الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم

Natural Disasters

Sundes, Asma, Karimah, Sana, and Roaa12 Grade Girls

Earthquakes

• An earthquake is also known as a quake, tremor, or temblor is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.

• Earthquakes occur from the moving and shifting of the plates in the Earth's crust.

• An Earthquake is caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. When the tension builds between 2 plates scraping against each other, there is a whole lot of tension, but when an earthquake occurs, all of that tension is released.This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake.

Preventions• There is no way to prevent

earthquakes from happening.  Since they are caused by the movements of plates that make up the Earth's crust, they cannot be prevented by any means that human beings now have available to them.

• What we can do is to try to make earthquakes less damaging. 

• Countries that get a lot of earthquakes and are relatively rich have building codes that require buildings to be made in ways that allow them to survive earthquakes.

How to Survive an Earthquake• Abandon your belongings

(they're way less important than your life).

• Listen to the authorities. • Head for higher ground. • Climb a tree (if you can't

head for higher ground). • Don't count on roads holding

up. • Find a sturdy building and

head for the roof. • Don't count on it being over

after the first wave-- the first wave may not even be the biggest.

Tsunamis• Tsunami waves are caused by

earthquakes, underwater volcanic eruption or any such disturbances.

• A tsunami is usually caused by a powerful earthquake under the ocean floor. This earthquake pushes a large volume of water to the surface, creating waves. These waves are the tsunami. In the deep ocean these waves are small. As they approach the coast these waves get bigger and more dangerous.

• Tsunami waves can cause tremendous damage when they reach land..

Effects Tsunamis Can Make 

• They can destroy lives/drowned loved ones.• Wash away properties. • Wash away and drowned pets. • The sound will make you scared and after it

happens you might not be able to sleep well because you might hear the sound of a tsunami at night.

• You won’t have anything to live like: Food, clothes, shelter, beds and blankets

Floods• Floods can be defined as an overflow or

downpour of water accumulating in an area where water is normally absent.

• Floods usually occur within a short period of time due to the soil's inability to absorb the water fast enough. According to the United States Geological Survey, floods were the natural disaster that caused the highest number of deaths and the most property damage in the United States during the twentieth century.

• Of all the natural disasters, floods are the most common and occur in the most places, with the only exception being fire.

• Flooding results in heavy currents that have the capacity to loosen structures and collapse foundations, destroying even the toughest of buildings.

How to Stay Safe During a Flood

When a Flood is Imminent

• Be prepared! Pack a bag with important items in case you need to evacuate. Don't forget to include needed medications.

• If advised to evacuate your home, do so immediately.

• If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground.

• If possible, bring in outdoor furniture and move essential items to an upper floor.

• Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so. Disconnect electrical appliances.

During a Flood• Do not walk through moving water.

As little as 6 inches (15 centimeters) of moving water can make you fall.

• If you have to walk in water, wherever possible, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you.

• Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely.

• Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.

Tornadoes• A tornado is a rapidly spinning

column of air formed in severe thunderstorms. The rotating column, or vortex, forms inside the storm cloud and grows downward until it touches the ground.

• Although a tornado is not as large as its parent thunderstorm, it is capable of extreme damage because it packs very high wind speeds into a compact area.

• Tornadoes have been known to shatter buildings, drive straws through solid wood, lift locomotives from their tracks, and pull the water out of small streams

Safety Tips for a Tornado• Prepare for tornadoes by gathering

emergency supplies including food, water, medications, batteries, flashlights, important documents, road maps, and a full tank of gasoline.

• When a tornado approaches, anyone in its path should take shelter indoors—preferably in a basement or an interior first-floor room or hallway.

• Avoid windows and seek additional protection by getting underneath large, solid pieces of furniture.

• Avoid automobiles and mobile homes, which provide almost no protection from tornadoes.

• Those caught outside should lie flat in a depression or on other low ground and wait for the storm to pass.

Be Careful and Always be Prepared!Thank You for Your Attention.

وبركاته الله ورحمة عليكم السالم