Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

43
Call It What You Will Author(s): Matthew Barber Source: Perspectives of New Music, Vol. 49, No. 2S, Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial (Spring 2012), pp. 24-65 Published by: Perspectives of New Music Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7757/persnewmusi.49.2s.0024 . Accessed: 25/06/2014 09:47 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . Perspectives of New Music is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Perspectives of New Music. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Transcript of Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

Page 1: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

Call It What You WillAuthor(s): Matthew BarberSource: Perspectives of New Music, Vol. 49, No. 2S, Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: AComposer's Memorial (Spring 2012), pp. 24-65Published by: Perspectives of New MusicStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7757/persnewmusi.49.2s.0024 .

Accessed: 25/06/2014 09:47

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

Perspectives of New Music is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Perspectivesof New Music.

http://www.jstor.org

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Page 2: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 24 -

Call It What You WillFor Violin, Piano, and Computer

In MemoriamMilton Babbitt

Matthew Barber

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Page 3: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

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Performance Notes1. �e computer part is composed entirely of synthesized sounds; there is no live processing. A

computer application for playback in rehearsal and performance is available from the composer. �e violinist may control the entrances of the cues with a foot pedal, or a third person may control the computer from the audience.

2. Movements I, II, III, and V all contain quotes from either the standard repertoire or from Milton Babbitt's music. �ese quotes are to be played as close as possible to the style of performance associated with the quoted works, even though the tempos may not match those of the originals. �e quotes are as follows:

A. �e first page of I (Proleptic) is from Babbitt's Sextets for violin and piano.

B. �e last two measures of this movement are from Babbitt's �e Joy of More Sextets for violin and piano. �e violin and piano have exchanged pitch-classes with regard to the original.

C. Movement II (Six Têtes) has six quotes from the standard piano repertoire. In order, they are the opening of the D-sharp-minor fugue from Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, Beethoven's Opus 109 piano sonata, Brahms's Intermezzo Opus 116 No. 4, Schoenberg's Opus 23 No. 3, the �ird of Webern's Variations Opus 27, and the opening of Stravinsky's Movements for Piano and Orchestra.D. Movement III (Anyone's Anodyne) quotes Mendelssohn's violin concerto, which was an important piece for the young Milton Babbitt. See the score for more details.E. Movement V (Successive Subsumption) quotes Schoenberg's 4th string quartet, from the first movement of the quartet in measures 1-10, and from the third movement in measures 13-23.

3. Movement V employs some spatial notation. When spatial notation is indicated, the performer plays inexact rhythms, placing his/her notes within the measure approximately where they might fall had they been notated precisely; horizontal space is thus still analogous to time. No attempt should be made to line up with the other performer or the computer part. In general, filled noteheads are to be played short, and white noteheads are longer; the player has discretion over the exact durations.

4. �e performers should try to maintain a solemn demeanor when they are resting. After the last movement has played, a moment of silence would be appropriate.

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Page 4: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 26 -

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83

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Violin

Piano

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Page 5: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 27 -

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Page 6: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 28 -

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Page 7: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 29 -

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Page 8: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 30 -

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5I. Proleptic

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Page 9: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 31 -

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Jœ# . .œ# - œn -

�e pianist plays six excerpts from the standard repertoire overthe computer part. Although the tempo is controlled by thecomputer, try to play as close as possible to the usual correctstyle of the excerpt. See performance notes for more details.

q = 50""

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6

II. Six Têtes

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Page 10: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 32 -

&?

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7:6

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7II. Six Têtes

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Page 11: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 33 -

&?

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Comp.

9

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9 "

"

""

® œ œ œ# œ œn œ œ œ œ œ# jœ ‰Œ ® œ œ# œ œ œ# œ œ œ œ œn® œ# œ œ œ œ# œ œ œ œœ œ# œn œn . .œ œ œ# œ# œ œ œ# œ œ# œ#

q = 76

&?

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Pno.

Comp.

11 ""

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# œ œ# # # œ œ # # œ# œ# #

œ # # œ œ# # # œ# œ # # œ

œ œ œ œ# œ œn œ œ œ œ œ# jœ ‰.œ œ# œ œ œ# œ œ œ# œ œ œ œ œn

œ œ# œ œ œ œ# œ œ œ œœ œ# œn œn . .œ œ œ# œ# œ œ œ# œ œ# œ#

pleggiermente

8 II. Six Têtes

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- 34 -

&?

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Pno.

Comp.

13 # œ#œ#

# #œ œ

# #œ œ#

#œ # # œ œ# # # œ# œ# # # œ#

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Œ ‰

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œ œ ‰ . ‰Rœ ‰ . ‰œ œ# ‰ . ‰Rœ ‰ . ‰

‰ Œ‰ Œ

jœ# œœn‰ ‰ œn

3jœ Œ‰ œ#

q = 76-84rubato

&?

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Comp.

15 ""

15 ‰ jœ# œ œn œ# Œ3

. .œ œn œœn ‰ Jœ#

œ# jœn œœn# ‰ œ#3 3

œœ# œ# œ# ‰ Jœn

""

‰ .œn œn œœn ˙̇3

œœn ‰ Jœ# œ œn œ#3

œ# œ œ# œ# Œ3

Œ œ# Jœn œœn#3

9II. Six Têtes

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Page 13: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 35 -

&

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Comp.

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5

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3 5

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# Rœœnb ‰œ# Œ‰ œ# œn Jœ œ#

3

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Comp.

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œ# œ# Œ˙̇̇

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œœ# œ# œ# ‰ Jœn

dolce

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œ

‰ .œn œn œœn ˙̇3

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Œ œ# Jœn œœn#3

10 II. Six Têtes

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Page 14: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 36 -

&

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Pno.

Comp.

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‰ œ œ# ˙̇˙#3œ

21rœœ ‰ . Œ œ# œn œœb

5

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3 5

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3

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3

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# Rœœnb ‰jœ# ‰ Œ‰ œ# œn Jœ

3

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41

41

41

41

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Comp.

