Supranationalism in Europe

8/12/2019 Supranationalism in Europe

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CONSTRUCTING A EUROPEAN IDENTITY: PROBLEMS OF SUPRANATIONALISM

Aleksandar Pavkovi

P!"lis#ed in:

$#% E!ro&e' Pro"le(s o) C!l*!re and Iden*i*%+ ,ol- .-+ edi*ed "% /- Andre0+ E-

1olinsk% and M- $aller+ London: Ma2(illan+ 3444+ &&- ..56.74-


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$#o 2o!n*s as a E!ro&ean' $#ere are *#e o!*er )ron*iers o) E!ro&e' Are R!ssians

E!ro&eans' Are *#e% E!ro&eans even i) ver% )e0 o) *#e( ver% seldo( *#ink o) *#e(selves as

E!ro&eans'i Are T!rks E!ro&eans' And i) so+ 0#a* a"o!* *#e T!rki2 na*ions+ T!rk(ens and

A8er"e9ianis' And *#eir non6T!rki2 nei#"o!rs+ Georians and Ar(enians' T#e !n2er*ain*ies

s!rro!ndin *#ese ;#ard< or ;)ron*ier< 2ases do no* &resen* an% ins!r(o!n*a"le o"s*a2les *o *#e

2ons*r!2*in o) a E!ro&ean s!&rana*ional iden*i*%- For an iden*i*% in *#e &ro2ess o)

2ons*r!2*ion+ *#e 2on*roversies over i*s o!*er "o!ndaries are no* onl% na*!ral "!* also 0el2o(e:

s!2# a 2on*rovers% a&&ears *o ass!(e *#a* *#ere is a 2ore E!ro&ean iden*i*% 0#i2# allo0s !s *o

de"a*e *#e e=a2* lo2a*ion o) i*s o!*er "o!ndaries- In *#is de"a*e a"o!* 0#o 2o!n*s as a

E!ro&ean+ *#e Fren2#+ *#e Bri*is# and *#e Ger(ans+ indeed *#e oriinal si= or *#e &resen*

)i)*een E!ro&ean Union (e("ers are ass!(ed *o "e+ 0i*#o!* an% do!"*+ E!ro&eans- I* is onl%

*#e (e("ers#i& o) o*#er "order na*ions *#a* is &ossi"l% in do!"*-

Ye* a 2on*rovers% s!2# as *#is reveals no* onl% *#a* *#is iden*i*% is in *#e &ro2ess o)

"ein 2ons*r!2*ed "!* *#a* i* is 2ons*r!2*ed as an iden*i*% in2l!sive o) o*#er+ 0ell6es*a"lis#ed 6

so(e 0o!ld sa% &ri(ordial 6 na*ional iden*i*ies- In2l!din *#e es*a"lis#ed iden*i*ies+ i* a**e(&*s

a* (os* *o *rans2end "!* no* *o re&la2e *#e(- T#is indeed di))eren*ia*es s!&rana*ional iden*i*ies

)ro( *#ose o) an ordinar% na*ional varie*%: *#e la**er e=2l!de+ o)*en aressivel% so+ an% o*#er

na*ional iden*i*% and a**e(&* *o re&la2e or s!"ordina*e an% o*#er 2olle2*ive 6 reliio!s+

reional+ e*#ni2+ *ri"al or even &ro)essional 6 iden*i*ies- One 2an indeed raise *#e >!es*ion as *o

0#e*#er a Bre*on is a Fren2#(an or a Pro*es*an* Uls*er(an a Bri*on- ?o0ever (an% Bre*ons

(a% disaree+ non6Bre*on Fren2# @and+ indeed+ (an% o*#er )ello0 E!ro&eans are oin *o

reard *#e( as Fren2# and #o0ever Bri*is# (an% Uls*er(en (a% )eel+ *#e% s*ill (a% end !&

3


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as Iris#+ 0#e*#er *#e% like i* or no*- T#ese 0ell6es*a"lis#ed na*ions in#a"i* na*ion6s*a*es and

