Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925)

1911 Manchu DynastySun Yat-sen becomes presidentHopes to establish govt. based on the three principles of the people.

1. Nationalism

2. Democracy

3. People’s Livelihood

Overthrow of Manchu Dynasty (1644-1911)

Era of the Warlords (1916-1926)

Local concentrations of power emergemilitary leaders & local gentry take control of the provinces.

Warlord armies terrorize the countryside.

Millions of peasants die of famine & disease.

Peasants’ desire for land went unresolved; landless grew

World War I--Asia

Japan:

•Seeking a foothold in China

•1917-China aides allies vs.Germany

•1919 Treaty of Versailles:•Japan gains territory & privileges previously belonging to Germany in China.

•Result: May Fourth Movement

May Fourth Movement: May 4, 1919

students protest in Peking.

slogan: ‘Down with the Imperialists’

1. Spreads to other cities

becomes a nationalist movement:

2. Nationalism & anti-imperialist sentiment grow.

May Fourth Movement: May 4, 1919

Outcome:Create broad based coalition.

Force release of imprisoned studentsdismissal of Japanese officials from govt.reformers turn against Sun Yat-sen’s belief in western democracy.

Mao Tse-tung

Rise of Marxism & Formation of the CCP

Marxism:Seen as a method to vitalize Chinese peasantry.

Gains acceptance in wake of industrialization.

Capitalism seen as cause of foreign exploitation & aggression.

1921—CCP formed

KMT and CCP Alliance

Sun Yat-sen organizes the KMT along Bolsheviks lines

1923—Lenin sends military advisors & equipment in return for allowing the CCP to join forces with the KMT.

Chiang Kai-shek

Break-up of KMT and CCP

1925

Chiang Kai-shek emerges as KMT leader

KMT & CCP forces successfully defeat the Warlords.

1927—Chiang fears CCP and its leaders.

KMT troops overrun Shanghai

Execute CCP leaders & union members.

“Purges” spread to other cities.

Surviving CCP leaders go into hiding.

Nationalist Republic of China (1928-37)

Chiang Kai-shek becomes President.U.S. & Britain recognizes KMT government

Government becomes dictatorial and corrupt.

•Focuses on modernizing & developing cities.

•Ignores the peasants—life does not improve

Mao Tse-tung and the Peasants

Recognizes potential.

Organizing soviets to train peasants

Divides CCP land amongst peasants

Wins their loyalty

Civil War--1930Red Army is a Well trained guerilla army.

1933—700,000 KMT soldiers surround CCP’s stronghold.

•CCP outnumbered 6 to 1.

1934--CCP forces flee for their lives.

The Long March 1934-35

WW II begins in ASIA

1937 Japan launches all out invasion of China.

Japanese threat forces a KMT & CCP truce.

CCP under Mao mobilize peasants for guerilla war against Japan

1942-45 Chiang Kai-shek gathers 2.5 million soldiersReceived 1.5 billion in U.S. money & equipment to fight Japan.

Japan defeated in 1945.

1945—CCP controls No. China & KMT Controls So. China.

Chiang Kai-shek with FDR & Winston Churchill

Civil War 1946-49

KMT outnumbers CCP

KMT can’t muster popular support

China’s economy collapses

Thousands of KMT soldiers desert

Chiang receives 2.5 billion more in U.S. aid

Mao Zedong Proclaiming the

People’s Republic of China

1949 Mao’s Red Army takes over China’s Major Cities.

Mao gains control of the country

Chiang Kai-shek & KMT leaders flee to Taiwan

Credits

Beck, Roger B. et al. Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction.Boston: McDougal Littell. 1999.

Craig, Albert M. et al. The Heritage of Western CivilizationsNew Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 2000.

No Author Given. Chinese Photo Gallery. http://www.chinese-gifts.com.hk/index.htm

No Author Given. China. Compton’s Encyclopedia Onlinehttp://www.comptons.com/encyclopedia/ARTICLES/0025/00397568_A.html