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23 "

"

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q = 76

""

‰ œn œ# œn ‰ . œb (œb œ œbœn œ# œn œn (œ ‰œb œb œb (œn œœnn œœ œ

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11II. Six Têtes

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- 37 -

&?

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41

41

41

41

43

43

43

43

Pno.

Comp.

26 ""

26 # œnœn œ# œn œn (œn #œ œn # œœbbœb œb œn

œ# ( œn # ‰

‰ Jœb . ‰ jœn . ‰ jœn"

œn œn œb Œ ‰ œn (œnŒ ‰ œn ( œb œb œb œb œn‰ œbœb œn œ# œn œn œ# œn œn (

p .œn œ# .^ Œ œn

‰ Jœn .> ‰ œn . œœbn - # œn . œœbn - #

‰ œn œ# œn ‰ . œb (œb œ œbœn œ# œn œn (œ ‰œb œb œb (œn œœnn œœ œ

‰ ‰ œn‰ . œn œn (œb œn œn ( .œn œn œb (œn œ

p

dolce

&?

&?

23

23

23

23

Pno.

Comp.

29 œ œn œb Ó

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29 # œnœn œ# œn œn (œn # Óœ œn # œœbbœb œb œn

œ# ( œn # ‰ Ó

"

"

Œ . . rœb œ œ .œb œb œ# œn .œn œ#Ó ‰ . œb œ œ .œ#œ# œ# œŒ .œb Jœb œb œn œ#

h = 90

12 II. Six Têtes

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- 38 -

&?

&?

Pno.

Comp.

31 ""

31 jœ œ jœ .œ# œ œ ‰ œ# œ# œ#

.œœ# œ œ œ œ .œ# œ œ ‰ jœ#

œ œn œ œ .œ# Jœ#

""

.œ# œ# œ œ œ# œ œ œ œ# œ œ œ œ .œn œ œ# œ œb œœ œ# œ# .œ# œ# œ œ œ# œ œ œ

œ# œ œœn œn .œn œœ# œ w

&?

&?

Pno.

Comp.

33 ""

33

.œ œb œb œb .œb œ œ œb œ œ œ œb œ œ œb œn œb

œ# œ œb œ .œ œb œb œb .œbœ œ œb œ œn œn œb œ

œ œ œb œb ˙

Œ wb - ŒÓ Ó œn œb&

œb œ œ œ .œb œb œ œ .œb œb œ# œn .œ œ#œ œb œn œbœb œ œ œ .œb

œb œ œ .œ#œ# œ# œnœ .œb Jœb œb œn œ#

p

&&&?

Pno.

Comp.

35

wn - ÓÓ Ó Œ œ# .

?

35 jœ œ jœ .œ# œ œ ‰ œ# œ# œ#.œ

œ# œ œ œ œ .œ# œ œ ‰ jœ#œ œn œ œ .œ# Jœ#

f œn . .˙# ˙nÓ ˙n - Ó &

.œ# œ# œ œ œ# œ œ œ œ# œ œ œ œ .œn œ œ# œ œb œœ œ# œ# .œ# œ# œ œ œ# œ œ œ

œ# œ œœn œn .œn œœ# œ w

13II. Six Têtes

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- 39 -

&&

&?

83

83

83

83

Pno.

Comp.

37 Ó Ó Œ œnÓ Œ

.˙n >

37

.œ œb œb œb .œb œ œ œb œ œ œ œb œ œ œb œn œb

œ# œ œb œ .œ œb œb œb .œbœ œ œb œ œn œn œb œ

œ œ œb œb ˙

p œ# Œ Ó ÓÓ Œ .˙b

œb œ œ œ œb ‰ Ó Óœ œb œn œbœb œ œ œ jœbœ œb Jœ

Œ . Ó

f

&&

&

?

83

83

83

83

Pno.

Comp.

39 ""

39 Œ jœ# Jœœ#

Œ jœœ## Jœ

e = 100

""

œ œœ# œœ œœ œœ œ

œœœœ# œœ# Jœ# œœn œœn œœ#n œœn

œœ œœ œœnœ

Jœ# œ# . .œ

""

œœ œ œ# œœ# œœ œœ œœ3

œœn œœ œœ Jœ#œœ œœ œœn œœ#

3

œ œ œ3

Jœ# œ# œJœ œ# œ œ œ

3

14 II. Six Têtes

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- 40 -

&&

&

?

Pno.

Comp.

42 ""

42

œœ œœ œœ œ œb œ# œn œn3

œœ œœ œœb œœbb œœ## œn Jœœœb

3

œ œ œ œ œb œn œ œ3

Jœ# œ œ œb œb œn œn œ œb3

""

œ œœ œœ œœb œœb

b œœ##œœ# œœ œœ œœbbœœ œœ#n

jœ# œ œb œ œœ##œb . .œ Jœ# œ

# Rœb jœb œbœn # # œn

# Rœb?

œœ œœ# œœ œœ œœ œ

œœœœ# œœ# Jœ# œœn œœn œœ#n œœn

œœ œœ œœnœ

Jœ# œ# . .œ

f

&?

&

?

Pno.

Comp.

45 ? &

œ œ

œ# jœ# >

rœ.# rœn . #

3

45 œœ œ œ# œœ# œœ œœ œœ3

œœn œœ œœ Jœ#œœ œœ œœn œœ#

3

œ œ œ3

Jœ# œ# œJœ œ# œ œ œ

3

® rKœ ‰ . ? &

œ. œb . # œ.

œb

œnœb

3

&

œœ œœ œœ œ œb œ# œn œn3

œœ œœ œœb œœbb œœ## œn Jœœœb

3

œ œ œ œ œb œn œ œ3

Jœ# œ œ œb œb œn œn œ œb3

jœ# >

œ# œ # Œ

œ œœ œœ Œœœ# œœ œœ

jœ#jœ Œœb .œ

15II. Six Têtes

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- 41 -

&

&

?

