SURAJ REPORT.docx

8/12/2019 SURAJ REPORT.docx

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Suraj Pawar # 1235

A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for

Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmers

BY

Mr. Suraj Pawar

Organization Traineeship Segment

PGDM-ABM 2012-14 BATCH

Submitted To

Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd

April-May 2013

CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT EDUCATION

VAIKUNTH MEHTA NATIOANL INSTITUTE OF CO-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT,

PUNE


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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Suraj Pawar, a bonafide student of Post Graduate Diploma

Programme in Agri-Business Management (2012-2014), VAMNICOM, Pune did his summer

Internship under my guidance. He has successfully completed his summer project titled

Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for hybrid jowar

among trade and farmers towards the partial fulfilment of his course.

Date:

Place:- Dr. Arun Gadewar

(Retired Professor, NIBM)(Faculty Guide)


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DECLARATION

This is to certify that I, Suraj Pawar, a student of Post Graduate Diploma Programme in

Agri-Business Management (2012-14), VAMNICOM, Pune, have given original data,

information and maintained full confidentiality to the best of my knowledge in the project

report titled Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for

Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmersand that, no part of this information has been

used for any other assignment but for the partial fulfilment of the requirements towards the

completion of the said project.

Date:-

Place: - Suraj Pawar

1235


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am highly overwhelmed while expressing my sense of gratitude towards all those whohelped and guided me during the course of this project.

I extend my heartiest thanks to Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd, for giving me such an opportunityfor strengthen my domain of knowledge.

I would like to extend my thanks to

Mr. Anil Karanjkar (Program Director),

Dr. D. Ravi (Joint Program Director),

Mr. V. Sudhir (Placement Director),

PGDM, VAMNICOM, Pune for providing necessary guidance, advice and kind supportthroughout the project.

I am also thankful to my faculty guide Dr. Arun Gadewar (Retired Professor, NIBM)for his guidance, valuable suggestions and cooperation throughout the project.

It gives me an immense pleasure in expressing my sincere and profound sense of gratitude tothe Management Team- PRABHAT AGRI BIOTECH LTD.

And my project guide Mr. Shankar Singh Bisht (National ManagerSales &

Marketing), for his inspiring and affectionate guidance, unending benevolence, andconstant encouragement during the course of summer project.

This study would not have achieved the final shape without their support.

It is pleasure to acknowledge my sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to the teamSatara Region for helping me during my Project.

I would also like to express my gratitude to all Farmers who had given me their valuabletime and cooperation to materialize my survey work.

Indeed words fail to express my profound sense of gratitude and heartfelt indebtedness to mybeloved Grandparents.

I am also thankful to all of them who are directly or indirectly involved in driving this project


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Title:Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for

Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmer

Organization: Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd

Reporting Officers:Mr. Himanshu Upreti (Manager Marketing Services)

Faculty Guide:Mr. Arun Gadewar (Retired Professor, NIBM)

Student Name:Mr. Suraj Pawar

Objectives of Research:

1. To understand the Segments trends in Jowar market.

2. To find out the key preferential factors that farmers are seeking in a quality Jowar Hybrid.

3. To understand the cropping pattern for developing best fit product & services for thisregion.

Scope:

PRABHAT AGRI BIOTECH LTDs seed business in India focuses on jowarthe worldsand Indias largest crop.

Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd is the leader in Jowar segment in Maharashtra.The study will help in determining actual, customer Preferences, cropping pattern, crop

economics, & competition among new products PABL may tap market.

By introducing new hybrids, offerings and developing new potential areas.Changing trends of customer demand & preferences needs new products according to best fitin crop economics & changing Pattern to keep leading in SATARA district market.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology-

The systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlledobservations may that lead to development of generalization, principles, theories,resulting in predication and possibly ultimate control of events.

Objectives of Research

The purpose of research is to discover answers to question through the

application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truthwhich is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.


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During the Third (3rd) Phaseactual study was carried out which involves data analysis ofprimary as well as secondary data to achieve the objectives of the study.

During the Fourth (4th) Phasesuggestions and recommendations were formulated and final

report was prepared.

Sample Size:

Farmers 200

Trade Partner 100

Company People 10

Area and Administrative Divisions Covered

The whole state of Maharashtra is divided into six revenue divisions ; Pune, Konkan,Nashik, Aurangabad, Amravati, and Nagpur.Satara district is part of the Pune division along with the districts of Pune, Sangli, Kolhapurand Solapur. Satara district covers an area of 10480 sq. km. with an east west expanse of 135 km and anorth south expanse of 112 km. The district is divided into eleven administrative sub units (tahsils) - Satara, Wai, Khandala,Koregaon,

Sub-division Tahsils incorporated in them

Satara Satara, Koregaon Javali

Karad Karad, Patan

Mahabaleshwar Wai, Khandala, Mahabaleshwar

Phaltan Phaltan, Khatav, Man

Sources of Data:

Primary Source: - Farmers, Dealers/ wholesalers, Company People.

Secondary Source: -

www.dacnet.nic.in

Bureau of Statistics and Applied Economics

Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. Of India

Block level Agriculture Department
http://www.dacnet.nic.in/http://www.dacnet.nic.in/http://www.dacnet.nic.in/


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Analysis Tool: - Excel 2007 & SPSS

Period of Study: -

The study was conducted for duration of 70 days from April 10th2013 to June 25th 2013, from10th April to 3rd May I did the Farmers survey.I was supposed to do survey and analyse the data. 5th June to 25th June I did the survey of theTrade partner and Company people.

Limitations of the project: -1. A few Farmers were reluctant to share information.2. Some of the marketing agency did not share the information3. Data for many factors were not available, so few factors have not been factred while

developing models.4. The data from government officials were difficult to obtain, as they did not maintain

up to date records.

Findings:1. The cultivation Sorghum varies from ariea to ariea.2. In the well irrigated region the Hybrid Sorghum is cultivated.3. The farmers of Satara district are mostly grow sorghum for the double purpose:

1) Grain production 2) Fodder production.4. In the dry or low water availability region mostly farmers are going to cultivate the

Local or Deshi variety.

5. In the Western Satara region land holdings of the farmers are very low.6. And in the Eastern Satara region land holdings of farmers are very high. but the

scarcity of water is more in the eastern region.7. All Sorghum cultivators in Satara district did not purchase Seed from the trade shop.8. The farmers which are cultivating Hybrid jowar purchased seed from the trade shop.9. The seasson of sorghum sowing are changes according to the ariea or division which

is depend on the rainfall.10. In the western Satara region farmers preferred mostly Kharif seasson for sowing. &

they Sow Sorghum for Grain production only.11. And in the Eastern Satara region Farmers are observed growing sorghum is in rabbi

seasson. & these farmers sow for the purpose of Grain and Fodder production have also.


