Summer Project Report on NOKIA (STRATEGIES OF NOKIA IN INDIAN MARKET)

7/23/2019 Summer Project Report on NOKIA (STRATEGIES OF NOKIA IN INDIAN MARKET)

1/46

X m o i w =

M X~cdib{ îxc~{

C`

R[^M[IOLIR CF @CJLM L@L@KLM@ AM^JI[

Fc~

@CJLM

N|

@mni`ky Amdl

`mni`ky.amdlHoamlg.bca

Y`ki~ {ei oylkm`bi cf

X~cf. SSSSSSSS

Rynal{{ik {c

[ei Y`lvi~rl{| cf Ny~km`

L` xm~{lmg fygflgai`{ cf {ei ~i}yl~iai`{ fc~ {eimwm~k cf {ei kio~ii cf Amr{i~ cf Nyrlìrr

Mkal`lr{~m{lc`

[e~cyoe

Kix{. cf Nyrlìrr Mkal`lr{~m{lc`

R[^M[IOLIR CF @CJLM L@ L@KLM@ AM^JI[ m X~cdib{ îxc~{ n| @mni`ky Amdl


2/46

X m o i w >

[ei Y`lvi~rl{| cf Ny~km`' Ny~km`

?=2=8;

KIBGM^M[LC@

L ei~in| kibgm~i {em{ {ei x~cdib{ i`{l{gi

R[^M[IOLIR CF @CJLM L@ L@KLM@ AM^JI[ lr {ei ~iryg{

cf c~lol`mg wc~j m{ @CJLM X~lc~l{| Kimgi~ Ny~kwm` m`k

{ei rmai emr `c{ nii` x~ivlcyrg| rynal{{ik {c m`|

iumal`m{lc` cf m`| Y`lvi~rl{|.

L ma fygg| mwm~i cf {ei fmb{ {em{ kiblrlc` remgg ni glmngi

{c ni ~idib{ik m`k# c~ bm`biggik lf fcy`k c{ei~wlri.

Km{i Rlo`m{y~i



3/46

X m o i w 2

Mbj`cgikoiai`{

L o~m{ifygg| mbj`cwgikoi {ei bc`{~lny{lc` cf {ei mgg

{wi`{| acnlgi kimgi~r {e~cyoecy{ L`klm rxiblmgg| @CJLM

X~lc~l{| Kimgi~ Ny~kwm` wec wm~ag| x~cvlkik ai {ei

cxxc~{y`l{| {c j`cw mncy{ {eil~ byr{cai~r. L ma {em`jfyg

{c A~. UUUUUU cf @CJLM X~lc~l{| Kimgi~ Ny~kwm` fc~

i`mnglò ai {c wc~j c` a| x~cdib{ wc~j fc~ m gcò {lai

m`k eigxlò ai m{ elr nir{. L ma mgrc {em`jfyg {c a|

ryxi~vlrc~ X~cf. UUUUUUU %Kix{. cf Nyrlìrr

Mkal`lr{~m{lc`' Ny~kwm` ^md Bcggioi, fc~ ei~ bc`r{m`{

i`bcy~moiai`{ m`k ryxi~vlrlc`. M`k {em`jlò mgg cf a|

f~li`kr fc~ i`bcy~molò ai {c beccri {elr {cxlb mr a|

fligk cf x~cdib{ r{yk|.

Km{i 4

Xgmbi 4 Ny~kwm` %Bem`k~lam

Bemj~cnc~{|,



4/46

X m o i w ;

@CJLM BI^[LFLBM[I



5/46

X m o i w 9

BI^[LFLBM[I F^CA BCGGIOI



6/46

X m o i w 6

[mngi cf Bc`{i`{

Bemx{i~ =4 L`{~ckyb{lc`4

5

=.= L`{~ckyb{lc` m`k Cndib{lvir 5

=.> Cy{glì cf {ei Bemx{i~r 4 Gl{i~m{y~i îvli

=8

>.= L`{~ckyb{lc` =8

>.> Bcy`{~| cf C~lol` Iffib{ =8

>.2 Byg{y~i ==

>.; L`{i~`m{lc`mglrm{lc` m`k Ogcnmglrm{lc` {eic~lir =2

>.9 X~lblò m`k Klr{~lny{lc` =6

Bemx{i~ 24 L`kyr{~| M`mg|rlr

=8

2.2 @cjlm l` L`klm >>

2.; R_C[ M`mg|rlr >2



7/46

X m o i w ?