86

86

86

Vln.

Comp.

œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œœœ œœ ‰

Œ œb œ

%

�is movement is a gloss on the slow movement of Mendelssohn's violin concerto,and should be played in the style of that piece as far as is possible. Liberal use ofportamento and dynamic contrast is encouraged, but tempo is fixed by the computer.

rubato, e = 90-100

.œ œ œ œ

œn œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œŒ œ œ

&&

?

Vln.

Comp.

2 .œ# .œ#2

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ#œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œn œn œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœb œ ‰ Œ œn œ

&&

?

Vln.

Comp.

3 œ œn œ# œ# œœ

3

œ œ œn œ œn œ œn œ œn œ œn œ œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ#œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œn œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œœ œ ‰ œ œ ‰

16

III. Anyone's Anodyne

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- 42 -

&&

?

Vln.

Comp.

4 .œ œ ‰4

œ œn œ œn œ œn œ œn œ œn œ œn œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ#œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œn œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œœb œ ‰ ‰ œ# œ

&&

?

Vln.

Comp.

5 œ œ œn œ œ œb5 jœ ‰ ‰

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œb œ œbœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ

œn œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ# œ œ#œn ‰ Œ Jœ

&&

?

Vln.

Comp.

6 œ œn œb œ œb œ6 jœn ‰ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œb œ œbœb œn œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œn œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œb œ œbœ ‰ Œ Jœ

17III. Anyone's Anodyne

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- 43 -

&&

?

Vln.

Comp.

7 œb œb œ Jœn œn

7 jœb ‰ ‰ œn œb œnJœb œb œb œbjœb ‰ ‰ œn œb œœ ‰ .œb

.œb œb œ œ

.œb œn jœb.œb .œ

.œb .œb.œb .œn

&&

?

Vln.

Comp.

9œb œb œb œb

Jœn

9 œb jœb œb jœbœb Jœb œb Jœ

œb ‰ Œ .œb Jœb œn Jœb

.˙b

œ œn œb œb œb œbœb Jœb œb œb œjœ œb œ œb œbœb œ œb œb œb œb

&&

?

Vln.

Comp.

œ œ œ œ œ œb œb œ œb

.œ jœb ‰ ‰

.œn Jœ ‰ Jœb

.œb jœ ‰ jœb.œb Jœ ‰ Jœ

œn œ œn œ jœŒ jœn œ jœœ œn œ œ# Jœœ œn œ œ jœ.œn Jœ ‰ Jœ

.œ.œn .œ.œ.œ

18 III. Anyone's Anodyne

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- 44 -

&?

46

46Pno.

jœb œb œb œb ˙ œ œn œn3

œb œœbb

œbœœœbbb œœbb ˙˙˙bbn œn œb

P

In a very improvisatory manner. Be cognizant of the meter but allow great elasticity in tempo.�e character should be playful but not clownish; imagine something between the style ofBrahms and an extemporization on classic show tunes. �e triplet eighth-notes at the beginningof each measure should not be exactly in time - think of them as slightly rushed eighth notes.

fPed.

h. = 45

œn œb œn ˙ ˙̇nn œœ#n3

œœnnœœœbn œœœnn œœœn## œ# œœ#n œ#

&?Pno.

)3

jœn œn œn œn ˙ œ œ œ3 œnœœnn

œn œœœnn

œœœn#n ˙̇˙n œ œœœœb

œœœœb œœœœb œœœœ##n œœœœ## œœœœn## ,

..˙̇nn .˙b

rit.

&?

Pno.

5

jœn œn œ# œn ˙ œ œb œb3

œb œn œb œn œœœœbbnb œœœbbn3

œœbbœœœ#bn œœœbn Œ . œb œb œn

a tempo

œ# œn œ# ˙ ˙b œn3 œœnb œn

œ#œœœn#n œœœ#n#

œnœœbn œœœœn#nb œb œb œn& ?

)

19

IV. A Passing Nepenthe

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- 45 -

&?

47

47Pno.

7 œn œn œn ˙ œ œ œœnn œœ3

œœbb œœnn œ# œ# œ# œœœœ#nnn3

œœnn œnœœœn# œœnn

œn œ#!

&?

47

4746

46Pno.

8 Œ œœ## œœn# œœ## œœn# ‰ œœ## œœn# œœ## œœn# Œ œœœœ### U‰U Jœn

33

3 ?

œn œ# œ# œ ˙̇̇### ˙̇##U

3

riten. )p $ p

una cordaslower

!

œœbb œn œb ˙ .˙3

..˙̇bn

..˙̇bbjœœ

œœœœnbnn œn œn

œn

& ?

Ped.

h. = 40

?

?Pno.

10 œœbn œb œn ˙ .œn œ# œ# œn3

.˙n

..˙̇bbjœœ

œœœœn##n Œ .& ?

œœnn œ œ ˙ jœ3

œœnn œœ œœ œœœœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ

..˙̇nn ..˙̇

?

?Pno.

)12 œœnn

œœn# œœnn œ# œn œn œ# œn œ# œ# œn œ# œ# œ# œn œ# œ# œ# œn œœ## œœ##œœ## œœnn3

3 56

&

..˙̇nn ˙b œœbb

tre corde accelrit.

!

20 IV. A Passing Nepenthe

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- 46 -

&?

Pno.

())

!

)13

œœbb œœnn œœbb œœbb

œœœœbbbn

œœœœbbnbœœœœnbn

œœœœbnbb œœœœbbnb œœnn œœ## œœnn œœ##œœnn œœ## œœnn œœ##

œœnn œœ##3

33

33

œb œb œb œ# œn œ# œn œ# œn œ# œn œ#3

3

3

3

tempo I

fp f

rit.

