Surakshitha Patchakkarikku Oru Margarekha

7/25/2019 Surakshitha Patchakkarikku Oru Margarekha

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kpcnX ]dnIrjnvHcp amtcJ 1

kpcnX ]dnIrjnvHcp amtcJ

^mw C^taj _yqtdm

tIcf km


2/56

kpcnX ]dnIrjnvHcp amtcJ2

kpc n X ] dnIrjnvHcp amtcJ

No v FUnPbXn sI. \mb{]nkn C^taj Hm^ok^mw C^taj _yqtdm

GtIm]\w

{io. F. hnP b AUo. UbdIvS, IrjnhIpv

FUnFenk_vtPmPv]ntj Hm^ok

^mw C^taj _yqtdm

te Hu v, Unssk\nMvZo]Iv aumn


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cmkIrjnbneqsS hnfbnp D] Htsd BtcmKy

{]iv\pw ]cnnXn {]iv\pw ImcWambnocpIbmWv. a\pjys

BtcmKyn\pw tcmK{]Xntcm[inpw Hcp Znhkw 300 {Kmw ]dnsbnepw

`nncnWsamWvCUy saUn Iuknens \ntiw. Fm

tIcf P\XbpsS ]dn D]tbmKw hfsc hfsc IpdhmWv. (icmicn 50100{Kmw am{Xw). a\pjys BtcmKykwcWn\v t]mjI Iehdbmb

]dnbpsS D]tbmKw A\nhmcyambn Xoncnpp. Cp hn]Wnbn

\npw e`np ]dnIfn BtcmKyn\pw Bbpkn\pw lm\nIcamb

hnjhkvXp ASnbncnpp. kpcnXamb ]dn e`nWsan

kzambn Irjn sNtnbncnpp. CXphgn IoS\min\nI {]tbmKnm

t]mjIw \nd, ]pXpabp ]dnI hopapp\npw e`yamphm\pw

IqSmsX BtcmKyhpw am\kntImmkhpw ]Wem`hpw kzamphm\pwkm[npw.

BapJw


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5/56


\w. DSw t]Pv \w.

1. hophfnse ]dn Irjn ............................................... 62. apmhnse ssPhIrjn ........................................................ 73. hnhn[bn\w ]dnIfpsS IrjncoXnI .................. 94. ]dn hnfIfnse tcmK IoS_m[ .............................. 365. ssPhIoS\min\nI............................................................. 37

6. ]dnbnse IoS\nb{Wn\vD]tbmKnp sIWnI .................................................. 39

7. PohmWpsf D]tbmKnp IoS tcmK\nb{Ww .................................................................................. 40

9. ssPh IoS\nb{Wn\p]tbmKnpkqvamWp........................................................................ 41PohmWphf ....................................................................... 42

10. t_mtUm an{inXw (1%) ...................................................... 4311. ssPh hf{]tbmKw ................................................................. 4412. Itmv \nmWw .............................................................. 4713. kqvamWp hf .............................................................. 4914. Itmfn \npw hmp ]dnIsf

hnjapamm ..................................................................... 5015. KpW\nehmcn\v hnfshSpp apX

D]t`mKw hsc ........................................................................... 54

kpcnX ]dnIrjnvHcp eLpteJ


6/56


hophfnse ]dnIrjnHc]w eapsn ASpf sXmSnIfn \apv Bhiyamb

]dnI IrjnsNbvXpmmw. ASpftmns henw\nbnpXvIpSpw_nse AwKfpsS Fhpw ens e`yXbpwA\pkcnmbncnWw. Hcp IpSpw_n\v Bhiyamb ]dnI btYjSwe`nWsan HcmvAc sk v F IWn Irjnew Bhiyambnhcpw. \ \ohmbpw hfqdpap amWv ]dnIrjnv DNnXw.aWens Awiw IqSpXemsWn [mcmfw ssPhhfwtNpsImSptXmWv.

shhpw shfnhpw [mcmfw e`np eamWv]dnIrjnv GhpwA\ptbmPyw. hoSns sXp`mKvIqSpX shbn e`npXn\m AhnsS]dn Irjn sNmw. InWdns ASpmsWn \\bvm\p kuIcyhpwe`npw. tkmv , a v UnPpI Fnh Ie shwtXmnsemXncnm {]tXyIw {inWw. ZoLImew hnfhv XcpC\pw hnfIpw ASpftmn {]tXyIw ew IsWw.Idnthv, apcn, \mcIw, ]mb, hmg Chsbmw Xs tXmn\cnInembn\Smw.

XWen hfcm Ignbp Cn, a, tN\, tNv, Imn,a[pcngv Fnh aphnfIfpsS CSbn Irjn sNmw. ChbvnSbn

homhiyn\p apfIv, Immcn Fnhbpw \Smw. _mnbp evsNdnb tmpI Xncnv ]eXcw ]dnI hfmw. Htc tmn XsHtc IpSpw_ns ]dnI XpSbmbn Irjn sNcpXv. AXmbXvXmfn, apfIv, hgpX\ Fnh Irjn sNbvX ev ASp XhW Noc,]b, shcn h FnhbntesXnepw \Smw. tcmKIoS_m[ Ipdbm\pwans ]eXefn \npw hfw hensSpm\pw Cu hnf]cn{Iawklmbnpp.

ASpftmw BIjIamm ]dnsImp Xs Hcp thenbpw

Dmmw. a[pcNoc AYhm sNpam\nkv hfsc t]mjIKpWap HcpCednbmWv. CXns HcSn \ofnepXpw CScw aqsnbXpambIpI 30 sk.ao. AIen \m Ah hfv \ thenbmbnocpw.Aac, NXpcb, tImh, \nXyhgpX\, ]on Fo ]SpIbdphnfIfpw thenbn ]Smw.

hohfnse ]dnIrjnv ssPhhf am{Xw D]tbmKnm aXn.NmWIw, tImgnhfw, BnImjvTw, ]nmv, ssPhkvfdn, Itmv Fnhe`yXb\pkcnv D]tbmKnmw. DWnsmSn NmWIw sksmn\v 200

Intem{Kmw F IWn apambn tNnfWw. hophfnsHcXnnbn ioasm \m Bhiyn\v ]nehfw e`npw. ASpfamen\yfpw, ]nehffpw, NmWIhpw tNv Itmv DmpIbpwBhmw.


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ans Pemwiw \jvSsSmXncnm sNSnInSbn DWnb ]ptm,sshtmtem, CeItfm, C v ]pXbnSpXpw \XmWv. Bhiym\pkcWw hfwtNv, \\ \In, ssPhIoS\min\nIfpw tNm Hcp

IpSpw_n\mhiyamb apgph ]dnIfpw ASpfsmSnbn \npwe`npw.

Hcp amXrIm ASpftmw Nn{Xw 1 (2.5 sk v)

apmhnse ssPhIrjnIrjn ew e`yam \Kc {]tZifnse IpSpw_v ]dn

e`yamm Gsd A\ptbmPyamWv apmhnse Irjn. Ipd sNehn

Ghpw \ ]dnI Bhiym\pkcWw e`npp FXmWv CXnssaw. honse ssPhamen\y hfambpw IpSpw_mwKfpsS HgnhpkabwIrjnWnIpw D]tbmKnm Ignbpw F khntijXbpapv.cmkhf HgnhmpXn\m apmhnse IrjnbneqsS e`npkpcnXamb ]dnI IpSpw_mwKfpsS BtcmKyw sasSppp.

apmhnse Irjn NmnsNSnntbm apmhnse Irjnv A\ptbmPyw mnIv NmmWv.

Imenbmb kna v Nmv, hfmv, Acn]ehy\ Nmv FnhD]tbmKnmw. Nmns aqeI Dntev Ibnshv ap an{inXw \ndpthWw ]dnIfpsS hntm ssXtbm \tSXv. `mcpdhv, hnepdhv,apan{inXn Cuw ]nSnp\nm\p Ignhv FnhbmWv mnIvNmpIfpsS saw. cp `mKw av, Hcp `mKw aW, Hcp `mKw

tmv 1]b

tmv 2Iq

tmv 3]mh

tmv 4Xmfn

tmv 5apfIv

tmv 6hgpXn\

a[pc Noc

a[pc Noc

hn]b

5ao

ItmvIpgn

\nXy h gp Xn\ _mk Noc

Immcn Ccp w ]pfn Idn th ne ]mb apcn \mcIw tN\

I a

CnImn hmg

tImh ]on

Noc

Noc Noc

Noc


8/56


NmWIsmSntbm Itmtm Fnh tNsSppXmWv apan{inXw.ssIhcntbmsS tNpw ASnbn Npa hcp mKvapmhns apIfnembpwhcnbmbn NmpI shbvmw. aqv CjvSnII ASppt]mse Iqn AXn\papIfn Nmp hbvpXmWv \Xv. Nmn \npw shw CphoWm

t]mepw apmhn sNfn sImXncnm CXpaqew Ignbpw. agshnsHgpv apmhn XSksSmXncnm\pw Nmns ASnbn CjvSnIIhbvpXv klmbnpw.

XpSbmbn aqtm \mtem hnfIv Htc Nmv aXnbmIpw. Htcm hnfIgnbptmgpw anfn ssPhhfw tNnv ASp hnf \SpI. HmtcmXhWbpw Htc Nmn hnfamn \Sm\pw {inWw.

apmhnse ssPh Irjn

cmkhffpw cmkIoS\min\nIfpw apmhnse Irjnbn HgnhmpI.honse ssPhamen\yfn \np Itmv, NmWIsmSn, tImgnmjvTwFnh DssSbp ssPhhf am{Xw apmhnse Irjnv \IpI.cmkhf \Inbm Ah shsamgnptm Henndn apmhn\v_ebw DmIpw.

ssPhhfwAtkmfAcon \npw ss\{SP hensSpp \nXylcnX]mbens\

Dsmp Atkmf F kkyw ]dnIrjnv \smcp ssPhhfamWv.apmhn Inbp t]mfno jopsImpmnb Bgw Ipd Smnseshn Atkmf karambn hfcpp. Smv \ndbptm Atkmf hmcnNmnse ]dnIv ssPhhfambn \Imw. Smn Ah hopw s]cpInhfpsImpw. CSbvnsS ]mWIw Ien Hgnp sImSppXvAtkmfbpsS hfbvv klmbIcamIpw.

apmhnse IrjnpNppw apsNSnI CmXn\mepw Xd\ncn\npw hfsc DbcnembXn\mepw IoSmWpfpsS ieyw Ipdhmbncnpw.Znhkhpw cmhnse Hmtcm sNSnbpsSbpw CeIfpsSbpw Ccphifpw ]cntim[nv

IoSfpsn Ahsb s]dpnsbSpv sImv IfbpI. ]bdnseapt]mse arZpicocap \ocqnpSnp {]mWnIsXnsc acpp XfnBhiysan am{Xw ]pIbnejmbw Dmn XfnpI.

ssPh IoS\min\n ]pIbnejmbw]pIbnejmbw XmdmpXn\v Ac Intem{Kmw ]pIbne sNdpXmbn

Acnv \mec en shn IpXnv Hcp Znhkw hbvpI. AXn\ptijw ]pIbnejW ]ngnv Nn amn kv AcnsSppI. sNdnb

NofpIfmbn NoInsbSp 120 {Kmw _mtkmv Acen shn ebnnpInp tkmpemb\n AcnsSppI. tkmpemb\n ]pIbnejmbhpambn\mbn tNnfpI. Cu emb\n Bdncn shw tNv sNSnIfnXfnmw.


9/56


apmhnse Irjnv tdj PetkN\wcmhnsebpw sshIptchpw \nnX Afhn NmpIfn

shsamgnWw. Nmnse apan{inXns Afhv, sNSnIfpsSbpwCeIfpsSbpw Fw, Imemh Fnhsb B{ibnv Hgnp shnsAfhv hyXymksSpWw. shns Afhv Ipdm sNSnI hmSn\inpw. shns Afhv IqSnbm Nmn \npw CphoWv apmhv\\bpw. AXn\m Hgnp shns Afhv tdj t]mse]cnanXsSppI. (apmhnse ]dnIrjn BZmbn\pw BtcmKyn\pwB\n\pw Daw.)

hnhn[bn\w ]dnIfpsS IrjncoXnI

ICeh ]dnINoc

tIcfnse Ghpw {]Nmctadnb CednhnfbmWvNoc. ssPhIrjnbnGhpw {]m[m\yalnp IrjnapdbmWvImemhbv pw an\pw tbmPntcmK{]Xntcm[ inbp C\ Irjn sNpI FXv.

A\ptbmPyamb Imew FmImepw Irjn sNmw

C\1. Acp AXypXv]mZ\tijnbp Nph Nocbn\w.EXp_kz`mhw C.

2. tamln\n ]\ndap CeI3. Irjn{io {_u Ie Nphv \ndap Cu C\n\p

Cepn tcmKw XmcXtay\ IpdhmWv.4. tcWp{io ] CeIfpw Nph Xpw Cu C\ns

{]tXyIXbmWv.5. kn.H. 1 ] \ndap C\amWv.

6. Imd \mS Nphp \ndap CeI. Cu C\w \hw_,Unkw_ amkfn ]qhnSpXn\m \Sokabw AXn\\pkcnv {IaoIcnWw.

hnns tXmXv : Hcp skn\v 8 {Kmw hnv thn hcpw.\So coXn : t\cnv hnXbpw ]dnp \Soepw.

