Supplementary Interpretation of Seismic Refraction …...Working Report 2003-63 Supplementary...

$: Supplementary Interpretation of Seismic Refraction …...Working Report 2003-63 Supplementary Interpretation of Seismic Refraction Oata at Olkiluoto Tomas Lehtimaki JP-Fintact Oy December$
POSIVA OY

Working Report ·2.003-63

Supplementary Interpretation of Seismic Refraction Data

at Olkiluoto

Tomas Lehtimaki

December 2003

FIN - 27160 OLKILUOTO, FINLAND

Tel . +358-2-8372 31

Fax +358-2-8372 3709 ,

TEKIJAORGANISAATIO:

JP-Fintact Oy

J aakonkatu 3

01620 V antaa

TILAAJA:

PosivaOy

27160 Olkiluoto

TILAUSNUMEROT:

JP-Fintact Oy: 9541/03/TUAH

TILAAJAN YHDYSHENKILO:

Turo Ahokas

PosivaOy

TEKIJAORGANISAATION YHDYSHENKILO:

TEKIJAT:

TARKASTAJA:

Eero Heikkinen

JP-Fin tact Oy

TYORAPORTTI 200~ b!J Supplementary interpretation of seismic refraction data at Olkiluoto

Tomas Lehtimaki

';~ Pauli Saksa

JP-Fintact Oy

Working Report 2003-63

Supplementary Interpretation of Seismic Refraction Oata

at Olkiluoto

Tomas Lehtimaki

JP-Fintact Oy

December 2003

Working Reports contain information on work in progress

or pending completion.

The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report

are those of author(s) and do not necessarily

coincide with those of Posiva.

Lehtimaki, T. 2003. Supplementary interpretation of seismic refraction data at Olkiluoto. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. 42 p. Working report 2003-63.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work is to update and detail the seismic interpretations from the year 2002 that were based on the seismic measurements made in 2001 and before that with new measurements made in 2002. This work is concentrated in the area at the vicinity of borehole KR8, because the area is under special attention in the planning of the access tunnel to the underground research facility ONKALO.

The seismic velocities in the bedrock surface, the bedrock surface topography and the indications of the broken bedrock are collected to map representations from the line interpretations. The numerical data is interpolated to colored contour maps. The indications of the broken bedrock are outlined and combined into broken bedrock zones using these maps with the help of the seismic velocity and the bedrock surface topography, and is correlated to other available data such as Olkiluoto bedrock model and geophysical ground surface measurements made on the area.

The task included also a review of accuracy of the initial data using numerical modeling, it was excluded from the final work and is compensated with a more comprehensive study of seismic velocity tomograms in the area close to the planned access tunnel for the ONKALO.

Keywords: Seismic refraction, interpretation, interpolation

Lehtimaki, T. 2003. Olkiluodon refraktioseismisten tutkimusten jatkotulkinta. Olkiluoto: Posiva Oy. 42 s. Tyoraportti 2003-63.

TIIVISTELMA

Tyon tarkoituksena on taydentaa ja paivittaa vuoden 2002 refraktioseismisia tulkintoja mittauksille vuodelta 2001 ja aiemmin vuoden 2002 kesan ja syksyn mittauksilla. Tyo on keskittynyt kairanreian KR8 Hihiymparist66n, alueen mielenkiinnon takia suunniteltaessa sisaanmenotunnelia maanalaiselle tutkimustilalle ONKALO:lle.

Kallionpinnan seismiset nopeudet, kallionpinnan topografia ja viitteet kallion rikkonaisuuksista on keratty karttaesityksiksi linjatulkinnoista. Numeerinen aineisto on interpoloitu varipintaesityksiksi. Viitteet kallion rikkonaisuudesta on rajattu ja yhdistetty rikkonaisuusvyohykkeiksi karttaesitysten avulla ja niita on verrattu muuhun saatavilla olleeseen aineistoon, kuten Olkiluodon kalliomalliin seka tutkimusalueella tehtyihin maanpinnan laheisiin geofysikaalisiin mittauksiin.

Lisaksi tyossa on tehty yksityiskohtainen seisminen nopeustomogrammitarkastelu rajatulle alueelle ONKALO:n suunnitellun sisaanmenotunnelin ymparistossa.

Avainsanat: Refraktioseismiikka, tulkinta, interpolointi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

TIIVISTELMA

1

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 2

2. SOURCE DATA .................................................................................................................................. 3

3. DATA PROCESSING ......................................................................................................................... S

3 .1. LINE MAP OF SEISMIC VELOCITIES ................................................................................................. 5 3.2. INTERPOLATION OF SEISMIC VELOCITY ......................................................................................... 5 3.3. CALCULATING VELOCITY TOMOGRAMS (RA YFRACT) ................................ ....... .... ... ......... ..... ....... 6

4. INTERPRETATION ........................................................................................................................... 8

4.1. COMBINATION OF FRACTURED AND BROKEN ZONES ..................................................................... 8 4.2. REVIEWING RESULTS USING VELOCITY TOMOGRAMS ... .... .................................. .............. ...... ... .... 9 4.3. CORRELATION OF RESULTS TO OTHER INTERPRETATIONS ........................................................... 10

5. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................ 12

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... 13

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 14

2

1. INTRODUCTION

The final disposal of the spent nuclear fuel is managed by Posiva Oy, which is jointly owned by the Finnish nuclear power companies Teollisuuden Voima Oy and Fortum Power and Heat Oy. The research of the building of the final disposal facility has been going on in more than two decades. The Finnish parliament ratified 18.5.2001 a policy decision for a construction permit to build a final disposal facility for the spent nuclear fuel at Olkiluoto area in Eurajoki. This work is part of the detailed site investigation programme, conducted by Posiva Oy.

The first shallow seismic surveys were done in Olkiluoto in 1973, when the building of the nuclear power plant started. The first shallow seismic surveys done on the final disposal site were done in 2001 by Suo men Malmi Oy (Ihalainen & Lahti 2002). The work was completed and focused for the area in the vicinity of the borehole KR5 in the summer 2002 and for the southern part of the investigation area in the vicinity of the borehole KR8 in the spring 2002 (Ihalainen 2003).

This working report is completing and updating the results gained in the report by Lehtimaki 2003, from the parts where additional information is available. In this working report the line interpretations, the seismic velocities of the upper part of the bedrock (0-20 m) and the brokenness indications of the surveys made on the investigation area are gathered into map data. The numerical information is interpolated to map representations with different tools using e.g. RockWorks2002. In Chapter 3 the gathered line map and the interpolated maps are presented. The combining and outlining of fractured- and broken bedrock zones using the line interpretations, seismic velocity maps, the topography of bedrock surface and other available information is presented in Chapter 4. The velocity tomograms that represent the upper part of the bedrock surface are calculated in Chapter 3. Using the calculated velocity distribution in the bedrock surface the reviewing of quality and accuracy of the source data is done in Chapter 4. Also the velocity tomograms are used to confirm interpretations of fractured- and broken bedrock zones made in Chapter 4.1. In Chapter 4.3 the results of the combining and outlining of the interpreted fractured- and broken bedrock zones are correlated to results of other surveys made close to the surface (e.g. different surface geophysical measurements, VSP, bedrock model).

The work was commissioned from Posiva Oy, purchase order number 9541/03/TUAH. Geophysicist Turo Ahokas has been the contact person on behalf of Posiva. As a result of this work the seismic zone locations and an estimate of their quality is gained. Also an estimate of the quality of the bedrock surface and the knowledge of the brokenness structures, their type, thickness and continuity is gained. The results of the seismic interpretations can directly be exploited in the construction planning e.g. as vertical presentations.

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2. SOURCE DATA

Few lines of the old surveys made in the 70s' are within the investigation area, i.e. lines 417-428 from the work by Geotek Oy in 1975 (Taanila 1975). All the other earlier made measurements are outside the investigation area and are therefore not considered further in this work.

The seismic velocity for the bedrock surface was determined in three layers from the measurements made on these lines. The layers are; the upper part of bedrock surface (depth range 0-6 m), deeper part of the bedrock surface (middle zone, depth range 6-12 m) and more deeper part of the bedrock surface (depth range 12-20 m). These results are presented in the previous work of Lehtimaki (2003). The lines are shown in Figure 1 with green color.

0 0 0

1525200 1525400 1525600

~r-~~~~~~~~r--Y~~~~-----¥~~------------~--------~~~~~~-4

" \D

0 0 \D

~rT~~~~~~~~~~~~r-~----~r-~~~~~------------~----~~~-4

" \D

g ~

~r-r-----~~r--m~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...... o.D

g ru ~~b-----~----r-~r-~r-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

" \D

0

8 ~~~~~~~~~----~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~=4~~----~-4

" \D

0 0

~~--------~------------~------------~~r-~~~----4H--------~~--~----~------------~~ " \D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

Figure 1. The seismic lines within the investigation area. The old lines from 1975 are shown with green, the lines measured in 2001 with red, the lines measured in summer 2002 with light blue and the lines measured in spring 2002 with dark blue col or

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Suomen Malmi Oy made its first shallow seismic refraction survey at Olkiluoto investigation area in 2001 (Thalainen & Lahti 2002). The measured lines are shown in Figure 1 with red color. All together 28 lines were measured, of which 13 were directed south-north and 15 were directed west-east.

The number of shots used per geophone array was 7 for the lines 1 - 19 and 9 for the lines 20 - 27. The seismic velocity was therefore determined from the lines 1 - 19 only for the upper part of the bedrock surface (range 0 - 6 m), while from the lines 20 - 27 the velocity was determined also for the deeper part of the bedrock surface (range 6- 15 m), when the far offset shots could be used. The geophone spacing was 5 meters and it was increased to 2.5 m in the both ends and in the middle of each array. This data was already gathered to map information in the previous work by Lehtimaki, 2003.

Suomen Malmi Oy continued refraction seismic surveys at Olkiluoto investigation site in 2002. The field work was carried out at two phases during June-December 2002 (Ihalainen 2003). The purpose of the work was to supplement the measurements made in 2001. As a result of the measurements the seismic velocities in the upper (depth range 0-6 m) and the lower part (depth range 6 - 15 m) of the bedrock surface was determined. Shots per each geophone array were 9 and the geophone spacing was 5 meters with more dense, 2.5 meters, spacing in both ends and in the middle of each array. In the digital result drawings the topography of the ground and bedrock surface are presented with the interpretations of the possible broken zones in the bedrock.

The first measurement phase consisted of 10.1 km surveyed seismic lines and was conducted in June-August 2002. The lines S28- S50 are positioned in the southern part of the investigation area and are shown in Figure 1 with light blue color. The second phase measurements consist of7.5 km seismic lines and were conducted in NovemberDecember 2002. The lines S51-S69 are positioned in the northern part of the investigation area and are shown in Figure 1 with dark blue color.

