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856.1.2 Shelf fan unit and air filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876.1.3 Connector Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886.2 Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896.2.1 Rack arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906.2.2 Power Distribution Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906.2.3 TIF distribution panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916.3 Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.3.1 Blank panels and faceplates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936.3.2 Card label. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936.3.3 Card faceplate LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946.3.4 Controller card faceplate elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

7 System bring-up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987.1 Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987.2 Delivery formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007.3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007.4 Commissioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100


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8 Network management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.1 SURPASS hiT 7300 Local Craft Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038.2 @CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038.3 TNMS CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038.4 TNMS Core/CDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1048.5 Access and security management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058.5.1 Network Element access management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058.5.2 User security management and access control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068.6 Network management interfaces and architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068.6.1 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068.6.2 Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

9 Technical data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089.1 Physical layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089.2 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109.2.1 Line interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109.2.2 Client interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159.2.3 Management interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1289.3 Cards and equipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1319.3.1 Controller cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1319.3.2 Line amplifier cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1339.3.3 Raman Pump card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1379.3.4 External pump card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1379.3.5 Channel power monitor card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1389.3.6 Booster-less line interface card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1389.3.7 Filter cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399.3.8 CWDM equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1439.3.9 Variable Optical Attenuator cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1449.3.10 Dispersion Compensation Module cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1449.3.11 UDCM cards and tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1469.3.12 Transponder cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1499.3.13 Optical channel protection card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1539.4 Supervision and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1539.5 Power supply and system consumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1549.5.1 Rack and shelf power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1549.5.2 Shelves power consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1559.5.3 Cards and units power consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1559.6 Environmental specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1569.7 Shelves mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1579.8 Racks mechanical data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1589.9 PC requirements for the LCT software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

10 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165



List of FiguresFigure 1 SURPASS hiT 7300 in network environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Figure 2 Network topologies using SURPASS hiT 7300 OLR and ONN NEs . . . 20Figure 3 Network topologies using SURPASS hiT 7300 SON NE . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Figure 4 CWDM client traffic aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Figure 5 CWDM connection of a remote SON terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Figure 6 I04T2G5-1 OChP architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Figure 7 10 Gbit/s OChP architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Figure 8 Optical link communication between NEs example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figure 9 Optical Supervisory Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Figure 10 NTP synchronization example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Figure 11 EOW conference call setup (interconnected ring network example) . . . 35Figure 12 User channels setup example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Figure 13 I04T2G5-1 loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Figure 14 I01TG10-1 loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Figure 15 I08TG10-1 loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Figure 16 Optical path sections example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Figure 17 OLR structure example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Figure 18 Flexible filter structure for EOL=12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Figure 19 Flexible filter structure for EOL=20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Figure 20 Flexible filter structure for EOL=32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Figure 21 Flexible filter structure for EOL=40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Figure 22 Full access filter structure using F40-1 cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Figure 23 ONN-T structure example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Figure 24 ONN-I structure example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Figure 25 ONN-R structure example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Figure 26 ONN-S structure example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Figure 27 SON flexible filter structure for passive DWDM (EOL=40) . . . . . . . . . . . 59Figure 28 Passive SON terminal filter structure with F40-1 filter cards (EOL=40) . 60Figure 29 SON structure example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Figure 30 Long single span architecture using SON and RMH07 series equipment .

61Figure 31 Line amplifier cards basic structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Figure 32 PRC-1 basic structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Figure 33 MCP404-1 and MCP404-2 functional diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Figure 34 F04MDN-1 card structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Figure 35 F04MDU-1 card structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Figure 36 F08SB-1 card structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Figure 37 F16SB-1 card structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Figure 38 F40-1 card structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Figure 39 F40MR-1 card structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Figure 40 CWDM add/drop patch-cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Figure 41 CWDM filter pack shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Figure 42 FC01MDUP-1/n, FC04MDUP-1/E and FC04MDP-1/C functional diagrams

73Figure 43 UDCM plug-in box and tray. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Figure 44 SFP module (example) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77


9


Figure 45 Mapping schemes of client signals to OTU1 optical channel. . . . . . . . . 79Figure 46 XFP module (example) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Figure 47 Mapping schemes of client signals to OTU2V optical channel . . . . . . . 81Figure 48 Mapping schemes of client signals to OTU2V optical channel . . . . . . . 83Figure 49 O03CP-1 basic structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Figure 50 SURPASS hiT 7300 ANSI and ETSI shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Figure 51 ANSI and ETSI shelf details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Figure 52 Connector panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Figure 53 Rack arrangements; ANSI 7-foot and ETSI 2200 mm racks . . . . . . . . . 90Figure 54 CTDP-1 faceplate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Figure 55 Cards design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Figure 56 Card label location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Figure 57 CCEP-1 front panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Figure 58 SURPASS TransNet network planning example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Figure 59 Network management functions according to ITU-T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Figure 60 Craft terminals in a transmission network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Figure 61 System architecture of TNMS Core/CDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Figure 62 Network management interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Figure 63 TMN systems connection via gateway NE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107



List of TablesTable 1 Main chapters overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Table 2 List of conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Table 3 Document history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Table 4 SURPASS hiT 7300 available OADM architectures using ONN NEs . . 18Table 5 Frequency/wavelength of SURPASS hiT 7300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Table 6 CWDM supported wavelengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Table 7 Combinations of working/protection line ports and client ports on the

I04T2G5-1 card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Table 8 NTP server definition in each NE role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Table 9 Default TIF actors functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Table 10 AIS implementation with I04T2G5-1 card,

Client In to Line Out direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Table 11 AIS implementation with I04T2G5-1 card,

Line In to Client Out direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Table 12 AIS implementation with I01T10G-1 card,

Client In to Line Out direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Table 13 AIS implementation with I01T10G-1 card,

Line In to Client Out direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Table 14 AIS implementation with I08T10G-1 card,

Client In to Line Out direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Table 15 AIS implementation with I08T10G-1 card,