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Recommendations:

1. Try to use Different hybrid variety having the good yield potential and the betterfodder quality.

2. Farmers those who are using Local or Deshi variety go in for seed treatment to theseed.

3. Try to get information from the Krishi Agency.

4. Trade partner also give required information to the farmers.

5. Cultivate the Sorghum by using Modern scientific cultivation practices.

6. Farmers can try to use high yield and good quality producing sorghum hybrids.

7. To increase the awareness there is a need to concentrate on field work at grass aoots

level i.e. should give demonstrations and provide free samples to farmers.

8. There is need to convenience farmers not to keep land empty for other crop as

Sorghum will get remunerative price value this year.

9. Organize a competition or Sorghum shows in most potential zones where farmers

come up with their best Sorghum

10. For mass communication farmers meeting in villages at evening time, includingaudio, visual presentation is most effective channel

s


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Index

Chapter Particulars Page No.

Chapter 1 Introduction 14

Chapter2 Industry profile 19

Chapter 3 Company Profile 25

Chapter 4 Information of Jowar 30

Chapter 5 Data Analysis & Interpretation 43

Chapter 6 Findings & Suggestion 76

Chapter 7 Bibliography 72

Chapter 8 Annexure 74


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L ist of Tables

Table No. Title Page. No.

1 Production of Sorghum Country wise in 2011 36

2 Graph of the Production of Sorghum Country wise In 2011 37

3 Area, production and productivity of jowar in important

states of India

38

4 Countrywise Ranking in Sorghum Production 40

5 Sorghum Yield kg per Hacter In India In Last Four Year 41

6 Sorghum Area Harvested In India In Last Four Year In

Hacter

41

7 Tehsilwise Sampal in Satara 42


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List of Graphs, Figures and Maps

Fig. No. Title Page No.

A For Farmers 44

1 Changes in yield after changing sowing per iod 44

1.1 Opinion

1.2 On Time

1.3 Early

1.4 Late

2 Purpose of Jowar Cultivation 46

2.1 For Grain Production2.2 For fodder production

3 Fodder Quality Which Seed Has Good 47

3.1 Local Variety

3.2 Hybrid variety

4 Buying Seed from Trade Shop 48

5 Seasson of Sowing 49

6 Land Holding 50

7 Cultivating Hybrid Jowar 51

8 Required Time for Jowar Cultivation 529 Land Holding 53

9.1 Irrigated

9.2 Rainfed

10 Timing of Sowing 54

11 Land under Jowar Cultivation 55

12 Cultivated Crops 56

12.1 Jowar

12.2 Cotton

12.3 Bajra

12.4 Sugarcane12.5 Corn

12.6 Other

B For Trade Partner 57

1 Associated Companies With Trade Partner 57

1.1 NSL

1.2 Prabhat Seed

1.3 Pravardhan Seed

1.4 Yaganti Seed1.5 J.K. Seed


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1.6 Devgen Seed

1.7 Nirmal Seed

1.8 Local Seed

1.9 Other Seed

2 Reason of Associati on 60

2.1 High Performance

2.2 High Demand

2.3 Good Discount

2.4 Availability


3.1 Opinion

3.2 On Time

3.3 Early

3.4 Late

C For Company People 64

1 Criteria for Good Jowar Hybrid 64

1.1 Yield

1.2 Type Of Sowing

1.3 Price

1.4 Food Quality


2.1 Opinion

2.2 On Time

2.3 Early

2.4 Late


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Land Use Patterns

Inhabited Area : 234 sq. km.

Agricultural Area : 7203km

Forest Cover : 1589km

Wastelands: 783km

Drought prone areas : 2300km Agriculture is the main land use in the district with more than 75% of the total area beingused foragricultural activities.

Forest cover is more in the western part of the district - evergreen forests have beenidentified on thewestern extremities.

Climate and Rainfall

Climate The climate in general is moderate with temperatures during the summer months (March tomid June) reaching a maximum of 34C, and in the winter months (November to March)dropping to 10C.

In the western part, the climate is pleasant during the summer, but is very cold during themonsoon. In the plains, the climate is moderate throughout the year.

Rainfall The monsoon period starts in the month of June with the maximum precipitation in July andAugust. Total rainfall is 3104 mm although there are large differences in the amount of

precipitation over various parts of the district. The Sahyadri hill ranges -chiefly in Mahabaleshwar tahsil -in the western extremity receivemore than 6000 mm. Patan and Jawali tahsils also have rainfall in excess of 2000 mm. Moving eastwards the rainfall amount drops to less than 600 mm in the tahsils of Koregaon,

Karad,Satara.

Socio-Economic Features

Demographic Features

According to the 2001 census, the demographic features in Satara district are as follows :

Total number of households: 4,65,891

Total Population : 28,08,994


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Total male population: 16,08,000

Total female population: 12,00,994

Sex Ratio : 1029

Urban Population: 5,16,424

Rural Population : 22,34,576

Population Density : 233

Literacy rate : 66.67%

Economic, Occupational, Social and EducationalProfile of the Population

Economy

Agriculture is the main economic activity in the district with 63.5% of the total land underagriculture. In general agriculture activities are less in the western tahsils due to hilly terrainwith Mahabaleshwar tahsil having only 1% land under agriculture, most of the area beingforest land. The eastern tahsils of Khatav and Karad each have about 75% land undercultivation.

Double crops are cultivated over about 80% of the land under agriculture - along the flowsof rivers Krishna, Koyna, Nira, Yerla double crops are taken. Cereals dominate the crops in all tahsils.

Social Profile

Out of the 24.45 lakhs population (1991 census), 87% lives in rural areas.53.19% ofpopulation is below poverty line and there are 33% illiterates in the district. Wai and Javalitahsils have the largest percentage of households among their population below the povertyline. SC\ST account for about 10% of the total population.Karad is the most densely populated tahsil with 470 persons/sq. km., while Man is the most

sparsely populated with 127 persons per sq. km. Satara and Karad are the two major urbancentres.


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AREA COVERED DURING SURVEY

StatesMaharashtra DistrictSatara:-


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The Indian Seed Industry

Seed is the most important input component for productive agriculture.In the significant advances that India made in agriculture in the last four decades, the role of

the seed sector has been substantial.The expansion of seed industry has occurred in parallel with growth in agricultural

productivity.Given the fact that sustained growth to cope with increasing demand would depend more andmore on the pace of development and adoption of innovative technologies, the seed wouldcontinue to be a vital component for decades to come. The organized seed industry of thecountry is just forty years old. Yet, its growth has been phenomenal.

India is one of the few countries where the seed sector is already reasonably advanced.

The private seed industry is no more confined to just production and marketing of seed.It has as well acquired technological strength to cater to the varietal needs of tomorrow.The Indian seed industry is currently valued around Rs 2500 crores ($ 500 million) and is

proposed to be around 3750 crores ($ 750 million) by 2002. There are about 150 organized

seed companies in India today.

Several companies have Government of India (DSIR) recognized research and development

departments and have produced and released a large number of varieties and hybrids in

several crops.