The depth resolution i.e. the accuracy of the determining the depth of the bedrock surface for the seismic refraction survey is usually 1 meter for the depths under 10 meters and 10 % for depths more than 10 meters (Ihalainen & Lahti 2002).

~-------~-----~~-------

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3. DATA PROCESSING

The data preprocessing for the old surveys made in 197 5 and 2001 are described in detail in the previous work by Lehtimaki, 2003. A short description of the processing made is explained below: The results from the measurements made in 70s' were only in printed map or table format, and the first thing to do was to digitize the data. The seismic velocities within every line were gathered to a summarizing table, where the ranges on lines were calculated to real x- and y-coordinates. This same treatment was made for the ground and bedrock surface data. As the data from the measurements made in 2001 was delivered in different digital format (AutoCAD, ASCII-tables), the only preprocessing made was to calculate the real x-, y-, and z-coordinates for the different results, like seismic velocities, ground and bedrock surface and interpreted broken zones in the bedrock, from the range on lines.

The data from the measurements made in 2002 was available in digital format (AutoCAD, Excel-tables etc.). In the resulting tables the line specific seismic velocities, attached coordinates and ground and bedrock surface coordinates were already calculated. The line specific data was gathered into a summarizing table.

3. 1. Line map of seismic velocities

After the preprocessing was performed for all available data, the next task was to update the line map of the seismic velocities. This was done using Auto CAD. The resulting map is shown in Figures 2a - 2d. Same colors for different lines are used as in Figure 1. In the map is also presented the line specific ground and bedrock surface topographies, the groundwater table where it is interpreted and the interpreted broken zones in the upper part of the bedrock. The seismic velocities for the measurements in 197 5 and for lines 1-19 from measurements made 2001 shown in the figure are from the upper part of the bedrock surface, while for lines 20-27 from the measurements in 2001 and for all lines from measurements in 2002 the velocities are from the deeper part of the bedrock surface.

3.2. Interpolation of seismic velocity

The interpolation of the seismic velocities to map presentations was done using RockWorks2002-software. The grid was interpolated separately to the velocities in the upper part of the bedrock surface (depth range 0-6 m) and to the velocities in the lower part of bedrock surface (depth range 6-15 m).

The main interpolation method used was triangulation. Here the data points are connected into triangles by imaginary lines, with one data point at each triangle vertex, and the triangles as close to equi-angular as possible. Once the imaginary network is determined, the slope of each triangle is computed from the three X, Y and Z corner points. The grid nodes that lie within each triangle are assigned a z-value based on their intercept with the sloping triangular plane (Rock Works 2002). The interpolated colored surface maps are

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presented in Figure 3 for the seismic velocities in the upper part of bedrock surface and in Figure 4 for the seismic velocities in the lower part of bedrock surface. In the figures the areas where no measured data were available are outlined. It can be seen that the velocity map in the upper part of the bedrock is more detailed and wider. The reason for this is the fact that within the line interpretations for the measurements made earlier (before year 2002) no velocity for the deeper part of the bedrock surface were determined (except lines 20-27 in measurements made 2001).

A second interpolation method tested was kriging-interpolation. Using kriging it is possible to express trends suggested in the data, so that, for example, high points might be connected along a ridge rather than isolated by bull's-eye type contours. Kriging is discussed in more detail in e.g. Isaaks and Srivastava, 1989.

The velocity maps made using kriging are shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Figures 5, 6 and 7 present the velocities in the upper part of the bedrock surface. The anisotropy is set to north-east, south-east and to north respectively. In Figures 8, 9 and 10 are presented the velocities in the deeper part of the bedrock surface with the same anisotropy as in Figures 5, 6 and 7. The figures show that the low velocity zones seem to have best continuation in figures 5 and 8 where the Kriging anisotropy is towards northeast, e.g. most anomalies in the southern and south-eastern part of the investigation area. Some anomalies also show clear trend to the two other tested directions e.g. anomaly south-west from the Korvensuo reservoir (interpreted trend I of broken bedrock, see chapter 4) that is oriented to south-east and the anomaly that starts west from borehole KR4 in the south and ends close to borehole KR1 0 in the north (interpreted trend G of broken bedrock) that is oriented almost towards north.

The bedrock surface topography is interpreted in all the seismic measurements made at Olkiluoto area. In Figure 11 is presented the updated bedrock surface contour plot. In the figure are shown only the area where new information was available leaving out the areas that have not changed from the previous version presented in Lehtimaki, 2003. In Figure 12 is presented the updated ground surface contour map, depicting part of the Olkiluoto investigation area.

3.3. Calculating velocity tomograms (RayFract)

The calculation of the velocity tomograms for the lines, where possible broken zones are visible, was done using RA YFRACT -software. It is a software package, suited for processing of seismic profiles with low, medium or high coverage. Using the so called Delta-t-V method as described by Gebrande and Miller (1985) it is possible to gain continuous depth vs. velocity profiles for all profile stations with a pseudo 2D turning ray inversion method (RayFract 2003). The profiles can be written to an ASCII file which may be processed with e.g. Rock Works etc., to produce station number vs. depth velocity maps or contour plots with velocity isolines. Delta-t-V models show the relative velocity distribution in the subsurface, i.e. systematic velocity increases (at the top of the basement) and strong velocity anomalies such as low velocity zones, faults etc. will be

7

visible in most situations. The absolute velocity values obtained may have an error of up to about 15 or 20 percent, however. Especially, the absolute values, contours and locations obtained for strong but narrow velocity anomalies may be distorted and should be considered with care. Also, directly below the surface the ground velocity obtained may be too high, especially if the receiver spacing is very wide. Using the WET (Wave path Eikonal Travel time) tomography processing it is possible to refine the Delta-t-V output to obtain more reliable absolute velocity estimates, and become less dependent on the receiver spacing. Here the wave propagation is modeled in a physically meaningful way with wave paths i.e. Fresnel volumes (also known as "fat rays"), based on an advanced first-order Eikonal solver (see e.g. Lecomte et al. 2000). As a consequence velocity anomalies such as low velocity zones and faults may be imaged with higher contrast than with conventional ray tomography. The program also supports quality control of the depth-velocity models by forward modeling of wave propagation through these models (RayFract 2003).

The selected lines for the tomographic inversion are listed in Table 1. The area within the triangle between KR4, KR8 and KR22 is under special interest, because the access tunnel for the underground research facility ONKALO is planned to start there. Especially the area in vicinity ofborehole KR8 is under special attention in the planning of the access tunnel. Therefore the selected lines are concentrated in that area. All the calculated and refined depth-velocity models are shown in Figures 13 a- i.

Table 1. The lines for calculating the velocity tomograms with RA YFRACT

Lines with south-north direction S312 S32 S33 S34 S342 S36 S362 S39 S40 7 8 9 S35

Lines with west-east direction S42 S433 S45 S452 S47 S48 10 11 12 S432 S443

In Figures 14a-c are presented 3D-views of the velocity tomograms. These figures give a 3D picture of the seismic velocity distribution in the subsurface and the top layer of the bedrock. It is possible to evaluate the continuity and the direction of the zones with the decreased seismic velocity. Also the estimate of the dip directions of the low velocity zones is obtained using these figures.

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4. INTERPRETATION

The possible fractured- and crushed zones were intetpreted in the seismic line intetpretation (Figure 2). These are classified in four groups, depending on their width and magnitude (Ihalainen & Lahti 2002 and Ihalainen 2003). In this work these zones were combined and outlined into broken zones using the intetpolated velocity maps. The topography maps for the ground and the bedrock surface, the calculated velocity tomograms and additional data from the other near-surface geophysical measurements were used to rate and evaluate the intetpretations made.

4. 1. Combination of fractured and broken zones

The low seismic velocity in the bedrock and the line intetpretations made by the measurement organization was used as a basis for the combining of the fractured- and crushed zones. According to the used velocity classification (Lehtimaki 2003), the velocities over 5000 mls represent intact or very sparsely fractured rock mass, the velocities under 5000 represent sparsely fractured bedrock, the velocities under 4500 m/s may represent broken zones in the sparsely fractured bedrock, the velocities under 4000 m!s represent the broken zones in the densely fractured bedrock and the velocities under 3500 m/s represent the broken zones in the weathered bedrock. Thus, also velocities that are over 4000 m!s should be considered as possible broken zones. The fractured zones intetpretations made in the line intetpretations are classified into four groups. Classes I and 11 represent possible narrow (under 5 m) fractured zone and classes Ill and IV represent fractured- or crushed zones with a width of 15 m or more (Ihalainen & Lahti 2002 and Ihalainen 2003). The fractured zones of class I and 11 were not considered, because of the uncertainty present in their intetpretation.

When combining the fractured- and crushed zones also the topography of bedrock surface was assessed. Also the main directions for the regional fracturing and schistosity were noticed. The results of the combinations are shown in Figure 15a and are listed in Table 2. The areas where the upper part of the bedrock surface is likely fractured are hatched. Some single fractured- and crushed zones are outside these combined areas, because there wasn't enough support from other data that would have made the combination possible (e.g. seismic velocity in the near surroundings is too high or the observation originates only from single line etc.).

The possible linear trends for the fractured zones are shown in Figure 15a. The fractured areas are not continuous, but can be considered as piecewise continuous, for example trend A in north, where a west-east trend is clear and linear anomaly is made up of two peaces. When in the Figure 15a the background is the seismic velocities in the uppermost part of the bedrock surface, in Figure 15b the background is the seismic velocities in the lower part of the bedrock surface. It can be seen that in the deeper part of the bedrock the linear trends are more discrete. An explanation to this could be that some parts of the fractured areas are only weathering on the bedrock surface or partly caused by rapid

9

undulations of bedrock surface, with no continuity deeper into rock mass. Another explanation could be that the position of the possible trend is such that the seismic wave does not penetrate it, and it is not seen in the deeper velocities. One must also keep in mind that the deeper rock velocities are not defmed for lines 1-19 measured in 2001. This lack in measurements means that these two maps are not fully comparable and the exactness of the velocities recorded deeper is not as good as for the shallow velocities in those areas. The estimations of the dip directions in Table 2 are done using these two velocity-maps, keeping in mind this limitation, and applying velocity tomograms calculated in section 3.3.