\gvkdn (XhmcW)hnv ]mIpXn\v ap]v \gvkdn XS kqcyXm]oIcWn\p

hnt[bamnbm an \npw DmIp ]e tcmKfpw XSbmhpXmWv.

hnp ]cnNcWn\mbn 1 {Kmw kyqtUmtamWmkv s]mSn hnpambnIepI. \gvkdn tcmKsf XSbpXn\mbn Hcp NXpc{iaodn\pss{StmU kpjvS Imenhfw 10 In.{Kmw., ]n.Pn.]n.B. an{inXw2 100{KmwF tXmXn \IpI.


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Irjnew Hcpepw \Soepw

Irjn ew Infp \ncmnb tijw 3035 sk.ao hoXnbn Bgw

Ipd NmepI HcSn AIen (30 sk.ao) FSppI. skn\p 100 In.{Kmwss{StmU kpjvS NmWIw NmepIfn ASnhfambn apambn Cfn

tNpI. Cu NmepIfn 20 apX 30 Znhkw {]mbamb ssXI

kyqtUmtamWmkv emb\nbn (20 {Kmw kyptUmtamWmkv 1 en shn

IenbXv) thcpI 20 an\n v apnbXn\ptijw 20 sk.ao AIen \SpI.

agmevNmepIv ]Icw XS FSpv \SpXmWpaw. Hcp skn

657 sNSnI \SmhpXmWv. ta hfambn 810 Znhks CSthfbn Xmsg

]dbp GsXnepw ssPhhfw tNtXmWv.

NmWIm/_tbmKymkv dn (200 {Kmw) 4 en shhpambn tNXv/tKmaq{Xw/shan hmjv (200 en) 8 Ccn shhpambn tNXv, 4 Intem

shan Itmv/tImgnhfw, ISenmv (200 {Kmw) 4 en shn

IpXnXv Ch bn te sX nepw Hmtcm hnfshSpv Ignbptmgpw t\n

shanhmjv XfnpsImSptXmWv.

ap]cn]me\ apdIan Cumwiw Csn Bhiyn\v \\p sImSpWw.

]pXbnpsImSppXv \XmWv. th\mev cp Znhkw CShnsnepw\\bvWw. agmev av IqnsmSpWw.

kkykwcWwIoShnhn[bn\w ie`fpsS ]pgp Nocsb B{Ianpp.1. IqSpsI npgp CeI Iq n tbmPnnv AXn\pnencpv Xnp

\innpp.2. CeXo\npgp CeI Xnp \innpp.

\nb{Wam]pgptfmSpIqSn CeI ]dnsSpv \innpI. B{IaWw

IpXpSp Ahkcn Xs thn Ipcpkv 5% XfnWw.PohmWpIoS\min\nbmb ssU AYhm lmv (0.7 ann) Hcp enshn XfnpItbm s]cphens 4% Cem tkmpshhpambntNv XfnpItbm sNpI.

tcmK Cepn tcmKwNocbpsS CeIfn ASnhipw apIcnepw Hcp t]mse ]pnI

ImWsSpp. Nph NocbnemWv tcmKw IqSpXembn ImWsSpXv.


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\nb{W amkwtbmPnX \nb{W amK Ahew_nvtcmKw \nb{ntXmWv .

Cepn tcmKns\Xnsc {]Xntcm[inbp kn.H.1 Irjn sNpI. NphNoc X\nhnfbmbn Irjn sNmsX kn.H.1 Fbn\w ]ocbpambn CSIenIrjn sNpI. hnnSpXn\v ap]v kyqtUmtamWmkv I D]tbmKnvhnp ]cnNcWw \SpI. ss{StmsUthn ]nmv kpjvSNmWIw an tNp sImSppI. 1 Intem ] NmWIw 10 en shnIen Xmdmnb emb\nbpsS sXfn \nnX Imebfhn Xfnp sImSppI.Noc \\bvptm shw CebpsS apIfn IqSn HgnmsX Nphn HgnpI.1 {Kmw Amcw 4 {Kmw asmSn Fnh Hcp en ]mmbemb\nbn(4 {Kmw/en) tNv CebpsS cp hipw XfnWw.

II sh\Somew P\phcns^{_phcn, sabv Pq, sk]vw_HIvtSm_Fo kabfn sh Irjn sNmw.

C\1. kpnc samtkv tcmKns\Xnsc {]Xntcm[ tijnbpv.

agmes Irjnv A\ptbmPyw.2. kon Cfw ] \ndn \ofap ImbvI.

3. Inc 2030 sk.ao \ofap Cfw ] \ndnep ImbvI.agme Irjnv A\ptbmPyw.

4. AcpW, kn.H.1 \ Nphv \ndap ImbvI.5. A A\manI, hj D]lm, A A`b, ARvPnX Fnhsamtkv tcmKns\Xnsc {]Xntcm[ inbphbmWv.

hnns tXmXvHcp skn\v : 30 {Kmw hnv thn hcpw.

\So Imew : 60 x 60 sk.ao (Hcp sk.aodn 222 sNSnI)hnp ]cnNcWw : Hcp {Kmw kyqtUmtamWkv hnpambn Ien hnp ]cnNcWw \SWw. hnv hnXvIgnm an Bhiyn\v Cuw DmIWw.

\So coXnIrjn ew Infv IfI amn ]cphsSpnsbSpWw. hnv

hnXbvpXn\v15 Znhkw ap]v skn\v 2 Intem{Kmw Ipmbw an tNp

sImSppXv anse AXzw Ipdbvpw. 100 Intem{Kmw NmWItam Itmphftam 10 {Kmw ss{StmUabpambn tNv XWen 15 Znhkw kqnXn\ptijw ASnhfambn tNWw. ta hfambn cmgvNbn Hcn Xmsg]dbp GsXnepw Hcp hfw tNtXmWv.


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NmWIm Asn _tbmKymkv dn 200 {Kmw 4 en shhpambn

tNXv.tKmaq{Xw Asn shanhmjv 2 en 8 Ccn shhpambn tNXv.

4 Intem{Kmw anchfw Asn tImgnhfw.ISenmv 200 {Kmw 4 en shn IpXnXv.

ap ]cn]me\apdIan \\hv Csn Bhiyn\v \\p sImSpWw. ]pXbnp

sImSppXv IfI \nb{nm\pw anse Cumwiw \ne\nm\pwklmbnpw. th\mev cp Znhknsemcn \\bvtXmWv.agmev If ]dnepw apIqnsmSpepw \SpI.

kkykwcW amtcmK{]Xntcm[ inbp C\ Irjn sNpXp hgn

tcmKIoS\nb{Ww Hcp ]cn[nhsc FfpamWv. tXmw ipNnbmbnkwcntXmWv.

tcmK1. samtkv tcmKw

shIrjnbn km[mcW DmIp Cu tcmKns eWw CeRcppIfnse ]v \jvSsv a \ndamIpIbpw RcpI XSnpIbpwsNpXmWv. ImbvI sNdpXpw a Ie ]\ndtmSpIqSnbXpambncnpw. sho, Cep Fo IoSfmWvsshdkns tcmKhmlI.

\nb{W am tcmKap sNSnI Im DS ]ngpXv \innpI. ths, shfppn a{inXw cp iXam\w hocyn \nw_knUn/Ftm\nw/bq\nw Fo th[njvTnX IoS\min\nI cp annen FtXmXn Xfnp sImSpmhpXmWv. sshdkns hmlIcmb ap IfIsf\inntXmWv. tcmK {]Xntcm[ tijnbp C\ (A A\manI,A A`b) Irjn sNpIbmWv Daw. tcmKw _m[nm \BtcmKyap sNSnIfn \np am{Xw hnv tiJcnpI.

IoSXpXpc, Imbv Xpc, Ce Npcpnpgp, thcns\ B{Ianp

\nam hncI, \ocqnpSnp IoS FnhbmWv {][m\s IoS.

1. Xv Xpc/ImbvXpc ]pgpshfp ap NndIpIfn ] ASbmfap ie`ns ]pgp, Cfw


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XpIfnepw ImbvIfnepw Xpfp Ibdn D`mKw Xnv tISmpp. Xv hmSn{ItaW Icnbpp. ImbvIfn Zzmc ImWmw.

\nb{W amhnv \v cmgvN Ignbptm thn ]nmv Cp sImSppI.

IoSm{IaWcqX IpdbvpXn\v CXv klmbnpw. IoS_m[tb XpwImbvIfpw apdnpampI. B{IaWw IpXpSptm thnIpcp kv 5%XfnpI. hn]Wnbn e`yamIp th[njvTnX IoS\min\nIfpwD]tbmKnmhpXmWv.

2. \ocqpw IoS (]p, ap, sho)Ch CebpsS ASnhiv ]nnSnncpv \ocqnpSnpp. CeI

afnv DWpp. IqSmsX sho sshdkv tcmKw ]cpIbpw sNpp.

\nb{W am

samsskv tcmK {]Xntcm[ tijnbp C\ Irjn sNpI.

tXmn asWnI m]nv sho, ap Fnhsb IpSpn \innpI. thsshfppn an{inXw 2%, ths Faj 3% Chbn GsXnepw Hv XfnpI.

3. Ce NpcpnpgpCfw a NndIn Xhnp \ndnep hcIfp ie`ns ]pgp

Ce Npcpn \innpp.\nb{W amCe NpcpfpI ]dnp \innpI.thnIpcp kv 5% XfnpI.hn]Wnbn e`yamIp GsXnepw th[njvTnX IoS\min\n

D]tbmKnmhpXmWv._nthdnb _mnbm\ D]tbmKnmw (_tbmKmUv 5 ann en)

4. thcp_I \namhncsNSnbpsS thcpIsf B{IanpIbpw {ItaW sNSnI DWntmhpIbpw

sNpp.

\nb{W am

4 Intem thn ]nmtm, BhWn ]nmtm Hcp skn tNpsImSppIbpw, sNSnbpsS CSbvv sIWnhnfbmbn _nq \phfpIbpw sNpI. thne/IyqWnv ]ne (sNSnv 250 {Kmw F tXmXn) \SpXn\vHcmgvN apv XSfnenv Znhtk\ shsamgnpI. CXns ^ew


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th\mev hnX Ignv 75 Znhkw \op \npw. _mknekv amkndkv 3% D]tbmKnpI. hnp]cnNcWw \SpI.B{IaWw cqamb {]tZifn hnp]cnNcWn\p ]pdta CXns 3%emb\n hnXv 30 Znhkp tijw ansemgnp sImSptXmWv.

IIIshcn h hnfICXn ]mh, ]Shew, shcn, Incn, Xna, Npcbv, a,

Ipfw FnhbpsSpp. Irjnmew \So coXn Fnh NphsSsImSppp.

hnf C\w \So Imew hnns \SoImewtXmXv(skn\v)

]mh {]nb, {]oXn, ag m e hnf 24 {Kmw 2 ao x2 ao{]nb (sabvBKv) (skn\v 10

Pe tk NnXhnf IpgnI)(P\phcnamv)(sk]vw _Unkw _)

]S hew IuapZn, a\p{io Pe tk NnX hnf 16 {Kmw 2 ao x2 aot__n, n.F19 (P\phcnamv) (skn\v 10

& (sk]vw _ IpgnI)Unkw _)

shcn apSntmSv, (P\phcnamv) 3 {Kmw 2 ao x 1.5 aoAcpWna, & (sk]vw _ (skn\v 13ku`mKy Unkw _) IpgnI)

Ipfw sI.F.bp. agme hnf 4 {Kmw 4.5 ao x2 aotem, Cp (sabvBK v) (skn\v 13

Pe tk NnXhnf IpgnI)(P\phcnamv)(sk]vw _Unkw _)

kemUv shcn ioX, kz (P\phcnamv) 2 {Kmw 2 aox1.5 ao]q, ]pkmk, (sk]vw _ (skn\v 13

t\ymKv, Unkw _) IpgnI)F.F.bp.kn2


15/56


hnf C\w \So Imew hnns \SoImewtXmXv(skn\v)

a An fn, agme hnf 5 {Kmw 4.5 ao x2 aokph, kckv sabv BK v, (skn\v 13

Pe tk NnXhnf IpgnI)(P\phcnamv)& (sk]vw _Unkw _)

Xna Unkw _ 6 {Kmw 3 x 2 aojpK t__n G {]n (skn\v 6

IpgnI)

tImh kpe` sabv Pq, 3040 4 ao x3 aosk]vw _ sk.ao (skn\v 3 HIvtSm _ \ofap IpgnI)

XpI

Npcbv ]qkm, k, agme hnf 14 {Kmw 3 ao x3 aot]mfn nIv (sabvBK v) (skn\v 4 temwKv, ]qk Pe tk NnXhnf IpgnI)

k, (P\phcnamv)t{]mfn nIv duv (sk]vw _A _^m Unkw _)

]on lcn Xw, Zo]vXn (Unkw _ 6.12 {Kmw 2 ao x2 ao]pk, \kvZm amv) (skn\v 10

(sabvB Kv) IpgnI)

\So coXnbpw, hf{]tbmKhpwcSn hephpw HcSn Bghpap IpgnsbSppI. 50 Intem{Kmw NmWIw/

Itmtm ta apambn tNv IpgnIfnenSpI. \mep apX Av hnvhoXw Hcp Ipgnbn ]mIpI. apfv cmgvN tijw Hcp XSn \ aqpssXI hoXw \nnbm aXn.

ta hfambn NmWItam Itmtm 30 In.{Kmw hoXw Asn ancItmv 15 Intem cp {]mhiyambn hn hoiptmgpw ]qhnSptmgpwsImSppI. cmgvNbnsemcn NmWIw 1 Intem{Kmw Hcp en shn

Ien ]pjv]nptm sImSppI.tImhen\v \Sp kabpw hn hoiptmgpw 12.5 Intem F tXmXnImenhfw tNp sImSppI. ZoLImew tImh sNSn \ne\npefn amknsemcn ssPhhf {]tbmKw \SpI.