The contribution of private research in terms of value is steadily increasing. The share ofresearch hybrids in total turnover of crops like pearl millet, sorghum-sudan grass, sunflower,

maize, sorghum and cotton was about 70% in 199798 compared to 46% in 199091.

Private R&Ds real investment in research has quadrupled between 1986 and 1998.

Subsidiaries and joint ventures with multinational companies account for 30% of all private

seed industry research.

A study made over nine private seed companies indicates that the amount spent on R&D

ranged from 0.78% (0.49 crores) to 15.08% (22.62 crores) (Companies Annual Reports

199899). Some of the companies initiated the work on development of transgenic crops. InMarch 2002 the first transgenic hybrid cotton seed was allowed for commercial cultivation in

the farmers field.

This article provides a historical perspective to the development of seed industry in India, its

current status and future. Besides, some suggestions are also provided for improvement and

modification in the regulatory procedures, particularly in case of transgenic crops.


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Current status Indian seed market, estimated at US$1.1 billion, is the 6th largest in the world

It has grown @ 12% compared to


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Cotton production has increased from 12.5 million bales in 2002 -03 to 31 million bales in2007-08

India has become the second largest producerand second largest exporter of cotton in the

world

Regulatory frameworkSeed Act, 1966 and Seed Control Order, 1983 (Seeds Bill 2002 is pending ParliamentaryApproval)

Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, 2001Environment Protection Act, 1986Biological Diversity Act, 2002Destructive Insects and Pests Act, 1914Plants, Fruits and Seeds (Regulation of import inIndia) Order 1989

Cotton Seed Acts in some statesExport/Import policies and Regulations

Regulatory Challenges

New Seed Bill:Intends to improve the regulatory framework to encourage the growth of the seed industry +

Self certification through registration of seed producers and accreditation of seed testing labs- Registration after 2 years of VCU testing- No provisional registration of transgenic hybrids/varieties

- Duplication of agronomic testing of transgenic hybrids/varieties under EPA and New SeedBill- Performance label and compensation- Price Control- Complete exemption of farmers form the operation of the Seed Bill

PPV & FR Act, 2001:Good beginning to protect the rights of the breeders

- Does not conform to UPOV, 1991- Gives farmers the right to sell unbranded seed of protected variety- Allows innocent infringement by farmers

- Compulsory licensing and compensation- Security of the material during field testing for DUS still to be established- Efficacy of enforcement still needs to be established- Specific issues still need to be resolved to address the concerns of the industry

Biodiversity Act, 2002Restricting exchange of germplasm even of those crops which are covered in the ITPGR

Price Control (through State Acts)Arbitrary price controls based on political motivationsDisincentive to invest in research and infrastructure

Lead to cost cutting even in critical processescould affect seed quality adversel


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Productivity challenges

Small marginal farmers with lack of awareness about new technology

Poorly managed or non-functional Govt. extension systems Availability of institutional credit and crop insurance Last mile gap (in remote areas) in the delivery / distribution channels Restricted seed supplies due to negative impact of policy Abiotic stresses Drought Low or erratic rainfall in rainfed situations Light soils with poor water holding capacity Inability to irrigate enough or on time Water logging Poor drainage Excessive rainfall

Sub optimal temperatures

Saline soilsNutrient deficiencies

Biotic stressesFungal, Bacterial and Viral diseasesSucking and chewing insect pests

Key growth drivers Introduction of new technology

Increased hybrid adoption in all vegetable crops but esp. tomato, okra and chilli

Increased hybrid adoption in rice and corn

Improved agronomy in cotton

Investment to innovate and create value for the farmers

Way forward

Continued focus on customer requirementsProduct fitEconomic benefitFreedom to choose

Conducive regulatoryenvironmentMinimal regulation and complianceFreedom to price based on value to customersHarmonization of various laws and Uniform enactment of central laws across all statesEncouragement, through financial incentives, for investment in infrastructure

Increased investment in agricultural researchPublic sectorfor basic research


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Private sector for applied research

Encourage R&D investments in private sectorStronger IPR regulations

Equitable sharing of benefits to all stakeholders to ensure recovery of value added throughintensive research

Financial incentives

Strengthening our education systems to ensure adequate availability of plant breeders

Capacity building especially to deal with the regulatory requirements of the newtechnology

Create successful public private partnershipsComplementary in nature with no overlaps

Clearly defined objectives and milestonesEquitable resource and benefit sharingBased on mutual respect for each others capabilitiesClear agreement on IP issues

Summary Indian seed industry has evolved to become the sixth largest in the world

It is poised to grow at a rate faster than the global rate (huge opportunity to increase SRR)

It has made tremendous contribution to increase productivity through development ofsuperior hybrids

It is investing in research and infrastructure

It has spearheaded the introduction of new technology (Bt cotton)

Indian seed industry needs policy support to make even bigger contributions in the future:

Encouragement for investment in research and infrastructureMinimal regulation and complianceFreedom to operate based on free market principlesStreamlining of regulatory processes to accelerate the development and introduction of newGM technology

Robust PPP models are needed to better serve the farmers by removing the variousproductivity constraints through technological interventions

http://www.apsaseed.org/images/lovelypics/Documents/Technical%20Session08/India
http://www.apsaseed.org/images/lovelypics/Documents/Technical%20Session08/Indiahttp://www.apsaseed.org/images/lovelypics/Documents/Technical%20Session08/Indiahttp://www.apsaseed.org/images/lovelypics/Documents/Technical%20Session08/India


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About Us

Prabhat Agri Biotech Limited (PABL) started its operations in 1992 and has since been at the

service of the Indian farmer growing from its humble beginning as a seed trading company tobecome a fully integrated seed company in 1995, encompassing R&D, Production and Sales&Marketing of various Field and Vegetable crops.

PABL is today an acknowledged leader in the Indian seed Industry.

The proprietary hybrids and varieties of PABL sold under the brand name of PRABHATSEEDS enjoy a wide patronization of the Indian farmer across the country in crops likeCotton, Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, Pearl Millet (Bajra), Sorghum (Jowar) and Vegetables.

PABL has built its reputation on the superior performance of its proprietary products and

strict adherence to seed quality standards. Innovation has been a key to the growth andsuccess of PABL.

PABL is a company promoted and managed by technocrats.

The promoters of the company viz. Sri M Prabhakara Rao and Sri D V Ranga Rao have aMasters Degree in Agriculture and Dr. P Sateesh Kumar has a Ph.D in agriculture.

Apart from the directors, the company has a strong team of competent and qualifiedprofessionals managing the various activities like R&D, Production and Sales & Marketing.

PABL has a strong Research & Development Unit which is recognized by the Ministry ofscience & Technology, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR, New Delhi).