Line In to Client Out direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Table 16 SURPASS hiT 7300 NEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Table 17 EOL counts overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Table 18 Card name scheme explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Table 19 Controller cards overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Table 20 Line amplifier cards overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Table 21 Raman pump card overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Table 22 External pump cards overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Table 23 Channel power monitor card overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Table 24 OSC termination card overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Table 25 Filter cards overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Table 26 CWDM filter modules overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Table 27 VOA card overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Table 28 DCM cards overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Table 29 UDCM cards overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Table 30 Transponder cards overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Table 31 I04T2G5-1 card GbE SFP client interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Table 32 I04T2G5-1 card STM-16 and OC-48 SFP client interfaces . . . . . . . . . . 78Table 33 I04T2G5-1 card OTU1 SFP client interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Table 34 I04T2G5-1 card FC and FICON SFP client interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Table 35 I01T10G-1 card 10GbE XFP client interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Table 36 I01T10G-1 STM-64 and OC-192 10 Gbit/s XFP client interfaces . . . . . 81Table 37 I01T10G-1 OTU2 10 Gbit/s XFP client interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Table 38 I08T10G-1 card GbE SFP client interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Table 39 I08T10G-1 card STM-16 and OC-48 SFP client interfaces . . . . . . . . . . 82


11


Table 40 I08T10G-1 card OTU1 SFP client interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Table 41 OChP card overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Table 42 Shelf types description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Table 43 COPA connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Table 44 CTDP-1 connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Table 45 Standard front LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Table 46 Controller card variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Table 47 Controller card interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Table 48 Physical layers, general information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Table 49 Physical layers, interface at point MPI-SM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Table 50 Physical layers, optical path (single span) from point MPI-SM to

point MPI-RM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Table 51 Physical layers, interface at point MPI-RM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Table 52 DWDM-SFP (2.5G) (standard version) optical line

interface specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Table 53 DWDM-SFP with extended dispersion tolerance (2.5G) optical line

interface specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Table 54 CWDM-SFP C8S1-0D2 and C8S1-1D2 optical line interface specifications

111Table 55 CWDM-SFP C8L1-0D2 and C8L1-1D2 optical line interface specifications

112Table 56 MSA300 (10G) Regio optical line interface specifications . . . . . . . . . 112Table 57 MSA300 (10G) LH optical line interface specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Table 58 MSA300 (10G) MLSE optical line interface specifications . . . . . . . . . 114Table 59 GbE SFP optical client interfaces specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Table 60 Electrical GbE client interfaces specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Table 61 10GbE XFP optical client interfaces specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Table 62 STM-16/OC-48 optical client interfaces specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Table 63 STM-64/OC-192 optical client interfaces specifications . . . . . . . . . . . 120Table 64 OTU1 optical client interfaces specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Table 65 OTU2 optical client interfaces specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Table 66 FC and FICON optical client interfaces specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Table 67 User channels, ILANs, Q and QF interfaces specifications . . . . . . . . 128Table 68 EOW handset interface specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Table 69 EOW shelf-interconnect interface specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Table 70 TIF interface specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Table 71 CTDP-1 specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Table 72 CCEP-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Table 73 CCMP-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Table 74 CCSP-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Table 75 LALIC-1, LALBC-1 and LALBCH-1 cards specifications . . . . . . . . . . . 133Table 76 LALPC-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Table 77 LAMIC-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Table 78 LAMPC-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Table 79 LASBC-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Table 80 PRC-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Table 81 PL-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Table 82 MCP404-1 and MCP404-2 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138



Table 83 LIFB-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Table 84 F04MDU-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Table 85 F04MDN-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Table 86 F08SB-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Table 87 F16SB-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Table 88 F40-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Table 89 F40MR-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Table 90 CWDM equipment specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Table 91 O08VA-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Table 92 D0340SMF, D0680SMF, D1020SMF, D1360SMF, D1700SMF,

D0340LEF, D0510LEF and D0680LEF cards specifications . . . . . . . . 145Table 93 D0340DCF, D0510DCF and D0680DCF cards specifications . . . . . . . 145Table 94 D1020DCF and D1360DCF cards specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Table 95 UDCM cards and tray specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Table 96 I04T2G5-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Table 97 I01T10G-1 Regio/LH card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150Table 98 I08T10G-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Table 99 O03CP-1 card specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Table 100 OSC specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Table 101 DCN specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Table 102 Rack and shelf power supply specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Table 103 Electrical power consumption of the shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Table 104 Electrical power consumption of the cards and units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Table 105 System environmental specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Table 106 Dimensions and weight of the shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Table 107 Dimensions and weight of the ANSI rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Table 108 Dimensions and weight of the standard and hiT 7300 ETSI rack . . . . 158Table 109 Minimum PC requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159


13

Technical Description (TED) Preface

1 PrefaceThis chapter describes the audience, structure, conventions and history of changes of the SURPASS hiT 7300 Technical Description Guide.

1.1 Intended audienceThis document is intended for all personnel that require a general introduction and overview of the SURPASS hiT 7300 system.

1.2 Structure of this documentThis document comprises the following main chapters:

g Some features described in this documentation may not be available. In order to identify the features released for your project, please refer to the Release Notes delivered together with the product.

1.3 Symbols and conventionsThe following symbols and conventions are used in this document:

Chapter Title SubjectChapter 1 Preface Provides an introduction to this document.

Chapter 2 IntroductionGives a general introduction to the SURPASS hiT 7300 functionality and typical applications.

Chapter 3 System functions Describes the most important functions of the system.

Chapter 4 Network Elements Describes the available network elements and their subtypes.

Chapter 5 Supported cards Lists all available cards and their main functions within the system.

Chapter 6 Mechanical design Provides an overview of the mechanical features of shelves, racks, and cards.

Chapter 7 System bring-upProvides some basic information about the systems planning, installation, and commissioning.

Chapter 8 Network managementProvides an overview of the network management software, interfaces, and architecture.