*#ese s*a*es *end *o se**le *#e >!es*ions o) na*ional "elonin 0i*#o!* leavin (!2# roo( )or

do!"*- S!&rana*ions (os*l% in#a"i* i(ainar% s&a2es 2rea*ed "% en*#!sias*i2 in*elle2*!als or

"!rea!2ra*s 0#o o)*en la2k "o*# *#e &o0er and *#e need *o se**le de2isivel% *#e >!es*ions o)

s!&rana*ional "elonin- T#is is one reason 0#% *#e >!es*ion o) 0#e*#er R!ssians are

E!ro&eans a&&ears a* &resen* so o&en6ended 0#ile si(ilar >!es*ions a"o!* Bre*ons and

Uls*er(en do no*-

$#% isn


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S!&rana*ionalis(: over2o(in a violen* &as* and rea2#in )or a radian* )!*!re

T#is is no a22iden*: *#e &os*6.5 &ro9e2* o) 2ons*r!2*ion o) a E!ro&ean

s!&rana*ionali*% ado&*ed an e=&li2i* an*i60ar s*an2e+ *#e s*an2e 0#i2# 2learl% do(ina*es *#e

(os* enain o!*line o) *#e &ro9e2*+ Edar Morin!ali*ies o) 2o((on E!ro&eaness #ad )o!nd i*s (os*

)or2e)!l e=&ression in several &ro2la(a*ions o) $orld $ar II resis*an2e (ove(en*s- T#!s+

De2lara*ion I o) *#e Geneva 2on)eren2e o) Resis*an2e Move(en*s o) 34 Ma% . iden*i)ies

*#e so!r2es o) a ne0 E!ro&ean solidari*%:

*#e #eroi2 s*r!le "ein 0aed aains* *#e 2o((on ene(% on all )ron*s o) *#e in*ernal

resis*an2e is no* onl% a sinal &roo) o) &a*rio*is( and )ai*# in *#e res!rre2*ion o) *#eir

2o!n*ries+ "!* *#a* *#e sa2ri)i2es and s!))erin a22e&*ed )or *#e sa(e 2a!se #ave 2rea*ed *ies o)

"ro*#er#ood a(on *#e( and #ave iven "ir*# *o a ne0 a0areness o) solidari*% a(on *#e )ree

&eo&les+ *#e (ain*enan2e o) 0#i2# 0ill "e one o) *#e essen*ial !aran*ees o) &ea2e- Li&ens

.5: H6

T#e 2#ie) 2a!se o) *#e 0orld 2on)li2*s in *#e &as* enera*ion+ De2lara*ion I s*a*es+ 0as ;*#e

e=is*en2e o) *#ir*% soverein S*a*es in E!ro&e-< To re(ove *#is 2a!se+ *#e sina*ories o)

De2lara*ion I &ro&osed a Federal Union o) E!ro&e+ dire2*l% res&onsi"le *o *#e &eo&les o)

E!ro&e+ 0i*# a E!ro&ean ar(% as *#e sole (ili*ar% )or2e in E!ro&e and an inde&enden*

S!&re(e Co!r*- Onl% *#is *%&e o) res*ri2*ion o) *#e soverein*% o) na*ion6s*a*es+ *#e% ar!ed+


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2o!ld "rin &er(anen* &ea2e *o E!ro&e- No*in *#e risin sense o) solidari*% a(on *#e

&eo&les o) E!ro&e+ *#e I*alian Move(en* )or *#e E!ro&ean Federa*ion+ in i*s o&en le**er o)

A!!s* .+ *o *#e Fren2# Co((i**ee )or *#e E!ro&ean Federa*ion+ )or *#e )irs* *i(e re)erred

*o *#e &eo&les o) E!ro&e+ "% *#eir 2o((on na(e ;E!ro&eans< and &ro2eeded *o !re *#e

o&&ressed E!ro&eans *o 2rea*e a )ree 2o((!ni*% o) all na*ions o) *#e 2on*inen* Li&ens