16/56


ap ]cnNcW amK]mh, ]Shew, Npcbv, ]on Fnh hn hoiptm ]enp

sImSppI. shcn, Xna, a, Ipfw Fnh Xdbn]ScpXn\p kwhn[m\samcppI, hfanSpXns\mw If ]dnepwCSbnfepw \SpI. agmevav Iqn sImSppI, ]ne hnfbhinjv Sw,hnLSnn NIncntm Itmv, sXmv, sshtm XpSnbh sImvhnfIv ]pXbnSpI.

hfbpsS BZyLfn 23 Znhkw CShn pw ]qhpw Imbpw D kabvHnS hnp \\bvpI. aW Ie ]inacmin an th\mefn 2Znhknsemcn \\bvpXnt\m 3 Znhknsemcn \\maXnbmIpw.

kky kwcWwIoS

Imbo: s] Cu ImbpsS sXmenSnbn apbnSpp. apbpsShncnndp ]pgp Imbvpnse amwkf mK Xnpp. ImbvIAgpIn hogpp.

\nb{WamK

t] sImtm t]mfno sImtm ImbvI s]mXnbpI, IoS_m[tbImbvI tiJcnv \innpI. \Sp kabpw Hcp amkn\p tijhpwHcp Ipgnv 100 {Kmw F tXmXn thn ]nmv Cv sImSppI. ]gbosIWnI, s^dtam sIWntbm (Iyqe sIWntbm) D]tbmKnv Imbosb\innmw. ap, ]p, aWvUcn Ch kky`mKfn Iqw IqSnbncpv\ocqn IpSnpp. sho samsskv tcmKhpw ]cpp.

\nb{WamKasWn Hcp skn\v F tXmXn sIpI. apI IqSpXembn

ImWp CeI ]dnv \innpI. 2% hocyap thsshfppnan{inXw XfnpI. Asn thsbpw (80 an.en) BhWsbpw (20an.en) 60 {Kmw _mtkmpw ebnnv 150 an.en. shn tNpI. CXntev150 {Kmw shfppn t]kvvtNpI. CXv 6 Bdncn shw tNv t\nvXfnpI. \ocqn IpSnp {]mWnIfpsS B{IaW ^eambn shcn]neIdnIfn DmIp afnv AXnPohnpXn\v 10 {Kmw aojywkt^v 1 en F tXmXn CeIfn XfnpI. CXv sNSnIv hnhoip kabpw hnI ]en ]Sp Ahkcnepw

sNmhpXmWv.

CeXo\npgp (]Shepgp/hcb ]pgp)]pgp CeI Xnpw, ImbvI Xnpw \innpp.


17/56


\nb{W amK]pgpsf tiJcnv \innmw. thnIpcp kv5% XfnpI. tKmaq{Xw

1 en Immcn (10 {Kmw) an{inXw Xmdmn 9 en shw tNv XfnpI._nthdnb _mknbm\ F an{inX Ipan D]tbmKnpI.

FnemIvk hvXhnp \ndn Idp ]pnIfp A hrmIrXnbnse hpIfpw

a \ndnep ]pgpfpw Cebnse lcnXIw Imp Xnv CeIDWncnbpp.

\nb{W amKssIhe D]tbmKnv hpIsf tiJcnv \innpI, CeIfn ImWp

apqw, ]pgp, kam[n Zni Fnh tiJcnv kpjncfp t]mfnoIhdn kqnpI. an{X{]mWnI hncnp hcptm Ahsb XpdvtXmn hnSpI. thnIpcp kv 5%, s]cphew kv 10%,thsshfppn an{inXw 2% Fnhbn GsXnepw Hv XfnpI.

shcn hK sNSnIfnse tcmK1. samsskv tcmKw

Cecn ]bpw abpw Ie \nd ImWsSpp. CeI

apcSnpp. ]pXpXmbn hcp CeI sNdpXmIpIbpw apcSnpIbpw sNpp.imJIfpsS Fw \t IpdbpIbpw, Imbv ]nSpw Xosc IpdbpIbpwsNpp.

\nb{W amK1. tcmKw _m[n sNSnIsf \innp IfbpI.2. tcmK hnapamb tXmn \np am{Xw hnv tiJcnpI.3. XSfnse hnns tXmXv IqpI. sNSn hn shbvp AhkcnBtcmKyap ctm aqtm sNSnI am{Xw \nn _mnbphsb

\innpI.4. tcmKhmlIcmb IoSsf \innm ths, BhWs,shfppn an{inXw Asn 2% hocyap th[njvTnX IoS\min\nFnh D]tbmKnpI.

Cepn tcmKwCebpsS ASn`mKv shw \\t]msebp ]mSpI DmhpIbpw

XpSv CebpsS apI mKv apnI {]XysSpIbpw sNpp.

]pnI hepXmbn Hnp tNv CeI IcnpWpp.

\nb{WamKtcmKeWap CeI \innpI.


18/56


kyqtUmtamWmkv emb\n (2%) CebpsS Ccp hifnepw hoghn[wXfnpI.

Imbo (Bactrocera cucurbitae)

CeXo\n ]pgp (Anadevidia peponis)

hcb ]pgp (Diaphania indica)


19/56


IVhgpX\ hK hnfItIcfnse {][m\ hgpX\ hK hnfIfmWv apfIv, hgpX\, XmfnFnh

hnf C\ \So kabw hnns CSbIewtXmXv(skn\v)

apfIv PzmemapJn, agsb B{ibnv 4 {Kmw 45 sk.ao xPzmem kJn, (sabvPq) 45 sk.aoDze, A\p{Kl(shmbWn PetkNnX Irjn skn\v 198AXpey) (sk]vw_ sNSn I

(shmbWn HIvtSm_)karn)

hgpX\ kqcy, tizX, sabvPq 2 {Kmw 75 sk.ao x\oena, lcnX sk]vw_ 60 sk.ao(_mIvSocnb HIvtSm_ (skn\v 89hmns\Xnsc sNSnI){]Xntcm[tijnbp C\fmWnXv)]qk ]n

Xmfn in, apn, (HIvtSm_ 2 {Kmw 60 sk.ao xA\L, \hw_) 60 sk.ao.shmbWn hnPbv 111 sNSnI

\gvkdn]dnp \Sp hnfIfmWv hgpX\ hK hnfI. hnpI XmhcWIfn

]mIn apfnv Hcp amkw {]mbamb ssXI ]dnp \Smw. \ Xpdkmb

[mcmfw kqcy{]Imiw e`np efn hfqdp ta apw \t]mse DWn s]mSn NmWIhpw tNmWv \gvkdn XmdmtXv.DWnsmSn NmWIn\p ]Icw ss{StmUa D]tbmKnv ]cnt]mjnnNmWIw D]tbmKnpXv\XmWv . hnv]mInbXn\p tijw hmc ]nesImv ]pXbnv Znhtk\ Imev \\bvpI. hnp apfp XpSnbm]pX amWw. \nnX CSthfbn 2% kyqtUmtamWmkv ^vfqdk v emb\nXfnp sImSptXmWv. ssXIfpsS ]pjvSn hnnpXn\p thnNmWImtem t\n tKmaq{Xtam (]ncn shw tNv t\nXv)

XfntXmWv. ssXI \SpXn\p thn ]dnsSppXn\mbnXmhcWI \\Xn\p tijw ssXI ]dnsSppI. \ ssXIvXmmenIambn XW \IWw.


20/56


\Soepw hf{]tbmKhpwIrjn ew \t]mse Infv \ncmpI. ssXI ]dnp \SpXn\v

cmgvN apt 2 Intem{Kmw Ipmbw tNp sImSppI. 100 Intem{Kmw

ss{StmUbpw ]n.Pn.]n.B1 an{inXhpambn tNv Cfn ASnhfambn\SpI. ]dnp \Sp kabv ssXIfpsS thcpI 20 an\n v kyqtUmtamWmkvemb\n (20 {Kmw 1 en shn) emb\nbn apn shXn\ptijw \SpI.Imen hfn\p ]Icw tImgnhftam s]mSn Bn ImjvTtamD]tbmKnmhpXmWv. ta hfw \IpXn\mbn Fv ]v ZnhkwCSthfbmbn Xmsg ]dbp GsXnepw ssPh hfw tNmhpXmWv.

NmWIm Asn _tbmKymkv dn 200 {Kmw 4 en shn

tNXv. tKmaq{Xw Asn shanhmjv (2 en) Fv Ccn shhpambn tNXv. 4 Intem{Kmw anc Itmv, tImgnhfw Asn Bn ImjvTw. ISenmv (200 {Kmw) 4 en shn IpXnXv.

ap ]cn]me\ amKth\mev ctm aqtm Znhknsemcn PetkN\w \SpI.

Bhiysan ssXIv Xmp sImSppI. ]dnp \v Hcp amkwIgnbptm IfsbSp, ssPh hfw \I, avIqn sImSp XpSnb]cn]me\ apdI A\phnmw. ]neI, hnfbhinjvSAgpInsmSn NIncntm, sXmv, sshtm XpSnbh D]tbmKnv]pXbnp sImSpm anse Cuw \ne\nm\pw IfI \nb{nm\pwIgnbpw.

kkykwcWwIoS1. hgpX\bnse Xv/Imbv Xpc ]pgp

shfp NndIn Xhnp \ndnse ]pntbmSp IqSnb ie`ns]pgp Xpw, Imbpw B{Ianpp. Cfw Xnepw, Imbnepw, ]pgp XpfpIbdn D`mKw Xnp \innpp. B{IaW hnt[bamb XpI hmSnIcnbpp. ]pgp _m[tbv ImbvIfn Zzmc ImWmw.

\nb{W amK1. ssX ]dnp \Sptm thn ]nmv an CSpI.

2. tISph `mK apdnp amn \innpI.3. IoSm{IaWw Ip XpSptm thnIpcp kv 5% XfnpI.FnemIvk hv

Xhnp \ndn Idp ]pnbp hpI, a \ndnep


21/56


]pgp apq, kam[n Zi Fnh CeIfn ImWpp. hpw, ]pgphpwCeIfnse lcnXIw Imp Xnpp. CeI DWn Icnbpp. B{IaWwcqamIptm sNSnbpsS hfsb _m[npp.

\nb{W amK1. ssIhe D]tbmKnv hpIsf tiJcnv \innpI.2. CeIfn ImWp apqw, ]pgp, kam[n Zi Fnhsb tiJcnvkpjncfp t]mfno Iqn kqnpI. an{X {]mWnI hncnp]pdp hcptm Ahsb Xpdp tXmn hnSpI.3. thnIpcp kv 5% s]cphew kv 10% XfnpI.\ocqw IoS

aoenap, td{]{X IoSw, ap Fnh CeIfpsS ASnbn ]nnSnncpp\ocqnpSnv \innpp. aoenap ap kky`mKsfbpw B{Ianpp.

Xv/Imbv Xpc ]pgp (Leucinodes orbonalis)

FnemIvk hv (Epilachna vigintioctopunctata)


22/56


\nb{W amK1. Bcw` Znibn Ch IqSpXembn ImWp CeI ]dnp \innpI.2. ths + shfppn 2% (Asn ths 3%) Faj XfnpI.

hgpX\bnse tcmK1. Ipne tcmKwtcmKeW

sNSnbpsS CeI IpnIfmbn amdpp. sampI Xnep CSbIewIpdbpIbpw sNSnIfpsS hf apcSnp t]mhpIbpw sNpp. Imbv]nSpw\nebvpp.

\nb{W amK1. tcmKw h sNSn ]ngpXv \innpI.2. tcmKhmlIcmb PmknUpIsf shfppn ths an{inXw (2%)Xfnv \nb{npI.

apfInse IoSF^nUpI, PmknUpI, {Xn]vkv, aWvUcn, sho Fnh apfIns\B{Ianp IoSfmWv.

F^nUpIsf \nb{npXn\mbn ]pIbne Ijmbw, thsshfppnFaj (2%) \m]qsSn Faj (10%) Fnhbn FsXnepw HvXfnpI.PmknUpIsf \nb{npXn\mbn Incnbmv kv (10%) XfnpI.aWvUcnsb \nb{npXn\p thn shs shfppn Faj(2%) XfnpI. ]p Znhknsemcn t\n Inshw CebpsSASnbn Xfnp sImSppXv \XmWv.

shoshnkoenbw em\n 35 {Kmw Hcp en shn Ien XfnpI.BhWs ]pcnb asWnI m]npI. shfppn Faj2% XfnpI.


23/56


apfInse tcmK1. ssX Nob

anse tcmKmWpsf \nb{npXn\v skn\v Hcp Intem F IWn thn]nmvtNpI. Db hmcfn th\mev hnpI]mIWw. XmhcWIfn Ipmbw hnXdWw. ss{StmsUa, kyqtUmtamWkv,]n.Pn.]n.B. anIkv IIFnh D]tbmKnWw.

2. Cepn tcmKwkyqtUmtamWkv v fpdskkv2 iXam\tam Asn t_mtUm an{inXw

1 iXam\tam XfnpI.

3. _mIvSocnb hmw{]Xntcm[ tijnbp C\fmb Dze, A\p{Kl XpSnb C\

\p ]nSnnpI. kyqtUmtamWkv ^vfqdskkv, ]n,Pn.]n.B. anIvkv II (20{Kmw 1 en shn) F tXmXn 15 Znhks CSthfIfn anXfnp sImSppI. \SpXn\p apmbn ssXIfpsS thcpI kyqtUmtamWkv(2%) apn hbvpI. Cu emb\n CeIfnepw Xfnp sImSppI.


