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DECREASESLIFT

INCREASES DRAG

DECREASESTHRUST

INCREASESWEIGHT

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OTHER EFFECTS

Block the pitot and static inlets leading Skin damage from chunks of ice breaking off propellers Obscuration of windscreens Control surface jam Radio interference due to ice build-up on aerials Landing gear deployment / retraction problems

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Intensity of Icing

TRACE - PERCEPTIBLE, NO SIGNIFICANTACCUMULATION

LIGHT - SIGNIFICANT ACCUMULATION FOR A PROLONGED FLIGHT (OVER 1 HOUR)

MODERATE - SIGNIFICANT ACCUMULATION FOR SHORTER PERIODS OF FLIGHT

SEVERE - RAPID, DANGEROUS ACCUMULATIONS

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Supercooled water Droplets (SLD)

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Supercooled water Droplets (SLD)

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Supercooled water Droplets (SLD)

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Types of Icing

Clear ice, or glaze ice, forms when large supercooled droplets impact with an airframe.

Forms from impact with small supercooled droplets.

Combination of clear ice and rime ice and occurs where both types of water droplets are present.

This type of icing is very severe and very similar to clear ice.

CLEAR :

RIME :

MIX :

RAIN ICE:

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Clear Icing

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Rime Icing

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Rain Icing

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Be well educated (anti/de-icing equipment) Examine the forecasts Clear ice from airframe Expect icing FL? Avoid known areas