Super Science · Widgit Symbols ©Widgit Software 2012 British Science Association Super Science p1...
Transcript of Super Science · Widgit Symbols ©Widgit Software 2012 British Science Association Super Science p1...
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SuperScience
Symbol supported science activities
Pupils hand-out
Part of the British Science Association’s British Science Week activity pack series. www.britishscienceweek.org
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Spinning screws
Put the magnet on top of the screw.
Put screw tip on the bottom of the battery.
Put the wire on top of the battery.
Find the other end of the wire.
Touch the wire on the edge of the magnet.
Watch the screw spin.
Equipment magnet screw battery wire
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Turn over the magnet and try the experiment again
What is the difference?
Touch the wire on the bottom of the magnet.
Touch the wire in the middle of the magnet.
Does it work as easily?
Think of new experiments
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Decorate the screw.
Get some small bits of paper.
Make some wings or a body.
Stick it to the screw with blu-tac.
Think of new experiments
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The battery makes a current.
Magnetism and a current creates movement.
Explanation
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magnet
battery
spin
tip
screw
wire
touch
current
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top
side
same
electricity
bottom
middle
different
blu-tac
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Listen to the note
medium string
heavy string
high medium low
thin string
Skiffle bass data sheet
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Tie the washer or bead to the end of the string.
Put the other end of the string through the hole in the box.
The washer or bead must be inside the box.
skiffle bass
Equipment
different threads: twine, light string, heavy string
a washer or bead
a cardboard or wooden box without a lid
60cm strip of wood with a hole at the end
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Thread the other end of the string through the hole in the stick.
Pull the string through so it is the same as the picture below.
Tightly tie the string to the stick.
skiffle bass
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Ask a friend to hold down the end of the box.
Press the bottom of the stick down on the box
Pull the top of the stick so the string tight.
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skiffle bass
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Pluck the string and listen to the note.
Tighten the string, What is the difference?
loosen the string, What is the difference?
Press the string lower against the stick.
The string is shorter.
Is the note different?
Try a range of notes.
skiffle bass
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Change the thickness of the string.
What is the difference?
Think of new experiments
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A tight string vibrates faster.
A faster vibration makes a higher note.
A short string makes a high note.
A thick string makes a low note.
Explanation
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string
bead
tie
tight
box
washer
note
loose
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listen
high
pull
pluck
vibrate
low
thread
thin string
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Aeroplane engineers
Equipment sheets of paper
Fold the paper in half.
Fold the corner back.
Fold the edge back.
Fold the edge back again.
Turn over and fold the same.
Unfold the plane.
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Fold up the end of the wings a little.
What difference does the fold make?
Try folding the wings up more.
What is the difference?
Fold the ends of the wings and the body clockwise.
What is the difference?
Aeroplane engineers
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Find a book that shows you how to make paper planes.
How much better are these?
Think of new experiments
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Air resistance slow objects when they fall.
Paper is light and has a large area.
Air resistance means paper takes time to fall.
A good paper plane can fly a long way while it is falling.
Wing shape causes the air to move the plane in different directions.
Explanation
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fold
turn over
body
air resistance
paper
plane
wings
air
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Put the funnel into the balloon.
Pour fizzy drink into the balloon.
Quickly tie the balloon.
Shake the balloon to make the drink fizz.
What happens?
Fizzics experiment
large balloon small funnel short string Equipment
Bottle of very fizzy drink
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Try fizzy water.
Does fizzy water work as well.
Try putting the balloon in a sink of warm water.
What happens.
Think of new experiments
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the gas in fizzy drinks is carbon dioxide.
The gas dissolves in the liquid.
Shaking causes the gas to fizz out and expand the balloon.
Explanation
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fizzy
funnel
shake
carbon dioxide
balloon
string
warm water
dissolve
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Which is the slowest?
Two magnets
Three magnets
fastest medium slowest
One magnet
Invisible treacle data sheet
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Invisible treacle
Touch the the magnet onto the copper tube.