.5: H7-

Oriina*in in *#e E!ro&ean resis*an2e vision o) *#e 2o((on s*r!le aains* *#e

e=*re(es o) E!ro&ean na*ionalis(+ *#e E!ro&ean iden*i*% &ro&aa*ed "% Morin+ Ro!e(en*+

D!roselle and Br!(ans+ *o na(e *#e )e0 E!ro &ro(inen* s!&rana*ionalis*s+ is na*!rall% an*i6

na*ionalis* as 0ell: *#e in*oleran* and *#!s 0ar6orien*ed na*ionalis( is no* onl% in2o(&a*i"le

0i*# an in2l!sive E!ro&ean iden*i*% "!* is also des*r!2*ive o) &ea2e and 0ell6"ein o) all

&eo&les o) E!ro&e- O) 2o!rse+ E!ro&ean s!&rana*ionalis*s 6 like *#eir &rede2essors in *#e

E!ro&ean resis*an2e (ove(en*s 6 are read% *o dis*in!is# *#e ood )ro( *#e "ad varie*% o)

na*ionalis(- T#e )irs* is *oleran* o) diversi*% 0#ile *#e se2ond is no* onl% in*oleran* "!* leads

*o violen2e and 0ar- ?o0ever+ *#e an*i60ar and an*i6@"adna*ionalis( as&e2*s o) *#is

s!&rana*ional 2on2e&* o) 2o((on E!ro&ean iden*i*% no* onl% (ake i* !seless as a &o*en*ial

ins*r!(en* o) (ili*ar% (o"ilisa*ion "!* also r!le o!* *#e s*ra*eies 0#i2# a&&eal *o a na*ion


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(ore 2o!ld "e &a2kaed *o reveal *#e !n"roken E!ro&ean s*r!le )or E!ro&ean val!es on

E!ro&ean soil- On2e *#is is done+ *#ere 0o!ld "e no o"s*a2le *o "!ildin a series o) (ore or

less (on!(en*al 0ar (e(orials e=*ollin *#e s*r!le and *#e )allen )or *#e E!ro&ean 2a!se-

T#e E!ro s!&rana*ionalis* &ro9e2* is in2o(&a*i"le 0i*# an% s!2# (on!(en*al ;s*r!le

)or )reedo(< (odel no* onl% "e2a!se o) i*s e=&li2i* an*i60ar s*an2e- T#e lori)i2a*ion o) *#e

alleed E!ro&ean )ea*s o) ar(s+ in *#eir vie0+ 0o!ld 2las# 0i*# *#e ver% val!es 0#i2# s*and a*

*#e 2ore o) *#e s!&rana*ional 2on2e&*ion o) E!ro&e and E!ro&ean iden*i*%- T#e vi2*or% o)

E!ro&ean val!es o) li"eral de(o2ra2%+ e>!ali*%+ individ!al a!*ono(% 0#i2#+ a22ordin *o

Morin and o*#er E!ro s!&rana*ionalis*s+ (akes *#e 2ore o) E!ro&ean val!es+ 0as no* a )ea* o)

ar(s and+ in an% 2ase+ *#ese val!es 2o!ld no* "e i(&osed "% *#e s#eer )or2e o) ar(s- In

re9e2*in *#e lori)i2a*ion o) 0ar in *#e na(e o) E!ro&ean an*i60ar val!es+ E!ro

s!&rana*ionalis*s also re9e2* one o) *#e s!22ess)!l s*ra*eies o) 2ons*r!2*in na*ional or

s!&rana*ional iden*i*ies- T#is s*ra*e%+ as 0e s#all see a* *#e end o) *#e &resen* essa%+ s*ill

&rovides an al*erna*ive @al"ei* a* &resen* no* *oo &la!si"le (odel )or *#e 2ons*r!2*ion o)

E!ro&ean iden*i*%-

T#e an*i6na*ionalis* s*an2e+ on *#e o*#er #and+ &reven*s E!ro s!&rana*ionalis*s )ro(

de)inin *#eir E!ro&ean iden*i*% "% 0a% o) 2on*ras* *o *#e in*olera"le or si(&l% in)erior O*#er-

T#!s+ *#e E!ro&eans+ a22ordin *o Morin+ no* onl% are no* s!&erior *o Asians+ A)ri2ans+