Chapter 9 Technical data Contains technical data of all the systems components, i.e., shelves, cards, etc.

Chapter 10 Abbreviations Contains a list with the meaning of all the abbreviations used within this manual.

Table 1 Main chapters overview


Technical Description (TED)Preface

Conventions used

Symbols usedg Used for notes, tips, or additional information.

Representation MeaningInverted commas Window names and wizard titles are denoted with inverted

commas.

Example: Open the Help and Support Center window. The New Connection wizard is displayed.

Bold Field names, buttons, and text on GUIs are denoted by bold type.Example: Click Shutdown and then click OK to turn off the computer.

Italic Variables and file extensions are denoted by italic text.Example: Enter 192.168.0.1 in the IP address field. Click OK to produce a .pdf rendition.

Courier Commands, screen output, file names and paths are represented by using courier font.Example: # ping -t 192.168.0.1

Keyboard actions or place holders for distinct names or values are represented by enclosing them in . If a file name is involved, the courier font will also be used.Example: The naming convention for the log files is .txt, where is the name of the NE sending the messages. Press + to open the task manager.

> Used for menu sequences.Example: Click File > Print... to print the document.

Table 2 List of conventions used in this document

!Caution: means that the reader must be careful. Loss of data or equipment damage are possible if caution is not exercised by the user.

!Warning: a warning symbol means danger. A situation exists that could cause bodily injury or death. Before working on any equipment, the user must be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for pre-venting accidents.


15

Technical Description (TED) Preface

1.4 History of changes

Issue Issue date Remarks1 September 2007 Initial version.2 December 2007 Maintenance release.

Table 3 Document history


Technical Description (TED)Introduction to SURPASS hiT 7300

2 Introduction to SURPASS hiT 7300This chapter provides a general introduction to the SURPASS hiT 7300 functionalities and typical applications.

2.1 General functionalityNokia Siemens Networks SURPASS hiT 7300 is a high performance multi-haul Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) transmission system, with a powerful multi-purpose transponder platform. SURPASS hiT 7300 has the required capacity in metro-politan, regional and backbone networks to transport all kinds of services with high effi-ciency.The high capacity DWDM transmission system of SURPASS hiT 7300 allows up to 40 optical wavelengths to be transported over Ultra Long Haul (ULH) distances via the same fiber.The transponder equipment of SURPASS hiT 7300 serves as a multi-service gateway between the client signals and the DWDM transport network. This combination of DWDM and transponder equipment provides the building blocks required for optical net-working.Figure 1 provides a general overview of SURPASS hiT 7300 in a network environment.

Figure 1 SURPASS hiT 7300 in network environment

2.2 HighlightsSURPASS hiT 7300 provides: Maximum transmission capacity of 1.6 Tbit/s (40 x 40 Gbit/s) per fiber with 100 GHz

channel spacing.

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Technical Description (TED) Introduction to SURPASS hiT 7300

ULH networking with extended reach (up to 2000 km), achieved with: High performance optical amplifiers. Optional Raman amplification. Optional external laser pumps. Super Forward Error Correction (S-FEC). Powerful link control software to manage the channel power levels.

Ultra long spans and hut skipping. Modularity from 1 to 40 channels in the C-band, with 1-channel increments. Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) support for a low cost implemen-

tation of a passive optical multiplexing system. Full G.709 implementation to enable Optical Transport Hierarchy (OTH) functionality

including end-to-end provisioning and management of wavelengths across multiple vendor sub-networks.

Interwork with StrataLight OTS-4000 Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) equipment, allowing 40 Gbit/s wavelengths together with 10 Gbit/s wavelengths on the same fiber.

Interwork with MPB Communications RMH07 series OEM equipment for long single span applications.

1+1 optical channel protection against signal failures (of the optical channel) or equipment failures, for 2.5 Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s traffic.

High compactness. Sophisticated optical control, including:

Dynamic gain and output power control for adjusting gain and power fluctua-tions.

End-to-end pre-emphasis for fine tuning of power variations. European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and the American

National Standards Institute (ANSI) rack mounting. Common shelf type for all Network Elements (NE). Up to 111 NEs in a single Data Communication Network (DCN) domain. Flexible and FullAccess Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (OADM) as well as Remotely

reconfigurable OADM with capability for 100% traffic add/drop. Standard slot interface for all plug-in cards (except controller card). Optional booster-less interface for cost-optimized solutions in regional networks. Dispersion compensation with plug-in cards Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and Disper-

sion Compensation Fiber (DCF) based, as well as optional separate DCF modules. Fiber type flexibility, e.g.:

Standard Single Mode Fiber (SSMF) Large Effective Area Fiber (LEAF) Medium Dispersion Fiber (MDF) TrueWave-Cable (TW-C) Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF) Pure Silica Core Fiber (PSCF) (for long single spans only) Fibers with high polarization mode dispersion for 2.5 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s and 40

Gbit/s line rates Service flexibility to meet all customer traffic requirements:



Ethernet SDH/SONET Fiber Channel (FC)/FICON OTH

Dispersion tolerant transponders. Tunable laser transponders for wavelength changes without the need to swap plug-

in cards, thus enabling simplified installation and commissioning and easier handling of spare parts.

Network management by: Telecommunication Network Management System Core/Cross Domain

Manager (TNMS Core/CDM) Telecommunication Network Management System Craft Terminal (TNMS CT) Web-based Craft Terminal (@CT)

SURPASS TransNet planning tool for simplified and comprehensive network design on a geographical map, including cost optimization.

2.3 ApplicationsSURPASS hiT 7300 can be used in any kind of network topology, including: Transparent photonic point-to-point topologies Chains Rings Mesh networks Long single spansBasically, in a typical SURPASS hiT 7300 optical network, the following NE types are used: Optical Line Repeater (OLR) Optical Network Node (ONN) with the following subtypes:

Optical Network Node - Interconnect (ONN-I) Optical Network Node - Reconfigurable (ONN-R) Optical Network Node - Small (ONN-S) Optical Network Node - Terminal (ONN-T)

Stand-alone Optical Node (SON)Table 4 describes the possible OADM architectures and respective characteristics when using SURPASS hiT 7300 ONN NEs.