24/56


4. samsskv tcmKwsshdkv tcmK ]cpXv Cet\pIfmWv. Ch CebpsS

ASnbnencpv \ocqn IpSnpXns eambn CeI Icnbpp. sNSnIfpsShf apcSnv{ItaW \inpp. th[njv TnX IoS\min\n Xfnp sImSppI.{]Xntcm[inbp C\fmb Dze, ]m_v km, mk kXm_kmFnh Irjn sNpI.

XmfnbpsS IoS_m[1. ImbvXpc

thn Ipcp kv 5 iXam\w XfnpI. thn ]nmv skn\v 1Intem F tXmXn \So kabpw 3045 Znhks CSthfbnepw \IpI.

2. shoshnkoenbw em\n 35 {Kmw Hcp en shn Ien XfnpI.

BhWs ]pcnb asWnI m]npI. shfppn Faj2% XfnpI.


25/56


3. ssXNobthn ]nmv Hcp skn\v Hcp Intem F tXmXn tNpI.

XmhcWIfn Ipmbw hnXdpI. ss{StmUa, kyqtUmtamWkv^vfqdskkv, ]n.Pn.]n.B. anIvkv IIFnh D]tbmKnpI.

Nn{X IoSw

4. _mIvSocnb hmwssXIfpsS thcpI 2 iXam\w hocyap kyqtUmtamWkv emb\nbn

apn shXn\p tijw \SpI. Cu emb\n sNSnIfnepw XfnpI.kyqtUmtamWkv, ]n.Pn.]n.B. anIvkv II(20 {Kmw Hcp en F tXmXn 15Znhks CSthfIfn \IpI).

V ]bdp hK ]dnI1. h]b]dnbmbn D]tbmKnp h]bdn\ cp Xcapv. Ipnbdpw,hnbdpw.

tIcfnse Imemhbn Fmbvtmgpw Irjn sNm ]nb hnfbmWvh]b, s\]mSfn Hmw hnfbvpw cmw hnfbvpw tijwdm_nmepw. th\mepw X\nhnfbmbn h]b Irjn sNmw. hophfpIfn Fmmepw Irjn sNm ]nb hnfbmWv h]b.th\mev PeZue`yw aqew s\Irjnbndm km[nmefn h]b Irjn sNmhpXmWv.

\So Imewh]b Fmmepw Irjn sNmw. agmehnfbvv Pq amkn

hnp ]mIWw. Pq BZyhmcamWv hnv ]mIpXn\v Ghpw A\ptbmPyw.cmw hnfbvv hnXbvtXv sk]vw_HIvtSm_ amkfnemWv.th\mev h]b P\phcn s^{_phcn amkn hnXbvWw.

C\F.Ipnb mKyevan, ]pk_kmn, ]pktIma_n.Ipdp ]Scp kz`mhaph ssIcfn, A\izc, hcp, A, Kcna.


26/56


kn. ]Scp C\ imcnI, amenI, teme, sshPbn, sI.Fw.hn1,shmbWntPymXnIIpn]bdn\v hnns tXmXv skn\v 80 apX 100 {Kmw hsc.hnbdn\v hnns tXmXv skn\v 16 apX 20 {Kmw hsc.

\SoImewh]b Fmmepw Irjn sNmw. agmehnfbvv Pq amkn

hnp ]mIWw. Pq BZyhmcamWv hnv ]mIpXn\v Ghpw A\ptbmPyw.cmw hnfbvv hnXbvtXv sk]vw_HIvtSm_ amkfnemWv.th\mev h]b P\phcns^{_phcn amkn hnXbvWw.C\F. Ipnb mKyevan, I\IaWn, ]qk_kmn, ]qktIma.

_.Ipdp ]Scp kz`mhaph ssIcfn, A\izc, hcp, A, Kcna.kn. ]Scp C\ imcnI, amenI, teme, sshPbn, sI.Fw.hn1,shmbWntPymXn,Ipnbdn\v hnns tXmXv skn\v 80 apX 100 {Kmw.hnbdn\v hnns tXmXv skn\v 16 apX 20 {Kmw.

\SoeIew\Xp t]mse DgpXvII DSv ]cphsSpWw. Ipnbdn\ 30 x15

sknao AIenepw sNdnb tXmXn ]Scph 45 x 30 sknaoAIenepw (Hcp Ipgnbn 3 sNSnI hoXw) IpI IpnSph1.5 sk.ao x45 sk.ao AIenepamWv \tSXv.

hnp ]cnNcWwh]b hnpI ssdtkm_nbw F PohmWp ]pcnb tijw

\tSXmWv. ssdtkm_nbw ]pcpXn\p thn hnv A]w shtamInshtam tNvssdtkm_nbw Idpambn \t]mse Fm mKpw

FpXp t]mse Iqn tbmPnnpI. hnns BhcWn\v tISp]msX{inpI. Cu hnpI hrnbp ISemkntem Nmntem CvXWepWn DSs\ hnXbvWw. cmkhfhpambn bmsXmcp ImcWhimepwssdtkm_nbw Ienb hnpI Iqntm ]mSn.

hf{]tbmKw (Hcp skn\v)AXzw IqSnb an\v Hcp Intem Ipmbw \SpXn\v 15 Znhkw apmbn

an tNp sImSpWw. Irjnew Hcpnb tijw 80 Intem NmWIwtNWw. \nnX AIen IpgnsbSp tijw ssdtkm_nbw FPohmWp ]pcnb hnv \SpI. t^mkv^dkv embI kqvamWp hf Hcp{Kmw Hcp sNSns tXmXn tNp sImSppXv t^mkv dkns e`yXIqpXn\vklmbnpw. IqSmsX Xmsg ]dbp GsXnepsamcp hf{]tbmKw


27/56


IqSn tNmhpXmWv.NmWIw, anc Itmv 8 Intem, 400 {Kmw tdmv t^mkvt^v Asn

tImgnhfw 6 Intem, 200 {Kmw tdmv t^mkvt^v Fnh \ImhpXmWv.ssPh hf 10 apX 15 Znhkw CSthfIfn tNp sImSpmhpXmWv.tdmvt^mkv t^vASnhfambns \tIXmWv . hfm DtPIfmbt\n ]Khyw, shanhmjv Fnh sNSnp \IpXv hfhnnpw.

ap ]cn]me\ apdItahfw CXn\p tijw anfn sImSppXn\v \ thtcmn\pw

AXphgn \ kabv hnIfpsS Xe \pnfbpXv hnfhvhnnpXn\pw klmbIamIpw. ]S hcp C\v hn hoim

XpSptm Xs ] sIn ]Scm\p kuIcyw DmIWw.shns e`yX DdphcppI. ]qhnSp kabp PetkN\w ]qfpwImbvIfpw DmIpXns Afhv hnnpXn\v klmbnpw.kkykwcWwIoS

1. ]bdnse ap: ]bdns \ocqnpSnp {][m\ IoSamWv ap.Idp \ndnep apI kky`mKfn ]nnSnncpv\ocqnpSnpp. Xaqew DWpIbpw CeI afnpIbpw sNSnIfpsS

hf apcSnpIbpw sNpp.

\nb{W amKth[njvTnX IoS\min\n 4 ann. Hcp en shn\v F tXmXn

sImSppI. _nthdnb _mknbm\ F an{X Ipan D]tbmKnpI. ]pIbne

Ijmbhpw ^e{]ZamWv. thnIpcpkv 5%hpw XfnmhpXmWv.

2. CesSnIfpw, hnsSnIfpwthnIpcp kv 5% Xfnv \nb{nmhpXmWv.


28/56


3. ]bNmgn]bmgn ]bdpaWnbn \npw \ocqnpSnpp. Xaqew ]b Npn

Npfnbpp.\nb{W amK

he D]tbmKnvhns hnhn[ ZiIsf tiJcnv \innmw. th[njv TnXIoS\min\nI Xfnp sImSppI. thnIpcp kv 5% XfnpsImSpmhpXmWv. _nthdnb _mknbm\ F an{XpanD]tbmKnmhpXmWv.

4. ImbvXpc]pgp, apIpfw, Imbv, ]qhv XpSnbh Xpcv `npp.

\nb{W amKtISmb ImbvI tiJcnv \innpI. \v 45 Znhkn\p tijw

thnIcp kv 5% XfnpII. Bhiysan 15 Znhkn\p tijwXfnmhpXmWv. shfppn, Imbw, Immcn apfIv an{inXw, 10%XfnmhpXmWv. (tKmaq{Xw 100 ann en shw 900 ann en 5 {KmwImbw 10 {Kmw Immcn apfIvkv ), thn]nmv 1 Intem {Kmw Hcp skn\v]qhnSp kabv anep]tbmKnmw.

5. Nn{XIoSw]pgp Ce Xpfv Dhiw Xnpp. Cepdv shfp NmepI

ImWmw. thstkmv Faj 2 iXam\tam thnIpcp kv 5iXam\tam XfnmhpXmWv.


29/56


6. ]b hvHcp Intem ]b hnn Hcp ann en \neSesbtbm,

shfnstbm ]pcn kqnpI. ]b hnv kqnp kabv 100Intem hnn\v 1 Intem{Kmw F tXmXn hbns DWnsmSn IngvtNpI.

]bdns tcmK1. anqSn ]Icp tcmKfpw \nam hncIfpw

an kqcyXm]oIcWw \SpXp sImv anse \namhncIsfbpw,IfhnpIsfbpw anse Ipan, _mIvSocnbIsfbpw \innpIbpw sNpp. Hcp iXam\w t_mtUm an{inXw 2% kyqtUmtamWtkm an Hgnp

sImSppXv hnfIsf Ipan tcmKn \np kwcnpw.

2. Icnhn tcmKwsNSnbpsS Xnepw Cebnepw ImbvIfnepw Idp ]mSpI ImWmw.

ImbvI apcSnpp. hnnSpXn\p apv XSw 1% t_mtUm an{inXw Hgnv\\bvpI. hnfshSpv Ignm hnI Inp \innpI. 2% kyqtUmtamWmkv sNSnIfn XfnpI.

3. hmtcmKwan\p sXmpapIfnep Xn \\ ]mSpI ImWsSpp. {ItaW

AXv Nobembn amdn sNSn hmSpp. tcmKw hfsc s]sp Xs ASppsNSnIfntev hym]npp. hnf ]cn{IacoXn kzoIcnpI. \SpXn\p apvIpgnIfn hnfbhinjvS InpI. tcmK_m[nXambn sNSnI thtcmsS]ngpXv Inv \innpI. hnnSpXn\p apv XSw Hcp iXam\w t_mtUman{inXw Asn cp iXam\w kyqtUmtamWkv Hgnv \\bvpI. CtXemb\n Xs cmgvN {]mb amIptm sNSnbpsS Nphn Hgnv \\bvp

Ibpw CeIfnepw XpIfnepw ]Xnhn[n XfnpIbpw sNpI.\So kabv 50 {Kmw thn]nmv Hcp Ipgnv tNp sImSppXv\XmWv. ]bdn\p ]enSm Hcn D]tbmKn Ib hopw D]tbmKnmXncnm {inpI.

Nn{X IoSw


30/56


NphSv hohpw, ISNobepw]bdp sNSnbpsS IS`mKw hnpIbpw

XvDWn \inpIbpw sNpp. CcwsNSn bpsS NphSp `mKw hopw ImW s Spp. {ItaW sNSn \inpIbpw sNpp.hnbpWhpw NphSp hohpw HbvtmIqmtbm sNSnIfn Iphcpp.

\nb{WamKXpSbmbn Htc ev Irjn sNmsX ap hnf Irjn sNp hnf]

cn{Ia coXn DsSppI. hnnSpXn\p apv Nh Iqn InpI. hnnSpXn\v apv XSw 1 % t_mtUm an{inXhpw cp iXam\w kyqtUmtam

Wkpw D]tbmKnv \\bvpI.

(Polyorycta dimidialis)

samsskvtcmKwCebnse ]\ndw an a \ndamIpp. CeI apcSnpp. Ce

RcpI InbmIpp. ]pXnb CeI sNdpXmIpp. ImbvI hfvapcSnpp.

\nb{W amKBtcmKyap sNSnIfn \np am{Xw hnp tiJcnpI. tcmKapsNSn I Im DS ]ngpXp \in n p I. tcmK hm l I cmb IoS fpsS\nb{Wn\mbn ths Faj (3%) XfnpI. Asn GsXnepwth[njvTnX IoS\min\n XfnpI.

dvCebpsS Ccphifnepw Xpcpp ]nSnXpt]msebp Nph sNdnb

]mSpIfpmIpp. tcmKmcw`n Xs tISp h CeI ]dnp \SpI.

kyqtUmtamWkv emb\n 2% XfnpI.

thcp Nob tcmKwkyqtUmtamWkv ^vfqd skkv 1 {Kmw D] tbmKnv hnp ]cnNcWw

Infnpgp (Diacrisia obliqua, Pericallia ricini)


31/56


\SpI. thn ]nmv 100 {Kmw Hcp Ipgnbn F tXmXn antNp sImSppI. 2% kyqtUmtamWkv (20 {Kmw Hcp en) an HgnpsImSppXv \XmWv.

Aacbhop hf n Irjn sNm A\p tbm Py amb hnf bmWv Aa c b.

Aacbdn ]Scphbpw Ipnbmbn hfcphbpw e`yamWv.

\SoImew]Scp C\ \Sm PqsseHmKv amkfmWv A\ptbmPyw. Ipnbn

\ hjn Fmbvtmgpw \Smw.