A(eri2ans or an% O*#ers+ "!* *#eir E!ro&eaness is no* de)ined "% an% 6 nea*ive or &osi*ive 6

2on*ras* *o non6E!ro&eans and *#eir *radi*ions and val!es- T#is (akes *#e E!ro iden*i*% &ro9e2*

>!i*e a"s*ra2* and res*ri2*s *#e 2ons*r!2*ion o) e))e2*ive E!ro&ean s!&rana*ional or na*ional

(arkers- For *#e E!ro s!&rana*ionalis*s do no* *ell !s #o0 *o dis*in!is# a* a lan2e a

E!ro&ean )ro( a non6E!ro&ean- Ra2ial )ea*!res are+ o) 2o!rse+ r!led o!* )ro( *#e s*ar* so are

*#e (anners and *#e s*%le o) dress- $e are le)* onl% 0i*# *#e E!ro&ean val!es and *radi*ions+

none o) 0#i2# )or( a &ar* o) *#e o!*side a&&arel o) E!ro&eans and 2an serve as visi"le

H


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(arkers-

T#is+ o) 2o!rse+ does no* (ean *#a* *#e 2on2e&* o) 2o((on E!ro&eaness is all in2l!sive

and *#a* i* *olera*es all 2!l*!ral or so2ial innova*ions *akin &la2e in E!ro&e- Morin+ )or one+

ve#e(en*l% re9e2*s ;*#e #o(oenisa*ion o) 2!s*o(s and *#e 2!l*!ral s*andardisa*ion 0#i2# is

irresis*i"l% s&readin *#ro!#o!* E!ro&e: 9eans+ s#ir*s+ 0es*erns+ serials+ s#o0s+ #a("!rers+

Coke+ Pe&si+ &a&ers+ sel)6servi2es and s!&er(arke*s< Morin .4: .3- T#ese &ro2esses o)

A(eri2ani8a*ion+ Morin ar!es+ are *#e res!l*s o) 2a&i*alis* 2o((odi)i2a*ion and

s*andardisa*ion as 0ell as *e2#no6"!rea!2ra*i2 anoni(i8a*ion+ all o) 0#i2# are ;na*ive< *o

E!ro&e- $#ile *#e eno(ena o) *#e &ro2ess 6 )ro( 9eans *o s!&er(arke*s 6 oriina*e in *#e

US+ *#e !nderl%in &ro2esses are )ir(l% roo*ed in E!ro&e- I* is *#ese &ro2esses o) *#e

#o(oenisa*ion o) 2!s*o(s and s*andardisa*ion o) 2!l*!res *#a* *#rea*en *o des*ro% *#e

diversi*% and non2on)or(i*% o) E!ro&ean 2!l*!res 6 *#eir !ni>!e and de)inin (ark 6 and *#!s

derade *#e ver% 2on2e&* o) E!ro&ean 2!l*!re- T#e% are *o "e resis*ed no* "e2a!se o) *#eir

)oreinness+ no* "e2a!se *#e% oriina*e in *#e in*olera"le @in *#is 2ase+ A(eri2an O*#er+ "!*

"e2a!se *#e% *#rea*en *#e !ni>!eness o) E!ro&ean 2!l*!res- T#is !ni>!eness needs *o "e

de)ended no* )ro( a )orein O*#er+ "!* )ro( i*s indieno!s derada*ion-

$i*# no (e(or% o) (ili*ar% lories and no ene(% O*#er+ E!ro s!&rana*ionalis*s are le)*

0i*# )e0 o*#er *ools o) *radi*ional na*ional iden*i*% 2ons*r!2*ion- T#e *radi*ional na*ional

iden*i*% re>!ires a 2o((on &as* !s!all% in *#e )or( o) a *ale o) a !ni*ed and oal6orien*ed

2olle2*ive endeavo!r o) an e(eren* na*ion- So(e E!ro s!&rana*ionalis*s+ no*a"l% *#e