The germplasm of PABL was acquired from both international and National ResearchInstitutes and Universities like ICRISAT, TNAU, UAS, PAU, ICAR, CICR, CIMMYT,APAU, USDA, AVRDC, Universities of NEBRASKA, MISSISIPPI, IOWA, ILLINOIS,

North Dakota State & Plant Breeding Institute of Netherlands.

PABL has successfully launched several proprietary hybrids in the Indian market in Cotton,Bajra, Maize, Jowar, Sunflower and Vegetable Crops.

PABL has a strong presence in the seed export market especially in custom seed productionby taking advantage of the climate, year round crop production possibilities and availabilityof skilled labour in India.

PABL has successfully harnessed modern biotechnological tools for crop improvement.

PABL has successfully introduced several Bt Cotton hybrids in the Indian market.


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Our Leadership

Shri D.V. Ranga Rao - Managing Director

Shri P Sateesh Kumar - Director

Shri Mukesh Mittal (CEO)

Research & Development

Prabhat Agri Biotech Limited (PABL) has a strong R & D Unit which is recognized by the

Ministry of Science and Technology, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR,New Delhi) of India.

The R & D team is lead by the Promoter/Director of Research Dr. P. Sateesh Kumar.

Dr. Kumar has a Ph.D. in plant breeding and wide ranging experience in breeding forimproved yield and quality in various crops. He was in USA and Canada for about a decadeworking a crop improvement before becoming a full time Director in PABL.Adequate middle and junior level staff specializing in various crops supports Dr. Kumar.

PABL has its Research Farms in and around Hyderabad, A.P., India.

The Company has a very wide and varied range of germplasm in each of the crops it isworking on.

The germplasm was acquired from both International and National Research Institutes andUniversities.

The following table gives brief and concise information on the range of germplasm and theirsource:

The extensive germplasm collection coupled with intensive and innovative breeding andevaluation programmes undertaken by the R and D team has resulted in a range ocommercially successful hybrids.

Marketing

Prabhat is headquartered at Hyderabad (India), we are marketing our seeds across thecountry through a network of 10 regional offices, more than 200 distributors and above20,000 retailers.This efficient distribution channel is the key for the Prabhat product positioning anddelivery of product on right time at right place.Our marketing professionals are continuously interacting with the farmers and provide

perfect pre and postharvest solutions.They are conducting farmer meetings, Kisan melas, field days, audio & visual


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presentations, campaigns and sending regular mails to educate formers for getting bestresults.Continuous customer satisfaction audits are conducting at various stages to reaching thecustomer expectations.

Source - http://www.prabhatseeds.com/
http://www.prabhatseeds.com/http://www.prabhatseeds.com/http://www.prabhatseeds.com/


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Cotton

GANESH Bt & Bt II

Field Crop

MAIZE

JOWAR (SORGHUM)

HYBRID PADDY

HIMA Bt & Bt II

MARVAL Bt II

CLASSIC Bt II (UNIQUE SEGMENT)

EMARALD Bt II

LEO COT Bt II

DIVYA Bt

TUSHAR Bt

RANA

RUDRA

RYDER

RYDERM

RUPA

RAKHI

VENUS

MARS

BASAVA

BHARAT

BLAZE

RISE

SIRHIND

RESEARCH PADDY

MEHAK

JAGRITI


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Importance of Jowar

Sorghum is the worlds fifth most important cereal crop in the world. It is a staple food formore than half a billion people in the world, 60 percent of whom are in Africa.

Sorghum is believed to have its origins in Africa in the Ethiopian Highlands and SouthSudan.It is highly tolerant to high temperatures, and is arguably one of the most drought-tolerant

crops under modern day cultivation. It thrives in arid and semi-arid conditions, naturallygrowing up to six feet high but has been bred to be shorter for ease of managing the crop andharvesting. The plant also produces substances that put off birds and insects thereby

protecting the seed.It is a highly versatile crop with many uses including human food and animal feed, for

brewing and bio-fuels. About 55 percent of the worlds sorghum grain is used as food,usually consumed as porridge and breads. The stalks and leaves provide dry season grazingfor livestock especially in Asia, while the Americas use the grain as animal feed.

Africa is the largest producer of sorghum in the world with an annual production of about 22million tons, according to 2006 data.. In Burkina Faso, sorghum is the most productive crop

accounting for 40-45 percent of the annual cereal production. Sorghum has a high yieldpotential. The highest recorded yield for the crop in the world is about 20 tons per hectare.


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But Africas sorghum output is still very low compared to other regions. In the Central andWestern parts of Africa, sorghum productivity increased 54 percent between the early 1970sand 2006, according to the International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT). In the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, sorghum yield increases were comparatively

modest at 15 percent.

The grain is usually red or yellow and is eaten with the hull, where most of the nutrientsreside. It is a nutritious food high in fiber, iron (more than 70 ppm), zinc (more than 50 ppm),and with fairly high protein levels. Some types of sorghum are also rich in antioxidants.Sorghum is gluten-free therefore a good alternative for people allergic to wheat.

However, sorghums nutrients are altered in different ways depending on how it is processed.For example, regular cooking diminishes the availability of sorghums protein such that thehuman body cannot digest and absorb it.

In view of the importance of sorghum for the food and nutritional security of 300 millionpeople across Africa, Africa Harvest is undertaking two sorghum projects in line with itsmission.Sorghum farmers, who are generally in the arid and semi-arid zones of the country, typicallygrow crop the crop for subsistence.To manage brewer-preferred and farmer-preferred sorghum so farmers supple the brewerexactly the type and quality of grain desired for beer making

Source.http://africaharvest.org/sorghum.php
http://africaharvest.org/sorghum.phphttp://africaharvest.org/sorghum.phphttp://africaharvest.org/sorghum.php


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Feed and Fodder quality as affected by diseases

Increased milk and meat demand in Asia will require higher quality crop residues and

feed.

Disease-free feed will improve efficiency and quality of meat production

Plant diseases affect quality and quantity of crop residues fed to animals, and reduces

the income of farmers. Therefore, adoption of disease management practices will

improve quality of crop residues and improve livelihood of farmers and dairy-owners.

Maize stripe virus has tremendous influence on the quality of sorghum fodder since

virus-infected sorghum stover has 25 to 62% less digestibility than healthy stover.Similarly, yield and nutritive value of foliar disease affected groundnut haulm is

seriously reduced.

Fodder quality is important for the poor segment of rural population, as it constitutes

the main source of feed for their cattle and they depend on fodder sale as a source o

income.


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Surveys to assess the farmers perception of fodder quality traits

Farmers in traditional sorghum growing areas prefer dual purpose (grain andfodder) sorghums

Farmers prefer sorghum with thin stalks, more disease-free green leaves andshorter peduncle length.

Fodder quality is important for the poor segment of rural population, as itconstitutes the main source of feed for their cattle.