Bemx{i~ ;4 Ai{eckcgco|

>9

;.= L`{~ckyb{lc` >9

;.> ]ymgl{m{lvi irim~be >6

;.2 ]ym`{l{m{lvi irim~be >6

;.; M ]ymgl{m{lvi Mxx~cmbe >6

;.9 Km{m Bcggib{lc` >?

;.6 L`{i~vliwr >?;.? Ryaam~| >?

Bemx{i~ 94 Am~ji{lò R{~m{io|>5

9.= L`{~ckyb{lc` >5

9.> X~ckyb{ >5

9.2 X~lblò 2=

9.; Xgmbi %Klr{~lny{lc`, 2>

9.9 X~cac{lc` 22

Bemx{i~ 64 M`mg|rlr29

6.= L`{~ckyb{lc` 29

6.> Nmbjo~cy`k cf {ei irxc`ki`{r 29

6.2 M`mg|rlr m`k Klrbyrrlc`2?

6.6 Fy{y~i m`k Rbcxi cf Lax~cviai`{2 Glal{m{lc`r cf {ei ~irim~be ;8

Bemx{i~ 54 îfi~i`bir;=

=. L@[^CKYB[LC@

L`{~ckyb{lc` m`k Cndib{lvir

Acnlgi xecìr m~i {y~`lò l`{c ac~i cf ìbirrl{| {ei` m gyuy~|.[ei niìfl{r cf {ei acnlgi xecì m~i fm~ {cc am`|. Imri cf

bcaay`lbm{lc`' {ei m`|wei~i' m`|{lai bc`{mb{ wl{e f~li`kr'

~igm{lc`r' bcggimoyir m`k l` {eic~| m{ gimr{ {ei ifflbli`b|

n~cyoe{ {c nyr| glvir.

@cjlmr o~cw{e l` L`klm emr nii` rynr{m`{lmg. [ei| emvi gik {ei

am~ji{ wl{e ?8) rem~i fc~ gcò {lai. @cw wem{ lr l`{i~ir{lò lr

{em{ {ei~i lr fy~{ei~ rbcxi cf lax~cviai`{ l` rmgir. L{ lr m eloe{ibe`cgco| am~ji{ m`k L`klm nilò kivigcxlò bcy`{~|' wlgg rii

ac~i m`k ac~i rynrb~lni~r {c {elr {ibe`cgco| l` {ei fy{y~i. Mr

`c{ik n|' Cggl!Xijjm Jmggmrvyc' {ei x~irlki`{ m`k belif

iuiby{lvi cf Fl``lre {igibca olm`{ @cjlm L`klm lr `cw @cjlm/r

ribc`k!gm~oir{ am~ji{' klrxgmblò {ei Y.R. m`k niel`k c`g|

Bel`m.

[elr ~irim~be mlar m{ r{yk|lò {ei r{~m{iolir mxxglik n| @cjlm

l` L`klm' m`k m`mg|rlò {ei iffib{r cf {eiri r{~m{iolir c` {ei



9/46

X m o i w . GL[I^M[YÎ ÎVLI_>.= L`{~ckyb{lc`

îvliwlò {ei gl{i~m{y~i c` m {cxlb bm` x~cvlki m`

mbmkialbmgg| i`~lbel o iuxi~li`bi ny{ c`g| lf l{ lr kcì

x~cxi~g|. Em~{ %=


11/46

X m o i w ==

kivigcxai`{ wc~j l` m`| ryndib{ l~~irxib{lvi cf klrblxglì. L{ lr

{ei ~irxc`rlnlgl{| cf {ei ~irim~be r{yki`{ {c fl k cy{ wem{

mg~imk| iulr{r l` {ei m~im l` welbe ~irim~be lr l`{i`kik {c ni

kcì nifc~i kclò {ei ~irim~be l{rigf.