#is*orians D!roselle and Br!(ans+ are read% *o a* leas* a**e(&* *o *ell a si(ilar *ale D!roselle

.4: 346. lis*s nine ;ases o) s#ared e=&erien2e< o) 0es*ern+ nor*#ern+ 2en*ral and

so!*#ern E!ro&e @)ro( *#e (eali*# *o *#e re2en* I(&erial ase and dis2erns ;a eneral i)

#al*in ro0*# in 2o(&assion+ #!(ani*% and e>!ali*%< in E!ro&ean #is*or%- T#ese are &ossi"l%

onl% so(e o) *#e ;solid #is*ori2 reasons< 0#i2# led D!roselle *o reard ;E!ro&e no* onl% as a


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(osai2 o) 2!l*!res "!* as an orani2 0#ole< Davies .H :7- $#ile no* >!i*e a *ale o) ;a

!ni*ed endeavo!r< o) E!ro&eans 0#i2# inevi*a"l% leads *o a E!ro&e !ni*ed+ D!roselle


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E!ro&e and i*s 2o((on iden*i*%- T#e E!ro&ean ;2o((!ni*% o) des*in%+< *#e

S2#i2ksale(eins2#a)* +0#i2#+ a22ordin *o O**o Ba!er+ 2#ara2*erises ever% *r!e na*ion+ 2an

e(ere+ Morin .4: . avers+ onl% )ro( *#e )!*!re:

O!r E!ro&ean #is*ori2al (e(ories #ave no*#in in 2o((on "!* *#e division and 0ar-

T#e% #ave no 2o((on #eri*ae e=2e&* )or *#eir (!*!al #a*reds- O!r 2o((!ni*% o)

des*in% 2o!ld no* e(ere )ro( o!r &as* 0#i2# onl% 2on*radi2*s i*- I* 0o!ld #ardl% e(ere

)ro( o!r &resen* "e2a!se i* is o!r )!*!re 0#i2# 0ill i(&ose i* !&on !s---Morin


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na(es are "o!nd *o a&&ear- I* is a* *#e level o) *#e 2a*alo!e o) na(es *#a* 0e s#all )ind *#e

"einnins o) a 2onsens!s a(on *#e E!ro s!&rana*ionalis*s: all o) *#e( 0o!ld aree *#a*

so(e s!2# lis* o) na(es )or(s *#e 2ore o) *#e E!ro&ean 2!l*!re 0#i2# in *!rn de)ines *#e 2ore

o) 2o((on E!ro&ean iden*i*%-

Ano*#er rela*ed &oin* o) 2onsens!s is *o "e )o!nd in a lis* o) E!ro&ean in*elle2*!al and

2!l*!ral innova*ions+ 0#i2# )or(s ano*#er 2ore+ *#a* o) E!ro&e


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#eri*ae *#a* *rans)or(s an individ!al in*o a E!ro&ean and ives #i( a ne0+ in2l!sive

s!&rana*ional iden*i*%-

Le* !s no0 e=a(ine *0o (a9or o"9e2*ions *o *#is s*ra*e% o) s!&rana*ional iden*i*%

2ons*r!2*ion- T#e )irs*+ voi2ed "% Anes ?eller .3 re9e2*s *#e no*ion o) a 2o((on

E!ro&ean #eri*ae "ased on one or "o*# o) *#ese lis*s- T#e a"s*ra2*ions 2alled *#e ;E!ro&ean

&ain*in


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o)*en ass!(ed *#an &roven "!*+ ra*#er+ *o vividl% ill!s*ra*e na*ional 2!l*!ral a2#ieve(en* and

*o serve as so!r2es o) na*ional &ride- No do!"* *#e a22e&*an2e o) s!2# na*ional 2anons and

*#eir role as so!r2es o) na*ional &ride is (!2# )a2ili*a*ed "% *#e lan!ae 0#i2# *#e 2anonised

(en alleedl% s#are 0i*# *#ose 0#o *ake &ride in *#eir a2#ieve(en*s- T#ere is+ o) 2o!rse+ no