Industry-perceived advantages and disadvantages of using sorghum in dairy feed

Advantages Disadvantages

Low Cost Good energy source

No problems with processing, ifappropriate equipment is used (e.g.,Amul)

Good availability Traditionally fed to cattle in rural

areas

Presence of tannins Discoloration of grains Deterioration of quality during storage (due to

mould and insects) Moisture content is sometimes too high Not always available round the year Low palatability and digestibility Customer resistance if sorghum is included in

feed ( although manufactures usually do notdisclose raw materials used)

Industry-perceived advantages and disadvantages of using sorghum in poultry feed

Advantages Disadvantages

Low Cost

Energy

alternative tomaize

Easy

availability

Good

palatability

Lower energy content than maize

Risk of aflatoxins

Risk of tannins

Not always available

Problems with grinding, mash becomes powdery reducing feed intake

by birds

Low palatability and digestibility

Varying quality; grain often infested with weevils, fungi, etc.

http://www.icrisat.org/text/research/grep/homepage/grephomepage/slp.htm


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Production of Sorghum Countr y wise in 2011

Rank Area Production (Int $1000)

Production

(MT)

1 India 1035880 7003100

2 Nigeria 992610 6897060

3 Ethiopia 602434 3959900

4

United States of

America 346703 5447100

5 Argentina 284361 4458440

6 Burkina Faso 226901 1505540

7 China 197913 2054316

8 Cameroon 171952 1150000

9 Mali 157088 1191020

10United

Republic of Tanzania119698 806575

11 Niger 112738 807268

12 Chad 96008 650000

13 Yemen 90411 602963

14 Mozambique 73542 502875

15 Uganda 58722 437000

16 Egypt 52938 839195


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

17 Saudi Arabia 49986 327230

18 Ghana 43777 287069

19 Italy 38182 299500

20 Togo 31658 243267

Graph Production of Sorghum Country wise I n 2011

http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx
http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspxhttp://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspxhttp://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Table2. Area, production and productivity of jowar in important

states of India in State

Area (000 ha) Production (000

t)

Productivity

(q/ha)

Andhra Pradesh 500.0 516.0 10.32

Bihar 3.8 3.8 10.00

Chhattisgarh 6.6 4.4 6.67

Gujarat 179.8 207.5 11.54

Haryana 96.0 26.0 2.71

Jammu & Kashmir 6.0 3.6 6.00

Jharkhand 2.2 1.7 7.73

Karnataka 1662.0 1435.0 8.63

Kerala 0.7 0.3 4.29

Madhya Pradesh 659.0 630.6 9.57

Maharashtra 4756.0 3624.0 7.62

Orissa 10.1 5.5 5.45

Rajasthan 573.0 265.9 4.64

Tamil Nadu 376.7 252.1 6.69

Uttar Pradesh 247.3 252.3 10.20

West Bengal 1.5 0.6 4.00

India 9092.3 7244.0 7.97

Source: Fertilizer Association of India


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Source: Fertilizer Association of India

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

AndhraPradesh

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Gujarat

Haryana

Jammu&Kashmir

Jharkhand

Karnataka

Kerala

MadhyaPradesh

Maharashtra

Orissa

Rajasthan

TamilNadu

UttarPradesh

WestBengal

Area, production and productivity of jowar in

India Statewise

Productivity (q/ha)

Production (000 t)

Area (000 ha)

Andhra

Pradesh

6%

Bihar

0%

Chhattisgarh

0%Gujarat

2%Haryana

1%

Jammu & Kashmir

0%

Jharkhand

0%Karnataka

18%

Kerala

0%

Madhya Pradesh

7%

Maharashtra

52%

Orissa

0%

Rajasthan

6%

Tamil Nadu

4%

Uttar Pradesh

3%West Bengal

0%

Area, production and productivity of jowar in

India Statewise


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Rank Country Production (1000 MT)

1 Nigeria 6,900.00

2 Mexico 6,800.00

3 United States 6,272.00

4 India 6,000.00

5 Argentina 5,200.00

6 Sudan 3,800.00

7 Ethiopia 3,700.00

8 Brazil 2,800.00

9 China 2,650.00

10 Burkina Faso 1,800.00

11 Australia 1,700.00

12 Niger 1,000.00

13 Mali 900.00

14 Chad 900.00

15 Egypt 900.00

16Tanzania, United

Republic Of760.00

17 Cameroon 600.00

18 EU-27 560.00

19 Uganda 500.00
http://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ng&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ng&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=mx&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=us&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ar&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ar&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=sd&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=sd&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=et&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=br&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=br&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=cn&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=bf&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=bf&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=au&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=au&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ne&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ne&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ml&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ml&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=td&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=td&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=eg&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=eg&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=tz&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=tz&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=tz&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=cm&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=cm&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=eu&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=eu&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ug&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ug&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ug&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=eu&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=cm&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=tz&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=tz&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=eg&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=td&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ml&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ne&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=au&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=bf&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=cn&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=br&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=et&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=sd&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ar&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=us&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=mx&commodity=sorghum&graph=productionhttp://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=ng&commodity=sorghum&graph=production


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Source-http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1 2 3 4

Series2 9487 8602 9621 10209

Series1 2011 2010 2009 2008

Kg/Hacter

Sorghum Yield kg per Hacter In India In Last Four

Year

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

1 2 3 4

Series2 7764000 7530900 7787200 7381700

Series1 2008 2009 2010 2011

Hacter

Sorghum Area Harvested In India In Last Four Year

In Hacter
http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancorhttp://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancorhttp://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancorhttp://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor


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42

Suraj Pawar # 1235

Sampal Tehsilwise I n Satara Distr ict

Conclusion-

A total of 200 farmers survey wasdone in Satara district for ascertaining of the fluctuation in

yield due to the variation in the sowing time.

In this Survey relatively a large number of more farmers were taken from the Patan tahsil.

Because the Hybrid Jowar are being cultivated in large area in Patan tahsil.

Patan Satara Fhalta

n

Karad Man Koare

gaon

Khand

ala

Jaoli Khatav Vai

Series1 44 40 8 29 28 12 11 11 8 9

AxisTitle

Sampal In Satara

Patan22%

Satara

20%

Fhaltan

4%

Karad

14%

Man

14%

Koaregaon

6%

Khandala

5%

Jaoli

6%

Khatav

4%Vai

5%Sampal In Satara


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Suraj Pawar # 1235


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

For Farmers

Changes in yield after changing sowing per iod

Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that the each and every farmers in this particular

district have said that if the sowing period will changes then the yield of crop also changes.

Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that

The farmers expressed their opinion the time of sowing is that the yield of the Sorghum is

observed to be more in the on time sowing.

The timing of sowing observed by farmers is in Kharif 15-June & in rabbi 15-Oct.

Opinion

YesNo

AxisTitle

Opinion Yes No

Series1 200 0

Opinion

on timeMore

LessNo

AxisTitle

on time More Less No

Series1 200 0 0

On Time


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Conclusion-This pie chart shows that..

The opinions of farmers on the early sowing is 76 % and have expressed that the yield of

early sown jowar is less.