Table 2. Combined fractured and broken bedrock zones

Zone Estimate of Thickness on Soil layer Estimated Estimate Comments bedrock the ground thickness length of of dip velocity surface (ave.) (ave.) (m) anomaly (m) direction (m/s) (m)

A 3400-4000 50 4.5 650 - Peacewise continuous B 3800-4200 30 8.1 280 - Continuous, winding c 3800-4200 45 3.2 330 - Continuous, winding D 3600-4500 25 4.8 470 - Peacewise continuous E 3500-4300 35 5.2 525 SE Peacewise continuous F 3700-4300 30 2.4 465 s Peacewise continuous, winding G 3700-4200 25 4.7 380 - Peacewise continuous H 3900-4300 35 2.3 285 - Continuous I 3100-3800 20 4.5 145 - Peacewise continuous, short J-1 3600-4000 25 4.5 190 SE Peacewise continuous J-2 4000 20 6.5 310 - Peacewise continuous K 3700-4300 25 7.2 150 - Peacewise continuous, short L 3700-4100 30 4.6 210 SE Peacewise continuous M 3300-3900 45 4.8 350 SE Continuous N 3300-4000 45 5.8 200 S/SW Continuous 0 3600-4200 35 4.5 180 N Continuous

The interpreted linear trends of the broken bedrock zones with the bedrock surface contours as background information are presented in Figure 15c. It can be seen that the trends usually fall on areas where there is a depression in the bedrock surface. Though, according to e.g. Paulamaki (1996) depressions on the bedrock surface do not automatically indicate brokenness in the bedrock at Olkiluoto but it often is a consequence of the erosion differences between softer and harder rock type variations.

4.2. Reviewing results using velocity tomograms

The velocity tomograms (depth-velocity models) were calculated for 24 lines as illustrated previously and listed in Table 1. These results give an image of the seismic velocity distribution in the subsurface and in the upper parts of bedrock.

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With the help of these tomograms it is sometimes possible to determine a dip direction for points on the survey line with low seismic velocity indicating brokenness in the bedrock, as done in Table 2. This direction, however, is more of indicative in nature than a final result. The general dip direction for Olkiluoto area is south-east (SE) (Anttila et. al. 1999). The seismic interpretations support this statement.

In the figures of the velocity tomograms the intersections with the interpreted broken zones are marked. On some lines the interpretations seem to be only single potholes where the bedrock surface is more weathered than in the neighborhood e.g. zoneD on line S47 (distance 305 m) in Figure 13a, where the velocity deeper in the bedrock is not decreased compared to the surrounded rock mass. On the other hand some zones are clearly features that continue deeper into the bedrock e.g. zones Nand M on line S433 (distances 127 m and 152 m respectively) in Figure 13b, where the low velocity anomaly continue deep into the bedrock.

Generally speaking the line interpretations and the depth-velocity tomograms correlate quite well. Some differences with the line interpretations are, however, visible in the depth-velocity models. E.g. on line 10 in Figure 13g at distance about 120- 140 m there seems to be a depression in the bedrock surface with decreased seismic velocity that continues deep(> 15 m) into the bedrock. This could be a possible zone of brokenness. In the line interpretation for this line there are no indications of such a feature, the seismic velocity for the deeper part of the bedrock surface is interpreted to be 4900 - 5000 m/s. Another example of differences is on the line 12 at distance of 188 meter (figure 13h). According to the line interpretations there should be a broken zone of class Ill, and the deeper bedrock surface velocity 3600 m/s. In the depth-velocity models there is only a small pit on the bedrock surface.

4.3. Correlation of results to other interpretations

The calculated seismic velocities and interpreted possible fractured and broken zones have been compared with results of other near surface geophysical investigations such as EM- (Slingram), magnetic- and galvanic measurements. The comparison is likewise made for the modeled structures in the bedrock model version 2003/1 (Vaittinen et al. 2003). The refraction seismic results describe properties of the bedrock surface down to 30-40 meters, so only structures locating close to surface and having larger dimensions can be correlated with confidence. The intersections with the modeled structures and the bedrock surface are shown in Figure 17. Some additional results of other near surface geophysical investigations are attached to Figure 16.

The new interpretations made for the near surface geophysical measurements (Vaittinen et al. 2003) carried out in the late 80's does not correlate with the interpretations made in this work except for some Slingram anomalies that matches with the interpreted linear trends D, E, F, H, G, I, J-1 and L (figure 16). The zones of low seismic velocity correlate quite well with valleys in the bedrock surface, indicating brokenness in the bedrock.

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The bedrock surface intersections of structures in the Olkiluoto bedrock model (figure 17) do not correlate well with the interpreted linear trends of fractured zones. In the interpretation of directly observed structure R2 seismic results are used to determine the trend of structures on the ground surface. Although, R2 is interpreted to intersect investigation trench TK3 and seismic anomalies fit well with a crushed zone observed in the trench, the orientation of R2 can not be clearly noticed in the trench.

The interpretation of the structures R9 and RH24 are based on the geological properties. Both structures are directly observed in the investigation trenches TK3 and TK1, respectively. The structure R9 is also interpreted to intersect boreholes KR1 and KR5, and the structure RH24 boreholes KR9 and KR22. However, these structures can not be seen in the seismic results.

Structure RH19B is observed in investigation trench TK2. The fracturing of the structure is not significant, RH19B is more characterized by high hydraulic conductivity values. The structure is too narrow to be seen in the applied refraction seismic measurements. The structure RH80 has been connected to a fractured zone observed in the investigation trench TK3 and boreholes KR20 and KR21. The orientation of the structure is based on these observations. In the western part of RH80, the decreased seismic velocities have the same kind of trend. The borehole intersections of the structure RH26 are quite long and densely fractured. However, the structure can not be seen in the seismic results and therefore it has not been interpreted to intersect the ground surface.

The structures RH11 ALT and R56 ALT are based on the borehole observations and are - -extrapolated to the ground surface. The seismic results do not support these interpretations.

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5. CONCLUSIONS

The aim of this work was to supplement and detail the interpretations made in 2002 that were based on the seismic measurements made in 2001 and earlier together with the new measurements made in 2002. The seismic velocities in the bedrock surface, the bedrock surface topography and the indications of the broken bedrock were collected from the line interpretations to map representations. The numerical data was interpolated to colored contour maps and contour maps. The indications of the broken bedrock were outlined and combined into the broken bedrock zones using the contour maps and with the help of the seismic velocity and bedrock surface topography. Results were correlated to other available data such as Olkiluoto bedrock model and geophysical ground surface measurements made on the area.

The task included also a review of the accuracy of the initial data using numerical modeling. It was excluded from the final work and was compensated with a more comprehensive study of the seismic velocity tomograms in the area close to the planned access tunnel for the underground research facility ONKALO. The tomography review did not significant! y differ from the line interpretations. According to the velocity tomograms some of the interpreted broken bedrock points made in line interpretations seem to be limited to surficial bedrock layer, because the decreased seismic velocity does not continue deeper.

The seismic interpretations do not overall fit well with the modeled structures. One reason is that the modeled structures are mostly based on the investigations made in boreholes and in many boreholes the information starts from the depth of about 40 meters containing no surface information. The seismic interpretations seem to agree with the observations in the investigation trenches, where the bedrock surface is fairly unbroken. Also some of the Slingram anomalies correlate well with the seismic results.

The results are in a form applicable now for geological modeling use.

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure nr. Description page

Figure 1 The seismic lines within the investigation area 3 Figure 2 Seismic line velocities 15 Figure 3 Interpolated seismic velocities, upper part of

bedrock surface 16 Figure 4 Interpolated seismic velocities, lower part of

bedrock surface 17 Figure 5 Kriging interpolated upper part velocity map,

anisotropy 40 degrees 18 Figure 6 Kriging interpolated upper part velocity map,

anisotropy 130 degrees 19 Figure 7 Kriging interpolated upper part velocity map,

anisotropy 0 degrees 20 Figure 8 Kriging interpolated lower part velocity map,



anisotropy 0 degrees 23

Figure 11 Interpolated bedrock surface contour map 24 Figure 12 Interpolated ground surface contour map 25

Figure 13a-i Velocity tomograms (depth velocity models) of selected lines in the southern part of the investigation area 26-34

Figure 14a-c 3d-views of velocity tomograms 35-37 Figure 15a-c Combined fractured areas and interpreted

linear trends of broken zones 38-40

Figure 16 Bedrock surface intersections with structures in the Olkiluoto bedrock model 41

Figure 17 Bedrock surface and results from near surface geophysics 42

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REFERENCES

Anttila, P., Ahokas, H., Front, K., Hinkkanen, H., Johansson, E., Paulamaki, S., Riekkola, R., Saari, J., Saksa, P., Snellman, M., Wikstrom, L., Ohberg, A. 1999. Final disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Finnish bedrock - Olkiluoto site report. Helsinki: Posiva Oy. 206 s. Raportti Posiva 99-10.

Ihalainen, M. & Lahti, M. 2002. Refraction seismic surveys at Olkiluoto, Eurajoki during 2001. Helsinki: Posiva Oy. 73 p. Working report 2002-24.

Ihalainen, M. 2003. Refraction seismic surveys at Olkiluoto, Eurajoki during 2002. Olkiluoto: Posiva Oy. 97 p. Working report 2003-12.

Lehtimaki, T. 2003. Combined interpretation and processing of seismic refraction data at Olkiluoto. Helsinki, Finland: Posiva Oy. 41 p. Posiva Working report (in preparation).

Paulamaki, S. 1996. Geological bedrock and fracture mapping of the research trench TK2 in Olkiluoto study site, Eurajoki, southwestern Finland. Olkiluoto: Posiva Oy. 30 p. Working report PATU-96-61.

Taanila, P. 1975. Olkiluoto, seisminen tutkimus, tyo nro 6119. Geotek Oy. 6.5.1975. RM-8731.40.

RockWorks 2002. User's manual. RockWare Inc. 302 s.

Isaaks, E. H. and Srivastava, R. M. 1989. An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics, Oxford University Press, New York, 561 pp.

Gebrande, H. and Miller, H. 1985. Refraktionsseismik (in German). In: F. Bender (Editor), Angewandte Geowissenschaften 11. Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart; pp. 226-260. ISBN 3-432-91021-5.

Lecomte, 1., Gjoystdal, H., Dahle, A. and Pedersen, O.C. 2000. Improving modeling and inversion in refraction seismics with a first-order Eikonal solver. Geophysical Prospecting, volume 48, pp. 437-454.

Rayfract 2003. Rayfract online help v. 2.43. Intelligent Resources Inc.

Vaittinen, T., Ahokas, H., Heikkinen, E., Hella, P., Nummela, J., Saksa, P., Tammisto, E., Paulamaki, S., Paananen, M., Front, K. & Karki, A. 2003. Bedrock model of the Olkiluoto site, version 2003/1. Posiva Working Report. (In preparation).