2o((on lan!ae o) *#e E!ro&ean 2!l*!ral 2anon- B!* as *#is &roved no o"s*a2le *o *#e

dialo!e and 2ross6)er*ilisa*ion a(on *#e (e("ers o) *#e 2anon+ i* is no o"s*a2le+ one (a%

ar!e+ *o *#e a22e&*an2e o) *#e 2annon and i*s role as a so!r2e o) E!ro&ean &ride-

On *#is vie0+ Morin and E!ro s!&rana*ionalis*s are &resen*in a ra*#er va!e 2anon o)

s!&rana*ional #eri*ae )or 2on*e(&la*ion and a22e&*an2e "% *#ose sear2#in )or *#e roo*s o)

E!ro&eaness andKor a so!r2e o) E!ro&ean &ride- T#e 2anon is no* a &roo) in*ended *o 2onver*

*#e !n2onver*ed+ *#a* is+ *#ose 0#o do no* "elieve in *#e e=is*en2e o) a 2o((on E!ro&ean

2!l*!ral #eri*ae- To de(and *#a* *#e &ro&osed E!ro&ean 2anon &rovide a &roo) o) a 2o((on

E!ro&ean #eri*ae is *#en *o (is!nders*and *#e E!ro&ean s!&erna*ionalis* &ro9e2*-

?o0ever+ ?eller!en*l%+ one E!ro&ean s!&rana*ion- I* is *#is ver% !ni*% in diversi*% *#a* (akes E!ro&ean

2!l*!res or 2!l*!re !ni>!e and *#ere)ore a s!i*a"le &oin* )or 2!l*!ral and s!&rana*ional

iden*i)i2a*ion- No0 ?eller in e))e2* 2as*s do!"* on *#e in)eren2e )ro( diverse 2!l*!res *o a

!ni>!e and *rans2endin E!ro&ean s!&ra62!l*!re: *#e #i#l% diverse 2!l*!res o) E!ro&e+ s#e

s!es*s+ o))er no "asis )or s!2# an in)eren2e-

.3


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In de)en2e o) s!2# an in)eren2e+ Morin &oin*s *o 2ross6)er*ilisa*ion and *o dialo!e *#e

2ross6)er*ilisa*ion and dialo!e a(on E!ro&ean 2!l*!res (ake *#ese na*ional 2!l*!res (!2#

less na*ional *#an *#e% a&&ear a* )irs* si#*- In addi*ion+ one 2o!ld ar!e *#a* *#e !ni)ied

na*ional 2!l*!res+ "ased on *#e 2#eris#ed na*ional 2!l*!ral 2anons+ are as (!2# &rod!2*s o)

&lanned 2ons*r!2*ion as is *#e ne0 s!&ra6na*ional E!ro&ean 2!l*!re- I) 0e ran* *#a* *#e

na*ional 2!l*!res are nei*#er &re6de*er(ined nor &ri(ordial "!* 2ons*r!2*ed+ *#eir 2on*in!ed

e=is*en2e and even )lo!ris#in is no*+ "% i*sel)+ an !ns!r(o!n*a"le o"s*a2le *o *#e 2ons*r!2*ion

o) a s!&ra62!l*!re o) E!ro&e- T#e (a9or >!es*ion is *#en no* 0#e*#er s!2# a s!&ra62!l*!re 2an

"e 2ons*r!2*ed "!* #o0 *#is s#o!ld "e done- In *#is 2on*e=*+ one 2o!ld 2er*ainl% >!es*ion *#e

s!i*a"ili*% o) *#e s*andard (odel o) 2ons*r!2*ion o) na*ional 2!l*!res @via !ni)ied 2!l*!ral

2anons )or *#e &resen* *ask- Is a E!ro&ean s!&ra62!l*!re *o "e 2ons*r!2*ed si(&l% "% &il)erin

e=is*in na*ional 2!l*!ral 2anons o) s!i*a"le s!&rana*ional E!ro&ean 2!l*!ral a2#ievers and

a2#ieve(en*s' Isn


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val!es and *#e like-< S(i*# .7: .7- T#e (e(ories+ (%*#s and s%("ols 0#i2# i* does