Possible OADMarchitectures

SmallOADM

Terminal1/2 OADM

FlexibleOADM

FullAccessOADM

Reconfig.OADM

ONN subtypes ONN-S ONN-T ONN-I ONN-R ONN-R100% add/drop capability X X X XArbitrary choice of routing status per wavelength X X X X

Low optical penalty X X X X XMulti-degree (n=1..6) nodes with in-service upgradeability (n=2) (n=1) X X X

Table 4 SURPASS hiT 7300 available OADM architectures using ONN NEs


19


The NE types and subtypes are described in detail in chapter 4.Figure 2 and Figure 3 display the network topologies which can be implemented, when using SURPASS hiT 7300 NEs.

End-to-end commissioning without visiting intermediate sites X X

Drop of arbitrary channels without deploying additional filters

X X

Lower operation/administration cost through reduced NE and cabling complexity

X X

Optimized for high channel count X X XOptimized for low channel count X X XPay as you grow concept X X

Possible OADMarchitectures

SmallOADM

Terminal1/2 OADM

FlexibleOADM

FullAccessOADM

Reconfig.OADM

ONN subtypes ONN-S ONN-T ONN-I ONN-R ONN-R

Table 4 SURPASS hiT 7300 available OADM architectures using ONN NEs (Cont.)



Figure 2 Network topologies using SURPASS hiT 7300 OLR and ONN NEs

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Figure 3 Network topologies using SURPASS hiT 7300 SON NE

The SURPASS hiT 7300 DWDM system has an integral optical add-drop multiplexer that can hold a mixed configuration of 2.5 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s systems, with 40 wavelengths at up to 40 Gbit/s each.SURPASS hiT 7300 can be used in the following application segments: ULH DWDM applications, for long path lengths of up to 1600 km. Long Haul (LH) DWDM applications, reaching up to 1200 km. Regional DWDM applications with path lengths starting at 200 km and for high traffic

volumes. These networks are often used as regional collector networks to feed into LH portions of the network. Regional DWDM networks have typical path lengths of up to 500 km.

Metro DWDM applications, for short path lengths of up to 200 km. Long single span applications using SON NEs and MPBC RMH07 equipment.

2.4 Wavelength bands/frequency spacingThe SURPASS hiT 7300 uses a maximum of 40 wavelengths within the C-band, with 100 GHz frequency spacing.Table 5 lists all the frequencies/wavelengths of the 40 channels used by the SURPASS hiT 7300

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ChannelsFrequency (THz) Wavelength (nm) Sub-band

196.00 1529.55

C01195.90 1530.33

195.80 1531.12

195.70 1531.90

195.60 1532.68

C02195.50 1533.47

195.40 1534.25

195.30 1535.04

195.20 1535.82

C03195.10 1536.61

195.00 1537.40

194.90 1538.19

194.80 1538.98

C04194.70 1539.77

194.60 1540.56

194.50 1541.35

194.40 1542.14

C05194.30 1542.94

194.20 1543.73

194.10 1544.53

194.00 1545.32

C06193.90 1546.12

193.80 1546.92

193.70 1547.72

193.60 1548.51

C07193.50 1549.32

193.40 1550.12

193.30 1550.92

193.20 1551.72

C08193.10 1552.52

193.00 1553.33

192.90 1554.13

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23


g There are several possibilities to build up systems with different channel numbers at the Begin-of-Life (BOL) or at the End-of-Life (EOL), therefore allowing cost-effi-cient system configurations during the complete life cycle of the system.

The channel upgrade is handled via Nokia Siemens Networks SURPASS TransNet network planning tool. SURPASS TransNet supplies all the information about the channel upgrade order (see chapter 7.1).

2.5 CWDM supportThe CWDM sub-system allows a very simple and low cost implementation of a passive (no amplification required) optical multiplexing system which can be used for data col-lection and aggregation of multiple client data from different remote locations within enterprise or small metropolitan networks.The CWDM sub-system can be applied as a feeder system for a SURPASS hiT 7300 NE or can simply be used as a standalone system for interconnection between first mile access equipment and second mile aggregation switches.The CWDM sub-system main features are: Support of 8 wavelengths from CWDM grid (according to ITU-T G.694.2) with

CWDM interfaces (according to ITU-T G.695). Independent from SURPASS hiT 7300 shelf. Mechanical integration either by cascadable CWDM add/drop patch-cord connec-

tors, or by cascadable CWDM filter modules plugged into 1 HU filter pack shelves (see chapter 5.8).

Compatible with ANSI, hiT 7300 ETSI and standard ETSI racks. Compliant with Telcordia GR-1209 and GR-1221 for central office conditions.Table 6 lists all the CWDM frequencies supported by the CWDM sub-system.

192.80 1554.94

C09192.70 1555.75

192.60 1556.55

192.50 1557.36

192.40 1558.17

C10192.30 1558.98

192.20 1559.79

192.10 1560.61

ChannelsFrequency (THz) Wavelength (nm) Sub-band

Table 5 Frequency/wavelength of SURPASS hiT 7300 (Cont.)

Wavelengths (nm) Channel number1471 1

1491 2

Table 6 CWDM supported wavelengths



For reach calculation and interconnection of CWDM applications, please contact your Nokia Siemens Networks sales representative.The CWDM sub-system can be used on various network applications. The following scenarios are supported: Cascading of carrier Ethernet switches (e.g., SURPASS hiD66xx) using CWDM col-

lector network. CWDM client traffic aggregation for SURPASS hiT 7300 NEs, also allowing redun-

dant CWDM client protection (see Figure 4). CWDM connection of remote SON to SURPASS hiT 7300 NEs (with a possible

interconnection protection) (see Figure 5).

Figure 4 CWDM client traffic aggregation

1511 3

1531 4

1551 5

1571 6

1591 7

1611 8

Wavelengths (nm) Channel number

Table 6 CWDM supported wavelengths (Cont.)