&?Pno.

())14

œœnn œœ## œœbb œœnn œœœœnbbnœœœœnb#

œœœœn##œœœœ#bn

œœœœnbbœb œb œn œn œb œb

3

33

6

œn œn œn jœ# œn œb œb œn œn œb œb œn œn3

5

a tempo

p

&?

Pno.

15

œœnn œœnn œœnn œœ## œœnn œœnn œœnn œœ## œœnn ..œœnn Jœœœœ#nnb-

Œ3

33

‰ œœnn œœnn œœ## œœnn œœnn ˙̇bbŒ

3

3

œn œn œn ˙3 &ƒ

riten.

P

œœœbbbŒ œœbb , ....˙˙˙˙bbbb

U

œœœbbb˙b

..˙̇bb?% p

21IV. A Passing Nepenthe

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- 47 -

&

&?

?

44

44

44

44

44

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

)˙n ^

˙#^

œœœnn# . œœœ. œœœbbn - œn œb œn

œœœnn# - œn œn œb œœœbnb

œœn

n .Œ Œ Œ

Jœœ#

# .

3

œœn

n . Œ Œ Œjœ

œ##

.

3

Spatial Notation

ƒ

ƒ % F

Ped

p f

q = 100

In the computer part for this movement, any pitch in theoctave-treble-clef staff is doubled an octave higher, andany pitch in the bass-clef staff is doubled an octave lower.

œn ÿ œÿ œÿœn >

jœ œb jœb ÿœn . œb . œn .

œœœn#n - œœœ-œœœnnn

œœœ##n .œ# . œ# . œn .

œœœn## .Ó œ

œnn

.jœ

œnn

3

Ó œœn

n.

jœœn

n.

Œ3

f ƒ

)

p pPed

&

&?

†?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

!

)

!

3 ˙n ^ œ œn ÿ œÿ œÿ3

œœœ#nn œœœ œn œb œn œœœnbb -

œœœnn# -œœœbnb -

œb œn œn

3 Œœœb

b . œœb

b . ‰ œœn

n.

3

Œ œœb

b . œœb

b.

‰ œœn

n.

3

ƒ p PP!

Ped

F

˙b ^œ# ÿ œ# ÿ œn ÿ œn ÿ

œn . œ# . œ# .

œœœnnn - œœœnbn -

œb . œn . œn . œœœ##n . œœœ#nn - œœœ-

Œ Jœœn

n .‰ œ

œbb

.Œ œ

œ##

.3

3

ŒJœœn

n .‰ œ

œbb

.Œ œ

œ##

.3

3

P p

)

Pp F

Ped

22

V. Successive Subsumption

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- 48 -

&

&?

?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

5 Ó ‰ œn ÿ œb ÿ œn ÿ5 Ó œœœnnb . œœœ . ˙b

"5 ‰ œ

œnn . œ

œnn .

Œ Œ jœn .‰ œb . œœbn .

3

3

3

‰ œœn

n.

œœn

n.

Œ œb .Œ

3

f

F

)

ƒPed

jœn œ# jœœn# ˙̇Jœn

œœœnn# - œn œn œ# œœœnn# - ˙b œœœn#n - œn œn œn

"

Œ ‰œœœbnb .

‰ œœœbnb .‰ œœbn . œœœbnb .

3

3

3

Œ Jœœbb .Œ jœœbn .

Ó3

3

F

)

f P

&

&?

?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

7

œn œn^ œ# ^ ‰ jœnJœn œ# ‰ œœ## -

7

˙b œ# . œn . œn . œœœbnn . œœœbnb .‰

Ó Œ ‰ œb œn œn

7 Œ jœb .œn . Ó3

jœœbb .œœbn . Œ Œ œb .3

ƒ

(Ped)

)

ƒ P F

Ped

‰ œn>

œœ œn ´ œ́ ‰ œbJœ œ# ‰ œn v Jœn v3

"

œn . œn . œn . œœœnnn . œn . œn . œb .œb . œœnn . œb .

œn . œb .œn . œœbb .

œb .3

3

œœn

n.

œ. œb . œœn

n.

œœb

b.

œœœb

nn.

œœn

n.

œœn# . œœb

b.

œœn

n.

3 3 3

23V. Successive Subsumption

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- 49 -

&

&?

?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

9

˙nœ# ´ œn œ̂ œ

Jœ œn v Jœnÿ

9 "

œ# œn œn œœœn#n - œœœnn# .

9 œœnb .jœn .

œb . œœb .œœbb . œn .

œb .œn .

œb .3

3 3

œœb

n.

œœœn

n# .

œœn

b.

œn . œn . œœb

b . œœn

n.

œœn

n.

œœœn

nn .

œb . œœb

n.

œœb

b.

3

3

3 3

(IV)

F

Ped

.œœn .œ # Ó

"œœœnnb .

Œ jœb .Œ ‰ œb . ‰ œ

œnn . œb .

3

3

3

‰ œœœn

bn.

œœn

n. Œ ‰ œb . ‰ œ

œnn . œb .3

3

3

&

&?

?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

11 jœb ÿ‰

˙n ˙ œ3

3

11 ""

11 ‰ œœnn .œœb

b.

Œ Jœn . œœb

n.

3

3

‰œ# .

œb . Œ Jœœbb . œœb

n.

3

3

ƒ p

non vib.slower, q = 80

œ ˙Œ jœb ÿ œn, U

3

3

""

œn . Jœœbb. ‰ œ

œbb . œœbn . œ

œbb .

Œ3

3

œn .Jœn . ‰ œ

œbb

.œn . œ

œbb . Œ3

3

ƒ p

24 V. Successive Subsumption

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- 50 -

&

&?

?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

!

13 # . œb ^ œ> Œ jœn .jœn #3

œn œn ‰ œn œb3

13 ˙b,˙̇bb œ# . œn . œ# . œn .