And the yield of the early sowing is more as reported by 1%. & 23 % said no changes in the

yield.


The Yield of Late sowing of Sorghum is more as reported by 30% farmers & yield is less as

expressed by the 47% of the farmers & the yield of late sowen sorghum did not change as

said by the 23%farmers.

More

1%

Less

76%

No

23%

Early

More

30%

Less

47%

No

23%

Late


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46

Suraj Pawar # 1235

Purpose of Jowar Cultivation


An overwhelming 100% of farmers cultivating Jowar mainly for the Grain production.

Conclusion-This pie chart shows that.

Besides Farmers are cultivating jowar for the grain and for the fooder production have also.

In the survay 72% of the farmers opined that they are cultivating jowar for fodder production

have and grain production. And 28% have said that thay are cultivating jowar for the grain

production only.

For Grain ProductionYes

No

AxisTitle

For Grain

ProductionYes No

Series1 200 0

For Grain Production

Yes

72%

No

28%

For Fodder Production


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47

Suraj Pawar # 1235

Fodder Quality Which Seed Has Good


Each and every farmers are said that the Local Seed or deshi variety have good Fodder

quality as compared to the Hybrid variety.

A few farmers however said that the Height of Hybrid variety is less as compared to local

variety. Animals do not prefer hybrid Jowar Fodder as test differ.

Local SeedYes

No

AxisTitle

Local Seed Yes No

Series1 200 0

Local Seed

Hybrid

Seed YesNo

Axis

Title

Hybrid Seed Yes No

Series1 0 200

Hybrid Seed


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Buying Seed from Trade Shop

Yes 148

No 52

Conclusion-This pie chart shows that the sorghum cultivated by 74% farmers are said that they buy seedfrom the Trade shop.

Whereas 26% farmers obtained that they do not buying seed from the trade shop.

The analyses is that those farmers which have been cultivating hybrid jowar only that farmersare buying seed from the trade shop.

The farmers who do not buy seed from the trade shop invariably cultivate local or Deshivariety.

The farmers from Western Sataras areobserved to buy seeds from trade shop where asfarmers from Eastern Satara did not prefer seeds from trade shop.


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Seasson of Sowing

Rabbi 147

Kharif 53

Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that..The farmers of Satara district are cultivating sorghum in two seasson that is Kharif & Rabbi.The 73% farmers cultivating sorghum in the Rabbi Seasson & 27% farmers are cultivating in

the Kharif.The Western Sataras farmers are cultivating sorghum mostly in the Rabbi seasson areobserved from this survey.& the Eastern Sataras farmers are mostly cultivating in the Kharif.


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Land Holding

Land Farmer

1 to 5 1056 to 10 44

11 to 15 24

16 to 20 19

21 to 25 8

Conclusion-

The land holding of farmers in Satara district varies from the 1 acre to 25 acre.

The 52% farmers of particular district have 1 to 5 acre land holding.

The 22% farmers of district have 6 to 10 acre land holding.

The 12% farmers in Satara district have 11 to 15 acre land holding.

The 10% farmers in this district have 16 to 20 acre land holding.

The 4% farmers in district have 21 to 25 acre land holding.

From the analysis it was observed that the land holding of farmer varies according to area.Land holding is small in Western Satara while land holding is more in Eastern Satara isrelatively larger.


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51

Suraj Pawar # 1235

Cultivating Hybrid Jowar

Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that..

The farmers of Satara district are cultivating hybrid jowar. The hybrid jowar is not cultivating

In all tahsil of Satara district.

Farmers from Western Satara are mostly cultivating Hybrid sorghum as observed from this

survey & the farmers from Eastern Satara are not cultivating Hybrid Sorghum.

In the surveyed 25% farmers are not cultivating Hybrid Jowar while 75% are cultivatingHybrid Jowar.

\

Yes 150

No 50

Cultivating

Hybrid

Jowar

YesNo

150

50


Series1

Yes

75%

No

25%



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52

Suraj Pawar # 1235

Required Time for Jowar CultivationUp to 4 Month 105

Up to 4.5

Month 17

Up to 5 Month 78


The required time for the jowar cultivation or the time required from the sowing upto the

harvesting vary from farmers to farmers.

The 52% farmers are said that they have required 4 month for the Jowar cultivation. Thane

39% said required 5 month for cultivation & 9% saied they have required 4.5 month for

sorghum cultivation.

The opinion of farmers varies varied with regard to time for sorghum cultivation.

Required

Time For

Jowar

Cultivation

Up to 4

MonthUp to 4.5

MonthUp to 5

Month

105

17 78

Req Time

Series1 Series2 Series3

Up to 4 Month

52%

Up to 4.5 Month

9%

Up to 5 Month

39%

Required Time For Jowar Cultivation


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53

Suraj Pawar # 1235

Land Holding-

Irrigated Land Holding


The 100% farmers have the irrigated land holding.

There is Irrigated and Rainfed land holding farmers also.

The 30% farmers in these all survey having Rainfed land holding & 70% farmers having no

Rainfed land holding.

Irrigated LandYes

No

AxisTitle

Irrigated Land Yes No

Series1 200 0

Irrigated Land

Yes

30%

No

70%

Rainfed Land


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Timing of Sowing

June 67

15-Jun 51

June-Jully 27

Octomber 28

15-Octom 16

Sept-Oct 11

The timing of sowing in Satara changes according to the Seasson of sowing.

If jowar is cultivated into the Kharif season thes the time of sowing is in June to July.

And the jowar is cultivated in Rabbi Then it is sown during September to Octomber.

The cultivation of jowar is mostly done in the June to July.

The 15-June & 15-Octomber is the more proffered dates for jowar sowing in both the season.


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Land under Jowar Cultivation

Land Farmers

Upto 0.2 3

Upto0.5 49

Upto 1 78

Upto 1.5 31

Upto 2 27

Upto 2.5 5

Upto 3 7

Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that.

Maximum Farmers in Satara district Cultivating Jowar upto 1 & 1.5 Acre.

In District There is very less number of farmers which is cultivating jowar below 0.2 acre

& in district there are very less number of farmers cultivating more than 2 acre jowar on thrir

land

The Farmers are cultivating Jowar for the Grain as well as Fodder production also.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Upto 0.2 Upto0.5 Upto 1 Upto 1.5 Upto 2 Upto 2.5 Upto 3Farmers 3 49 78 31 27 5 7

AxisTitle

Farmers


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56

Suraj Pawar # 1235

Cultivated Crops


The cropping pattern of Satara district is very diversified .

YesNo

AxisTitle

Yes No

Series1 200 0

Jowar

Yes

13%

No

87%

Cotton

Yes No

Series1 200 0

AxisTitle

Corn

81%

19%

Bajara

Yes No

Yes

93%

No

7%

Sugarcane

Yes No

Series1 200 0

AxisTitle

Other


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Jowar, Cotton, Sugarcane, Bajra, Corn, Other crops are also cultivating I district.