C\1. ]Scph lna, t{KUv2. IpnsSnbmbn hfcph Am sPbv, Am hnPbv

hnXbvp coXn]Scp C\ 1.25 x 1.75 ao CSbIen ]mIWw. Ipnbn\

0.6 x .5 ao CSbIen hmcfpw NmepIfpsaSpv Ipnbn\fpsShnpI hnXbvWw. ]Scp C\v XmpItfm InItfm \mn

sImSpWw.

hf{]tbmKwASnhfambn 80 apX 100 Intem hsc Imenhfw Hcp skn\v \IWw.

CXp IqSmsX Xmsgdbp GsXnepw ssPh hf IqpIfpw tNp sImSptXmWv. Imenhftam, Itmtm, ancItmtm Hcp skn\v 16 apX20 Intem hsc sImSpWw. CtXmsSmw 500 {Kmw Nmchpw Hcp Intem tdmvt^mkvt^pw \tIXmWv. tImgnhfw e`yamIpsan skn\v 15 Intem

tImgnhfhpw Hcp Intem Nmchpw Acntem tdmv t^mkvt^pw \tIXmWv. ssPh hf ]p apX ]Xn\p Znhkw CSthfIfmbn \ImhpXmWv. tdmv t^mkvt^v ASnhfambn \tIXmWv. hnp \SpXn\p PohnIfSnb PohmWp hfw Hcp sNSnvHcp {Kmw F tXmXn tNpsImSppXv t^mkv dkns e`yX IqpXn\v klmbnpw.

PetkN\wncamb Pe e`yX DdphcppI. ]qhnSp kabp PetkN\w

Imbv ew hnnpw.

kkykwcWwh ]b dn\v ip]mi sNbvXn p ^e {] Z amb amK CXn\pw

{]tbmP\{]ZamWv.


32/56


]dnIrjnvHcpklmbn(skvHn\v)

{Iahnf

Imew

Ghpw\

hnns

\gvkdn

AIew

Imemh

\w.

\Sokabw

Afhv

1.Noc

hjwapgph\pw

P\phcn

4{Kmw]dnp

\gvkdnbn

30x20

54

140Znhkw

(agmewHgnhmpI)

\Sptm.

apfnss

XI

sk.ao

10{Kmwt\cnp

20Znhkw

hnXbvptm

Ignv\Smw

2.sh

sabvPq

sabvPq

30{Kmw

60x45

100110Znhkw

HIvtSm_\hw_

sk.ao

3.]b

hjwapgph\pw

BKv

1620{Kmw

2x1

120130Znhkw

hnb

sk]vw_

sk.ao

PqPqsse

Ipnb

''

''

P\phcnamv

80100{Kmw

30x20

110120Znhkw

BKvsk]vw_

sk.ao

4.hgpX\

sabvPq

sabvPq

2{Kmw

\gvkdnbn

60x60

140150Znhkw

sk]vw_HIvtSm_

apfnss

XI

sk.ao

3040Znh

kw

Ignv]dnp\Smw.

5.Xmfn

sk]vw_

sk]vw_

2{Kmw

\gvkdnbn

60x60

120130Znhkw

HIvtSm_

HIvtSm_

apfnss

XI

sk.ao

2030Znhkw

Ignv]dnp\Smw.

6.apfIv

sabvPq

sabvPq

4{Kmw

\gvkdnbn

45x45

180Znhkw

BKvsk]vw_

apfn

sk.ao

Unkw_P\phcn

ssXI2030

Ignv]dnp\Smw.

7.]mh

P\phcnamv

sabvPq

10{Kmw

2x2ao

120130Znhkw

sabvPq

sk]vw_

sk]vw_Unkw_

Unkw_


33/56


8.]Shew

P\phcnamv

sabvPq

10{Kmw

2x2.ao

140150Znhkw

sabvPq

sk]vw_

sk]vw_Unkw_

Unkw_

9.Ipfw

P\phcnamv

PqBKv

4{Kmw

4.5x2ao

140150Znhkw

PqBKv

sk]vw_

sk]vw_Unkw_

Unkw_

10.shcn

P\phcnamv

PqBKv

5{Kmw

1.5x2ao

90

100Znhkw

PqBKv

s{_phcn

Unkw_

11.a

P\phcnamv

G{]nPq

6{Kmw

4.5x2ao

90

120Znhkw

G{]nPq

BKv

BKv

sk]vw_

sk]vw_

12.Imt_Pv

sk]vw_

sk]vw_

2{Kmw

\gvkdnbn

45x45

70Znhkw

HIvtSm_

HIvtSm_

apfnss

XI

sk.ao

Unkw_

25Znhk

P\phcn

Ignp]dnp\Smw.

13.tImfn

sk]vw_HIvtSm_

sk]vw_

2{Kmw

''

60x45

80Znhkw

vfh

Unkw_P\phcn

HIvtSm_

sk.ao

14.Imcv

sk]vw_HIvtSm_

sk]vw_

2530{Kmw

45x10

90Znhkw

Unkw_P\phcn

HIvtSm_

sk.ao

15.dmUnjv

sk]vw_HIvtSm_

sk]vw_

3540{Kmw

45x10

60Znhkw

Unkw_P\phcn

HIvtSm_

sk.ao

16._ovdqv

sk]vw_HIvtSm_

sk]vw_

3540{Kmw

45x20

90Znhkw

Unkw_P\phcn

HIvtSm_

sk.ao.

17.Aacb

PqsseBKv

PqsseBKkvv

8{Kmw

1.25x0.75ao120150Znhkw

18.NXpcb

PqsseBKv

PqsseBKv

8{Kmw

3x3ao

120150Znhkw

19.Xna

P\phcns{_phcn

\hw_

6{Kmw

3x2ao

90Znhkw

\hw_Unkw_

Unkw_


34/56


IoSfpwtcmKfpw

e

Ww

\nb{Wam

\ocqnpSnpIoSCeI

hmSpp.CuIoS

0.1hocyapthnIpcpkv,2510%

ap,h

pI,shosNSnIfpsSCe,Xv,]qhv,

hocyapths

Faj,]pIbneIj

mbw,

aoenap,]Xp,

ImbvXpSnbhbn\npw

1%hocyap_yqthdnb_mknbm\Fnh

bn

Cet

\ocqnIpSnpXn\m

GsXnepwHvk

vt{]sNpI.

BtcmKywIpdvhf

apcSnpp.

aWvUcn

CfwCeIfpsSD]cnXen

1.1hocypthn

Ipcpkv,2510%hocyap

\npw\ocqnIpSnpXn\m

thsFaj

,]pIbneIjmbw,

CeI

hnfdn\npw.

1%hocyap_yqthdnb_mknbm\Fnh

bn

GsXnepwHvk

vt{]sNpI.

Nn{XIoSw

CeI

fpsSlcnXIw

thsan{inXw(2510%)hocynXfn

pI.

Ign

pXn\mBmKv

kntXvt]msetXmp

shfp]mSpIImWpw.

CeNpcpn]pgp

]pgpfpw,emhIfpwCeI

]pgpsfbpwemh

IsfbpwFSpv\innpI.

ImbvXvXpc

XnpIbpw,Imbv,XvFnh5%hocyapthnIpcpkv,tKmaq{Xw

]pgp

Xpc

pXmbpwImWpp.

ImmcnapfIvemb

\n,1%hocyap_yqth

dnb

_mknbm\Chbn

GsXnepwXfnpI.

Imbo

ImboIImbvpn

tISphImbvI]dnsSpp\innpI

apbnSpp.]pgp,ImbvI

BWoIsf\in

nm\mbn]gsWn/

Xnp\innpp.

InshsIWn/aosIWn/XpfknsIW

n/

icsWnChbnGsXnepwHv

D]tbmKnpI.

]dnsk

vHn\vNn{Xw2Nmv


35/56


NobtcmKw

sNSnIfnthcn\psXmp

hnnSpXn\vap

]vss{StmsUassPh

hf

apIfnembnImWpmKw

an{inXwantNvsImSppI.2%hocyn

No

padnphogpp

kyqtUmtamWmkvemb\nNphnHgnpsI

mSppI.

NocbnseCepntcmKwCeI

fnshfp

asmSnan{inXwXfnpI.2%hocyn

s]mpIImWsSpp

kyqtUmtamWmkvemb\nXfnpsImSppI.

CepntcmKw

{_u\ndntem,a

]mSphoWCeIfpsSmK\innpI.

arZptcma]qtcmKw

\nd

ntem,]mSpI

2%hocynkyqtUmtamWmkvemb\n

CeI

fpsSbpwImbvIfp

XfnpsImSppI.

sSbpw]pdvImWpp.

Nq]q

vtcmKw

sh

\ndnep]q

]mSphoWCeI\innpI,2%hocyn

CeI

fpsS{]Xen

kyqtUmtamWmkvemb\nXfnpsImSppI.

ImW

pp.

hmw

sNSnIsamambpw

{]Xntcm[tijnbpC\D]tbmKnpI.

a\ndw_m[nv

hmw_m[nsNSnI\innpI,2%hocyn

DW

n\inpp.

kyqtUmtamWmkvemb\nNphnHgnpsI

mSppI.

NmWI]memb\

nXfnpsImSppI.

samsskIv

a\ndnep]mSpI

{]Xntcm[tijnbpCD]tbmKnpI

,apcSn

sNSnIfnImWpIbpw,hf

sNSnIXopw\innpI.tcmKw]c

p

apcSnpIbpwsNpp.

{]mWnIsf\innm1%hocyapthn

Ipcpkv,2510%h

ocyapthsFa

j

]pIbneIjmbw,1%hocyap_ythdnb

_mknbm\FnhbnGsXnepwHvk

vt{]

sNpI.


36/56


]dn hnfIfnse tcmKIoS_m[]dn Irjnbnse shphnfnIfn {][m\amWv tcmKIoS_m[. Imemh

mamw, IoSp {]Xntcm[tijn, hf{]tbmKcoXnI, sNSnbpsS Npp]mSpI Fnhsbmw IoStcmK_m[sb kzm[o\npp. ap ImetfmIoStcmK_m[ Gdnhcpp Fv an IjIcpw kmysSppp. IoS\nb { W n\v cmk Io S \m in \n I IqSntb Xocq F [mcW sXm Wv. {]IrXnp tZmjw hcpm, an{XIoSsf \innm ssPhIoStcmK\nb{WamK kzoIcnpXphgn cmkhnj IqSmsX Xs Chsb \nb{nmw.

kky fn ssPh tcm K \n b {Ww {]mhn I am p tm BZy ambn

an \np XsbmWv XpStXv. av ipamsWn hnfbpw ipambncnpw. ans\ AWphnapamm Ghpw {]tbmP\{]Zhpw em`IchpambHcp amKamWv av Xm]oIcWw.

\Sphm Dtinp ew \Xpt]mse Infnv II DSv s]mSncq]nempI. Fnv XSw t]mse Bn shw Xfnv av Cuw DXmpI. AXns\ 150200 tKPv Inbp t]mfnojov sImv aqSnbnSpI.t]mfno jov Xm]oIcW aqew 5665.. hsc Xm]\ne DbcpXpImcWw

an A[nhknp tcmKImcnIfmb AWpfpw IfhnpIfpw \inpp. GItZiw Hcp amktmfw Cu Ih Cs\Xs an \ne\nt Xp v. AXn \p tijw hnp Itfm ssXItfm \Sp tm Ah hfscBtcmKytmSpw IcptmSpw IqSn hfcpIbpw \ Imbv^ew \IpIbpwsNpp. t]mnwKv an{inXhpw kqcyXm]oIcWw \Snbtijw ssXIDXv]mZnnm D]tbmKnmhpXmWv.

tcmKIoS\nb{Ww

1. hnfI \Sptm Imemhbvv A\ptbmPyamb C\ am{XwD]tbmKnptm tcmKfpsSbpw IoSfpsSbpw B{IaWw Ipdbpp.2. Irjn sNpXn\p apv B ep ]mgv hkvXp Iqnbnv

Xo InpI.3. IrjnsNpXn\v 15 Znhkw apv Ipmbw an tNpIbmsWn

_mIvSocnb aqeapmIp hmw sNdpmhpXmWv.4. Bhnv Irjn sNptm Htc C\w D]tbmKncpXv.

DZm: ]mh Irjn sNbvX ev ASp Irjn ]mhtem, ]ShetamsNmsX ]bhK sNpI.

5. an{ihnf IrjncoXn Ahew_npXv \XmWv.6. {]mWnIfpsS ap, kam[nZi, ]pgp XpSnbh ImWpIbmsWn

AXns\ FSpv \innpI.


37/56


ssPhIoS \m in \n IkkyP\y IoS\min\nIIoS\nb{Wn\v D]tbmKnp kkyP\y IoS\min\nIsf Xmdmp

hn[w1. ]pIbnejmbw]pIbne 100 {Kmw sNdpXmn \pdpn Hcp en shn Hcp ZnhkwIpXnpI. AXn\ptijw IpXn ]pIbne ]ngnvNnampI. _mtkmv20 {Kmw NoIn 100 ann sh n ebnnv ]pIbne kpambn tNv\mbn CfpI. Cu an{inXw AcnsSpv 5 en shw tNv D]tbmKnpI.

2. th[njvSnX IoS\min\nIF) ths shfppn an{inXw 2%shfppn 20 {Kmw \mbn Acv 50 ann shhpw tNv ksSp

pI. _mtkmv 5 {Kmw 50 an.en. shn ebnnpI. shfppn

7. tcmKw _m[n sNSnI Dsn Ah ]dnsSpv \innpI.8. samsskv tcmKtam hmtcmKtam ImWpIbmsWn B sNSnIsf

thtcmsS ]ngpXv \innpI.9. ssPhIoS\min\nIfpw PohmWpfpw bYmkabw, IrXyamb Afhn

icnbmb tNcphI tNpmn Xfnpw tcmKIoS \nb{Wwkm[yammw.