Is copper magnetic?
yes no
Equipment copper tube 4 magnets small object
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Hold the tube at the top so it is vertical.
Drop the small object down the tube.
Does it fall quickly?
yes no
Invisible treacle
Drop 2 magnets down the tube.
Ask a friend to drop 2 magnets next to the tube
at the same time.
Which magnets fall quickest?
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Look down the tube while the magnets are falling.
Make sure the tube is vertical.
What do you see?
Invisible treacle
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Try 4 magnets instead of 2 magnets.
What is the difference?
Try 3 magnets.
What is the difference?
Try 1 magnet.
What is the difference?
Think of new experiments
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Magnets create current when moving near to a metal.
The current slows down the falling magnet.
Explanation
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magnet
magnetic
fast
slow down
copper tube
vertical
slow
metal
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Fill the half a table tennis ball with plasticine.
smooth over the top.
Poke a cocktail stick in the centre down to the bottom.
Kelly wobbles
Equipment half a table tennis ball plasticine
cocktail sticks 3 balls of plasticine
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Put 2 small pieces of plasticine to the top of the cocktail stick.
Push the top, does it bounce back?
yes no
Put one small piece of plasticine on the top of the cocktail stick.
Push the top, does it bounce back?
yes no
Kelly wobbles
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Does it wobble differently?
yes no
yes no
Kelly wobbles
Put 3 small pieces of plasticine to the top of the cocktail stick.
Push the top, does it bounce back?
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Try the experiment again.
Use a shorter cocktail stick.
What is the difference?
Use paper to decorate your Kelly.
You could decorate your Kelly like a clown.
Think of new experiments
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Most of the weight is at the bottom.
A small weight at the top means it bounces back.
A big weight at the top stops it bouncing back.
Double decker buses have a lot of weight low down.
Buses don't fall over easily!
Explanation
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half a table tennis ball
plasticine
wobble
push
cocktail stick
smooth
fill
bounce back
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small
large
bottom
difference
medium
top
shorter
centre
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Drop it in
Put the card on top of the beaker.
Put an object on top of the card.
Slowly Pull out the card and see what happens.
Equipment plastic beaker piece of card
Objects
some rough some smooth
some heavy some light
All objects must fit in the beaker.
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Try the experiment again.
Pull out the card quickly.
What happens?
Try all the objects.
Put the objects in order:
Easiest to fit in the beaker first.
Hardest to fit in the beaker last.
Drop it in
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How slowly can you pull out the card?
to get an object in the beaker.
Is it the same for all objects.
Think of new experiments
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Smooth objects create less friction.
Heavy objects are harder to move.
Heavy and smooth objects fall into the beaker most easily.
Explanation
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beaker
friction
snatch
into
card
pull
fit
fall
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rough
heavy
drop
easiest to fit
smooth
light
object
hardest to fit
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Put the soil in the large container.
Make a hole in the soil.
Put the small container in the hole.
Make some mountains in the soil.
Rainmaker
soil cling film sticky tape Equipment
large clear container small clear container
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Fill the small container with water.
Dig up a weed and plant it like a tree.
Stretch the cling film over the large container.
Put tape round the cling film and container.
Make sure there are no holes.
Rainmaker
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Put the container in a warm place.
On a sunny day put the container in the sunlight.
Wait for a few hours.
Wait a few days if it is not warm.
What do you see on the cling film?
Where has it come from?
Rainmaker
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Use dry soil and wait for a very long time.
The drops from the cling film moisten the soil.
This experiment shows the water cycle.
The water cycle explains where rain comes from.
Think of new experiments
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The warmth makes some of the water turn into a gas
The gas is water vapour.
Water vapour is invisible.
Water becoming gas is called evaporation.
The water vapour cannot escape and condenses on the cling film.
The water falls to the soil.