13

‰œœœn

nn œœœn

nn jœœœ œ#

jœœœ#

nn œn œœbn

œœœnnn ‰3

3 3 3

Œ ‰ œœ#

# ‰œœbn œn ‰ œ

œ##

3

33

arco ord.

ƒ p

pPed

%

e = 60

&

&?

?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

14 .jœ# # ‰ jœn .œ œn œn œ œJœb œn œ œb ‰

3 3Jœbv

14 ˙b ˙b˙̇bb ˙̇bb

,œ# . œn . œ# . œn . œ# . œn . œ# . œn .

14 ‰ œœœn

nn

œœb

b Œ jœœnnœœœ#

nn œn

œœœn

n#3

3

3

jœœ

Œ œœœn

nn jœn Œ œn Œ

3 3

3

f

dolce

p %f

PPed

p

25V. Successive Subsumption

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Page 29: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 51 -

&

&?

?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

) )

15

œ. .œn œ œ .œ œn

^œn^

15

œn œn œ# œn œ# œn

œœœnnn - œœœbnn - œœœbnb - œœœbbb - œœœbbn - œœœn#n - œœœnnn - œœœbnn - œœœbnb - œœœbbb -œœœbbn -

15 Ó ‰ œœn

n œœbn œœ ‰ œœœbbn3 3

œœœn

bn ‰ œœœnnn œœœ Jœœœnbn œœœ œn œb œ œœœbbb ‰3

3

3

3

f sub.

f f

P

&

&?

†?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

) ) )

16

. .œb œb ‰ jœbœb œ œb œb œb œb œb ® œb^

33

16œ# œn œn œn œn œn œn œn œ# œn

œœœn#n - œœœnnn - œœœbnn - œœœbnb - œœœbbb - œœœbbn - œœœn#n - œœœnnn - œœœbnn - œœœbnb - œœœbbb -&

16

Jœœn

b Œ ‰ œœb

b œœbn œœœbbb3

3

jœn œœœnnn Jœœœnbnœn œb Œ3

3

p% ƒ

f

26 V. Successive Subsumption

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Page 30: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 52 -

&

&

&

†?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

17 "

17

˙n ˙n

œn œb œb œn œn œn

17 œn œœœnbb Œ ‰ œb ‰ œn ‰3 3 3

œœbb Œ œ# Jœ œœn

nœœ##

œœnnœœœnnn3

3

3

ƒuna corda%

Ped

faster, e = 90

"˙n ˙n œn œn œn œn

Œ Jœœ#n Jœn Œ œœbn Œ3 3

œœœ‰ jœ

œbn œœbb

œbœœœnbb jœœœnbn

33

3

&

&

&

†?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

Ÿ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

19 "

19

œn œn œ œ œn œn œ œ œ œ

œœœbnb - œœœnbb - œœœnnb -œœœnnn - œœœnnn - œœœnnb - œœœbnb - œœœnbb - œœœnnb -

œœœnnn -

19 œn œ# œœœnnn Jœœœ Œ Œ Jœn ‰ œb ‰

3 3 3 3

œœnn œœ#

# ‰ ‰ œœ#n œœjœ

œbn

œœœbnb œb œœœnbb3

33

3

ƒ

(Ped)

p

Ó ‰ . . rKœn jœ ‰˙n˙n ,

œn

œn > œn œ œ œ œ

œn ÿ œ# . œ# . œn . œ# . œn .?

Œ Jœb œ Jœb œœœbnb Jœn œb jœœbb3 3 3 3

œœœ‰ Œ

Jœœn

n œœnn ‰œn œœ#n jœb

3

3

3

3

f pp

$(dim. both hands) f pL.h. continues at ppp, accenting (mf ) pitch-classeswhich appear simultaneously in the violin part.

tre corde

27V. Successive Subsumption

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

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- 53 -

&

&?

†?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

21 ® œ#´

ϫ

® ‰ Œ Œ œ#w21 "

œn ÿ œ# ÿ œ# . œn . œ# . œn .21

œœ Jœb œœœbnn œœœ Jœb œœnn jœn3

3

3

œ Œ Œ jœœnn œb jœœbb3 3

f p

Each of the next three measuresis a bit slower than the previous.

&

&?

†?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

22 # .jœb ‰ . . œn œ ‰ œn ‰3

˙# œ Jœn œ#3

22 œb > œn œ œ œ œœn > œn œ œ œ œ

œn . œ# . œ# ÿ œn . œ# . œn . œn . œ# . œ# ÿ œn ÿ œ# . œn .

22 Jœœœ##nœœn# œœ œœ

œn œœ#n œnœœœbnn œœnn

3

33

Ó Œ jœb œœbn ‰ œb3 3

f pf p

(II)

f p f p

(e = 72)

28 V. Successive Subsumption

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Page 32: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 54 -

&

&?

†?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

23

œn´

ϫ

ϫ

® ‰ .jœ# # jœn œn œ œn ‰ U3

3œ œn œn œn # Rœn

v ‰ .jœ# #3

23 œb > œn œ œ œ œ U

œn . œ# . œ# ÿ œn . œ# . œn . œn . œ# . œ# . œn ÿ œ# ÿ œn ÿ23 jœœ œn œ Jœœœbnb œœœ Jœ# œœ#n jœn

U33

3 3

jœŒ Œ Œ jœœ#n œb jœœbn

3 3 3

f p(no rit. to end)

Í(II)

f pRit. and fade out. End just after violin cutoff

(e = 60)

&

&?

†?

43

43

43

43

43

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

24 œn - œn ´ œb œb œn

24 #œ# œ# œn œ#

œn

œn œn œœnn œœbn œœbb œb

24

œn . ‰ Œ # œb . # œœnn .Ó # œ

œnb

.œœœnn# . œn .