&osses 6 S(i*#


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2ons*r!2*ed on an% ;se2!re e*#ni2 "ase< in *#is sense- T#eir iden*i*% is "ased on a "elie) in a

2o((on 2!l*!re+ in2l!din+ (os* i(&or*an*l%+ 2o((on &oli*i2al 2!l*!re and *radi*ion+ *#a* is+

on a (ore or less 2lear2!* se* o) 2o((on #is*ori2al (e(ories+ (%*#s+ s%("ols 0i*#o!* an%

;se2!re e*#ni2 "ase


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0i*#s*and *#e *%&e o) 2o!n*ere=a(&le *#a* S(i*# advan2es- T#e *0o 2o!n*ere=a(&les #e lis*s+

*#a* o) Frederi2k Bar"arossa and o) *#e Ca*#oli2 (ass+ do no* a&&ear on Morin


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*#e na*ion6s*a*e s2#ool s%s*e( and i*s &o&!lar (edia- In *#e )or(er+ i* is *#e *ea2#in o)

@na*ional #is*or% 0#i2# is *#e (ain ins*r!(en* o) *#e &ro&aa*ion o) na*ional ideas and

iden*i*ies- I* is *#en no* s!r&risin *#a* *#e )irs* s*e&s )or *#e disse(ina*ion o) E!ro iden*i*%

a&&ears *o #ave (ade in *#e s2#ool *ea2#in o) #is*or%: *#e )irs* Co!n2il o) E!ro&e!es*ion+ al*#o!# all (e("ers o) *#e E!ro&ean Union #ave (ade a**e(&*s *o

;E!ro&eani8e< *#eir s2#ool 2!rri2!la S#ennan ..: .H6- As )or *#e &o&!lar (edia+ in s&i*e

o) several a**e(&*s a* ;E!ro&eani8a*ion< o) &rin* and *elevision (edia+ *#e )!*!re+ a22ordin *o

E!ro&ean (edia e=&er*s+ is !nlikel% *o "rin a"o!* a 2o((on E!ro&ean *elevision

&rora((in or a E!ro&ean (ass62ir2!la*ion *a"loid- T#is #as led so(e s2#olars *o 2on2l!de

*#a* *#e disse(ina*ion o) E!ro&ean iden*i*% *#ro!# 2o((on E!ro&ean (edia is nei*#er

ne2essar% nor desira"le S#elle% and $in2k .7: .5- In an% 2ase+ no na*ional overn(en*

.


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a&&ears *o "e read% or a"le as %e* *o e("ark on a 2a(&ain o) E!ro&eani8a*ion o) i*s (edia or

*#eir "road2as*s-

T#ese de"a*es and *#e a"sen2e o) &oli*i2al 2o((i*(en* *o (ass disse(ina*ion o) *#e E!ro

iden*i*%+ one 2an ar!e+ indi2a*e onl% *#a* *#e E!ro iden*i*% &ro9e2* is s*ill in *#e s*a*e o)

in*elle2*!al )er(en*a*ion+ *#e )irs* s*ae in ?ro2#


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all (ains*rea( &oli*i2ians in *#e E!ro&ean Union (e("er s*a*es &ro(o*e 6 or a* leas* endorse 6

*#ese val!es+ *#eir &ro(o*ion 2o!ld "rin no &ar*i2!lar advan*ae nor vo*es *o an% &oli*i2ian

0#ose &oli*i2al a&&eal 0o!ld "e "ased solel% on *#ese alleedl% E!ro&ean val!es- As

2ons*r!2*ed "% Morin+ *#e val!es o) E!ro&eanis( do no* see( *o in2l!de 2on2re*e+ non6

a"s*ra2*+ val!es 0#i2# )ind *#eir e=&ression in ever%da% li)e *#ere see(s *o "e no E!ro&ean

e>!ivalen* *o *#e val!es e("odied+ )or e=a(&le+ in 2ri2ke* &la%in or in one


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iden*i*%+ *ra2in so lon a lineae+ o))er a (ore a**ra2*ive i) so(e0#a* (%*#i2al sense o)

aelessness *#an an% o) *#e e=is*in rela*ivel% %o!n na*ional iden*i*ies' Co!ld s!2# an

iden*i*% "e 2ons*r!2*ed aro!nd *#e (%*# o) a !ni*ed s*r!le )or *#e )reedo( o) E!ro&e

