Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two...

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Transcript of Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two...

Page 1: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.
Page 2: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• Universe: All existing matter and space considered as a whole.

• Galaxy: A system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction.

• Milky Way: The galaxy that contains our Solar System.

• Solar System: The collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit round the sun, together with smaller bodies in the form of asteroids, meteoroids, and comets.

• Sun: The star round which the earth orbits.

• Planets of the Solar System:– Mercury

– Venus– Earth– Mars– Jupiter– Saturn– Uranus– Neptune– Pluto: dwarf planet.

Page 3: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.
Page 4: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• The Solar System is made up of all the planets that orbit our Sun. In addition to planets, the Solar System also consists of moons, comets, asteroids, minor planets, and dust and gas.

• Scientists believe that the Solar System evolved from a giant cloud of dust and gas. They believe that this dust and gas began to collapse under the weight of its own gravity. As it did so, the matter contained within this could begin moving in a giant circle, much like the water in a drain moves around the centre of the drain in a circle.

• At the centre of this spinning cloud, a small star began to form. This star grew larger and larger as it collected more and more of the dust and gas that collapsed into it.

• Further away from the centre of this mass where the star was forming, there were smaller clumps of dust and gas that were also collapsing. The star in the centre eventually ignited forming our Sun, while the smaller clumps became the planets, minor planets, moons, comets, and asteroids.

Page 5: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• The Sun is the star at the centre of the Solar System. It is almost perfectly spherical and consists of hot plasma interwoven with magnetic fields.

• The Sun contains around 98% of all the material in the Solar System. The larger an object is, the more gravity it has. Because the Sun is so large, its powerful gravity attracts all the other objects in the Solar System towards it. At the same time, these objects, which are moving very rapidly, try to fly away from the Sun, outward into the emptiness of outer space. The result of the planets trying to fly away, at the same time that the Sun is trying to pull them inward is that they become trapped half-way in between. Balanced between flying towards the Sun, and escaping into space, they spend eternity orbiting around their parent star.

Page 6: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• Mercury is the closest planet to theSun and due to its proximity it is noteasily seen except during twilight. For every two orbits of the Sun, Mercurycompletes three rotations about its axis and up until 1965 it was thought thatthe same side of Mercury constantly faced the Sun. Thirteen times a centuryMercury can be observed from theEarth passing across the face of the Sun in an event called a transit, the next will occur on the 9th May 2016.

Page 7: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• Venus is the second planet from the Sun and is the second brightest object in the night sky after the Moon. Named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty, Venus is the second largest terrestrial planet and is sometimes referred to as the Earth’s sister planet due the their similar size and mass. The surface of the planet is obscured by an opaque layer of clouds made up of sulphuric acid.

Page 8: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• Earth is the third planet from the Sun and is the largest of the terrestrial planets. Unlike the other planets in the solar system that are named after classic deities the Earth’s name comes from the Anglo-Saxon word erda which means ground or soil. The Earth was formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago and is the only known planet to support life.

Page 9: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. Named after the Roman god of war, and

often described as the “Red Planet” due to its reddish appearance.

• Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere composed primarily of carbon

dioxide.

Page 10: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and

is two and a half times bigger than all the other

planets in the solarsystem combined. It is made

primarily of gases and is therefore known as a “gas

giant”.

Page 11: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the most distant that can be seen with the naked eye. It is best known for its fabulous ring system that was discovered in 1610 by the astronomer Galileo Galilei.

Page 12: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It’s not visible to the naked eye, and became the first planet discovered with the use of a telescope. Uranus is tipped over on its side with an axial tilt of 98 degrees. It is often described as “rolling around the Sun on its side.”

Page 13: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun and is the most distant planet

from the Sun. This gas giant planet may have formed much closer to the Sun in

early solar system history before migrating to its present position.

Page 14: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.

• Pluto was known as the smallest planet in the solar system and the ninth planet from the

sun. Today, Pluto is called a "dwarf planet." A dwarf planet orbits the sun just like

other planets, but it is smaller. A dwarf planet is so small it cannot clear other objects

out of its path.

Page 15: Sun: Pluto: dwarf planet. · •The planet Jupiter is the fifth planet out from the Sun, and is two and a half times bigger than all the other planets in the solar system combined.