ƒSpatial Notation pizz.

f p

q = 100

œn´ œn æ œb

œœnn´ œn

œn

# # œ# œ# œ# œ# œn œœœ#nn

œœnn

œn œn

œn .œœn

n .# œ

œ#n . ‰ # œn . ‰

‰ œb . # œb . # œœœnbb .# œ

œnn

.‰

arco

Ppizz.

f

f p

29V. Successive Subsumption

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Page 33: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 55 -

&

&?

?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

26 œn œn œnœn ´ œn

26 # œb #œn

# œb ‰ œb

œn

œœbb œœbb

26

œœœnn# .œœnn . ‰ Œ # œn . ‰

# œn . ‰œœœbnn . ‰ œœœ#n# . œ

œnn

.‰

f p

˙n œn´ œb ´ œb ´ œn ´ œn ´ œn ´

œœ#n œ# œn œn#

œn

œn# œn #

œb#

œœœnbb .# œ

œnb

.Œ # œn . ‰

‰ . œn .‰ œn . # œ

œnn

.‰

arco sul pont. pizz.

col legno

f p

˙n œn œœ## æ œ#

"

"

œœnn .œœœn

n#. œn . œœnn .

œœœœ

bnnb .

œb . # œœbn . œn . œn .œœn

n.

œœn

#.

œœn

n œb .œœb

b. œœbn .

# œn . œœnn . œœb

n .

arco ord.

p f p fsul pont.

slower, q = 66

&

&?

?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

)29 œ

˙nœœœn##

29 "

"29 # œn .

œœœœbnbb .

œn .œœœœ

n###

. œn . œn . œn . œœbb .# œ

œbb . œœnb

.œn .

œœn

n. œœnn .

œœb

n . œœbb .œn .

psul tasto

˙˙n

n œœnn . œn . œ# . œ# . œn . Œ

Óœn œb

œb

œb

‰ œœœ

n##

. œœbn .œœœœ

nnnn

. œœnn . œn . Œ

‰ œœ#

n. œn .

œœn

n. œb .

œœb

b.

# œœbb .œb .

ord.

p

a tempo, q = 100

"œœœbbb œb

œb

#œb œn œœbn #

œn

#œœnn

#

# œœnb . ‰ Óœœœbbb . œb . œn .

œœœb

bn .

# œœœnbn . œn .# œn .

f!

p

30 V. Successive Subsumption

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Page 34: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 56 -

&

&?

†?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

)32 "

32 # œœbn œn

œœnb

œb œb œœœbbb

œœnb

# œb œb #œn

œœbb

#5 5 5

32 # œœbb . ‰ Óœœœbnn .

œn .œœœœn

n##

. œœœbbb . ‰ . œœbn . œœœbnb .œœœœn

nnn

.œœœnbn .

f p

"

œœnb # #œœnn œœnb

œb

œn œb œb #

œb

œœœbbb

# œœnn . ‰ Óœn .

œn . œn .‰ œ

œbb

. œœœbnb . œœœbbb .# œœnb .

f p

&

&?

?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

())

34 Óœ# œn

34 œb œb#

œn

#œn

‰œb

œnœb œn œb5

34 # œn . ‰ Œ œœœœ#n#

n. œ

œnn .

œn .œn . ‰ # œ

œœbb

n .‰ œ

œnn

. œb .

pizz.

P

f %

slower, q = 80

œn æ , œn æ œ# œn œn œb œn

œn #œœnb œœnb

œœnb #œb

œn #œœœœbbnn ‰

œœœœbbnn œb œn5 5 5

# œœb

b . œb . œœn

n .# œœnb . œb . œ

œœœ#nn

n .‰ œ

œb#

.œœœœ#n

#n

# œœb

b.

œœb

b.

œœn

n.

#œn .

œœ#

n.

œœn# . ‰ œn .œœn

n.

arco

fpizz.

P

31V. Successive Subsumption

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Page 35: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 57 -

&

&?

?

44

44

44

44

44

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

())

Ÿ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~36 œb œn ˙̇nn U

>œn

36œœn

b œœnb œn # œb œn # œb œn # œb œn # ‰ U5 5

5

36œœœœn

nnb

.‰ œn . œb . ‰ # œb . œ

œnn . U

œœb

n.

‰ œœn

b. œb .

‰ # œœb

b. œn .

arco

f %˙b œ œn ˙n

Œ jœn œb œnœœb

œn‰ œn œœnn œb œœœnbn3

3 3 3

œn Jœœbnœn J

œœn

n œœ

jœœœb

nn œœœ

œœb

n œn3

3

33œœ#n Jœn œœnn ‰ Œ ‰ œn œn

3 3 3

espressivo

%con sord.

dolce

pPed

q = 66

&

&?

†?

86

86

86

86

86

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

38

œn œ# œ# œn œ# œn38

œœnn‰ œœnb - ‰ œn - ‰ Œ Jœn œœbn

œœnnœœœn

bn33 3

3

38œ œœ## œœ#n œœn# J

œœ#

# œœœn## jœœœ#

#n œœn

n3

3

3

œ œn œ# œ# Jœ# Œ ‰ œn3 3 3

Fpizz.

parco

Fpizz.

(Ped)

˙n œ œn ˙n

œb ‰ œœnn œn

œn

œœbn ‰ œn œb ‰ œn - ‰3 3 3 3

Jœœ

œœbn jœnœœn

n ˙˙b

n3

3

Jœ œn Jœœnn Œ ˙n3 3

arco

%

32 V. Successive Subsumption

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Page 36: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 58 -

&

&?

†?

86

86

86

86

86

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

!

40

˙n œn œœn

40

‰œn œb

œœœ#nn

œn

œn # œœnn œ

œœn

b

n

œœbn #? &

40 # œn .œœœœnnb œœœ

œb œœœnnnœn

Œ . # œœnn # œn

PedP

(q. = 54)

Each of the next three measuresis a bit slower than the previous.