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Figure 5 CWDM connection of a remote SON terminal

2.6 StrataLight OTS-4000The StrataLight OTS-4000 is a 40 Gbit/s DWDM transponder/muxponder equipment, based on lightwave modulation technology which narrows the spectral width of 40 Gbit/s signals. This enables multi-haul transmission, allowing 40 Gbit/s wavelengths to be mixed with 10 Gbit/s wavelengths on the same fiber. The modulation technology enables extension of unregenerated transmission distances.StrataLight OTS-4000 can interwork with SURPASS hiT 7300 without the need of any additional systems.For detailed information about the StrataLight OTS-4000 equipment, please refer to the StrataLight OTS-4000 customer documentation.

2.7 MPBC RMH07 seriesThe RMH07 Long Reach Transport Series from MPB Communications consists of amplifiers designed to transmit and receive signals over fiber optic links from 100 to more than 400 km in one single span using SON NEs. The amplifiers are based on Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and Raman technol-ogy. The full equipment suite includes devices for managing the RMH07 series equip-ment both at the shelf and network levels.The RMH07 series equipment provides optical interworking with SURPASS hiT 7300 10 Gibt/s transponders, optical multiplexer cards and dispersion compensation cards.For detailed information about the RMH07 series, please refer to the MPBC RMH07 series customer documentation.

2.8 Compatibility with other systemsSURPASS hiT 7300 presents wide channel pass-bands for compatibility with 2.5 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s or 40 Gbit/s terminal equipment.SURPASS hiT 7300 is compatible with the following equipment: ADVA FSP3000 SN16000 SURPASS hiT 7060 SURPASS hiT 7070 SURPASS hiT 7080

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27

Technical Description (TED) System functions

3 System functionsThis chapter describes important system functions of the SURPASS hiT 7300 system.For instructions on how to configure and operate many of the features described in this chapter, please refer to the Operating Manual (OMN) of SURPASS hiT 7300.

3.1 Optical transmission functionsThe following sub-chapters provide information about optical transmission functions of the SURPASS hiT 7300 system such as safety mechanisms, correction techniques, and control and management systems.

3.1.1 Laser safetyOptical safety mechanisms are indispensable to protect all users from harmful light emissions of optical amplifiers and pump light sources.The laser safety mechanisms of the SURPASS hiT 7300 transmission system are designed for IEC60825-2:2004+A1:2006 hazard level 1M (21.3 dBm@1550 nm) at open connector. The SURPASS hiT 7300 NEs have to be operated in "Controlled Location" according to IEC60825-2:2004+A1:2006. Alternatively, at costumer request, SURPASS hiT 7300 equipment can be prepared for operation in "Restricted Location", as defined in IEC 60825-2:2004+A1:2006.For a more detailed information about laser safety procedures and handling, please refer to the Safety Instructions document.The main mechanisms to guarantee the hazard levels are Automatic Power Shut Down (APSD) and Automatic Power Reduction Mode (APRM).The APSD function scheme is triggered immediately, when the transmission fiber system is opened. The lasers are shut-down in the line amplifier and Raman pump emitting toward the open fiber end. Normal operation is recovered within seconds once the fiber system is closed.The APRM function is triggered when in an ONN demultiplexing path, a fiber carrying class 3B power is opened. The lasers in the last stages of the pre-amplifier are reduced in power so that class 1M power is emitted toward the open fiber end. Normal operation is recovered within seconds once the fiber system is closed.

Laser Safety BusIn SURPASS hiT 7300 the Laser Safety Bus (LSB) rings ensure a safe NE operation by providing: APSD of amplifiers feeding the transmission line fiber pair. APRM of a pre-amplifier feeding the demultiplexer filter tree.

For detailed information about SURPASS hiT 7300 cards, please refer to chapter 5.

!The LSB rings are achieved by interconnecting, according to SURPASS TransNet cable report, all the shelfs of the NE via APSD cables.The removal of one, or more APSD cables will trigger laser safety shutdown mecha-nisms and consequentially lead to traffic loss.


Technical Description (TED)System functions

3.1.2 Super Forward Error CorrectionThe S-FEC and the Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques optimize the level of signal performance by providing a better Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) tolerance at the transponders, i.e., FEC/S-FEC enables the system to withstand more signal noise.With increasing transmission rates, distance-limiting phenomena such as fiber non-lin-earity, chromatic dispersion, and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) have a more pro-nounced effect. Bit error correction has an important task since it increases the ability to have a higher reach. Distances that, without S-FEC would suffer an unacceptable receive-end OSNR can be successfully spanned with the use of S-FEC. S-FEC provides networks with additional OSNR margin.S-FEC is a coding algorithm that enables bit error detection and correction. It is applied on the line side only, whereas on the client side the standard FEC technique can be used. S-FEC is a "forward" scheme, i.e., the receiver receives only the information needed to detect and correct bit errors and never requests a re-transmission.Note that Optical channel Data Unit (ODU) and section Optical Transport Unit (OTU) layers in the BIP-8 path provide error monitoring based on the payload. S-FEC provides error correction in the client's payload and all the overheads (OPU-OH, ODU-OH, OTU-OH). The Optical channel Payload Unit (OPU), ODU and OTU are the sub-layers of the optical channel (client signal), as defined in ITU-T G.709.

3.1.3 Traffic protectionThe protection of all the traffic generated by SURPASS hiT 7300 is achieved with an Optical Channel Protection (OChP) switching on the I04T2G5-1 transponder card or an OChP card (O03CP-1) for the I01T10G-1 and I08T10G-1 cards (see chapter 5.13).The OChP switching on the I04T2G5-1 transponder card is realized at the electrical signal level by 1+1 ODUk trail protection according to ITU-T G.873.1. When using an O03CP-1 card the optical protection switching acts by switching ON or OFF the lasers of the two transponder cards (I01T10G-1 or I08T10G-1).Protection switching is achieved with a non-revertive switching behavior. Manual switch-ing, forced switching, and switching lockout features can be executed remotely by the user via software commands.In a line protection scenario when a protection request by the NE is detected, the pro-tection switching is completed within less than 50 ms. For an equipment protection scenario the protection switching is completed within less than 200 ms.