Explanation
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container
cling film
small
cover
soil
sticky tape
large
water cycle
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water vapour
condensation
warmth
gas
evaporation
invisible
moist
escape
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Fold the front corners of the card.
Cut a triangular piece at the other end.
Make it like the picture.
You have a paper boat.
Wizzy Washing up liquid
Equipment card sink scissors pencil
washing up liquid in a small pot
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Place the boat in the sink.
Dip the point of a pencil in the washing up liquid.
Use a tiny drop.
Touch the pencil to the v at the back of the boat.
What happens?
Wizzy Washing up liquid
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In a large sink try again using more washing up liquid.
Use a new piece of card for each experiment.
Try making the front of the boat more pointed.
What can you do to make the boat go a long way?
How can you make the boat move further?
Think of new experiments
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The surface of water is like a skin.
The skin is stretched.
Washing up liquid tears the skin at the back of the boat.
The skin pulls the boat forward.
Explanation
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card
sink
pencil
boat
scissors
washing up liquid
fold
longer
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front
skin
tiny
water
back
point
forward
surface
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Carefully fasten the red filter to one torch with sticky tape.
Carefully fasten the green filter to the other torch.
Find a wall in a dark place.
Fasten the white paper to the wall.
Light entertainment
white paper blu-tac sticky tape Equipment
red filter green filter
2 torches, equally bright.
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Shine the red torch on the paper.
Shine the green torch on paper .
Do not overlap the green and red beams.
Next, try overlapping the green and red beams,
What do you see?
Light entertainment
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Look through the red filter.
Look through the green filter.
Now put one filter in front of the other filter.
Look through both filters.
What do you see?
Think of new experiments
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Shining both torches you can see both colours.
The human eye sees red and green as yellow.
A red filter allows red light through.
A green filter allows green light through.
Both filters stops most light.
Explanation
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torch
filter
green
fasten
bright
red
yellow
ray of light
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shine
sticky tape
colours
through
paper
overlap
in front
both filters
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Draw coloured dots along the edge of the tissue.
Draw six dots of different colours.
Fill container with water.
Hold the tissue at the top.
Dip the edge of the tissue in the water.
Dip the tissue for several seconds.
Colour split
Equipment felt pens container tissue water
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Watch what happens as the water rises up.
Is this quick or slow?
Put the tissue on the table.
What do you see?
Have the colours changed?
Colour split
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Watch paint being mixed in a DIY store
Are the colours what you expect?
What happens when you mix coloured paints in Art Class.
Think of new experiments
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Colours are mixed to make a felt-tip have a special colour.
Different colours mixed together look like a new colour.
Explanation
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felt pens
tissues
edge
touch
container
dots
colours
paints
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Tie the fork to the middle of the string.
Use sticky tape to hold it tight.
Wrap one end of the string around your first finger
Wrap the other end around the first finger of your other hand.
Noisy cutlery
plastic fork plastic spoon
Equipment metal fork metal spoon
piece of string as long as your arm sticky tape
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Swing the prongs against the edge of a table.
Listen to the sound it makes.
Now put your fingers in both your ears.
Keep the string attached.
Knock the prongs against the edge of the table again.
What is the difference?
Noisy cutlery
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Try the experiment with the metal spoon
What is the difference?
try with the plastic fork and spoon
What is the difference?
Try the experiment with different string.
Try thin string and thick string.
Think of new experiments
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Sound travels through solids best.
Sound travels well through string
Sound travel badly through air.
Some objects give out more sound.
Some objects vibrate more easily.
Explanation
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string
plastic
spoon
listen
metal
fork
sticky tape
prongs
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first finger
sound
air
thin string
vibrate
solid
thick string
tight
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Imagine you have no tea bags.
Mum's friend is coming at tea time.
You have loose tea.
You do not have a tea strainer.
Can you make tea bags?
Which material is best to make tea bags?