0 0 0

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" \0~~~~~~--~~~~~--~~~~~~L-~~==~--L-~~L_~~~~~--~~--~~--~~--~~__j 1525200 1525600 1526200 1526600 1525800 1526400 1525400 1526000

15 Figure 2

Seismic lines, interpreted velocities fracture zones, ground, bedrock and groundwater surface

Legend:

Survey lines:

-- Geotek 1975

-- SMOY2001

-- SMOY summer -02

-- SMOY spring -02

Seismic bedrock velocities:

c:::J>4500

c:.:.-J4ooo-4soo 1!!l!!I!!l!313500-4000

- <3500

ISm or ~ Interpreted fracture- and crushed zone

-- Ground surface

-- bedrock surface

-- groundwater table

~AKKDPOVRYINFRA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 TL

0 0 0 M 0\ ,..... \0

0

1525200

0 . , ~I • I ~ • • 0\ ,..... \0

0 0 \0 ~I ; · ... ,..... \0

0 0 • ~I ' ,..... \0

0 0 (\J ~ L I r ~~

,..... \0

0 0 0 (\J 0\ ,..... \0

0

1525400 1526000 1525800 ---- ------- ---- --- -------- I I I 1 7 I I I I C F I I I I 1--

~I 0 0 I ' ' ' I ' ' ' b:!!: ' l"!!~. j I ' :'\: I ~ ' ' ' I I 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000

Interpolated seismic velocities, upper part of bedrock surface

Legend:

5000to6000

4750 to 5000

1-

4500to 4750

4250 to 4500

4000 to4250

3750 to4000

3500 to 3750

2750 to 3500

SCALE

0 100 200

.I.AAKKD POVAV INFRA JP-Fintact

30.9.200311\.

....lo.

0>

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I , ~ E~~ i_l ~ I I ~I ICR06 £/ I ~ I .... 0 0 0

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"' \0

J ~ I

I

ID (\J

~L . "' . \0 I

I

1525200

I I I

\ I I

\ 'N 'N

Interpolated seismic velocities, lower part of bedrock surface

Legend:

I

I - 5000to6000

[ I •

4750to 5000

4500to 4750

4250to4500

4000to 4250

I 3750 to 4000

3500to 3750

2750 to 3500

SCALE

0 100 200

~

........

., ce· c:

..JAAKKC POVAV INFRA I ro JP-Fintact ~

30.8.20C131Tl.

0 0 0 M 0\

" \D

0 0 (X)

1525200

~I :7 I t'ill

" \D

0 0 \D (\J 0\

" \D

0 0 v ~I aP

" \D

0 0 (\J

~ k:::• ~·. -w~w

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0 0 0 (\J 0\

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1526000

~I I I I ""'·~ my V ' 1 '===- 1 - ,._. " x: - q ' .....- ·-r I I

\D~~~~o-~~~t-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_j_j 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

Kriging interpolated upper part velocity map, anisotropy NE.

Legend:

5800

5600

5400

5200

5000

4800

4600

4400

4200

4000

3800

3600

3400

3200

3000

SCALE

0 100 200

.JAAKKD P0YRY INFRA .JI"·t-mtact

30.~ .20031Tl.

~

())

"'Tl <0" c: ro 0'1

I , 1~-~·)• l\ I .. "'J ICR06 L/ I "------'---- I I I I 0 0 0 M

0\ ~ • ~ ~~I I 1\~ 1 I " ' .. \0 '-~-.... . _.....,._.. --

~~ltiM~ I \tl

1525200

I

I

Kriging interpolated upper part velocity map, anisotropy SE.

Legend:

1 ~ 158oo 5600

5400

~5200 5000

4800

4600

4400

4200

4000

3800

3600

3400

3200

3000

SCALE

0 100 20o

I ...,I,

CO

"'Tl <C' c

.JAAKKC POVRV INFRA I CD JP-Fintact ()')

30.8.2003/T\.

0 0 0 M 0\ ,.... \0

0 0 (X) (\J 0\ ,.... \0

0 0 \0 (\J 0\ ,.... \0

0 0 V ~I ... ,.... \0

0 0 (\J (\J 0\ ,.... \0

0 0 0 (\J 0\ ,.... \0

1525200

1525200

1525400 1525800 ------- ·------ ·---·-- ·------- I I I IJ I I I I C F I I I I I ~

1526000

Kriging interpolated upper part velocity map, anisotropy N.

Legend:

5800

5600

5400

5200

5000

4800

4600

4400

4200

4000

3800

3600

3400

3200

3000

SCALE

0 100 20o

.JAAKKC P0YAY INFAA .Jt'-t-lntact

30.8.2003/n.

N 0

"T1 <C' c ro -.....!

0 0 0 ~I I '< I ,... \0

0 0 CO s-!1 I IJI ,... \0

0 0 \0 a.! I ,'· < • re ' ,... \0

0 0 V a.! I I t - b e rC e r r §I~ r --~ ·( i{ ... ~ =n .,_' ,... . 5

\0

0 0

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0 0 0

a.! I ii I I ~ F ~ I ,... \0

0 0

1526200 1526400

~~ I I 1 I I I 1 I I I c~ ~ @I !:1 j l I Is: 1 ~r I I I 1 1 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526600

Kriging interpolated lower part velocity map, anisotropy NE.

legend:

n 5800

5600

5400

5200

5000

4800

4600

4400

4200

4000

3800

3600

3400

3200

3000

SCALE

0 100 20o

.IAAKKC POVAY INFRA JP-Fintact

I N ~

"T1 <0' c: <D ())

0 0 0

1525200

~I I '< • ,.... ..0

0 0 (X)

~I l e iir-IJ .. ,.._

..0

0 0 ..0 ~I }" < I M

,.... ..0

0 0 V

1525400

~I I I -•• re ••• .!1~ - - · · •:it- . •= JI'.·~··-;r ct -,... ..0

0 0 (\J

~ L:: t 1" "="1"- c ":: .= = " if"-" 1'"11FJ ,.... ..0

0 0 0

~I ij I I ~ I W I l1 ,.... ..0

0 0

1526200 1526400

~~ I I 1 I I I 1 I I I t:Y I ·?r'l! · I J 1 I I 'L 1 ~·I I I I 1 1 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

Kriging interpolated k:7Ner part velocity map, anisotropy SE.

Legend:

5800

5600

5400

5200

5000

4800

4600

4400

4200

4000

3800

3600

3400

3200

3000

SCALE

0 100 200

.JAAKKC POVAV INFRA ... ... -r-mtact

30-~-200:YTI.

N N

11 <C" c m CO

0 0 0

1525200

~I I '< I

,..... \0

0 0 (X)

~ 1-l -~:---4-1-tif•• ,..... \0

0 0 \0 ~I , . < • !0

,..... \0

0 0 ~

1525400 1525800 ------- ------- ---- ·-- -------- I I I 1 7 I I I I C F I I I I ; a,_

~ I .~ a -. • "2 • • . !'I~ • - · •·, ' a• . =· :r• • _ • ...,. rtl ~

\0

0 0 (\J

~ ~ r•=m:= Ti " =- 1f .= = "I =·" t"41Fi ,..... \0

0 0 0 ~ I i I / QI F W I E:-• ,..... \0

0 0 m ~~-----------1--------------~--------------~--~~ .. ,..... \0~~--_.--~--~--~--~~--_.--~--~--~~=-~--~--~--~--~~~~---L--~_.~--~~~~---L~~--~--~~~~--~

1525200 1525400 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

Kriging interpolated loNer part velocity map, anisotropy N.

Legend:

5800

5600

5400

5200

5000

4800

4600

4400

4200

4000

3800

3600

3400

3200

3000

SCALE

0 100 200

.JAAKKD POYAV INFRA JP·Fintact

N (.,.)

11 ce· c: eo ..... 0

0 0 0

~I .... ·, (j L \ \\bf0> JI~ CC::::::::::::: :s.2\lc~ ~~~( l f ll ; 't l \ \ lf<s::D, ~ ==--= <1:::::: I '"' t,D

0 0 (X)

~ I fz • J ~'lH~JA*'c:;; 9'~:.'M E I 0 J I I'AI&A I 6? ~ I et=) / "',C' d' < t· I ' d I

'"' t,D

0 0 1.0 ~I /::..}<""""""'" I ....._ : "d '( c ~' > _., f P. ,,...- ' ':..., < ~he >n <:s:r 'f"'Pt;;" '=f==IJ> d · I " 't..0 -..' < cfC:J

'"' t,D

0 0 V

~ I a I " ' HI' oM"'w ...... t \ \.,... .....-= ' "'1CC&rkft . Yrfr,, l I \ t '"' t,D

0 0

~~~~~l__j ff/ (' "4:: -l '~( U \vf ~ '"' t,D

1525200 1525400 1525800

Interpolated bedrock surface contour map, 1 m contours.

Legend:

Contour coloring

--16 -- -1

--15 -- -2

--'4 ---3

-- -4

--12 -- -5

--11 ---6 --10 -- -7 --9 ---8 --8 -- -9

-- 7 ---10

--6 ---11

--5 __ .. --3

--2 -- 1

--0

SCALE

0 100 200

.JAAKKC POYAV INFAA .w-t-mtact

30.~.200311\.

N ~ ·

"Tl <C" c ro ....llo.

....llo.

C) C) C)

1526000

~I ~ I' \,~~ I \ '>- ..... ~f":S::::/' <: 1/ " ~<: I ", l I 7 "> 'C:::>: ....... \ I 1 I' ID

C) C)

m ~I . ' '<4 l I' ID

C) 0 V ~I I ( 1k l \ \ '~ •Did }~ H" ~ f I 4 I' ID

C) C) C)

~I , ............. ~~ / 1/ \ \\\\ I' ?S:Id _ / 1 ) rr IJ>-< ~ I '• / \Jl I '"==, I "'d I' ID

1525200 1525400 1525800 1526000

Interpolated ground surface contour map, 1 m contours.

legend:

Contour cololing

-- 7 -- 6

--15 -- 5 --14 --4 --13 -- 3 --12 --2 __ ,,

--1 --10 --0 __ g

-- 8

SCALE

0 100 200

.JAAKKD P0YAY INFRA ., .... ,.,ntact

30.Q.2003(Jl

N (.]1

"Tl <0" c ro ...J.

N

26 Figure 13a

Velocity tomograms (depth-velocity models, lines S47 and S48.

Line S47 (0-550 m) G E D

Line S47 (550-990 m) J-1 K

Line S48 J-1

Line locations on map

0

~~-----+------------~----~~~-----,~~~~,_~ ~

0

~~-----+------------~--------~~---------+~~----~------------~ ~ _,

0

~~-----+------------~------------~---------+------------,_----~----~---------+------------~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1:12:!200

27 Figure 13b

Velocity tomograms (depth-velocity models, lines S42, S433 and S452.

Line S42 M N

Line S433 N M

Line S452


0

~r-----~----~~--~~~--~~--~=--+~ ~

0

rur-----r-----~r-----~~-----+--+----+-------r~ ~ 0,0

8 ~r-----r-----~r------1--~~-+--~---*-------r-------r-------r~ 0,0

0

~r-----r-----~r------1-------+-------+--~r--r-------r-------r~ 1525200 1525400

28

Velocity tomograms (depth-velocity models, lines S36, S39 and S40.

Line S36 M

Line S39 N M

Line S40 N M 0


0

'or ru~--~~~--~----~~----~~~~=-~~

~

0

~~----r-----~~----~~-----+--~--~------~~ ~

0

~~----r-----~~----_,-------+------~--~--~~----~------,_~ 1:52:5200 1:52:5400

Figure 13c

29 Figure 13d

Velocity tomograms (depth-velocity models), lines S35, 9 and S362.

Line S35 L

Line 9

Line S362 K


0

~~------+----------~---~~~-------,~---~~---~~ ~

1:52:5200 1:52:5400

30 Figure 13e

Velocity tomograms (depth-velocity models), lines 7, S34 and 8.

Line 7 E

Line S34

Line 8 J-1

.., so


0 ... ru~------+-----------r------~~-------,~r-~~---+-~

~

8 ~~------+-----------r----------+------~~r--=~-----~+----,_---~----+---------~~ to

l:'i2:'i200 1525~00

31

Velocity tomograms (depth-velocity models), lines S312, S32 and S33.

Line S312

Line S32

Line S33 H


C) .. rur-----r-----~----~~----~~~r=~-r~

~

E G

~r-----r-----~------~~-----+--~-+-r------~~ >.D

C)

Cl)

~~----~----~-------+-------+~----~--~--~------~------~