OChP for the I04T2G5-1 cardThe I04T2G5-1 architecture supports a 1+1 OChP at the line side for individual optical channels transporting optical or electrical Gigabit Ethernet (GbE), STM-16/OC-48, FC/FICON 1G, and FC/FICON 2G client signals.The OChP of the ODU1 provides both traffic and equipment protection during: Signal failures of the optical channel within the optical link. Equipment failures on the transponder cards (severe failure in line Small Form-

Factor Pluggable (SFP)), upstream filters and amplifier cards.The OChP, of the I04T2G5-1 transponder card is achieved by two protection schemes (described in Table 7).


29


In the client side, the STM-16/OC-48 or FC/FICON 2G signals protection is performed on one client interface (port 1). On the other hand, the GbE and FC/FICON 1G signals protection is performed on two client interfaces (ports 1 and 2).In the line side, for both schemes, line port 1 is used as the working port, whereas line port 2 is used as the protection port as described in Table 7.

Figure 6 displays the OChP architecture of the I04T2G5-1 transponder card.

Figure 6 I04T2G5-1 OChP architecture

OChP for the I01T10G-1 and I08T10G-1 cardsThe 10 Gbit/s protection is achieved with a pair of 10 Gbit/s transponder cards (I01T10G-1 or I08T10G-1) in adjacent slots together with an O03CP-1 card. g The protection transponder can be added later, but the slot has to be planned and

reserved by SURPASS TransNet. To avoid traffic interruption, the protection card O03CP-1 has to be used together with the working transponder card.

The O03CP-1 architecture provides a 1+1 OChP at the client side for: 10GbE and STM-64/OC-192 client signals on the I01T10G-1 transponder card. Optical GbE and STM-16/OC-48 client signals on the I08T10G-1 transponder card.

Protected clienttraffic port(s)

Working line port(trail)

Protection line port(trail)

1 (1 x STM-16/OC-48) 1 21 (1 x FC/FICON 2G) 1 21+2 (2 x GbE) 1 21+2 (2 x FC/FICON 1G) 1 2

Table 7 Combinations of working/protection line ports and client ports on the I04T2G5-1 card

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g Electrical GbE interfaces on 10 Gbit/s transponders cannot be protected.The 1+1 client protection provides both traffic and equipment protection during: Signal failures of the optical channel within the optical link. Equipment failures on the transponder cards (missing cards, power failures and

severe failures in laser modules on line interfaces), upstream filters and amplifier cards.

A received External Open Connection Indication (EOCI).Figure 7 displays the 10 Gbit/s OChP architecture using a O03CP-1 card.

Figure 7 10 Gbit/s OChP architecture

3.1.4 Control and managementOptical link control is intended to ensure optimized optical link operation in any link state. The goals are to maintain sufficient link performance and consequently an equally dis-tributed OSNR level at each channel's tail end (OSNR at optical receiver or regenerator locations).Within each individual NE, the controller card manages and controls all optical link relevant information. Controller cards within an optical link exchange management infor-mation as well as measurement data between each other.Link management information, measurement data, and pre-emphasis control via XML-RPC (for based control traffic between tail and head-end of pre-emphasis section) needed for controlling the optical link is exchanged between NEs via the Optical Super-visory Channel (OSC), described in chapter 3.2.1.

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Figure 8 Optical link communication between NEs example

Communication links between NEs are established to properly operate all optical link control mechanisms, for the whole link as well as for the NE (see Figure 8).For detailed information about SURPASS hiT 7300 NEs, please refer to chapter 4.Within each shelf, the controller card communicates with all "passive" cards (e.g., filter and attenuator cards), using the Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) bus. "Active" cards (e.g., line amplifier and Raman pump cards) communicate via NE internal Ethernet with the controller card.The communication between shelves is achieved via two Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) connectors on the controller card.Span loss supervision and correctionSpan loss supervision and correction is done during system operation by any line ampli-fier card.The span loss correction compensates span loss by increasing or decreasing the required gains of the line amplifier and keeps both the amplifier pre-tilt and the amplifier total output power in a constant state for slow span loss changes.A periodic supervision is performed against a predefined reference span loss. The ref-erence span loss is identical to the EOL span loss used during link calculation.g Span loss correction and supervision are disabled in case of APSD.For detailed information and a step-by-step guide on Optical Link commissioning of the SURPASS hiT 7300 system, please refer to the Optical Link Commissioning (OLC) manual.

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3.2 System managementThe following sub-chapters provide information regarding: OSC DCN Engineering Order Wire interface (EOW) User channels Telemetry Interface (TIF)

3.2.1 Optical Supervisory ChannelSURPASS hiT 7300 offers a 12.5 Mbit/s bit rate OSC with a bandwidth of 10 Mbit to provide communications between all SURPASS hiT 7300 NEs. The OSC supports all the network management communication required to set-up and maintain a DWDM system configuration, fault management, performance monitoring, and software maintenance.The OSC uses the 1510 nm wavelength in both transmission directions, as displayed in Figure 9.

Figure 9 Optical Supervisory Channel

3.2.2 Data Communication NetworkA network of interconnected NEs is designated a DCN domain. The communication is established via the OSC of the optical links and an Ethernet/L2 switching network imple-mented by the NEs (Message Control Function (MCF)). A single DCN domain supports up to of 111 NEs.A Telecommunication Management Network (TMN) system (@CT, TNMS Core/CDM or TNMS CT) communicates with a DCN domain via designated gateway NEs (using Q and QF Ethernet interfaces).The gateway NE separates the SURPASS hiT 7300 DCN from the customer network using Network Address Port Translation forwarding (NAPT). The gateway function also implements a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) proxy for file transfer and distribution

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between an external FTP server and the NEs. Multiple gateway NEs can be used to provide redundant access to the SURPASS hiT 7300 DCN.The additional protocols and functions for network control, automation, and services provided by the DCN are: Address Resolution Protocol (APR). Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) 802.1q tagging. Fail-over detection between primary and secondary DHCP server implemented via

Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP). Link supervision via Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP). Uni-directional link detection. Verification of static route entries by sending a ping via Internet Control Message

Protocol (ICMP) to the next hop and analyzing the reply. Network management via Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Separate the DCN from the customer IP network via NAPT. Software download/distribution via FTP (e.g., software download and distribution). Pre-emphasis and file distribution control based on XML-RPC. User channels with point-to-point Ethernet channel per link. Time synchronization via Network Time Protocol (NTP). Domain Name Service (DNS). Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).To maintain a loop-free topology of a switched DCN domain, the SURPASS hiT 7300 supports the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).