[ei ~irim~bei~ wlgg kiflì f~maiwc~j cf elr wc~j wl{e {ei eigx

cf lkimr m`k wc~j cf c{ei~r.

Mr Ny~oi~ rm|r' M gl{i~m{y~i ~ivliw ryaam~ltir {ei amdc~

fl klòr cf rbecgm~r m`k ~irim~bei~r wec emvi bc`kyb{ik

~irim~be l` {ei m~im |cy m~i l`{i~ir{ik l` l`vir{lom{lò. [ei

gl{i~m{y~i ~ivliw fc~ {elr ~irim~be wlgg emvi l{r x~lai r{~irr c`

{eic~lir cf ogcnmgltm{lc`' iffib{r cf byg{y~i c` am~ji{lò cf m

x~ckyb{ l`{i~`m{lc`mgg|' BCC iffib{' bcaxm~lrc` cf Ogcnmg m`k

Ogcbmg r{~m{iolir' x~lbl o m`k klr{~lny{lc` r{~m{iolir fc~

l`{i~`m{lc`mg fl~ar r{~m{io| fc~ L`{i~`m{lc`mg n~m`kr. Ei~i {ei

m{{iax{ lr {c amji m `c{i cf wem{ emr nii` w~l{{i` l` bc`{iu{

cf l`{i~`m{lc`mg am~ji{lò r{~m{iolir cf n~m`kr.

L`r{imk cf nilò rxiblflb' {ei ~ivliw ei~i lr cf ac~i cf

l`{i~`m{lc`mg am~ji{lò mr wecgi l`r{imk cf rxiblflbmgg| c`

@cjlm. _em{ lr `c{iwc~{e| lr @cjlm fc~ar m xm~{ cf {eiyxbcalò igib{~c`lbr l`kyr{~| m`k emr m` laxc~{m`{ ~cgi {c xgm|

l` {ei kivigcxlò am~ji{r cf bcy`{~lir rybe mr L`klm.

>.> Bcy`{~| cf C~lol` %BCC, Iffib{

Mr Xl~c` rm|r' l` kivigcxlò m bc~xc~m{i lamoi~| cf m x~ckyb{'

{ei laxc~{m`bi cf vm~lcyr am~ji{lò alu vm~lmngir %i.o. x~ckyb{mxxim~m`bi' n~m`k `mai' x~lbi, lr fl~ag| ir{mnglreik' mr wigg mr

{em{ cf {ei lamoi~| iglbl{ik n| m x~ckyb{r BCC. Ei`bi `cw wi

ìik {c kiflì {ei BCC iffib{. L` wc~kr cf Ac~{ & Ky`bm`

%>888,' BCC iffib{r bm` ni ryaam~ltik mr {ei iffib{r

oiì~m{ik n| m x~ckyb{r xi~bilvik oico~mxelb c~lol` c` {ei

xm~{ cf {ei byr{cai~ m`k ecw l{ mffib{r {ei gm{{i~r xy~bemrlò

xm{{i~`r.



12/46

X m o i w =>

L{r m {i`ki`b| cf bc`ryai~r {c oiì~mglti {eil~ m{{l{ykir m`k

cxl`lc`r mb~crr x~ckyb{r f~ca m olvi` bcy`{~|' [ei nmrlr cf {elr

oiì~mgltm{lc` lr x~ckyb{r fmalglm~l{| m`k nmbjo~cy`k wl{e {ei

bcy`{~|' m`k {eil~ cw` xi~rc`mg iuxi~li`bir cf x~ckyb{

m{{~lny{ir rybe mr {ibe`cgcolbmg ryxi~lc~l{|' x~ckyb{ }ymgl{|'kirlo`' vmgyi fc~ acì|' r{m{yr m`k ir{iia' m`k

b~iklnlgl{| cf bcy`{~|!cf!c~lol` cf m n~m`k %Jl`~m' >886,.