~~~~1~=2~~~~0~~~~2~~~00~~~~7-~~~~~7.=~~~~==~~~~~~~~

Figure 13f

E

32 Figure 13g


Line 10 L

Line S432

Line 11 G


0

~~----+-------~----YH~-----,~--~~--+-~ ~

C>

~~----r-----~r-----~~----~--+----+-------+~ g:: \D

§ ~r-----t--------r-------t----~~--------t-------~----~-t------~r1 \D

1525200 1525400

33

Velocity tomograms (depth-velocity models), lines S443, S45 and 12.

Line S443

Line S45

D& ~ J E G

Line 12


0

.... rur-----r-------+---~~~----~~-r~~,_~

~

0

~r-----r-------+------+~~~--+--+----;-------~~

8 ~r-----r-------+-------+-~~--+-~=---~----_.~~~~~-------+~ (D

1:12:5200

Figure 13h

Velocity tomogram (depth-velocity model), line S342.

Line S342 J-1

5

0

- 5

-10

-15

- 20

-25

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Line location on map

I I I \\ UREl '"' '..! l ~"n I I

I:._ """"

..... . -

g

~I I I I I I I \ I I I I 152:5200 152:54011 • --- ------- ·------ t ·------ ·--· ·-- ·------

ao 90 100 110

VJ .+;:..

"'T'j oq"

~ ........ VJ -·

Velocity tomograms (30 view), lines on western side of investigation area.

Southwest view

Northwest view

4;:

Southeast view


VJ 01

11 I I I I I ~I \ I F- I ~ Yl' I I cg·

ro ....lio.

~ DJ

Velocity tomograms (30 view), lines on themiddle of investigation area.

Southwest view Southeast view

/ Northwest view Line locations on map

~

1:5~200 1:5~4-00 1:5~r.oa 1:52:5800 1:526000 1:526200 1:526400 1526600

. w 0>

11 ce· c ro ....Jt.

~ 0"

Velocity tomograms (3D view), lines on eastern side of investigation area.

Southwest view

Northwest view

Southeast view


w -.....J

, <C" c ~

CD ...lo.

~ 0

0 0 0 M (1\ ,.... \0

0 0 (X) N . (1\ ,.... \0

0 0 \0 N (1\ ,.... \0

0 0 • ~I ,.... \0

0 0 N

1525200

NI ~ ---~ - a t ..... I :::r: t1

\0

0 0 0 N (1\ ,.... \0

0

1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 -------- I I I li7 I I I I C F I I I I l W

~I . . I . . . I . . . t:="~- I S::~ J I . :\: I ~ . . . I I 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

Comined fractured areas and interpreted trends of broken zones. Upper seismic velocities

5000to6000

4750to 5000

4500 to4750

4250 to4500

4000 to 4250

3750 to 4000

3500 to 3750

2750 to 3500

Fractured bedrock surface

~ Linear trends of fractured zones

SCALE

0 100 200

.JAAKKD P0YAY INFRA .,,.._t-mlact

3.10.200JIT1.

w (X)

.., <C" c: ro ~

01 Q,)

0 0 0

El a \0

0 0 (X)

~I 11 r: ,.... \0

0 0 ~ ~I I 'k \\ IRIB t ,.... \0

0 0 (\J

~L::: I :Jc:: I I>' ,.... \0

0 0 0

~~----~~-+------------~~------~ ,.... \0

0 0 (X) ~I I I I ..,......-~ ~ , ~ \ I 'i="= I ~ r I I

\0~~~~)--~~~t-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~j_J 1525200 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

Comined fractured areas and interpreted trends of broken zones. Lower seismic velocities

5000to6000

4750 to 5000

4500to4750

4250to4500

4000to4250

3750to 4000

3500to 3750

2750to 3500


~ Linear trends of fractured zones

SCALE

0 100 200

.JAAKKD POVAV INFRA •. n"'·r-mtact

3.10.2003ffi.

(..V CO

11 ce· c: <D ~

01 C"

~[ o/ { l \~ I

I \

Combined fractured areas and interpreted trends of broken zones. Bedrock surface contours.

legend:

Contour coloring

--16 -- ·1 --15 -- -2 --14 ---3

--3 ---4

--12 -- -5 --11 ---6 --10 -- -1 -- 9 ---8 --8 -- -9

-- 1 ---10 __ e ---11

--5

--" --3

--2

--1

--0


~ linear trends of fractured zones

SCALE

0 100 20o

.IAAKKD POVAY INFRA JP-Fintact

3.10.2003/1\.

I ~ 0

11 <C" c: <D ....llo.

(J1 0

1525200 1525400 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600 •1Jr/~.~JP~•r/~>~~/~,sr7r.1~1 ~1 •~,--~•~\~\~\~K~\~\~~~~~~-w-~~p~-,_ ~l~\~\~~-r•~~~•r-~1~111 ...

0 0 0

~~ c·'>2'l1 <"~tf@ )" _c:::::3 ~~~~

0 0 (X)

~I 0::: • :» .... <=""I'N H~ -~c:>'T't\'<~ _~ 1 U 7 1 1\\to/ '.I;'"X':eGdl ("F) f 'le 'LF' c •'* ' ,..... \0

0 0 0 (\J 0\ ,..... \0

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

Bedrock surface and results from near surface geophysics.

Legend:

Contour coloring

--- 16 --15 --14

--3

--12 --11

--10

-- 9 -- 8

-- 7 --6

--5 --4

--3 --2

-- 1

--0

-- -1

-- -2 -- -3

---4

-- -5

---6 -- -7 ---6

-- -9

---10 ---11

Linear trends of fractured zones

Ill Slingram conductors

- - - - Aeromagnetic

- - - - Surface magnetic

- - - - Charged potential

SCALE

0 100 200

.JAAKKD POVRV INFRA ,w-t-mtact

3.10.200311\.

~ ~

"'Tl <0' c: m ~

0)

o c » ~"" ~ c: I \ I I gl I } '>,~I {4> ~11 ((' { 0 ) ( l'.tlL1Jit -x&J I e=h I J <. < • < ~ < • , 6 ; c::; t ,.... \J)

C)

C) r ) ft"E7 C> I • I >'~::<:> <' < er~ \J) ~ • ) p '( '--1' .... ' I ' c ..__ F ii="l' ./ f// _ M:i

\J)

C) C)

~ bia,~'\)}\}~) :J ff')" L~ .JJ~•.,AiJxk,(""~ ,.... \J)

C) C) C) (\J 0\ ,.... \J)

!b1 ~~~1*1~~- ~. ~~~ij~~~~~~ 1525200 1525800 1526000

Bedrock surface intersections with structures in the Olkiluoto bedrock model. Bedrock surface contours.

Legend:

Contour coloring

--16 --15

--14

--3

--12 --11

--10

-- 9 --8

-- 7 --&

--5 --4

--3 --2

--1

--0

-- -1

-- -2

-- -3

---4

-- -5

---6 -- -7 ---8 -- -9

---10 ---11

Linear trends of fractured zones

SCALE

0 100 200

.JAAKKD POVAV INFRA ,w -t-mtact

3.10.2003/TL

~ N

11 ce· c: <» ~

........

0 0 0 (Y)

0'1

" \()

o· 0 (X) (\J 0'1

" \()

N 0 0

ce~ l~ l -0'1

" \()

~ 0 C)

"'t' ru 0'1

"

1525200 1525400 1525600

- - -·--- - - ------ -

111111 ~' ::£21:: Ill ..I - ~::3.1. ......._ •

1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400

-- .- ----.------ --- - -

.? ~ ~ .,~u ~~ ~ \1 ""_/· ' 1~ ). ' - ~ a;.

I ~ J:!I IL !I !I I I

\OL r-----. ~ l l \ / r _? --·- ) .~_-. ,_. .. ••jjiF• ...- · 1'1.~

0 0 (\J

~I ' -

" \()

0 0 0 ru 1----Y-H 0'1

" \()

0 0

~~--------~------------~-------------r--0'1

" - ~ \()

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400

1526600 I I '4

I ~

' I I

~

7 ~ I

/ I I I

1526600

I

I

16

Interpolated seismic velocities,

upper part of bedrock surface

Legend:

5000to 6000

4750to 5000

4500to 4750

_j

,,,::·1 4250to 4500

I 4000to 4250

tP-1 3750to 4000

3500to 3750

2750 to 3500

Figure 3

..JAAKKO POVAV INFRA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 TL

C) C) C)

1525200 1525400

~I I 'c W A'

t"-

"'

C) I- p

C)

00 (\j (]"' t"-

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,.,.. :::;;;;;..

