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SUMMER SUMMER TRAINING TRAINING

PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

By:-By:-Prakhar PouranickPrakhar PouranickB.Tech ,Chemical EngineeringB.Tech ,Chemical Engineering4th4th Year YearDept. Of Chemical EngineeringDept. Of Chemical EngineeringSRM University, ChennaiSRM University, ChennaiTamil Nadu,IndiaTamil Nadu,India

Summer Training-IISubject Code:-CH0409

University of Allahabad, Allahabad(U.P.),India

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Allahabad University, AllahabadBotany Department

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Topics

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Cold Extraction of Secondary Metabolites from lichen

Extraction of essential oils using Clevenger apparatus

Compound Characterization through TLC

Metabolites

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Metabolites are the intermediates and products of metabolism

Functions, including fuel, structure, signalling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own

Interactions with other organisms such as pigments, odorants, and pheromones

Primary and secondary

Cold Extraction of Secondary Metabolites

from Lichen Place the suitably crushed plant material, or a moderately coarse powder made from it, in a closed vessel and add the solvent

The system is allowed to stand for some days with occasional shaking

The liquid thus obtained is mixed and clarified by filtration The settled matter is further processed in a Rotary evaporator,

again it is dried and weighed to determine the percentage yield

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Filtration process

 

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Calculations

Weight of empty tube=1.051 grams Weight of empty tube + Plant extract=1.254

grams Weight of material=1.254 grams-1.051

grams=0.203 grams Weight of Lichen Sample=5 grams % Yield= 0.203 grams/ 5 gram*100=4.06 %

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Extraction of essential oils using Clevenger apparatus 400 grams of fresh and clean seeds were placed into the

necked round extraction flask and soaked with water. Water and seeds, were mixed and allowed to boil. Water

and extracted oil evaporate. The vapour mixture condensed using reflux condenser, from condenser distillate water and oil flow in to gradated tube; as the oil is not miscible with water it may be easily separated

The oil was allowed to stand for sufficient time, to be clear and then it was collected and stored.

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Setup of Clevenger Apparatus

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Calculations

Weight of sample seeds=400 g Volume of oil extracted =10 millilitres Concentration of oil in seeds=10 ml/400

g=0.025 millilitres/grams

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Compound Characterization through TLC (Thin Layer

Chromatography) Prepare the developing container Prepare the TLC plate Spot the TLC plate Develop the plate Visualize the spots

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The Rf value The retention factor, or Rf, is defined as the distance traveled by the

compound divided by the distance traveled by the solvent

For example, if a compound travels 2.1 cm and the solvent front travels 2.8 cm, the Rf is 0.75

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