Super ModelHow are protons and electrons arranged in atoms?

Notebook Super Model, Part 1

How are electrons and protons arranged in an atom?

Put it in your TOC

Page 162 Different spectra caused by differences

between atoms

Questions we’re asking: HOW are they different? How does the structure of an atom vary

from element to element?

Models What does a model do?

What does it allow us to do that we normally wouldn’t do?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqNSQ3OQMGI

Page 167 – What is a Model? Physical Model

An object on a different scale Example?

Conceptual model Describes a system, not a thing Example?

Example of model - DNA

Example of model - Gravity

Blind Drawing Activity One person come up to the board

Feel an object in their hands, EYES CLOSED

Have 20 seconds to draw it on the board

You are modeling using evidence…

Process and Procedure #1: Read 164-165 INSTEAD of #2: Explain Rutherford’s experiment by using

a sentence for each of these words. Show how it is related to the reading/experiment.

Use these words: Gold foil, alpha particles, nucleus, empty

space, rebound, target, model, protons, electrons, positive, negative

Web stuff http://

www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/ruther14.swf

Stop and Think, p. 169 Let’s just discuss #2

Good discussion looks like what? Respectful Quiet when it’s not your turn Creative

History of the Atom

The modern model of the atom has evolved over a long period of time through the work of many scientists Democritus ▪ matter is made up of particles called atoms

Dalton ▪ atoms of the same element are alike ▪ solid indivisible spheres

Thomson ▪ cathode ray tube ▪ discovers electrons

▪ plum pudding model

History of the Atom

Rutherford Gold foil

experiment ▪ discovers a

massive (heavy) positively (+) charged nucleus

▪ most of the atoms volume is empty space

▪ nuclear model

History of the Atom

Continued Bohr ▪ Hydrogen emission spectra▪ electron energy is quantized – electrons can only

have certain orbits with certain radii▪ planetary model

Schrödinger▪ Aided by many famous scientists (De Broglie,

Heisenberg, etc…)▪ Wave-mechanical or electron cloud or quantum-

mechanical model (very complex)

History of the Atom

Question:

Subatomic particles can usually pass undeflected through an atom because the volume of an atom is composed of

(1) an uncharged nucleus(2) largely empty space(3) neutrons(4) protons

Question:

One model of the atom states that atoms are tiny particles composed of a uniform mixture of positive and negative charges. Scientists conducted an experiment where alpha particles were aimed at a thin layer of gold atoms. Most of the alpha particles passed directly through the gold atoms. A few alpha particles were deflected from their straight-line paths. An illustration of the experiment is shown below.

Black Box Activity Eight groups Each group chooses a SECRET object

Place the object in the box at your station Make sure others don’t see it

Go around and record what you observe/test for the other boxes

Make a guess You can walk around alone or in a group