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f~-I · ~ MU

1525600

"·=- -· I

....... .. _ , " ~

__ , __

ru I I ~-- ---- :, - - - .,_ _- - - ;r --- *=11i=;t-,-_' (]"' t"-

"'

C) C) C)

ru I _. I . .. F '" I I ' .a. (]"' .. ) .. t"-

"'

C) C)

00 'v

~ ~-----------+----------------~----------------+-~ t"-

1525800

-· --

m m

1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600 I I '4

I .. ol ....... ....... ....... I I '\ I I

tRlu ~ I :;. ~=· - D~~" !I ,,

I I ..... ....... " I I

...!. ____ l':sll ~ -- / I I I

"' ~--~--~~~~~~--~--~--~--~--~--~--~--~--~--~--_. __ _. __ ~~-L---L---L~~--~--~--~--~~~--~--~--~--~--~ 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

I

I

I

17

Interpolated seismic velocities,

lower part of bedrock surface

Legend:

5000 to 6000

I 4750 to 5000

4500 to 4750

_ I

- 4250 to 4500

I 4000 to 4250

1\!Bifl 3750 to 4000

3500 to 3750

2750 to 3500

Figure 4

~AAKKDPOVAVINFAA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 TL

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200

I ~....,,t;~~-~ ~ \ I _ ... ~l K~o& y I ~ C> C)

, 0 . (Y)

' ~l rr .· •• t ~ .-- ·;r·' - . j#jJ ~ I I

g~ ~~ , 00 , ru I ' 0" ~ I I ,M M §WSI' =ij! ·1' Jiliif: · /f ·Mkl :"!.· ;[-•.c:[ J ·# &:;: , iUJl,Q l 1'·4)£ _.& . £ 4 "' "l ' " \()~ . _ ..

·= - ~-- , . I ""'''I I ........... I '- ........

or- f ----~--- .. .... • .. .... .-..:: .~ .... ! r ,, IEDj // If 11 I C)

, "'I hM E f'*Mr"lQ. _\ "'"11-: I fl. If I , (\J 11 )} /

' 0"

~ V l rf" 'l ....... __ ~ I

C). ----·-· . .............. .----~ '-a---- ~ ~- ..--- ~

C)

' VI . ru 'If t.lll'~ J .• . LlfiL' ·Z-+&ft .l -JZJt~--~MSWi:·!~lJ~Fk: ·.S# ' ' 0"

~~ C) C)

, (\J , (\J ' 0"

" \0

C) C> C)

: ~,_..........,. _

" \0

C) C)

, 00 ~ ~-----------+----------------~----------------+--K~~

" ~ --1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200

1526400 1526600

I I I I

~\ ~ I I

I \ I 1

I \ I I ........ I I '. I

" k """ """ I I

I '-- - ' ~ ::::::: I I

I ~ "-k"- J

- .

/ I I

1526400 1526600

I

I

I I I

I

I

I

I

18 Figure 5

Kriging interpolated upper part velocity

map, anisotropy NE.

Legend:

1- 15800

5600

5400

. 5200

I l--5000 I

I 4800

4600

--4400

I ~4200

--4000

3800

- 3600

--3400

-3200 3000

~AKKDPOVRYINFRA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 TL

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200

I ~-1~·-tlt:} •• 1 Q ; ~ t I ~ ' ~I KI<Ub f./ I "-----!--_ 0 0

, 0 · (Y)

· ~l ~ I I

g~ I r~ l -s#j~·}rr.,._;::~s:;r··~ :~--~~ ~ ~ I

rj . , ~ 1 r - /'i l - .. •- " • ,. •

, CO , ru I ' ()"' . , . ·~ - ~ •!ifi¥:,Sili« . :Yl """" ""l """ ~""'--

....o ... ~ ·l ~

.I l

,1~ - --

0~ -0

. -vI , C\J I ll~~"· ' ()"'

~~ t~ ,

r r--I ' L

0 0

, (\J , (\J ' ()"'

~""'--0...0

0 0 0 (\J~ ()"' 1""'-....0

0 0

_'I B I""JlJlr" .. -. I --.....

- E LF 'nit 4 n.- ":: ,,... , a a :wz_ .. , "t. -aq . = le . I .. . ' :\ ~ ; If 11 71 ""='-·

I l!l.,.Plj~ ;,\1:-.r ~ ..,..~~"!' .a a ·11- ·-; t· r:~ Llb f 11 //__, 11

-~ ~~-- .,.~l ~ ~ -..~ i " r• • f. f., '0 LtJ::E:..'WiirM+ ,...._._ -~

~·------ ~ . · -:w . . .

.. '-:JjiA; ' -

· .. , .. ·· ~ - '~ . "\. ·. -. . I o .

' ~ I I I I '~"' , -.. 1""'--

I ""- .......

I

I

I

1526400 1526600 I "4

I I I I

1\ ~ I I

I \ I I I \ I I

....... I I '- I

~ ~~ I I

I ::::::..:::::::. ~ <:::: cz c I I

I ~ 'l~J

I 0

/ I I

I I \ I I I \ I

....0 ~

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

I

I

I I I

I

I

I

I

I

I

19 Figure 6


map, anisotropy SE.

Legend:

I 15800

5600

5400

. 5200

I ~5000

I I 4800

4600

--4400

I ~4200

--4000

3800

- 3600

--3400

.3200

3000

~AKKDPOVAVINFAA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 TL

I 0 0

, 0 o (Y)

- ~l

g~ , CD . ru I ' (j'l

"' \D ....

gr-, \0 . ru I ' (j'l

"' \D V

0 .... 0

' -.;t l , ru ' (j'l

~~ 0 0

. ru

. ru ' (j'l

"' \0

0 0 0 (\j (j'l

"' \[)

0 0

, CD

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200

I ~ - ~ KI<Ub hf I ~

~--~\~-! ' ~ I I

~. J .s~~~-~-~~~ rill'···il·~~, , ---r- ~;fl ·it~ ~ ~ I ~~~y~:<- - ,~·. 7fU ;· ~*,? J!t~=r-. ~ ~r ~ - ~ • . . ~ . ir ... ~

Jl ........._, .. 1.-' .:lil• ... , •·-tl t :m /41filli L:-t j _:a_ 1 11 /"r_bd!l/~ Wt. rf.illt'f.l' 1:1 I "'-..-"" """"" .., , ~ ·- I I - !1 1 -- i .... - ........ I '-. .....

J • • • , • • , 11 ,. _.-,f tii IIJil. "-

ILL .. I IJI ,, ··~j 11 If I! I

,,1 ~WD.&J4 y··· lf1Af1 {! iJ l./ I

~ ~- I ) r lf":·:,J~ . .....- ) .~ .... 'W[ . ... ... -~ I

.. -. - ---=- - -- ' -. ·--_IL_

,

1526400 1526600

I I I I

1\ "' I I

I \ I l I \ I I

...... I '-

'l. ~~ I I

I ~ '""" I I "- ...... '

I ~ '-L~ I

I I

/ I I

I

0:: I I I I cM ~ rl'f ru~ >' \ I \==-= I -=5"' i2Ff' I

"' \[J~~~~~~--~~~~~--L-~~~~~L-~~~~--L-~~L_~~~~~--~~--~~--~_L __ L__l__j 1525200 1525400 1526600 1525600 1525800 1526200 1526000 1526400

I

I

I I

I

I

I

I

20 Figure 7


map, anisotropy N.

Legend:

1- 15800

5600

5400

. 5200

I ~5000

1

4800

4600

--4400

I ~4200

--4000

3800

- 3600

--3400

-3200 3000

.IAAKKD PIOVAV INFRA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 Tl

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200

I 1 ~~~:.L 1 • I ~ KRU6 hf I ~ I ... 0 0 0 (Y)

~l 1 ""'~~ i ~ I I

g~ ~ !L ~~~ I 00

~I J I ( .-:.. D &;A & i d&l · ] · d , IUIM x ' I 'I L •• "- 'L -,

I"--"-.£)._ • ,I I I ... ==~---- - -· ·· = ·- ' .. .. I

or- J I ·-- ~ ~" ., • . J • • ~~~ ·'· ,. I , i l I 'tl 11 11 11 0

?el ~~- ~ ;n ~~- _:-'l't' ---.--w \--~~- ~ ~· -.; .. ·• • -~ .a -- ' l!f. - - 1§.'¥«:;?' !1. (}'o

7 1 ........ 11

CD v ~ ~ I I ' l &M r l 1'-. ]"'"~; j' ·li«;,l;...:;.;-rtl.• M:-. -~

0~ - - --. - -. ·-0 VI C\J I: , ~L... J ..... -~,- .... --11 ~- l - .... .l.. L ;;.._11... -~1e •• ~l J , llRPff JL--al (}'o

~~ 0 0 C\J C\J (}'o I"--"-.£)

0 0 0

l L

C\J I - I f ~ F •w ' I ~ · (J\ Y J Y 1

r--.. "-.0

0 0

......._ I '-...

17 I

ll f) ..- I

I

~I I I I "' I F . MP ' ... " I I I · 0\ • ::r n.J ~ ( \ --

1"--

........

1526400 1526600 I I "4

I I I I

~\ "' I I

I \ I l I \ I I

........ I I "- I

""- ~ ~ I I

I ......__

~:::::. I I < <. <::

I ~ "1-...~J

. .

/ I I

'-..0~-L--~~--~--~-L--~~--~~~~--==~--~~~~--~~~~~--~~~~--~~--~~~~--~~~~~ 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

I

I

I I I

I

I

I

I

21 Figure 8

Kriging interpolated lower part velocity

map, anisotropy NE.

Legend:

1-r5800

5600

5400

. 5200

I l-5000 I

I 4800

4600

--4400

r l-4200

--4000

3800

- 3600

--3400

-3200 3000

.JAAKKD POVAV INFRA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 TL

22 Figure 9

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600 I I 4lii


map, anisotropy SE.

0 0 0 (Y)

I 1 ~ ~~Ialllil 1 ~ I ... ~ KRo6 /J I "----+--.. I I I I I Legend:

~l 1 ~ i ~ I I ~\ "" I I I 1--15800

5600

5400

g ~ ~ :~ ~ ~ ~ I I \ I -1 I ._5200 CD

~I ; I c: /i il . 11:, ~ :1 - '-L-iti£ 'I L I! \1 'I L 11 ""' 'l "" I \ I I I I ~5000 ,...... \[) ... ~ · I I - = = = -- - . -- I 11 • • I ---...._ I ......._ ......._ ...... I I ' I I I I 4800

4600

g i J I U ll41 ..- 3 r.1 . I , & W4 ,_\"t, W , _ Y ..-- i l I 11 11 11 11 17 I ""'k ~ ~ I I I --4400

(B I ~~-- ~ i<i ._nr .. u•·~·- \-... • •z · '• ·• SS '1:!1= -- 'i l!t.... ls.l!fC£1 !! l I I :-:. :-:. :-:. I I I ~---1 4200 (]\ 7 ' < • ,- 11 t:::LA4J . - ·'- - ... I l r, "" < "<.. C::::::: J

~ V • ~ I I ' r ~ "- ~--1 1'-ZC r~*e'lhr •wj.,.;;. H '*"'--~ I I ~ "l ~.1 I --4000

3800

0 ~ - - - - . - ~- - , . - 3600 0

~I ' , 1~ - J- --~1- ---11 ;. l . -L. ~ --· '- -1 -.1e-:-:d-1V"t'' ~ 1 '"113: / I I I --3400 CJ'o

~ ~ 1 1 ~ ~, ~ • \ :r ~2• -~¥1"· ·i: .6:a~:-l&ii· ·t:~~- / 1 1 1 1 •3200

0 0 ru ru CJ'o ,...... \[)

0 0 0

r ~ ~- ---~- - - ~r ---;r ~:;sr::Jt1fil~~-'1:t'i~AW:~ / I \ I I

ru 1 - 1 ' ~ r '" ' 1 • .... <J' V I '¥ 1 ; _

,...... \[)

3000

0 0 CD

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~ ~------------~------------------~------------------~--~~ ,...... 30.6.2003 TL

\{)I I I I I I I I I I I I ~ I I I I I ,.-r==: I I I \ I I I I 1 :f:-:: I 1 1 I J I

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

23 Figure 10

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600 I I 411111


map, anisotropy N.