Mbbc~klò {c ~irim~be wc~jr' BCC lamoi xgm|r m` laxc~{m`{

~cgi l` bc`ryai~r ivmgym{lc` cf fc~ilo` x~ckyb{r m`k n~m`kr. L{

lr mgrc `c{ik {em{ x~ckyb{ m{{~lny{ir rybe mr x~ckyb{ }ymgl{|

emvi fmvcy~mngi xi~bix{lc`' lf bcy`{~| xi~bix{lc`r m~i

fmvc~mngi. [elr l`klbm{ir {em{ bc`ryai~ ivmgym{lc`r m~iocvi~ìk n| l`fgyi`bir c{ei~ {em` {ei }ymgl{| cf {ei x~ckyb{

%Xi{i~rc` m`k Dcglni~{' =889, `c{ik' c` {ei nmrlr cf m ai{m!

m`mg|rlr cf BCC ~irim~be' Vi~gioe m`k R{ii`jmax %=.2 Byg{y~i

Byg{y~i bc`rlr{r cf m ri~lir cf ~irxc`ri {c ~iby~~lò rl{ym{lc`r.[eiri ~irxc`rir m~i m bc`ri}yi`bi cf bcggib{lvi ai`{mgx~co~maalò m`k mgg mrxib{r cf am~ji{lò {~m`rmb{lc`r m~imffib{ik n| l{. Mr Jmgi %=


13/46

X m o i w =2

byg{y~mgg| ki{i~alìk. Mgrc {em{ mgacr{ mgg xy~bemrir amkiwi~i il{ei~ {c rm{lrf| rcai xe|rlbmg ìik c~ {c mxxg| {eimb{lc`r {em{ amji yx {ei glfi cf m byg{y~i. Ei mgrc `c{ir {em{byg{y~i emr m ayg{l!fmbi{ik m`k ynl}yl{cyr iffib{ c` am~ji{lò.

Byg{y~i emr m r{~cò laxmb{ c` xicxgir {mr{ir' bcgc~x~ifi~i`bi' m{{l{yki {cwm~kr x~ckyb{ bgmrrir. Ecwivi~'byg{y~ir laxmb{ lr {ei amulaya l` ecw {ei l`fc~am{lc` lr~ibilvik' r{c~ik' ~i{~livik m`k iaxgc|ik fc~ kiblrlc` amjlò.

[elr bgim~g| l`klbm{ir {c {ei laxc~{m`bi cf byg{y~i welgi amjlòkiblrlc`r ~iom~klò am~ji{lò mb{lvl{lir.

Byg{y~i am| ni ~ifgib{ik l` oiì~mg {i`ki`blir cf xi~rlr{i`{x~ifi~i`bi fc~ xm~{lbygm~ r{m{ir cf mffml~r cvi~ c{ei~r' xi~rlr{i`{

x~ifi~i`bir fc~ rxiblflb rcblmg x~cbirrir cvi~ c{ei~r' m`koiì~mg ~ygir fc~ rigib{lvi m{{i {lc`' l`{i~x~i{m{lc` cfi`vl~cài`{mg byir' m`k ~irxc`rir. L{ lr oiì~mgg| j`cw` {em{byg{y~i am| x~cvlki ki{mlgik x~irb~lx{lc`r %`c~ar, fc~ rxiblflbbgmrrir cf rl{ym{lc`r welgi gimvlò c{ei~ kcaml`r ~igm{lvig|y`~ioygm{ik. %[ri i{ mg =


14/46

X m o i w =;

ni eloe macòr{ {ei bcy`{~lir m`k ei`bi lr cf iu{~iairlo`lflbm`bi.