3.2.3 Network Time ProtocolThe NTP is used for time synchronization of the DCN. When synchronized, all NEs use the same reference clock for time stamping of log entries, issued events, etc.The NEs in the DCN rely on the NEs configured as DHCP servers for time synchroniza-tion, i.e., they use the DHCP servers as NTP servers.The NEs configured as DHCP servers must use external NTP (up to three) servers in the customer network for time synchronization (see Figure 10).

Figure 10 NTP synchronization example

The NE chooses the actual NTP server among the available servers, since NTP protocol allows redundant time synchronization.

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If no NTP server is available (external or DHCP server), the NE goes into a free-running mode, depending only on its internal clock.Table 8 lists the rules for each NE role concerning the NTP server definition. Each NE must be set as described to obtain a correct time synchronization of all the NEs in the DCN.

3.2.4 Engineering Order Wire interfaceThe EOW interface can be used to establish conference and selective calls from one NE to other NE(s) using a handset.When plugged, a handset is automatically in the same conference call with all the other handsets connected to the same line. The communication line is set by all the shelves, belonging to different NEs, that are interconnected by OSCs.In case of a selective call the operator selects an NE by dialing a 3-digit number, which is configured via LCT.EOW calls are carried over OSC and transmitted together with the OSC payload via the optical fiber along the entire transmission line.In ring and meshed networks, the line may form a closed ring. A ring manager opens the loop, to prevent the EOW call from feedback distortion.Inter-shelf EOW connection in multi-degree ONNs is achieved with a 4-wire cable that interconnects the controller cards of different shelves belonging to the same NE. This allows EOW calls in interconnected rings and meshed networks (see Figure 11).

NE DHCP role NTP server

OLRServer EnabledClient Disabled

ONNServer EnabledClient Disabled

SON Server or Client Optional

Table 8 NTP server definition in each NE role


35


Figure 11 EOW conference call setup (interconnected ring network example)An expansion Y 4-wire cable is also available to provide an additional EOW interface on the controller card. The expansion cable can gather two EOW signals and is particularly suited for multi-degree ONNs which comprise three or more optical paths.

3.2.5 User channelsThe SURPASS hiT 7300 user channels are used for bidirectional connections between NEs via the OSC, providing the customer with a point-to-point Ethernet connection for specific data network or remote access to NEs not reachable via DCN.The user channels are accessible via two Ethernet ports, User 1 and User 2 at NEs ter-minating an OSC (see chapter 6.3.4). For each Optical Transport Section (OTS) two user channels are available. However, NEs located between the two ends of the optical path can carry up to four user channels (two for each transmission direction) but only two can be accessed in each NE. Each user channel carries a distinct VLAN tag to differentiate the user channels within the same OTS.Up to two user channels (belonging to different OTSs) can be terminated on each con-troller card. If both user channels belong to the same OTS only one user channel can be terminated. Transit user channels (i.e., transfer traffic routed to another OTS), are for-warded to the respective OTS by the NE shelf controller.In ONNs the user channels are terminated by default. However, they can be set to through connected via LCT (within the same controller card) or by interconnecting the User 1/User 2 connectors (of different controller cards) via a Ethernet cable. In OLRs, the user channels are through connected by default. Using LCT, the through connection can be opened and the user channels are accessible at OLRs also.Figure 12 displays an example with point-to-point connections between ONNs and OLRs, i.e., the point-to-point connection between two locations (e.g., Location 1 and Location 4, Location 2 and Location 3, etc.).

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g The user channel is realized as a point-to-point VLAN without STP. Therefore, the user channel must be used in a loop free configuration.

3.2.6 Telemetry InterfaceThe TIF sensors (inputs) and TIF actors (outputs) are intended to be used for traditional user-defined housekeeping purposes.The TIF sensors usually supervise particular events at the site (e.g., fire alarm, over-temperature alarm, door-open alarm, etc.) and carry alarms issued by external equip-ment (e.g., StrataLight OTS-4000 and MPBC RMH07 series). The TIF actors usually control particular devices at the site (e.g., lights, air conditioning, etc.).TIF sensors and actors are available on the first shelf (001) of the CCEP-1 controller card with 16 sensors and 15 actors. Actors, 1 to 8, are free to be used by the user. The remaining actors, 9 to 15, are used for equipment/communication alarm indication pur-poses, visible and audible as listed in Table 9:

Optionally, actors 9 to 14 can be set for free usage by the user via LCT (see chapter 8.1). Actor 15 cannot be used by the user since it is totally driven by hardware.The TIF sensors generate an environmental alarm on the NE, when the current state differs from the configurable normal state.

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TIF actors DescriptionTIF actor 9 Critical Alarms (audible)TIF actor 10 Major Alarms (audible)TIF actor 11 Minor Alarms (audible)TIF actor 12 Critical Alarms (visible)TIF actor 13 Major Alarms (visible)TIF actor 14 Minor Alarms (visible)TIF actor 15 Power Equipment Alarm

Table 9 Default TIF actors functions


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TIF circuits must be powered by circuits that meet Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) limits according to Standards UL 1950, VDE 0100-410, and DIN EN 60950.