C)

0 0 ("')

I 1 , ... ~ .. :~L 1 ~ I ... ~ KI<Ub /./ I ~ I I I I I Legend:

~ l 1 \ i ~ I I ~ \ "" I I I 1~-- 1 5800 5600

5400

g~ ' l\ ·s41~4-t 1-,·ttlt- ,(. ,l~~~.:f.t \ !L ~ ~ ~ I I \ I 1 I ._5200 (X)

~~r~J~---;I~l~~~-~,.~I .. £~·;·~~ .... ~1E~,~~~~~A~-.~--~i;--.r ~~~L~~Jf .. _Q~, ~J¥~i~\~l ~~~~L~-*•a------~"~~'t~"~------~~--------~~\~1~1 I I ~5000 f".. \0 ._ "! i • - - 1 n • • I ......_ I ......_ ..,_ ......_ I I '- I I I I 4800

4600

g i J I E E L r' ·"1 . . M ~ 1¥!§1 ., =: & · P > 11 I l l 11 // 11 17 I ~ ~ ~ I I I ~4400 \0 ~I Ji== x ~ 0 ' ' 1" '1' P'I4 \~L.I : il= 7 ,;. ""'9' '!1!.~ • • t 1¥-• 1\'Wc;{' 11 11/ I I ' , " ," , I I I 1- l-4200 f".. \0 V • >.... I I ' ' ~ /l '""" 1 .. ;.b!! . 2it' '8 .tt;,.~" 1 ••t......_ ~ I I ~ "l ~ I I --4000

3800

0 '- .. I • '- • ._ . n \. - . I t ·~ I I I I I - 3600 0

~ L_l ___ ml 1~-J ••• J.1 •• _.11 ~ l • ..,J... ... ~ .... ;L-. .;.~J FtfiJ·'·.L~;tl.i ~· / I I I ~3400 0'1

~ ~ 1 I I \ I I • 3200

0 0 (\J (\J 0'1 f".. \0

0 0 0

r ~ I I \ I I

ru, - • , ~ r "' ' 1 EA 0' • ) . ,

f".. \0

3000

0 0 (X)

~ r--------------r------------------~------------------~--~L---

.JAAKKD I=IOVAV INFAA JP-Fintact

f'- 30.6.2003 TL

\[) I I I I I I I I I I I I ~ I I I I I ~ I 1 1 \ 1 I 1 f t:=f:=, I 1 1 1 I I

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600 rw~.-Ti~- ---~.~-~c~-~.,nr.;r..~. ~ .• ~..---..~. ~- ~- ~ •. ~. ~- -. ~·----=-~--~-~,---~.~-,,--~.~-~·r---~j ,~

g~ ~ ~Cl(J))\~-~-Ifl( ~\ \\~ (")

0'\

to~ ?__)(~~ · (o~ --~~Y I I 1\ ~ \ \ '---. I~ ~ l

~[ N o~~:;g) . l > \tl ~ \ ~

C) · o / @ ~ 0 . ~· -~ --..___ ~-

C) Q

/\ ...0 (\J ....._

0'\

~ \ · ,......

/ ...0

" f ... ~' 1. I \ I \ " -" _.,. I ...... I , - ._.. '\. " I • ,..--... I .- I \ ' I I ' I I ' I I I

C) C) .q-(\J 0'\ ,...... ...0

C)

C) . \ \ \ ' I ( . IO.......... 1 ~I ,%flff/~ :::;::::t:;;;: <"">''' < < \\ , ""'" 0'\ ; ,...... ...0

~~ ~~ ~\~~· · ! ! ~ ~ ~ ±=~~=~ o..{) I

1

1526600 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400

24 Figure 11

Interpolated bedrock surface contour map,

1 m contours.

Legend:

I Contour coloring

1 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -0

--1 --2 --3 --4 --5 --6 --7 --8 - - 9 --10 --11

.JAAKKD POVAY INFAA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 TL

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400

g~ ~~~~~KRO~~ ) I C) ('I')

c:J'

~L ~~"~ ~-- - 't>-J~ ) l ---, \ -,

25 Figure 12

1526600 I "4

Interpolated ground surface contour map,

1 m contours.

Legend:

__L> I \1 I Contourcoloring

\ ~I I -17 -7 -16 -6 -15 -5 -14 -4

~[ ~Yj~ ~~ ~~ -13 -3 -12 -2 -11 -1 -10 -0

I ) J I ~ ) JV 1 ~ I \ ~o\ v - r\ \~ _ "-1/Uf~ I ""' ~ ~ ~ 0 0 \() ru c:J'

" \()

0 0 'V ru I ' \ \ 1 1 I J ;> \

" \()

0 0 0 ru 1 .r ~' c:J' J } ,

" \()

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400

- 9 -8

I I I

1526600

--1

.JAAKKD JIOVAV INFRA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 Tl

Velocity tomograms (depth-velocity models), line 847 and 848.

Line 847 (0-550 m)

-~

-. ..,

Line S47 (550-990 m)

I <:::> <:::>

Line S48

5

0

- 5

- 10

- 1 5


Cl 0 '<t"

:::;z:

~~..--.

2 0 4 0

~I I .,, \ \ IER$ kRI Fl I J '"'~' I ,..... \0

0 Cl

~ <=><=>

50

~~~ I l/ ' I \ I J ,..... \0

Cl

6 0 7 0

~I l I I '-...,. I t'" 11 I / I I I ,..... \0

Cl

~I .. I ... I . . L . , I , , J l , =:I: I ~I , , , I I 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 . ~~~ ~~~ • ~~ ~ ~~~ ·~~, • ~~ • ~~, ~~

9 0

N ())

-n ce· c: .., CD ~

(..) Q)

Velocity tomograms (depth-velocity models), lines S42, S433 and S452.

Line 842

- 1

Line 8433

0

- 10

-20

- 30

0

Line 8452

0

- "10

-20

- 30

I 50

.- -------100 150


0 0 '<r ~~ I "1..... \\ IERBi oce1 d I I ,,,,~ .... I

" Ul

0

I I I "' --IT7;~--~~~~II , ... , I

........__ ~ T --1 200 250

I ....

~I I I I I " ..,. I r 11 I , , I I f'., \[)

l525200 1525400 1525900 l52t,OOO 152t,200 152t,400

300 I -

350

1\) ~

"'Tl ca· c: .., <1) ~

w C"

Velocity tomograms (depth-velocity models), lines 536, 539 and 540.

Line S36

5

0

- 5

- 10

- 1 5

-2

-2

Line S39

0

- 10

- 2

-30

- 40

50

Line S40

0

- 10

-20

-30

50


0 0 (\j

100 1 50

~I I r-- I I I , <.D • -.... \ I

0 0

200

200

I ...

250

250

~I I I I I ' 1 r ll I !:0 ..... / I I

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

300

300 350

1\.) 00

"T1 c5' c .., <D ~

(.,.) 0

Line 835 "'10

0

- -to

-::2 0

-3 0

0 50

Line 9

5

0

-5

- 10

- 15

Line 8362

0

- 10

- 20

- 30

20


0 a <t

100 150 200

40 ao

~ I ~""' \ \ I(R Bl 0 U .J J I Mn I

" ~

Cl 0 (\J

~I I

" ~ I I .l V I I ... ' I

::250

1 20

I ~

300

140

a I " ' I I 0 I "' ~ I r 11 ., " ~I I I < (1\

" ...0

l525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 l526000 1526200 1526400

350 400

160 180

1\) (0

, ce· c .., C1> ~

w c.

Line 7

10

5

0

-5

-10

-15

- 20 L,-0

Line S34

10

5

0

- 5

- 10

Line 8 10

5

0

-5

-10

- 15

- 20

1 0

100

1 50


200 300

100 150 200

0 Cl '<t ~I I ~"'" \ \ IERBi Q .... J l I '"''.,- I 1'IJ)

250

Cl 0 (\j

rul 1 ~ I I I / v I \ -.D "' I I I ~

0 Cl

400

r 300

~I l I I I '""" · I r 11 I I / - · · I I 1'\D

0

500

' 350

~I .. I . , . I . , , L .. I . J l . I Cs;::l ... I I L525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 L526000 1526200 ·--- ·-- -------

I 400

600

T 450

w 0

"Tl <CS' c: .., CD ..... w CD

Line S312

0

-10

-20

- 30

Line S32 5

0

- 5

- 10

- 1 5

- 20

Line S33 "10

0

- "10

- 2 0

- 30

----------, 0 5 0 100 1 5 0 200 2 50


0 a '<t" ~ I I "'f \ 1 I!R Fh I 1 I "''n I ,..._ 1..0

0 0 ru ru ~

~ ,..._ ~

0 0 0

~~-----~~~-------------+--------------~~~--------d-----~~~---*-------------+--~~~------~------------1-__, ,..._ 1..0

~I . . I . . . I . . . L . . I ~ . J I , I: I :-=::-,...1 . . . I I 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

3 00 3 5 0

(..) ...l.

-n ce· c ..., CD ...... (...) .....,

Line 10 1 5

10

5

0

-5

- 10

- 1 5

L,_ 0 50 1 .00 150 2 00 2 50

Line S432

10

5

0

-5

- 10

- 1 5

-20

0 5 0 100 1 5 0 2 00 250 3 00 3 400 4 5 0

Line 11 10l ' I I 2

5

0

-5

-10

- 1 5

-2 0

-25-l--------~--------~----~~--~------~--------~------~--------~--------~--------~


0 0 '<t" ~ I I "'i.., \ 1 I(RFh I 1 I ""n I I

" IJ)

0 0 ru ~ ru ~

" ~

0 0 0

~~----~-4------------+------------r~~----~~~--~~----~-----------t--~--~----r-----------;-~

" IJ)

0

~I . . I . . . I . . L . . I . J I . I: 1:-:::-;: I . . I I t525200 1525400 1525£.00 1525800 t52f.OOO t526200 - . -- -----

w N

'T1 ea· c ..., <D ~

VJ cc

Line 8443

5

0

- 5

'"10 :20 30 40 50 GO 70 ao 90

Line S45 10

0

- 10

-20

- 30

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Line 12

I 5

0

- 5

- 10

-15

-20

-25 -.--0 so 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450


0 a '<t ru

~I I 1'- &.\ I ---1 I a I / I! I (.t) I (.t)

C)

0 (\j (\j (]\ r-... ..0

Cl C) C)

ru

~L / I I . I "" I \ 11 ......__ 1/ I I I 11 <0. c: .., <D

~[ 'v I I I I ~~~ I I I -J.

w (]\ ::J r-... \()

L525200 1525400

Velocity tomogram (depth-velocity model), line S342.

Line 8342

5

0

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

0 10


0 0 '<;f"

20 30

~I 1 c: \\ I(R81 vo1d f l "··-· I I ,..... I.D

40

0 0 ru ~r--.;;:==~==~=r====:=~--t-------~==J:~~~~::~~~-==-~--~----t-~~------~~~~ 0 0 0

50 60

~r-----~--+-------------r-------------r-~~----~--r----t----~--~----------~r--,~------~------------~--~ ,.....

I.D

0 0

~I I 1 ___ L_A I ~ __ j __ ~ I ~ __ j; ;: I 1• _I __ 1 I :) L __ 1 I I: l ::=-::;: l. __ l I 1_ L__l

34 Figure 13i

70 BD 90 100 110

Velocity tomograms (3D view), lines on western side of investigation area.

Southwest view


0 0 '<t ~I I -,..... \\ IER$ kR t.J f l ----~· I

" \.1)

a Q

I I ILl' - , 1 \ I I . I J -...

~I I I I I ,.....,. '' I !C cj F 11 I ) -I y I I r-. \.1)

0

~I . . I . . . I , . . _b:. . 1 ! . J L_. !: I ~I . . .J __j

35

Southeast view

'0~ oo X

Figure 14a

Velocity tomograms (3D view), lines on the middle of investigation area.

Southwest view


0 0 '<t" ~I I .,...,. \\ IER Eti RRi .J { l ""~ ' I ,...... Ul

0 0 (\J

~~----- I I I I , ·- I I I ~ 7 -..... I I I I I

~

o I , '~I ~ C\ l I I o I ' '' ' I F 11 I o r ' ~I I I I ...... en :J ,...... Ul

1525200 1525400 1525600 1526200 1526600

36 Figure 14b

Southeast view

X

Velocity tomograms (3D view), lines on eastern side of investigation area.

Southwest view


0 0 <r ~ I I "i...... \ \ !(REil K Q I ,j l J omn I I r--0.0

0 0 ru ~ I I I 1/ .... , I \ I I I I I J ~ r--0.0

0 0

~~ / 1 1 1 ,...,... , 1 • 1 r n 1 :'~I ~ Y 1 ! 1

0'\ ,.,..., \D

0

~I . . I . . . I . . . L . . I ~ . J I . J: I :=--:;;:::1 . . . I I l525200 ·~~-·~A • .-~r--rnn ,,....,..,....,..,A..,. .~ .... r~nn ·~~,~~~ ·-~' · ~~ •-~''AA

37 Figure 14c

Southeast view

0 0 0 (Y) (J'o ,...... \0

0 0 00

1525200

C\J 1 r •

(J'o -,...... \0

0 0 \0 C\J I "= (J'o 1

,...... \0

0 0 .q-

C\J I -(J'o ,...... \0

0 0 C\J C\JL . -(J'o ,...... \0

0 0 0 C\J (J'o ,...... \0

0 0 00

1525400 1525600

~I I I I ............. ,......

1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600 I I '4

\0~~--~--~--~~~~--~--~--~~--~--~~~--L-~L-~---L~~~L-~L-~~-L--~--L-L-L-~~-L--~--~--L-~--~ 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

38 Figure 15a

Combine fractured areas and interpreted

linear trends of broken zones.

Upper seismic velocities.

Legend:


~ 5000to 6000

linear trends

of fractured zones

4750to 5000

4500to 4750

4250 to 4500

4000 to 4250

3750 to 4000

3500 to 3750

2750 to 3500

.JAAKKD POVAV INFRA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 TL

0 0 0

1525200