œ̇# ˙n ˙n œb ˙b œb

œb œœnb œœœnnn#

œb# ‰

œb

œœœbnnœœbn

œb

.œ# œœnnœœœb#n

œœb# ...œœœ#nnœb

..œœnn œb # œn ‰ . œb

F

(q. = 48)

&

&?

†?

43

43

43

43

43

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

!

42 œœb œœb œ ˙b

42 "œœ#n # œœœnbn œœ#n œ# # œb

œœœnnb # œn œn #

42

œœœnn œœnn

œœœnnb œœœ œbœ#

œ œb œb # Œ œœnn œ#

(Ped) !

%

(q. = 45)

œn ÿ œb ÿœb ´ œn ÿ

‰ œb œb œnœœnb ‰? &

Œ œœnb œœbnŒ

‰ œ# . œn .œœb

n .œœnn . ‰ œ# . œ

œnn .

‰ œ# . œn .œb . ‰ ‰

œ# .œn .

pizz.

f

marcato

marcato

F!

q = 90

33V. Successive Subsumption

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

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- 59 -

&

&?

†?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

44

œœnb ÿ œœnb ÿœœbb ÿ

44

œn

œœ## œnœn

‰ œœœbnb

Œ

44 ‰ œœbb . œn . ‰ œœœnnb .œœnn. œb .

‰ œn . œn . Œ œb .œb .

œœbb ÿœœbn ÿ

œœnn

œœnb ‰ œœœb

nn Œ

‰ œn . œn . # œœn

n. œœœbnb .

#œœœb

bn . œœbb .

‰ œn . œœbb .# œb . ‰ # œn .

œn .

!

)œœbn ÿ œœnn ÿ œœnn ÿ

Œœœnn œœœnbb ‰ Œ

3

‰ œœœnnb œœnb Œ œn œn œœ##3

3

‰ œœbn . œn . ‰ œœbn .œœnn .

‰ œœnb .

‰ œn . œn .‰ . œb . ‰ œ# .

)

!

&

&?

?

166

166

166

166

166

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

)

47

œn ÿ œb ÿœb ÿ œn ÿ

47

œn‰ œœbb Œ Jœn Œ3

3

Œ œœœnbn ‰ œœœbnb Œ3

47 œœn

n . œœb

b .œn . œn . ‰ œœœbnb .

‰ œb .

œn . œb .œn . œb . Œ ‰ œn .

!

˙b

# œn œ# œn œœœn#n #

"

® œnœœn

nœb .rœ

œœn

n.

œn.

® œn # œb .rœ œn.

œœn

n.

%arco

%Ped

e. = 100

˙n

œn œn œ# # œn œœn#

"

# . ..

œœn

n # . œb œn ®# œb.

œn.

# # . œn.

® œb.

# œb . # # .œn œb œn

œb

.

œb

.

34 V. Successive Subsumption

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Page 38: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 60 -

&

&?

?

Vln.

Pno.

Comp.

())

50 ˙b ,

50 œ# # œnœn ‰

"50 # . .œn

œb œœœn

nœœb

n.

#Rœn .

Rœn

.œ # . ®œb

œn.

#œœb

n.

(Ped)

œœœnbb

# œn œn œ# # œœn#

"

# . œœ

nn œb .œ

œn# . œb.

œn.

œn.

‰ œn .œœb

œn‰ œn. Rœb .

sul tasto œœœbnb

œn œ# # œnœn œœœn#

"

.œn.œb œ

œnœb œn

œn.

®œœn

b

.# # . œb

.#

‰ . # œnœn œb

œn. ‰ #

œn

.

œn

.

œb œœn œœb

# œn œ# œn ‰"

.œ .œn œœn œb

œn# .

œœn

n

.# ® œb

.

œn

.

œn

.

.œ # .‰ œ

œbn®

œn

.œb.

œœb

n

.

ord.riten. (e. = 60)

35V. Successive Subsumption

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 09:47:05 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Page 39: Supplemental Issue - Milton Babbit: A Composer's Memorial || Call It What You Will

- 61 -

& 44Vln.œ# - œœb .

œœ## . œœ# .

In the manner of a Baroque prelude. Molto rubato, but the average tempo should not be slower than about q»§º.

A full, mostly forte tone is desired unless otherwise indicated. �e familiar chorale melody O Haupt, Voll Blut und Wunden is audible in the high notes of each measure (generally on the first sixteenthof each beat), and the player should go at great lengths to project this with dynamics and phrasing.

f( )

œn -œœn# .

œœn . œ. œ- œœ# .œœn . œœ.

œn - œb - œ œn -œ# - œ- œ# - œ-Rœ

&Vln.2 œ œ# - œn - œ# -

œœ# - œ- œ# - œ- œ# - œœ## œ# œœ## œ# œœ## œ# -œœnb

œœn œœ# œœœœ#

66

sul tasto, poco a poco

p

ord.

f( )

&Vln.3 œn -

œœœnn œœ œœ œœ œ- œb - œn - œ-

œœ#n -œœb - œœn# -

œœ# - œ# -œ# - œ# - œ# -

6

&Vln.4 œU œn - œ# - œn -

œ œ œ œ# œ œ œn œb œ œ# œn - œUœn, -

œn - œ-œn -(very brief ) accel rit.

p

a tempo

f( )

&Vln.5 œ# - œ# . œ# . œ# .

œ- œ œn . œb .œ- œn . œn . œn .

œ. œ œn œnœn -

œ- œ# -œ# - œ# -

œ# - œ- œn -

36

VI. O Haupt

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- 62 -

&Vln.6 œ- œ- œb -

œn - œ- œ- œœb - œœ- œœ. jœb œb .