3.3 Performance managementThe performance monitoring and signal quality analysis provide information for detect-ing and alerting a cause that could lead to degraded performance before a failure is declared.In SURPASS hiT 7300, performance management provides the following monitoring functions on transponder cards: Performance monitoring (processing and reporting) of error parameters. Inquiry of current, and history values of parameters. Supervision of parameter thresholds and generation of Quality of Service (QoS)

alarms.The system is capable of monitoring various performance parameters, e.g., CV, BBE, ES, SES, SEFS, UAS, Avg-BER and Max-BER, on many layers in order to calculate the transmission quality. Each transponder card accumulates its performance measure-ments every 00, 15, 30, and 45 minutes within each hour.For optical performance the OChm_TT layer also provides several performance param-eters. In each transmission channel the system is capable of monitoring minPower, maxPower, avgPower, number of powerScans, and LosCount parameters.At the end of each 15-minute and/or 24-hour reporting period (configurable via LCT), each card automatically reports its performance counts to the controller card.

3.4 Fault managementThe fault management reports all hardware and software malfunctions within an NE and monitors the integrity of all incoming and outgoing digital signals such as: Detecting anomalies. Deriving faults by eliminating spurious anomalies. Triggering automatic maintenance actions. Reducing alarms by correlation of defects and by adjustable persistence checks. Time stamp events using the system real-time clock. Issuing spontaneous alarm event notifications to the LCT. Preventing the report of unwanted alarm event notifications according to config-

urable alarm forwarding. Reporting alarms to the local alarm system. Indicating fault states of replaceable units. Storing alarm events and alarm states for later retrieval. Supporting fault location for diagnosis and guiding of maintenance.

3.4.1 AlarmsAll the alarms in SURPASS hiT 7300 are displayed in the TNMS/LCT software and in the controller card alarm indication LEDs (see chapter 6.3.4). For a quick identification of the type of alarm, the SURPASS hiT 7300 system provides several fault management filters.



Alarm filteringThe fault management filtering comprises: Anomalies and defects

Fault management starts with detection of anomalies and defects. An anomaly is the smallest discrepancy that can be observed between: The actual and the nominal characteristics of a signal (communication alarm

type). The actual and nominal behavior of an equipment within the NE (equipment

alarm type). The actual and nominal behavior of an external equipment monitored by sensors

via telemetry interfaces (equipment alarm type). Consequent actions

After a defect detection, one or more consequent actions may be triggered, e.g., insertion of Forward Defect Indication (FDI) downstream, or, Backward Defect Indi-cation (BDI) upstream.

Fault cause correlationAn anomaly can cause multiple defect detectors to be triggered. To determine which of the detected defects is considered to represent the primary cause, the activated defects are correlated to obtain a fault cause.

Alarm persistence timeA declared fault cause is checked for persistence generated failures. If the fault cause remains active long enough to consider that the ability to perform a required function no longer exists, a failure is declared.

Card LEDThis filter activates the card indications related to the failure state. One LED (Fault LED) in all "active" cards, i.e., those that contain an on-board processor, is respon-sible for this indication.

Shelf/NE alarmsThis filter activates the shelf or NE indications related to the equipment and commu-nication alarms. Six LEDs (three for equipment and three for communication) on the controller card are responsible for this indication.

TMN alarm forwardingEach failure alarm is forwarded to the TMN software, e.g., TNMS Core/CDM.

SEV alarm severity assignmentEach failure is assigned with a severity: Not Alarmed Warning Minor Major Critical

Alarm signals and LED indicationsVarious LED indications on the SURPASS hiT 7300 equipment allow physical localiza-tion and a quick overview of raised alarms without the need of using any further equip-ment or software.Alarms generated by "active" cards, i.e., cards that contain a local card controller, are created by the local controller card and displayed via the Fault LED on the front of the card (see chapter 6.3.3). These alarms indicate an internal hardware failure or a pro-cessing failure in the application software. In both cases this means that the card has a defect and must be changed as soon as possible.


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All shelf alarms are created by the controller card. These alarms are indicated by LEDs on the controller card panel.

LCT alarm displayThe detailed alarm information is displayed in the SURPASS hiT 7300 LCT software (see chapter 8.1).The LCT displays equipment and communication alarms on a configurable graphical view, offering: Current, and history of alarm lists with filter and sorting options. Alarm name, severity, and state information. Alarm acknowledge functions. Alarm log available in the log section.

3.4.2 Alarm Indication Signal behaviorThe Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) maintains transmission continuity and indicates to the receiving equipment that a transmission interruption or defect has occurred at upstream of that equipment (according to ITU-T G.709).The AIS is implemented by the transponders since they interact directly with the client equipment, therefore easing the fault detection.When the transponder card does not receive a valid input signal, it sends out a mainte-nance signal (AIS) at the corresponding output. Therefore: a bad or no signal at client input results in an AIS at line output; a bad or no signal at line input results in an AIS at client output.The AIS signaling implemented by the transponder cards can be configured for the SONET/SDH client interfaces (STM-16/OC-48 and STM-64/OC-192) as follows: G-AIS (Generic AIS): uses a special pseudo-random sequence, therefore can be

used in several types of client interfaces. MS-AIS (Multiplex Section AIS): is integrated in SDH framing, therefore can only be

used in SDH/SONET client interfaces.Table 10 and Table 11 describe how the I04T2G5-1 transponder card implements AIS.

Condition at Client InResulting signal at Line Out

Layer AlarmETY3 LOS 10B_ERR + EOCIETY3/ETC3 SYNCF 10B_ERRFC0 LOS 10BERR + EOCIFC0/FC2 SYNCF 10B_ERROChr LOS ODU-AISOChr/OTU1 AIS ODU-AISOChr/OTU1 LOF ODU-AISOChr/OTU1 LOM ODU-AIS

Table 10 AIS implementation with I04T2G5-1 card,Client In to Line Out direction



OS16 LOS (MS-AIS/G-AIS) + EOCIOS16/CBR2G5 G-AIS MS-AIS/G-AIS

(user configurable)

OS16/RS16 LOF MS-AIS/G-AIS(user configurable)

OTU1 TIM ODU-AIS(user configurable)

Condition at Client InResulting signal at Line Out

Layer Alarm

Table 10 AIS implementation with I04T2G5-1 card,Client In to Line Out direction (Cont.)

Condition at Line In Resulting signal at

Surpass Hit 7300

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