38/56


kpw, 900 an.en. shhpw IqSn tkmv emb\nbn tNv shfppn +tkmvemb\n XmdmpI. Cu emb\nbn 20 an.en. ths tNv \mbnCfn XfnpI.

_n) ths Faj 3%_mtkmv 10 {Kmw NoIn 100 an.en. NqSpsh n ebnnpI. CXn

900 an.en. shw tNv Hcp en tkmv emb\n XmdmpI. ths 30an.en. tkmp emb\nbntev tNv \mbn Cfnbtijw XfnpI. (th[njvTnX IoS\min\nI sNSnIfn Xfnptm KmVX IqSnbm sNSnI Icnpt]mIphm\p km[yX Dv.

kn. thnIpcp kv 5%

thnIpcp 50 {Kmw \mbn s]mSnv IngnsIn Hcp en shn 24aWnq apnhbvpI. AXn\ptijw Ingn]ngnv emb\n Ien Xfnmw.

Un) hymhkmbnI th[njvTnX DXv]

hn]Wnbn At\Iw th[njvTnX DXv] e`yamWv. \oa, km. n.kv. 1% GtIm\oa kv, \nnknUn, \ow tKmUv Fnh 2 an.en. Hcp ensh n F tXmXn ] dn IoS \n b { W n \mbn D] tbm Kn m hpXmWv.

shbnse IoS


39/56


3. Incnbmv Faj 10%Incnbmv sNSnbpsS Cebpw Xpw \mbn NXv 100 an.en. \oscSp

pI. _mtkmv 5 {Kmw NoIn 900 an.en. shn ebnnpI. Incnbmvkpw, 20 {Kmw \mbn Ac shfppnbpw CXntev tNv \mbnCfpI. Cu an{inXw AcnsSpv IoS\nb{Wn\mbn D]tbmKnpI.

4. s]cphe kv 5%s]cphe sNSnbpsS ]qfpw CeIfpw tNv Ac an{inXw, 100 {Kmw Hcpen shn F Afhn Ien AcnsSpv XfnpI.

5. tKmaq{Xw Immcn an{inXwImmcn apfIv 10 {Kmw \mbn Acv Hcp en tKmaq{Xn tNpI.

an{inXw 9 en shn t\nv Xfnv IoS\nb{Ww DdphcppI.

]dnbnse IoS \nb{Wn\v

D]tbm Kn p sIWnIshcnhK ]dnIfnse {][m\ i{Xphmb ImboIsf IpSpp

Xn\v ]gw icsWn, s^dtam sIWn Fnh D]tbmKnmw. sho,ap Fo IoSsf asWn \mn \nb{nmw.

1) ]gw icsWn]gw 20 {Kmw Asn ]mb 10 {Kmw, ic 10 {Kmw ametbm Ac

ann Fnh 100 an.en shn Ien Zzmcap mnIv IpnIfnemn]en\p Xmsg XqnbnSpI. cmgvNbnsemcn sIWn ]pXptXmWv.

2) s^dtam sIWnIyqenb F s^dtam sIWnI Hcp slIvSdn\v 10 Fw F

tXmXn ]en Xqnbn v B ImboIsf tiJcnv \innmw. B

tlm, Iyqenb, ametbm Fnh 6:4:1 F A\p]mXn Ienban{in X n apnb 5 x 5 x 12 sk. ao. hen ap XSn j W Zzmc apIpnIfn XqnbnmWvs^dtam sIWn XmdmpXv. Cu sIWn BCuIsf am{Xw BIjnpnXn\m ]gw icsWn D]tbmKnvs]CuIsfqSn \innWw.

3) asWnHgn SnpIfpsS ]pdva s]bnSnv DWnbtijw BhWs

]pcpI. tXmn IpI \mn AXnta Xmdmnb SnpI IagvnhbvpI. Inbp ImUvt_mUn a s]bnSnv AXn BhWstXv IpIfn Xdv a sWn Dmmhp XmWv. sNSnbpsS \ncn\npw A]w Xmgvn thWw asWn shbvm. ]dnInSbn


40/56


\mnbm sNdp {]mWnI AXn ]nnSnpw. CSbvnsS t_mUv hrnbmn BhWs tXpI.

PohmWpsf D]tbmKnp IoStcmK\nb{Ww1. ss{StmsUa

anqSn ]S cp Ipan tcmK sf hfsc ^e {] Z ambn \nb {n p

hm Ignhp an{XIpanfmWvss{StmsUa. Cu I NmWIsmSn thn

]nmv an{inXn hfn Fn s]cpInnv ]dnIv {]tbm

Knmw.

ss{StmsUa hfp coXn\mbn DWnsmSnv NmWIsmSn thn ]nmv (9:1) F A\p]m

Xn Ien 2% 3% ss{StmsUa tNv Cfn kwtbmPnnv,

Cuw Xfnv XWev Iq\Iqn \\ NWw Nmv D]tbmKnv aqSnbnSpI.

HcmgvNbvv tijw Ch ]dnIv \ImhpXmWv. Ftmgpw NmWI

smSn \IpXn\p]Icw ss{StmsUa hfnb NmWIsmSn Bbm

Ipan tcmK e{]Zambn XSbm km[npw.

2. kyqtUmtamWmkv]dnhnfIsf _m[np {][m\ Ipan_mIvSocb tcmKsf e

{]Zambn \nb{nm kyqtUmtamWmkv F an{X _mIvSocnbv km[npw.

Ch hnn ]pcnbpw, ssXIfpsS thcp km{X IqSnb emb \nbn apn

\pw, sNSnIfn Xfnpw ]dnIfn {]tbmKnmhpXmWv.

D]tbmKcoXn1. hnn ]pcp coXn:

shw Asn Inshw D]tbmKnv sNdpXmbn Cuw hcpnbhnntev s]mSncq]nep kyqtUmtamWmkv tNv kwtbmPnnv XW

ev 1015 an\nv \ncnbtijw Atm Xs \SpI. 250500 {Kmw I

D]tbmKnv 510 In.{Kmw hnv C{]Imcw ]pcnsbSpmhpXmWv.

2. XhmcWbn:]dnp amn \Sp ssXIfpsS (apfIv, Incn, hgpX\, Xmfn) thcv

kyqtUmtamWmkns km{X IqSnb emb\nbn (5% 5 {Kmw Hcp en sh

n) 1015 an\nv apn h tijw \SpI.

3. sNSnIfn Xfnp coXn:]dnp \v 20 Znhkw Ignv 2% hocyn (20 {Kmw Hcp en sh


41/56


n) sNSnIfn XfnpIbpw Nphn HgnpIbpw sNWw. t\cnv \Sp

]dnIv aqne ]cphn 2% hocyn sNSnIfn XfnpIbpwNph n Hgn p Ibpw sNp I. XpS bmb tcmK km[y X bp e fn

{]tXyInv_mIv Socnbbn hmw ImWp efn cmgvNbnShn vemb\nNphn HgnpIbpw sNSnIfn XfnpIbpw sNWw.

3. ]n.Pn.B. anIvkv 1hnfIfpsS tcmK\nb{Wn\p kqvamWpfpsS IqmbvabmWv ]n.

Pn.]n.B anIvkv 1. apIfn ]d coXnbn kyqtUmtamtWmkv {]tbmKnp AtX hn[n hnn ]pcnbpw ssXIfpsS thcv 5% emb\nbnapnbpw, sNSnIfn Xfnpw Ch D]tbmKnmw.

ssPhIoS \nb{Wn\p]tbmKnp kqvamWphnhn[bn\w IoSfn tcmKw ]cp an{X IpanfpIsfbpw an{X _mIvSo

cnb Isfbpw D] tbmKnv ]dnIfn IoS\nb {Ww km[y amIpp. hn]Wnbn e`y amIp ChbpsS DXv] ip]mi sNbvXnp AfhnepwcoXnbnepw D]tbmKntXmWv. Xmsg ]dbphbmWvhmWnPymSnm\nD]tbmKnsSp kqvamWp IoS\min\nI.

\w. kqvamWp hn]\ \maw \nb{W hnt[bamIpIoS

1. _mIvSocnb

_mnekv Xpdn lmv, ssU 8 en. Xv/ImbvXpc, ap

Pyknv _tbm _n v, sU^n ie`pgp

2. Ipan

F. _nth dnb_mkn bm\ _tbm]h, ap, Nmgn, CeNpcpnpgp_tbmKmUv dnv, ap ie`pgp

tdk _n_n

_n. sam ssdkyw _tbm sav dnv Ddp v, NnX, an

Ass\ tkm ntb t]k Fw.F ImWp av IoS

kn. shn ko enbw _tbmtImv, aoenap, iIoSw,

em\n aoen In hn. F sho Fn hsb

\nb {n mw.


42/56


PohmWp hf1. ss\{SP PohmWphf

]bdn\vA\ptbmPyamb ss\{SP PohmWphfamWv ssdtkm_nbw hnn]pcnbmWvssdtkm_nbw ]bdn {]tbmKntXv . shw Asn Inshw D]tbmKnv Cuw hcpnb hnntev ssdtkm_nbw tNvCfn XWev 1520 an\nv DWnb tijw Atm Xs hnXbvpI. 500

{Kmw I D]tbmKnv 510 In.{Kmw hnv ]pcmw.]dnIv A\ptbmPyamb ss\{SP PohmWphffmWv Atkm

kvss]dnhpw Atkmsm_mIvSdpw. Ch hnn ]pcnbpw, ]dnpamn \SphnfIfpsS thcpI apn \pw {]tbmKnmhpXmWv. IqSmsX 1:25 FA\p]mXn Imenhfhpambn tNvan t\cn v {]tbmKnmhpXmWv.

2. t^mkv dkv PohmWphf1. ssatmssdk

Hcp `mhI PohmWphfw FXnep]cn Hcp tSmWnmbn {]hnpIpanfmWvssatmssdk. IqSmsX Ipan tcmKsf \nb{nm\pw Chbvpkm[npw. XmhcWbn Hcp NXpc{iaodn\v 200 {Kmw F tXmXn apfIv,Incn, hgpX\, Xmfn apXemb ]dn hnfIfpsS \gvkdnbn ssatm

a hpI


43/56


ssdk \In ssXI hfpI. t\cnv \Sp ]dnIv Hcp Ipgnbn23 {Kmw ssatmssdk \In ssXI Cv \SpI hnv apfvv thcp s]mptm Idn IqSn ISp t]mIpw Fv DdmpI.2. t^mkv dkv tkmep_nssek

CXv Hcp mhI PohmWphfamWv. AXmXv ]dnIv thp ssPhhfw 1% 2% F tXmXn Idpambn tNv ip]mi{]Imcap tdmvt^mkvt^nt\msSmw D]tbmKnpI.

3. ]n.Pn.]n.B. anIvkv IF.]n.sI. Fo aqeI HcpanvH{]tbmKneqsS e`yamm klm

bn p Pohm Wp fpsS Iqm bva bmWv ]n. Pn. ]n. B. anIvkv I. Cu I1%2% F tXmXn Imenhfw Itmpambn tNv]dnhnfIv \Im

hpXmWv.

{int Imcy1. cmkhf, cmk IpanIoS\min\nI Fnhbpambn tNv D]tbmKncpXv. cmgvN CSthfbn v {]tbmKnmw.2. Cu IdpI D]tbmKnptm an AXymhiyw Cuw DmbncnWw.3. [mcmfw ssPhhfw D]tbmKnWw.

4. Nmcw tNcm ssPhhftmsSmw D]tbmKnpI.5. AwKoIrX m]\ hnIknnsSp KpWtabp IdpIam{Xw D]tbmKnpI.6. Imemh[nv ap]v D]tbmKnm {inpI.

e`yXshm bWn ImjnI tImtf Pnse ssat{Im _ tbm fPn Unmvsa v,

ImjnI k I em im e bpsS ap Kth jW m] \ , Irjn

Unmvsans Iognep tv _tbm It{Sm em_v, apn, Xncph\]pcw ]mtdmptImWs PohmWp DXv]mZ\tI{w, GXm\pw kzImcy m]\ apXembh hgn Ch e`yamWv.

KpWta \ne\nn AwKoIrX m]\ hnIknnsSp IdpI am{Xw D]tbmKnphm {inpI.

t_mtUman{inXw (1%)ssPhIrjnv A\phZnnp Hcp Ipan\min\nbmWnXv.Bhiyap km[\

Xpcniv 10 {KmwNpmv 10 {Kmwshw 1 en


44/56


Xpcnipw Npmpw shtsd ]m{Xfn Acen hoXw shnebnnpI. AXn\ptijw Xpcnipemb\n Npmp emb\nbntev kmh[m\w HgnpIbpw AtXkabw Cfn sImSppIbpw sNpI. Cs\ DmnFSp t_mtUman{inXn Xpcnins Awiw IqSpXemsWn AXvsNSnIsf tZmjIcambn _m[npw. Xpcnins Awiw IqSpXemtWm Fv Hcp Ccpns IjWtam Intbm D]tbmKnv Ip]nSnmw.