2o((e(ora*ed in a series o) s!i*a"le (on!(en*s and (e(orials' An% a**e(&* *o !se

E!ro&eanis( in a &resen*a*ion o) 2on*in!i*% *#ro!# E!ro&ean6orien*ed se* o) (on!(en*s and

(e(orials 0o!ld )a2e+ a(on o*#er &ro"le(s+ *#e &ro"le( o) do!"le6re&resen*a*ion: *#e

dis*in!is#ed E!ro&ean &rede2essors as 0ell as *#ose 0#o )ell )i#*in )or *#e )reedo( o)

E!ro&e 0ere+ a)*er all+ (e("ers o) &ar*i2!lar E!ro&ean na*ions or &ro*o6na*ions- Even i) 0e

sear2# )or *#e lorio!sl% )allen lon "e)ore *#e adven* o) (odern E!ro&ean na*ions 6 )or

e=a(&le+ in *#e )ields o) C#alon6s!r6Marne 0#ere E!ro&e 0as saved )ro( A**ila


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Co(&arin *#es *0o (odels o) 2ons*r!2*in a E!ro iden*i*%+ one 2o!ld ask: Co!ld a

s!&rana*ionalis* (odel o) *#e *%&e 0#i2# Morin &ro(o*es+ &rovide an in*erenera*ional "ond

o) *#is kind' Or does an a**e(&* *o 2ons*r!2* an in*erenera*ional "ond a(on *#e dead+ livin

and %e* !n"orn E!ro&eans+ #ave *o lead *o *#e 2ons*r!2*ion o) a s!"s*i*!*e and no* a

s!&rana*ional E!ro&ean iden*i*%' Does *#e )ail!re *o &rovide s!2# an in*erenera*ional "ond+

doo( *#e s!&rana*ionalis* &ro9e2* as a &ro9e2* o) an end!rin and e))e2*ive E!ro&ean iden*i*%'ii

3.


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iNOTES

--;Per#a&s *#e (os* s*rikin di))eren2e "e*0een R!ssia and *#e Eas*ern E!ro&eans is in *#e

ans0er *o *#e >!es*ion Do %o! ever 2onsider %o!rsel) E!ro&ean'---More *#an *#ree6>!ar*ers

o) R!ssians >!es*ioned said Rarel% or Never-< S!rve% 2ond!2*ed "% Pro)essor Ri2#ard Rose

o) *#e Cen*re )or *#e S*!d% o) P!"li2 Poli2%+ Universi*%o) S*ra*#2l%de- Eas*ern E!ro&e:

Feelin &erkier+ E2ono(is*+ 3 Mar2# .H+ &&- 5367-

-- A si(ilar dis2!ssion o) *#e E!ro s!&erna*ionalis* &ro9e2* is )o!nd Pavkovi2 .H-

T#e Enlis# version o) *#is ar*i2le is *o a&&ear in /oe Andre0 @ed $#% E!ro&e'+ London: Ma2(illan .-

REFERENCES

Delo!2#e FrJdJri2 @ed @.3+ ?is*oire de l!e Por*rai* o) E!ro&e


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Sla*er+ /o#n @.5+ Tea2#in ?is*or% in *#e Ne0 E!ro&e+ London: Cassell-

S(i*#+ An*#on% D- @.3+ ;Na*ional Iden*i*% and *#e Idea o) E!ro&ean Uni*%


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S#ennan+ Marare* @..+ Tea2#in a"o!* E!ro&e+ London: Cassell-

Sla*er+ /o#n @.5+ Tea2#in ?is*or% in *#e Ne0 E!ro&e+ London: Cassell-

S(i*#+ An*#on% D- @.3+ ;Na*ional Iden*i*% and *#e Idea o) E!ro&ean Uni*%

Supranationalism in Europe

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