~~~ \()

0 0 00 ~ I I 1·. --::::_ . :=:'.

" \()

1525400 1525600 1525800

1'\ 1~·\·~o~l~~r-~ 1 .&... ~ o...a. I."-; f 0 0 \()

rut ~~ ~~ llllllllll!!lillill 1 CJ't I < ......VV

, ' - .I I

" \()

~ V \ \ 0 C) ..q-(\J

~

"

1526000 1526200

~ ~I ~ I

la ' " " tn=.,v J' 11 I

\()._ I I ' - \ I I. _ ,

.r.;-- - -V\ -0 0 (\J

~ t== I lJ I 1/ 2 " \()

0 0 0 (\J r-------~--~---------------4------------~

" \()

0 0 00 ~ ~-----------+----------------~----------------4---

"

1526400 1526600

~~ I I I '>. '>. '>. I I

11 , I I I

\() ~--L---L---~~~~~~--~--~--~--~--~--~==~--~--~--~---4--~~-4---4--~~~--~--~--~--~~~--~--~--~--~--~ 1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

39 Figure 15b



Lower seismic velocities.

Legend:


~ 5000 to 6000

Linear trends

of fractured zones

475010 5000

4500 to 4750

I I I

I - 4250 to 4500

I 4000 to 4250

1 - 3750 to 4000

3500 to 3750

2750 to 3500

..JAAKKC POVAY INFRA JP-Fintact

30.6 .2003 Tl

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600 I 4lll

0

~l I ~ ) I ~ \ \~ 0 0 (X) (\J I , :::f,' > ? d " 0: 19 ,~ 9 )\ ~ E: f 8 I ' I ' \\l 1\ I C>~' I ~ ( '>, I '>, I >- ,- I '> I I 0\ ........... , ,)\@_ j )c::::;>\ \ ( .. 7 i ( C> ' I ,....,. ; # ,z...... ::::::::::: '1( <--1' ~ { I \ ....__...... r r n . ~ 1\I<~C:f- '-=If # ('>.._ I "' '\ I "">.~ "">. '- ...-r-:;: I CJ" 7 ~/"Y 1 " :;s r t ; < ; 7 il < ' 1 , ., ~ < .. :""""-. ::::::.. :::::::: ,...... \0

0 0 ..q-(\J I I I ..___... I u I , .... , 7 ,.:== f \ ' KRal::=- ,...... ~ ...... 1 nr "'' xz \ \ ' -4llb~ ' lf Y 71 f - I I \ ' I

,...... \[)

0

~r ~~ ,w-\[) ~- ' . ' - . _:::f Jll

0 0 0 ru1 "~J5~~ si -::::...--... ' ''''~ ~ 1 ooc::::::>" \~I I I I

,...... \0

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

40 Figure 15c



Bedrock surface contours.

Legend:

--16 --15 --14 --13 --12 --11 --10 --9 --8 --7 --6 --5 --4 --3 --2 --1 --0

---1 ---2 ---3 -- - 4 ---5 ---6 ---7 ---8 ---9 ---10 ---11


~

linear trends

of fractured zones

.IAAKKD POVAY INFAA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 TL

C) C) C) (") (]'I

41 Figure 16

Bedrock surface intersections with

structures in the Olkiluoto bedrock model

Bedrock surface contours.

Legend:

~~ ~(o~----~~ y I I 1\\ \ \ "-- 1~~ 1 1 - 16 --1 -15 --2 -14 --3

§~ I~ >*1 =~ =~ ~ c ~~n~ - ~ ~ -8 --9 -7 --10

. ~~~-~~rcilW•:~ , .~ ! --ll

C) C)

-.::t (\J (]'I

"' \0

C)

I l l f ~ ___. ............_ II :V .... _ ' ./' _./'" ~~ / - ........ l"t.f'll"ttl r ,... I .- 1 \ 1 I , I I \ I 1 1 I I

ru ~ ~~==:~~9 \IT / lR I ' ~~ ' U ~ ~ ~~ -,/ ~: \ ~ 1: L __ *"~ \0

C) C) C)

(\J I /«9'## ¥~ :::::::~So<""' \ \ \ \ I I ~ , , 0" j . ' ( ~~ \\ ~ < I

"' \0

-2 Linear trends

- 1 of fractured zones

-0

~I ~. · -.~h~~::? - ~~ 1 l l fl .IAAKKD POVAV INFAA

JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 TL

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

r

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200 1526400 1526600

I / I ({If" , /~)\\( l~ ~,\v~//~;"~ \ ( \ \ \l ~ ----+---1 0 0 0 (I')

CJ'o

~L >_)~~ - (o~ --~ I' I I 1\ \" \ \ '-_ I~~ l

~[ ~fdjfl ~ -· 0 . ., • - - . ~ ~ . \ ~

~~-~~ .'~'·~ ~)~ ~ li~~S(J~"~>~;.-m/r ~~="~ ~ , ~ I

0 0 -q-C\J

~L

or-0 C\J C\J O'o

"' \[)

0 0 0

._ 11 ~ ' -----~ --· .... , I"' \ • \ ' ./' -""' ., '" F ' - ......_, .. I I r.,. , _ .,,. ....

//~-~~·~ \.Jil (~ rt~Y/ ~il J \

::::::--.... ~ I\ - \ , -«..:::" I --~ ~~c; l I ~~~~J _ . .......... -g-'11 ~

~I ~c,w~~ ~~£c::z:?a--:::::::;.. --:::::::~ .......,, \\\ '. \ 'w I

"' \[)

1525200 1525400 1525600 1525800 1526000 1526200

_I • • I I \ I , I I

\ \11 1T I I

I /LI ~-

-~-

1526400 1526600

I

42 Figure 17

Bedrock surface and results from

near surface geophysics

Legend:

1 -16 --1

I

I

I

-15 --2 -14 --3 -13 --4 -12 --5 -11 --6 -10 --7 - 9 - - 8 -8 --9 -7 --10 -6 --11 --5 -4 -3 -2

Linear trends -1 of fractured zones

-0

• Sllngro.M conductors

• - • AeroMo.gnetlc • - • Surfa.ce Ma.gnetlc • - • Cha.rgecl potentla.l

.JAAKKO POVAV INFAA JP-Fintact

30.6.2003 Tl

Supplementary Interpretation of Seismic Refraction …...Working Report 2003-63 Supplementary...

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