Investigation 1: Teabag trouble
loose tea
3 pegs teaspoon kitchen roll
3 clippits 3 glasses
material
Equipment
j-cloth newspaper
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Put a teaspoon of loose tea in the middle of a piece of kitchen roll.
Fold up the edges around the loose tea.
Use a clippit and fasten the loose tea inside the kitchen roll.
It is important the loose tea cannot escape.
Repeat using the j-cloth and the newspaper.
Now You have 3 teabags.
Carefully fill 3 glasses with hot water.
Making teabags
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Clip a peg to the top of each teabag.
Ask two friends to help.
Give each friend a teabag and glass.
Dip the teabags in the hot water.
Dip the teabags for about a 1 minute.
The experiment
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Remove the tea bags.
Do not drink the tea!
Which teabag is the darkest colour?
Did any tea bags leak?
Try other materials.
What material makes the best teabag?
The shop opens and mum dashes to buy proper tea bags.
The experiment
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Why are some materials are better for making tea bags?
Can you explain?
Can you think of better materials to use?
Design a poster showing your experiment.
Think of new experiments
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loose tea
clippit
tea strainer
j-cloth
teabag
peg
glass
newspaper
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Investigation 1 - teabag trouble p7
kitchen roll
teaspoon
dunk
strongest colour
material
hot water
leak
don't drink
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Teabag trouble data sheet
Which material is best?
newspaper
material
light colour medium colour dark colour
j-cloth
kitchen roll
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Investigation 2: Super spinners
paperclips scissors sticky tape
Equipment template to make tray template to make spinner
Many things fly through the air.
Aeroplanes, helicopters and gliders can fly.
Animals like birds and insects can fly.
Air is important for flight.
No air means no flight.
You will learn about things moving in the air.
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Hold 1 piece of paper flat.
Drop the paper.
What happens?
Scrunch up the paper a bit and drop it again.
What happens?
Scrunch the paper tightly.
Does the paper fall differently?
Experiment 1
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Look at the tray template.
Carefully cut along the dotted lines.
Fold along the straight lines.
Fold the corners.
Put sticky tape to fasten the corners.
Make your tray like the picture.
Experiment 1
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Hold the tray the right way up like the picture.
Drop the tray.
Does the tray fall differently to the piece of paper?
Try dropping the tray upside down.
What is the difference?
Experiment 1
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Air resistance affects falling objects.
Paper has a large area.
The air resistance is large and the paper is light.
The piece of paper falls slowly.
Scrunched up paper has a smaller area touching the air.
The air resistance is smaller.
The scrunched up paper falls faster.
Explanation
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Dropping the tray the right way up.
The air can flow smoothly past the edges.
The tray is streamlined.
The tray falls smoothly.
The tray does not wobble.
Dropping the tray upside down.
Air is trapped underneath.
The air tries to escape causing the tray to wobble.
The tray might turn over during the fall.
Explanation
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air resistance area streamlined
Cars, planes and bikes are streamlined.
Cars, planes and bikes can move fast through air easily.
Think about cyclist's clothing.
Ideas to talk about
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Cut out the medium spinner.
Fold it like the picture.
Put a paper clip at the bottom.
Drop it from a height.
you must ask before climbing on furniture.
Watch the spinner during the fall.
Try it several times.
Does it spin?
Does it start spinning straight away?
Experiment 2
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Repeat the using the large spinner.
Make sure you look for all the differences.
Write down all the differences you can.
Try again using the small spinner.
Which spinner is best?
Can you improve the spinners?
Experiment 2
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Add more paper clips to the bottom.
Try cutting the wings smaller.
Try more experiments.
Which spinner falls the slowest and spins well?
Write down the results.
OR
Tell other people the results and demonstrate your spinners.
Think of new experiments
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Explanation
Why does the spinner spin?
The wings are on diagonally opposite sides of the middle.
The air resistance pushes the wings in opposite directions,
causing the spinner to spin around the centre.