œ. œn - œœb . œœb .œœbb .Rœn

sul tasto, poco a poco

p

ord.

f( )

&Vln.7 œn - œœ# . œn . œœ# . œ- œ- œb - œ-

œœn# - œœb -œœ## - œœnn -

œ- œœ# œœ## œœ# œœn œœ#6

Rœn

&Vln.8 œ#

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VII. Analeptic

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Matthew Barber: Call It What You Will

From 1998-2002 I was a member of a small group known by others at Juilliard as “The Babbitt Students.” Milton used to say that he was a composer who moonlighted as a music theorist, but this understates the impact on the music world of his vocation as a part-time professional professor. Though I did not know him socially (that is, outside of Monday lessons and the occasional concert), it was clear that even in the most casual situations anyone around him could not help but learn from him. His legendary fluency with language also left its mark: there is an entire lexicon of “Babbitt words and phrases” that his students know by heart, but that one never dared use in conversation or discussion for fear of appearing the poseur. Similarly, to the extent that he developed a curriculum for his compositional instruction, it centered around his reading of a slim canon of pieces – mostly German – each of which reflected and informed his “thinking in and about music” as he would have put it, in its own way. My composition Call It What You Will, for violin, piano, and synthesized sounds, was written in honor of his teaching, his language, and the music he loved. I have thought of it as a gift to him – a piece I hope he would enjoy.

The title of my piece is a “Babbitt phrase” one heard at least a half-dozen times per lesson, most often when he was about to affix a traditional label to something in order to keep up smooth discourse while letting it be known he took no responsibility for furthering its use. Less frequently, on lucky days he would use “call it what you will” to introduce a student to something of his own invention or cultivation, e.g. (I am paraphrasing a statement I must have heard him say a dozen times in four years) “Schoenberg’s twelve-tone method, in contrast to his previous practice of what he called ‘composing with the tones of a motive,’ allowed him to develop the kind of complexity he had sought in so-called tonal music, so that for the first time he could have an atonal piece be – call it what you will – a unified totality, in its capacity for successive subsumption and cumulative containment.” (Successive Subsumption is the title of the central fifth movement of my piece, around which the entire composition is built.) Each movement uses one of the seven different combinations of the “three” members of the ensemble – a compositional device Milton used from the beginning of his career.

The opening and closing movements are entitled Proleptic and Analeptic, Milton’s favored words for temporal reference forward and backward within a piece, respectively. The first movement consists of a series of vignettes for violin and piano which refer to structural or motivic features of the other movements in order, save the fifth; the first and last of these are “broken” quotes of the openings of Babbitt’s two pieces for violin and piano – Sextets and The Joy of More Sextets. The title of the second movement is a pun on his “sextet” titles. It is a set of six preludes played by the synthesizer – three tonal canons and three twelve-tone preludes – over which the pianist plays short excerpts from six musical minds (or “heads”) of the past, each of which many of us studied in lessons with Milton. They appear in chronological order in the piece: Bach’s D-sharp-minor fugue from the first Well-Tempered Clavier book, the variation movement of Beethoven’s opus 109 sonata, Brahms’s opus 116 no. 4, Schoenberg’s opus 23 no. 3, the last movement of Webern’s Variations opus 27, and Stravinsky’s Movements for piano and orchestra.

The third and fourth movements are titled Anyone’s Anodyne and A Passing Nepenthe, phrases that appeared once in Milton’s article A Life of Learning and once again in modified form in a short spoken recording about his article The Composer as Specialist made for a CD entitled Soli e Duettini.

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The sentence as it appears in this recording reads, “After all in the university the physicists’ pursuits were treated with respect – even awe – while the composers’ were treated as trivial pursuits; and even the musical monuments of the past to which lip-service was paid were regarded as anyone’s anodyne, a passing nepenthe.” These titles are meant to reflect his rightful conviction that compositions ought to be regarded as works of thought. The Anyone’s Anodyne movement refers to a particular musical monument of the past which was of great importance to a young Milton Babbitt, viz. Mendelssohn’s violin concerto (a piece he quotes briefly near the beginning of his solo violin piece Melismata). The electronics accompany the violin on trichords from two all-trichord rings (i.e. rows that “wrap around” and which contain all twelve trichord types), taking one trichord from each ring on alternating beats; meanwhile the texture, rhythm, and contour mimic a passage from the slow movement of Mendelssohn’s concerto. The fourth movement, A Passing Nepenthe for solo piano, is a veiled take on Milton’s show-tune piano playing. The few times I heard him play I was struck by his ear for voice-leading and chromatic mixture: it was like popular music informed by Brahms. It was in that vein, then, that I wrote this movement. The harmonies are tetrachords which all come from an all-tetrachord ring; as a bonus, the first eight pitch-classes in order form an 8-note row whose constituent tetrachords in order are the combinatorial tetrachords, a row I used in several pieces I wrote while studying with him. A second bonus – this ring is missing the pitch-class D, which opens the next movement.

The fifth movement, Successive Subsumption, is the only to use all three instruments, and is built on a 16-aggregate combinatorial array using one of the all-trichord rings from movement 3 as a traditional row. This row serendipitously has the hexachord from Schoenberg’s 4th string quartet – a staple in the Babbitt classroom – with some pitch-classes in the proper order. After a presentation of the row, quoting the Schoenberg quartet, the remaining aggregates use the 15 four-voice partition types; the whole movement is divided into four sub-movements of four aggregates each. The first two sub-movements quote heavily from the Schoenberg quartet, at the proper pitch where possible. The violin, piano, and electronics each has its own mode of progression that exists somewhat independently of the other instruments.

O Haupt is the sixth movement, for solo violin. A close listening will reveal that the highest pitches of each beat form the chorale melody O Haupt Voll Blut und Wunden which Bach set several times in the St. Matthew Passion. Harmony and counterpoint come from aggregates derived from the discrete trichords of the chorale melody. Analeptic, the short last movement, is for electronics alone. A second definition of “analeptic” as a restorative has obvious connections to the titles of the third and fourth movements, while the music recasts the Babbitt quotes from the first movement with filtered noise.

-Matthew Barber

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