Pulses, fruit crop, Oil seed, Cash crop, vegetable etc. are cultivated in Satara.

In these survey each and every surveyed farmers are cultivating Jowar.

Thane 81% farmers are cultivating Bajra. 19% are said they are not cultivating Bajra.

93% are Sugarcane growers are there & 7% said they are not growing Sugarcane.

100% Corn grower is in Satara district.

Cotton Growers is in Satara district are very less as compared to other crop.

For Trade Partner

Associated Companies With Trade Partner

90%

10%

NSL Seed

NSL Yes No

Yes

56%

No

44%

Prabhat Seed


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58

Suraj Pawar # 1235

Yes

33%

No

67%

Pravardhan Seed

Yes

27%

No

73%

Yaganti Seed

Yes

59%

No

41%

J K Seed

Yes91%

No

9%

Devgen Seed

Yes

73%

No

27%

Nirmal Seed

Yes

97%

No

3%

Local Seed


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Conclusion-This pie chart shows that.

The trade partners are selling different companies seed from their outlet.

The trade partners are giving preference to the farmers demand. The seed is demanded by

farmers that seed will be provided by the trade partner.

90% trade partners are sealing seed of NSL Company & 10% trade partners are not selling

seed of NSL seed.

In Satara District 56% trade partners are selling seed of Prabhat Seed Company & 44% trade

partners are not selling seed of Prabhat seed.

33% trade partners are sealing seed of Pravardhan Company & 67% trade partners are not

selling seed of Pravardhan seed.

27% trade partners are selling seed of Yaganti Company & 73% trade partners are not selling

seed of Yaganti seed.

59% trade partners are selling seed of J.K.Seed Company & 41% trade partners are not

selling seed of J.K.Seed seed.

91% trade partners are selling seed of Devgen Company & 9% trade partners are not selling

seed of Devgen seed.

73% trade partners are selling seed of Nirmal Company & 27% trade partners are not selling

seed of Nirmal seed.

In Satara District 97% trade partners are selling seed of Local company trade partners & 3%

trade partners are not selling seed of Local seed.

32% trade partners are selling seed of other company & 68% trade partners are not selling

seed of other seed

Yes32%

No

68%

Other Seed


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Reason of Associati on

Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows thatThe performance of the specific seed is theimportant to create demand among the trade. The high performance seed is improving theyield of the crop. Hence high performance is the 100% important factor for the associationwith company.

Conclusion-This pie chart shows thatThe demand is very impactful facter for theassociation.. The specific demand of customer also increases the association of yards partneror dealer with the specific company.

0

20

40

60

80

100

High Performance Yes No

Series1 100 0

AxisTitle

High Performance

Yes

100%

No

0%

High Demand


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Conclusion- This pie chart shows that the good discount also attract more farmers towardsthe seed or product.The 54% dealers are said that the customers are giving good response to discount skim hencesell is more. And 46% of the said they are not attracted or associated due to good discount on

product

Conclusion-This pie chart shows that 88% trade partner or dealers are associated withcompany due to the nearest availability of the products. & 12% dealers are said they are not

thinking about the availability of product.

Yes

54%

No

46%

Good Discount

Yes

88%

No

12%

Availablity


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62

Suraj Pawar # 1235

Changes in yield after changing sowing per iod

Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows thatthe each and every farmers in these particular

district said that if the sowing period will change thane the yield of crop is also changes.


The farmers are giving their opinion on the on time sowing is that the yield of the Sorghum is

more in the on time sowing.

The timing of sowing said by farmer is that in Kharif 15-June & in rabbi 15-Oct.


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Suraj Pawar # 1235


The opinion of Trade partnerson the early sowing is the 89 said that yield of early sown

jowar is less.

And the yield of the early sowing is more said by 7. & 4 said no changes in the yield.


The Yield of Late sowing of Sorghum Is more said by 13Trade partners & yield is less said

by the 65 Trade partners & the yield of late sowen sorghum is not changes said by the 22

Trade partners.


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

For Company People

Criteria for Good Jowar Hybrid

Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that 100% company people said that the yield is thevery important aspect for the Good Jowar Hybrid. Each and every one looking towards the

output of the product first.

Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that Type of sowing is also important aspect for thedeciding good hybrid.

100% company members said the Type of sowing is required to decide good hybrid jowar.

YieldYes

No

AxisTitle

Yield Yes No

Series1 10 0

Yield

Type Of

SowingYes

No

AxisTitle

Type Of Sowing Yes No

Series1 10 0

Type of Sowing


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Suraj Pawar # 1235

Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that 80% company people said that price is importantcriteria to decied the good hybrid jowar. If the price of seed is more thane it is affect on theseal of the seed.20% said no. price is not thinking infront of quality and yield of crop.

Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that The food quality is also important critera for thedeciding good hybrid jowar.The good quality seed mostly preferred in the Market by farmer & dealers.


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66

Suraj Pawar # 1235

Changes in yield after changing sowing period

Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that The each and every Company peoples in these

particular district said that if the sowing period will change thane the yield of crop is also

changes.


The Company peoplesare giving their opinion on the on time sowing is that the yield of the

Sorghum is more in the on time sowing.The timing of sowing is said by farmer is that inKharif 15-June & in rabbi 15-Oct.


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The opinion of Company peoples the early sowing is the 5said that yield of early sown

jowar is less.

And the yield of the early sowing is more said by 5. & no one said no changes in the yield.


The Yield of Late sowing of Sorghum Is more said by 4 Company peoples& yield is less

said by the 6 Company peoples & the yield of late sown sorghum didnot changes said by the

no one Company people.


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FINDINGS

After analyzing all the primary and secondary data collected during the research and

also based on the observation made by while contacting the farmer, dealers and

retailers following are the findings

The cultivation Sorghum changes area by area.

In the well irrigated region the Hybrid Sorghum are cultivated.

The farmers of Satara district are mostly grow sorghum for the double purpose like asfor Grain production and for Fodder production.

Farmers grow Sorghum mainly for consumption and fodder purpose so variety which

have good taste has good opportunity

In the dry or low water availability region mostly farmers are going to cultivate theLocal or Deshi variety.

In the Western Satara region land holdings of the farmers are very low.

And in the Eastern Satara region land holdings of farmers are very high but the

scarcity of water is more in the eastern region.

Small farmers grow Jowar where there is less irrigation facility. They generally grow

Jowar on one or two acre.

All Sorghum cultivators in Satara district are not purchasing Seed from the tradeshop.

The farmers which is cultivating Hybrid jowar that farmer only purchasing seed from

the trade shop.

The seasson of sorghum sowing are changes according to the area or division whichis dependent on the rainfall.

In the western Satara region farmers are prefaierd mostly Kharif seasson for sowing.& they are Sowing Sorghum for Grain production has only.

And in the Eastern Satara region Farmers are sowing sorghum is in rabbi seasson. &these farmers are sowing for the Grain and Fodder production have also.