Imagine 2 people pushing either side of a roundabout.
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spinner
template
paperclip
tray
air
scissors
sticky tape
scrunch
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air resistance
streamlined
escape
wing
flow
wobble
turn over
opposite directions
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plastic cup paperback book scouring sponge
1 pieces of wood measuring: 3 x 4.5 x 8 cm
Group work 1: Slippery slopes
At what angle do objects slide down a slope?
During this experiment you will find out.
compass ruler Equipment card parcel tape
two pieces of wood measuring: 30 x 12 x 1 cm
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Put the ends of the two pieces of wood together.
Use strips of parcel tape to join the wood together.
Make sure the tape is pressed down and sticks well.
The parcel tape makes a hinge.
Fold one piece of wood back.
Make the slope
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This experiment measures steepness of a slope when an object slides.
Use a compass to draw a big circle on the card.
Draw a line across the centre of the circle.
Steepness scale
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Make marks along the edge of the circle every 2 cm.
Mark a quarter of the circle.
This is a steepness scale.
Use the ruler to mark accurately like the picture.
Steepness scale
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Putting together the apparatus is tricky.
Fold the card under the wood and prop it up.
The line through the circle must line up with the top of the wood.
Make sure your apparatus looks like the picture.
Putting together the apparatus
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Put an object on top of the wood.
Slowly Lift the top piece of wood to make a slope.
You must lift the wood very slowly.
When the object starts to slide,
look at the steepness scale and remember the number.
Try each experiment three times.
Decide the best number and fill in the data sheet.
The experiment
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Try different objects and fill in the data sheet:
Try the paperback book.
Try the plastic cup.
Try the scouring sponge on the rough side
Try the scouring sponge on the smooth side.
Try the block of wood on the thick edge.
Try the block of wood on the thin edge.
The experiment
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What is interesting about the two block of wood experiments?
Which objects slide easily.
Which objects do not slide easily
when would slipping on a slope be useful
When would slipping on a slope be dangerous?
Think about activities in mountains.
Where else would slipping on a slope be a problem?
Questions
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Make a poster showing your results.
Write about places where slipping on a slope is useful.
Write about places where slipping on a slope is dangerous.
Make you poster colourful.
Results poster
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objects
card
ruler
piece of wood
slide
paper
compass
block of wood
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pencil
measure
hinge
scouring sponge
mark
steep
parcel tape
plastic cup
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join
circle
quarter
paperback book
fold
angle
centre
steepness scale
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data sheet
prop
thick
edge
slope
slow
thin
strips of tape
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Slippery slopes data sheet
Steepness scale Material
scouring sponge smooth side
scouring sponge rough side
paperback book
plastic cup
block of wood thick edge
block of wood thin edge
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Slippery slopes data sheet
Steepness scale Material
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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How high can you make a heap?
You will make a heap using different materials.
Group work 2: Slipping slopes
paper torch card
rice flour lentils
apparatus
couscous sugar jug
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Put the couscous into the jug.
Very gently pour onto a sheet of paper.
Try to make the highest heap.
Fold a piece of card and prop it up behind the heap.
Put a torch level with the heap and the paper.
You should see the heap shadow on the paper.
Carefully draw around the shadow.
The experiment
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Repeat the experiment using sugar, Flour, Rice, lentils.
Which makes the steepest heap?
Which makes the most pointed heap?
Experiment using other materials.
The experiment
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Make a poster showing your results.
Put the shadow drawings on the poster.
Write about the experiment.
Think about places where slopes slip down.
Think about when slopes slip down.
Find information about the Aberfan landslide.
Results poster
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card
ruler
pencil
draw
paper
torch
jug
heap
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shadow
couscous
lentils
shine
sugar
rice
flour
level
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pour
materials
landslide
prop
steep
avalanche
highest
pointed
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material
sugar
lentils
flour
rice
couscous
high medium order low
Heap steepness
Slipping slopes data sheet