AXmbXv Dmn hncnp an{inXn tXpan\pnb CcpnsIjvWtam Intbm Hcp an\np t\cw Xmgvn hbvpI. FSpp t\mptm tXpan\pnb `mKv Xhnp\ndnep sUtmknv ImWpIbmsWn Dmnb an{inXn Ccpns Awiw IqSpXemsWv a\knemmw. CXv icnbmpXn\pthn {]tXyIw Hcp ]m{Xn Npmpemb\nDmn Ipsdsibmbn an{inXn HgnpI. AtXmsSmw Xs tad

In sSv sNbvXpsImncnWw. Inbn Xhnp\ndw A{]XyamIpXphsc CXmhnWw. ]noSv Cu an{inXw sNSnIfn XfnpsImSpmhpXmWv.

km[mcWbmbn t_mtUm an{inXw XmdmnbmepS D]tbmKntXmWv. hfsc IqSpX Afhn t_mtUm an{inXw Dmn Ign DSAhnNmcnXambn agtbm atsXneptam ImcWhim CXvD]tbmKnm ]mXncpm 2% Icpn/ic tNvCXns KpWw \jvSsSmsX Hp cpZnhktv kqnmhpXmWv. (20 {Kmw/en) agmev sNSnIfn Cuan{inXw Xfnp Ahkcn AXns HnnSnm\p in hnnm\mbn Aqkv (ss] acns Id) Asn at sXnepw ]i ItNmhpXmWv.

]dnIfnse hmw, Icnn, Cepn, AgpI Fnh t_mtUman{inXw D] tbm Knv \nb {n m hp Xm Wv. Cu an{inXw an Hgn p sIm Spm\pw sNSnIfn Xfnm\pw D]tbmKnmhpXmWv.

ssPhhf {]tbmKw

sNSnbpsS hfbvvanI t]mjWw BhiyamWv . e]pjvSnbp sNSnIv Bhiyamb t]mjWw \In \ hnfhv e`yampXv. ssPhhffm kpjvSamb av sNSnbpsS hfbvv Bhiyamb aqeI \Inhnfhvhnnpp. hnfIv ASnhfambn skn\v 200 Intem{Kmw ssPhhfwan tNv \tIXmWv. ssPhhf AWpPohnIfpsS hfbvpw{]h\n\pw A\pIqekmlNcysamcpn ans hfqdpw DXv]mZ\tijnbpw \ne\npp. anse Cuw \jvSsSmsXbpw kqnpp.ssPhhf Bhiym\pkcWw e`yampsan, sNSnIv kqvaaqeI

fpsS Ipdhv A\p`hsSmdn.]nehf, Imenhf, ItmpI, Fps]mSn, hnhn[Xcw ]nmpI FnhbmWv {][m\ ssPhhf.


45/56


ssPhhf {]tbmKcoXn1. an Ahpw mchpw {IaoIcnpXn\mbn Ipmbw 1 skn\v 2In.{Kmw hoXw \tIXmWv.2. DWnsmSn NmWIw sksmn\v 200 In.{Kmw hoXw ASnhfambn\IpI.3. sksmn\v Hcp In.{Kmw Fps]mSn ASnhfambn \IpXv thcp]nSnw Iqm klmbnpw.4. Hcp Intem ]NmWIw 10 en shn ebnnsSpm e`np]NmWIw emb\nbpsS sXfn DunsbSpv CeIfn XfnpIbpw Nphnsemgnp sImSppIbpw sNmw.5. ssPhdn Xmdmn BgvNbnsemcn sNSnIfpsS XSn Hcp enhoXw HgnpsImSppI.

ssPhdn Xmdmphn[wHcp _n Hcp Intem ]NmWIw, Hcp Intem ISenmv, Hcp

Intem thn]nmv Fnh Hcpanp tNv 10 en shw Hgnv ]pfnnm hbvpI. 5 Znhkp tijw Cu an{inXw Ccnbmbn t\nv XSn 1 en hoXw Hgnv sImSppI.

hfm XzcI

ssPh coXnbn Irjn sNptm hf Ipdbpsa [mcW hym]IamWv. ]s bYmkabw Bhiyamb ssPhhf \IpIbpw, ]Khyw,^njv Aant\m BknUv, C.Fw t]mep hfm XzcI D]tbmKnpIbpw sNbvXm sNSnIfpsS hfbpw BtcmKyhpw Ddmmw.

]Khyw]iphns NmWIhpw aq{Xhpw ]mepw ssXcpw s\pw DNnXamb A\p]m

Xn Iqn Ienbm, {]kvXpX an{inXn\v ApXhml amb ^e

krjvSnm Ignbpsav]coW sXfnbnnpv . hnfIfpsS hfIqn hnfhv hnnp Hcp ssPhtlmtam Bbpw \ocqn IpSnpIoSsf \nb{nv IoStcmK{]Xntcm[ tijn ssIhcnpXn\pw AXypaamWv ]Khyw.

]NmWIw 4.8 IntemtKmaq{Xw 4 en]m 1/2 ens\v 500 {KmwssXcv 500 {Kmw]mfbwtImS ]gw 2 Fw


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FnhbmWv ]Khyns tNcphI. ]NmWIhpw s\pw \mbntbmPnnv Hcp Znhkw shWw. CXntev ]m, ssXcv, tKmaq{Xw, ]gwFn tNv \mbn Cfn tbmPnnpI. CXv XWen kqnp shpI. Znhtk\ CfpI. \ hmbpkmcw e`nm\pw kqvaPohnI hnm\pw CXv klmbnpp. 15 Znhkp tijw 10 Ccn shw tNvt\nv CeIfn \mene {]mbw apX BgvNbnsemcn Xfnmw.

^njv Aant\m BknUvHcp hfm XzcIamb ^njv Aant\m BknUv 2 ann, Hcp en sh

n tNv 10 Znhkw CShnv sshIptcw sNSnIfn XfnpI.

^njv Aant\m BknUv Xmdmp hn[w

]akyhpw icbpw IqSn ]pfnnv Xmdmp Hcp hfm XzcIamWnXv. sNdnb IjvWfmbn apdn 1 Intem ]anbpw Hcp Intem s]mSnicbpw Hcpanv tNv hmbp ISm ASp ]m{Xn 15 Znhkwshb vpI. 15 Znhk Ignbptm Cu an{inXw 2 ann FSpv Hcp enshn t\nv ]p Znhkn Hcn \mene{]mbw apX XfnmhpXmWv. sNSnIv \ hf e`npXmWv.

ImcyaXbp kqvaPohnI (C.Fw)

Hcp Iqw kqva Po hn I fpsS an{in X amWv ^e {] Zfmb Pohm Wp (C.Fw) F kmtXnI hnZybn D]tbmKnpXv. Chbn {]Imi kwtjW _mIvSo cnb, bov, BIvSnt\mssakpI, InWz\IpanfpI, emIvSnIvBknUv _mIvSocnb Fnhsbmw DsSpp.

ssPhIrjncoXnbn BZys Hp cp sImfn, anqSnbpw,sh nq Snbpw ssPh h f fn IqSnbpw C. Fw. \In bm s]spXs kqvaPohnIfpsS Fw hnv, sNSnI \mbn hfv \ hnfhvXcpp. Cs\ Hcn C.Fw. {]tbmKnv Ignm Xtinbamb Imcy

aXbp kqvaPo hnIfpw hnpp. As\ Hcp ]w kqvaPo hnI]nsSpIbpw ans BtcmKyw IqSpIbpw tcmK IpdbpIbpw sNpp. hnns ApcWw apX, hfbnepw, ]qpXnepw. ImbvpXnepw,BtcmKynepw, hnfhnepw Fmw [mcmfw ssPhmwiapXpw C.Fw. DXpamb an hfcp kky ap]nbn \npp.

BIvSnthUv C.Fw. (AEM)1 en tkmv emb\n C.Fw. 1 Intem ic, 20 en shw Fnh

Hcp _n Bn, \mbn Cfn, ASv {]Imihpw NqSpw XmsX 10Znhkw kqnphbvpI. emb\nbpsS ]n.v. (PH) (Amc aqeyw) CukabwsImv 3.4 Xmsg bmhpIbpw, \ Hcp kpKw emb \nv A\p`hsSpIbpw sNpw. CXmWv F.C.Fw. CXn \nv 2 ann FSpv 1 en


47/56


sh n t\nv sNSnIfpsS CeIfn XfnpItbm, an tNpItbm, Itmn tNpItbm sNmw.

Itmv \nmWwItmpmm Dtinp ew \mbn shw sIn \nm

hn[w hrnbmWw. Hcp _n 30 en shw, 500 ann BIvSnthUvC.Fw. (F.C.Fw), 300 ann icemb\n Fnh \mbn IqntbmPnnvAXn \npw 5 en FSpvhrnbmnhncnp {]Xen HgnpsImSppI. Cu {]Xen\p apIfn NmWIw 5 sk.ao Dbcn IqnbnSpI.CXn\p apIfn Cuw \ne\nm tad emb\n Ipdp XfnpsImSptXmWv. AXn\p apIfn NpNhdpIfpw, IfIfpw, Iqnbnv hopw

emb\n Xfn Ww. Cu {]{Inb GI tZiw 135 sk. ao. (1.35 ao) Dbcw hscBhnmw. Cu Iqmcw jovD]tbmKnv aqtSXmWv . 2025 Znhkptijw Cu Iqmcnse Cuw ]cntim[nv, IpdhmsWn shw tNvsImSptXmWv. km[mcWbmbn 4045 en shw Bhiyambn hcmdpv.Xm] \ne A\p Iq e am sW n 4045 Znh k n \p n Cu ssPhm h injvSw\ Itmmbn amdnbnpmIpw.

C.Fw. ItmnMv \Sptm {int Imcy

Itmv an DmIpXmWv Ghpw \Xv.kkymhinjvShpw, NmWIhpw 2:1 F A\p]mXnseSpphm {inWw.Itmvag shn Henpt]mImsXbpw, t\cn v kqcy{]Imiw GmsXbpw {inWw. XWen thWw Itmpmm.5 Intem ]nmpw 5 Intem Fp s]mSnbpw Itmn tNpXvhfsc \XmWv.

anc ItmnwKvkm[mcW Itmv coXnIfn Itmv XmdmIm 34 amksaSpp

tm anc Itm nwKv coXn hgn Itmv 3035 Znh k n \p nXmdmhpp.


48/56


GItZiw 45 sk.ao \ofw, 30 sk.ao hoXn, 45 sk.ao. s]mhpap hosntbm mnIv ]m{Xtam ASnhnkvXmcap Nntbm CXntembn D]tbmKnmw. s]nbpsS NphsS shw hmp t]mIpXn\v cp Zzmc CSWw.ho sn thKw NobmImXncnm ASnbn GItZiw 5 sk.ao. I\n mnIv jov hncnmhpXmWv. 5 sk.ao. I\n aW \ncnAXn\p apIfnembn 3 sk.ao I\n NIncn CSpI. XpSv aqnv I\n 200 {Kmw/500 Fw an c tbm Sp Iq Snb Itmv AYhm NmW IsmSn\ncpI. CXn\papIfn Hmtcm Znhktbpw ASpfbnse ]mgv hkvXp (mnIv HgnhmWw) FmbnSpw \ncmbn hncnvFnv I\w FnpI. ancsb Cv 2025 Znhkw BIptm am{Xw ASpf AhinjvSw\nt]np XpSpI. AXpIgnm s]np apIfn Hcp Nmv hncnvA\msX amn h tijw Znhkhpw shw Xfnp sImSppI.

ASp f bnse ]mgv hkvXp CSp tm CS bvnsS IS emkv Ij W, ]mXn AgpInb DW nb CeI apXembh CSpXv hncImhiyamb hmbp kmcw Iqm klmbnpw. s]npaosX Inhne CSpXvhmbp kmcw Iqm klmbnpw. s]npaosX Inhe CSpXv Fen,Im apX em b h bpsS B{I a W fn \npw an csb cn pw. mnIv]m{X fn shw Hgnv s]n shbvp Itbm As n s]n Ip IvapIfn hv In\p Nppw Dv/asmSn hnXdpXpw Ddpp ieyw Ipdbvm klmbnpw.

s]n shbnephm hncI Xms\ ASnbn t]mIpw. AXn\ptijwaosXbp Itmv amn s]n hopw Itmv \nnm D]tbmKnmw.cv Itmv s]nI Hcpanv Hcp hon D]tbmKnpXv hncI ammFfpamIpw. Fbpw Fcnhpw IqSpXep AhinjvS HgnhmWw. BgvNbn Hcn ssPhm h in jvS Hcp Iv D] tbm Knv CfnsmSp Ww.anc ItmnqSn shw kmh[m\n Hgnv ticnp sXfn{ZmhIamb shan hmjv Ancn shw tNv t\nv D]tbmKnpXvhfscb[nIw KpW{]ZamWv.


49/56


kqvamWp hfkqvamWphffpsS D]tbmKhpw ssPh]dn Irjnbn hfsc {]m[m

\yalnpp. {][m\ kkyaqeI an e`yamm Ch klmbnp

p. Aconse ss\{SPs\ hensSpv sNSnIp kzoIcnm Ignbp AtamWnb cq]nemn \Ip kqvamWpfmWv ssdtkm_nbw,Atkmkvss]dnw, Aktm_mIvSocnb Fnh. hnn ]pcntbm, t\cnpan tNtm Ch D]tbmKnmw.

ssdtkm_nbw]bdphK sNSnIfpsS thcpIfnep apgIfn Iphcp ssdtkm_nbw,

sNSnImhiy amb ss\{SP e`y ampp. ]b hnn ssdtkm_nbw

]pcn, ss\{SP IqSpX e`yammw. 10 Intem ]b hnvAcIntem ssdtkm_nbw Idpw, Inshhpw tNv Cfn XWen DWn hnXbvmhpXmWv.Aktm _mIvS

an kzX { ambn hknv sNSn Iv ss\{S P Atam Wn b bpsS cq]n \Im Ign hp asmcpPohmWphmWvAktm _mIv S. hnn]pcm\pw ]dnp \Sp sNSnIfpsS thcp

apn h bvp hm\pw an tNm\pwAktm _mIvS D]tbmKnmw.