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The scarcity of water in the Eastern Satara region is more as compared to the Western

region

The purpose of Sorghum cultivation is varied according to region.

In the Western region Sorghum is cultivated for the Grain production only & in

Eastern region Jowar is cultivated for the Grain & fodder production.

The impact of Sowing period on the yield of jowar is very fluctuating.

Each and every farmer is said that on time sowen crop are giving more yield.

Thane Few farmers are Saied Early or late sowen crop are giving more yield & few

were saied that no changes on yield after changing sowing time.

Trade partner and company people are also give same opinion which is given by the

Farmers about the Impact of sowing period on Yield.

The trade partners of Satara district are selling different variety of different company.

The yield & price is the main criteria for the selecting the hybrid variety.

Farmers of Satara district are saying that the height of the Hybrid Jowar is very low as

campaire to the Local or Deshi variety. Hence the local variety fodder quality is good

as compare to Hybrid variety.

About 10% retailers dont know about the advancebooking system or cash discountgiven by the company. Those who know the advance booking system most of them donot prefer it because of uneven rainfall, rate fluctuation etc.

Most of the retailers are satisfied with the present distribution channel

Most of the farmers even dont know the company PRABHAT; they know thevarieties like Basava, Bharat etc. This may face problem if company wants to launch

new variety with different name.

Suggestion

Try to use Different hybrid variety which having the good yield potential and

better the fodder quality.


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To increase the awareness there is need to concentrate on field work at ground

level i.e. should give demonstration and provide free samples to farmers.

If farmers are using Local or Deshi variety thane try to done seed treatment tothe seed.

As Sugarcane is most preferred product in Satara region if there is delay in rain

farmers keep their land empty for Sugarcane. But commission for agriculture

cost and prices has recommended to increase the minimum support price for

crops by 25-40%. If central government agrees to give Minimum Support price

to Sorghum thane farmers can without any risk thay can cultivate Sorghum.

There is need to convenience farmers not to keep land empty for other crop as

Sorghum will get good price value this year.

Try to get information from the Krishi Agency.

Trade partner also give required information to the farmers.

Cultivate the Sorghum by using Modern Technology.

Organizing a competition or Sorghum show in most potential zones where

farmers come up with their best Sorghum

Farmers can try to use more yielded and good quality producing sorghum

hybrid.

Farmers are required to use pesticide, insecticide for the protection of Jowar

from the disease & pest.

For mass communication farmers meeting in villages at evening time,

including audio, visual presentation is most effective channel

Try to change the cropping pattern of Jowar cultivation.

Use of different IT tools is the most effective way to reach to the farmers and

to make aware about the product. For example sending sms will not be the

useful tool Company should make bulk calling during the main season by using

technology like recorded voice call.


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BIBILIOGRAPHY

Company literature

WEBSITES:

http://www.icrisat.org/crop-sorghum.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/

http://www.icrisat.org/vasat./le/arning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/h

tml/m9_2/resources/2149.html

http://agropedia.iitk.ac.i.n/?q=content/pearl-millet-cultivars

http://www.icrisat.org/vasat/learning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/ht

ml/m3/in./

Bureau of Statistics and Applied Economics

Directorate of Agriculture ,Maharashtra

www.wikipedia.org

www.ikisan.com

http://apy.dacnet.nic.in/crop_fryr_toyr.aspx

www.prabhatseed.com

www.google.co.in

www.mapsofindia.com

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES:

Department of Agriculture, Maharashtra

Department of Statistics, Maharashtra

Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. Of India
http://www.icrisat.org/vasat/learning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/html/m3/inhttp://www.icrisat.org/vasat/learning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/html/m3/inhttp://www.icrisat.org/vasat/learning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/html/m3/inhttp://www.icrisat.org/vasat/learning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/html/m3/inhttp://www.prabhatseed.com/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.mapsofindia.com/http://www.mapsofindia.com/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.prabhatseed.com/http://www.icrisat.org/vasat/learning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/html/m3/inhttp://www.icrisat.org/vasat/learning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/html/m3/in


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ANNEXURE-1

Project Title-

Impact of sowing period on the yield of JOWAR crop & preference for HYBRID JOWARamong trade and farmers.

Farmers QuestionnaireBasic Information:

Name: -__________________________________________

Age: ______

Village-_________________ Tahsil-__________________

District- Satara

Education: _____________

Land Holding: - ________Acre

Irrigation Type- 1 Irrigated. 2. Rainfed

Which crops you are growing?

Jowar

Cotton

Corn

Bajra

Sugarcane

Other

If saying Jowar then only go ahead-

How many acres of land you are cultivating under JOWAR crop?________Acre

Season of sowing?

Rabbi

Kharif

Timing or Month of Sowing.___________________________________

Required time for the JOWAR production.

_______Month


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Purpose of sowing.

For Grain production.

For Fodder production.

You are cultivating hybrid JOWAR crop?

Yes

No Which Hybrids of JOWAR are known to you?

1.___________________2.___________________3.___________________

The period or time of sowing is changes?

Yes No

The yield also changing after changing period?

Yes

No

Fluctuation in yield after changing sowing period.On time sowing Early sowingMore- More-Less LessNo- No-

Late sowingMore-LessNo-

According to you, which is the most concerned aspect for selection of Hybrid JOWARSeeds?-

Rate them on 5 point basis.1. Price of seed2. Higher density planting3. Yield

4. Short duration to mature5. Disease resistance

You are buying seeds?

Yes

No

Fodder quality which has good-

Local variety-

Hybrid variety-

Any suggestion you want to give regarding JOWAR crop cultivation?_____________________________________________________________________


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ANNEXURE-2

For Trade- Name of Trade partner-___________________________________ Location-___________________________________

Which companies are with you-?1. NSL2. Prabhat3. Yaaganti4. Pravardhan5. J K SEEDS6. Devegen7. Nirmal8. Local9. Others

Reason of association- High performance of Product

High demand of Product by Farmers

Good discount or attractive trade schemes

Availability of products-

Which time of sowing do you recommend to farmer-___________________________________

Is there any fluctuation in yield as sowing time differ-Q. Fluctuation on yield

On time sowing1. More-2. Less3. No-

Early sowing1. More-

2.

Less

3. No-

Late sowing1. More-2. Less3. No-

What will be future size in 2013-14___________________________________

What is the scope in 2013-14 for Prabhat-___________________________________


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For company people-

Company-___________________________________ Designation-___________________________________

Name-___________________________________ Contact No-___________________________________ Location-___________________________________

Is there any fluctuation in yield as sowing time differ-

On time sowing1. More-2. Less3. No-

Early sowing1. More-2. Less3. No-

Late sowing

1. More-2. Less3. No-

Criteria of a good Jowar hybrid-

Yield

Medium price

Suitable for most type of sowing

Food quality

SURAJ REPORT.docx

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