Atkmkvss]dnwsNSnIfpsS thcns D]cnXenepw, Dnepw Npp]mSpap anepw

hknv ss\{SP \Im Ignbp asmcp kqvamWphmWv Atkmkvss]dn w.

t^mkv dkv _mIvSocnbNnebn\w _mIvSo cnb Ipw IpanfpIpw an ASnbncnp

t^mkvt^ns\ sNSnIp hensSpmhp cq]nemn \Im Ignbpw. tIcfnse an AX IqSnbncnp Xn\m sNSnIv Ch ]etmgpw t\cnv hensSpm Ignbmdn. Cu {]iv\w ]cnlcnpXn\mbnt^mkv dkv _mIvSocnb I, hnn ]pcntbm, ssXIfpsS thcv emb\nbn apntbm, t\cnp an tNtm \Imw.

s]mmjv _mIvSocnb

s]mmjv \Im Ignbp _mIvSocnb IdpIfpw Cp e`yamWv. hnfhn 20% hsc h\bpmm Ignbp Cu _mIvSocnb I hnn]pcntbm ssXI apnhbvpItbm t\cntm D]tbmKnmw.


50/56


Itmfn \np hmp

]dnIsf hnjapammItmfn \np hmp ]dnIfnse hnj amen\ysfnbp

dntmpI aebmfnIfpsS a\kn Fpw Hcp t]Sn kz]v\amWv. Fmhfsc efnXhpw ^e{]Zhpamb Nne amKfneqsS \smcfhv IoS\min\nbpsS Awiw Ipdbvm km[npXmbn ]T\fn Inpv.

Hmtcm ]dnbpw amn \np hmn D]tbmKnpXn\p apmbnssIImcyw sNptmgpw kqnptmgpw {inpXphgn ]dnIfneqsS\psS Dn se m km[y X bp IoS \m in \n Isf \ow sNm km[npw.

]bhK ]dnI1.]b hK ]dnIfn IoS\min\n Ahinjv Sw Ghpa[nIw IsnbXvhnbdnemWv.]m{Xw IgpIm D]tbmKnp kvt]mv kv{I_dns IjWtam, NIncntbm D]tbmKnv Smv shn aqtm \mtem ]b Hcpanv hv Dckn IgpInbXn\ptijw 15 an\n vhn\mKncn emb\nbn apn

hbvWw. knnIv hn\mKncn 40 ann cv enshn Ien ]bapn hbvm ]nb henap ]m{Xn hbvWw. CXn\p tijw ]shn IgpIn, shw hmvt]mbXn\ptijwCgbIeap XpWnknIfn s]mXnv{^nUv PntevamWw. hn\mKncnv ]Icw hmf]pfn kpwD]tbmKnmhpXmWv. 40 {Kmw hmf]pfn 2 enshn ]ngn tijw AcnsSp Xhn vemb\nbn ]b 15 an\nv apn shm aXn. CXn\ptijw ]sh n Igp

In, shw hmvt]mbXn\ptijw CgbIeap XpWnknIfn s]mXnv{^nUvPntev amWw.

2. CehK]dnINoc, Idnthne, anbne Fo CehK]dnIfn Nocbnepw, Idn

thnebnepamWv IoS\min\nIfpsS AhinjvShnjmwiw Ghpw IqSpXembnImWsSpXv.

NocItmfn \np hmp Noc NphSp`mKw thtcmsS apdnp amnb

tijw Xpw CeIfpw Smv shn ]eXhW IgpIn hrnbmWw.AXn\ptijw 15 an\n v ]pfnshn apnhbvWw. CXn\mbn IpcpIf


51/56


]pfn 60 {Kmw (sNdp\mc henw) aqp ensh n Ien Acn s Spv Noc apnhbvm ]nb henap ]m{Xn hbvWw. CXn\ptijw ]shn IgpIn, shwhmv Ifnv CeIfpw Xpw ths]SpnCuw CmsX CgbI XpWnknIfntem mnIvIsbv \dntem amnbtijw {^nUvPn kqnmhpXmWv.

IdnthneItmfn \nv hmp Idnthne Xn \nv Ducn FSpnv

Smv shn Hcp an\nv t\cw \mbn Dev IgpInbXn\ptijw 15 an\nv]pfnshn apn hbvWw. Cuw CmsX CgbIeap XpWnkn

Ifntem, ASp mnIvIsbn\dntem o ]m{Xntem shv {^nUv PnkqnmhpXmWv.

anbnessIImcyw sNptm hfsc apIcpXseSpt ]dnbmWv an

bne. kemUpIfnepw apw ]mNIw sNmsXbpw tasmSnmbpw D] tbmKnpXpsImv IqSpX {inWw. AXpsImv Xs NphSv apdnv Iftijw Smv shn ]e Bhn IgpIWw. hmbp ISm mnIv

Isbv\dntem, o ]m{Xntem aqtm \mtem Snjypt] ASnbnepwapIfnepambn \ncnsh tijw Cuw amn anpI ChbvnSbn\ncnhbvmw. Snjypt]dnsn CgbI tIm XpWn IjWtam \yqkvt]tdm D]tbmKnmepw aXn.

3. shcnhK ]dnI]mh, ]S h ew, IWn sh cn, kemUv

shcn, tImh, a, Cfh, Ipfw, ]on

Fnhbn IoS\min\nIfpsS AhinjvShnjmwiwIqSp X embn ImWp Xv ]mhbv, ]S h e ,shcn FnhbnemWv.

]mhbv]mhbvbpsS ]pds appInSbn IoS\min\nemb\n ]nnSnn

cnm IqSpX km[y Xbp XpsImmWv av ]dnIsfm hnjmwi{]iv\w ]mhbvbn IqSpX ImWpXv. Itmfn \np hmp]mhbv Hcp {_jv D] tbmKnv IgpIn hrnbmWw. km[mcW XpWnAephm D]tbmKnp arZphmb \mcpI D Hcp hmjnwKv {_jv CXn\pthn ASpfbn {]tXyIw IcpXn hbvWw. A[nIw AamsX DcknHcp an\nv Smv sh n IgpInb Xn\ptijw 15 an\nv hn\mKncn 40 ann


52/56


cv en sh n Ien ]mhbv apnshbvm ]nb henap Ipnbntem mnIvPmdntem shbv Ww. CXn\p tijw ] sh n IgpIn, shw hmvt]mIm ]nb kpjncfp mnIvIpbntem _mkv ntem shbvWw. Cs\ Hcp cm{Xn hXn\p tijw ASp Znhkw {^nUvPntev amWw.Cg b I tIm XpWn knbntem t] _mKntem Bn b tijw{^nUvPn shbvpXmWv \Xv.

]Shew, IWnshcn, kemUv shcnISIfn \npw hmp ]Shew, IWnshcn, kemUv shcn, a,

Ip fw, ]nn Fnh. Hcp {_jv D] tbm Knv

IgpIn hrnbmnbtijw shw hmp t]mIm]nb mnIv Ip bntem _ ntem Ips\shbvWw. Cuw amdnbXn\ptijw CgbItIm XpWn bntem tXmntem s]mXnv{^nUvPn kqn mw. Bh iy sa n hn\m Kncnemb\nbn (40 ann/2 en shw) 15 an\n v apn shtijw SmvshnIgpIn ipo I cn m hp Xm Wv. apdnv Ij W fmn hmp I bm sW nCuw ]qambn \onbtijw mnIv Isbv\dpIfnemn {^nUvPn

shnv sXmen sNn amn. D]tbmKnpXmWv \Xv.

4. hgpX\hK ]dnIhgpX\, Xmfn, Incn, ]apfIv, Im]vknw Fnhbn IoS\min\n

bpsS AhinjvShnjmwiw Ghpw A[nIambnImWpXv]apfIv , Im]vknw FnhbnemWv.

Itmfn \nv hmp hgpX\hK]dnI Hcp an\nv Smv shn ssI

sImv Dckn IgpIWw. AXn\ptijw 15 an\nvhn\mKncn emb\nbntem hmf]pfn emb\nbntemapn hbv Ww. CXn \mbn IS bn Inp

knnIv hn\m Kncn 40 ann As n hmf]pfn 40 {Kmw cp enshn IeWw. CXn\ptijw ]shn IgpIn, shw hmvIfbm mnIvIpbntem, kpjncfp ]m{Xntem Hcp cm{Xn hbvWw.ASp Znhkw sR v mKw ths]Spn, Cuw amdnbXn\p tijw {^nUv Pnkqnmw.

5. ioXIme]dnIImt_Pns ]pds CXfpIfn IqSpX IoS\min\n \nm km[y

X bp Xp sImv ]pds aqv CX fp I sf nepw ASn amn bnv Smvshn NIncn sImtm kv{I_ sImtm \mbn Dckn


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IgpInsbSpWw. Cuw amdn b Xn\p tijw XpWn kn I fn {^nUvPnkqnmhpXmWv.

tImfn^vfhdns Ce \onbtijw ]qhns Hmtcm XpIfmbn apdnvths]Spn FSpWw. Hcp ]c ]m{Xn 40 ann knnIv hn\mKncn 2en sh n Ien, emb \nbn ths] Spnb tImfn^vfh Ij W 15 an\nsnepw apn shWw. CXn\ptijw ]e Bhn ]shn IgpIn Ignv ]mNIn\v D]tbmKnmw. apdn tImfn vfh IjW Hcp Znhkne[nIw {^nUvPn kqnm ]mSn.

IoS\min\n hnjmwis t]SnmsX Ignmhp ]dnIfmWv Imcv,_ovdq v, dmUnjvFnh. IoS\min\n {]tbmKw s]mXpsh IpdhmbXpsImpwsXmen Npcnfn v am{Xw D]tbmKnpXpsImpw kpcnX ]dnBbnmWnhsb IcpXpXv. XtmSvtNncnp Aw InsImv apdnv

amn sXmen Npcnbtijw ]shn ]e Bhn IgpIn hrnbmnb tijw kpj c fp ]m{X n Hcp cm{Xn shn cn Ww. ASpZnhkw XpWn knbntem mnIv Isbv\dntem kqnmw.

6. IngphK hnfItN\, tNv, Imn, IqIv(iohngv ), a[pcngv, DcpfngvFnh

IoS\min\n{]tbmKw hfsc Ipdhp hnfIfmWv. an hnfbp hnfIfmbXpsImv IoS\min\n hnjmwitm kqntXv ChbneqsS W

ntev{]thinp ap kqvamWpsfbmWv. aen\amb kmlNcynIrjnsNpXv hgnbpw hnfshSp tijw ]e epw anepw apwshv ]e hml \ fneqsS bm{X sNbvXpambncnpw Ch ItmfnsepXv.

tN\, tNv, Imn, IqChbpsS ]pdv ]nbncnp ansbpw av amen\yfpsSbpw Awiw

]qWambpw ampXn\p thnbp hrnbmemWv BZyw sNtXv.]e Bhn A]w NIncn D]tbmKnv Aan Dckn IgpIn tN\bpsS

bpw, tNnsbpw, Imnensbpw D]cnXe amen\yw \oWw. tN\ apdnvIjWfn \nv Cuw ]qWambn amnbnpthWw {^nUvPntev amm.mnIv IhdpIfnen v {^nUvPn hbvpXv icnbmb coXnb. CgbIeapXpWn knIfn s]mXnv shbvpXv\Xv . ]mNIw sNpXn\p ap]vtNv, Imn, Iq FnhbpsS sXmen Npcn IfbpIbpw, tN\bpsSsXmen sNn If bp Ibpw sNp tXmsS hnj hn ap am {]{Inb]qWamIpp.


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hnfshSpvhnfshSpp kabs aqv, hnfshSpp kabw, coXn Fnhsbms

]dnIfpsS KpW\nehmcs _m[np LSIfmWv.

ImbvIfpsS aqvIrXy amb aqs p kabv hnfshSpm am{Xta DXv] v

icnbmb KpWtabpmIpIbpq. aqspXn\vapv ]dnsSpm DXv ]

tISpIqSmXncnpsanepw Ahbvv KpWtabpmbncnn. AtXkabw, aqv A[nIamb tijw ]dnsSpp ]dnI hfsc thKw tISphv t]mIpIbpw sNpw.

hn] \bpsS coXnbpw IqSn IW nseSppthWw hnfshSpt aqvIWmtXv. DZmlcWn\vZqscbp efntev sImp t]mIm,XmfnbpsS ]\ndw amdn a Bbn hcp kabv]dnsSpWw. FmASp amn hn]\bvmsWn Nph \ndamb ImbvI thWw]dnsSptXv. ]dnIfpsS LS\bv\pkcnv Ah hnfshSpt aqv

hyXymksncnpp. shbn ]q hfsbnbXpw Fm hfapn \mcp shbvmXpamb ImbvI HnShn Znhkfn ]dnsSpWw.Fm aqXn\v tijamWv IWnshcnbpsS hnfshSptXv.


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hnfshSpt kabwDXv]fpsS KpW\nehmcs _m[np asmcp LSIamWv hnfsh

Sptp kabw. es Nbn hnm\p DXv] AXXpZnhkw cmhnse shbntepXn\vapv hnfshSpWw. Imbv Iv wKnbpwXqIqSpXepw Inm CXv klmbnpw. Fm AIsebp hn]WnbntemsW n, sshIptcw shbn amdnb tijw hnfshSpv cm{XnImefn hnbn sImp t]mIpXmWv DNnXw.

hnfshSpt coXnhfsc {itbmsS, Hpw ]cptmsX thWw DXv] ]dnsSp

tXv. hnfshSpvkabv DXv ]fnepmIp apdnhpI ]noSvAWp_m[bvpw IoS_m[bvpw ImcWamIpp. ]dnI InsImv apdns

SppXp hgn hnfshSpv kabs X Ipdbvm\mIpw.

Surakshitha Patchakkarikku Oru Margarekha

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