2. Amrbygl`l{| vi~ryr Fial`l{| [elr lr ki{i~alìk n| {ei

kio~ii cf klr{~lny{lc` cf ~cgir ni{wii` {ei riuir l` {ei rcbli{|.L{ emr nii` `c{ik {em{ ai`r vmgyi mb~crr bcy`{~lir m~i f~cavi~| mrri~{lvi m`k bcaxi{l{lvi mr wigg mr vi~| klffi~i`{ f~cawcai` {c ackir{ m`k bm~lò m`k vi~| rlalgm~ {c wcai`. Mgrcai`r vmgyir klffi~ ac~i macò rcbli{lir l` bcaxm~lrc` {cwcai`r. @mai olvi` {c mrri~{lvi xcgi lr amrbyglì m`k {eiackir{ m`k bm~lò cì lr bmggik fial`lì. [ecyoe {ei wcai`m~i `c{ mr bm~lò m`k ackir{ l` amrbyglì bcy`{~lir mr {ei| m~il` fial`lì ny{ {ei kio~ii cf klffi~i`bi lr girr {em` ai`.

;. Y`bi~{ml`{| Mvclkm`bi L{ ~ifi~r {c rcbli{|r {cgi~m`bi fc~y`bi~{ml`{| m`k manloyl{|. [elr {iggr yr ecw aybe {ei aiani~rcf rcbli{| fiig il{ei~ y`bcafc~{mngi c~ bcafc~{mngi l`y`r{~yb{y~ik rl{ym{lc`r. [eiri rl{ym{lc`r m~i `cvig' y`j`cw`'ry~x~lrlò m`k klffi~i`{ f~ca yrymg. L` byg{y~ir {em{ mvclky`bi~{ml`{|' {ei~i lr m` m{{iax{ {c al`lalti {ei xcrrlnlgl{| cfrybe rl{ym{lc`r n| r{~lb{ gmwr m`k ~ygir' rmfi{| m`k riby~l{|aimry~ir. [eiri xicxgi {i`k {c ni ac~i iac{lc`mg m`kac{lvm{ik n| l`ì~ ì~vcyr iì~o|. L{ lr iumb{g| {ei cxxcrl{i l`y`bi~{ml`{| mbbix{lò bcy`{~lir.

9. Gcò {i~a vi~ryr Rec~{ {i~a C~li`{m{lc` [e~lf{ m`kxi~rivi~m`bi m~i {ei vmgyir cf gcò {i~a c~li`{m{lc`' wei~imrvmgyir mrrcblm{ik wl{e rec~{ {i~a c~li`{m{lc` m~i ~irxib{ fc~{~mkl{lc`' fygflgglò rcblmg cnglom{lc`r' m`k x~c{ib{lò cìr fmbi.L{ wmr c~lol`mgg| bmggik Bc`fyblm` k|`malra: ecwivi~' {eiklai`rlc` mgrc mxxglir {c bcy`{~lir wl{ecy{ m Bc`fyblmèi~l{moi.

Kyi {c rlalgm~l{lir' acr{g| {ei bcaxm~lrc` lr cf Imr{i~`bcy`{~lir vi~ryr {ei _ir{i~` bcy`{~lir. Mr bl{ik n| Ecfr{iki%=


15/46

X m o i w =9

{em{ {~mkl{lc`mg Belìri vmgyir wi~i fmklò rgcwg| nibmyri cf_ir{i~` l`fgyi`bir. [elr aim`r {em{ rgcwg| {ei byg{y~mgklffi~i`bir m~i ~ikyblò mr girr laxc~{m`bi lr nilò olvi` {c l{.

[elr {ecyoe{' ecwivi~' lr `c{ ryxxc~{ik n| acr{.

>.; L`{i~`m{lc`mglrm{lc` m`k Ogcnmglrm{lc`{eic~lir4

Ivi` {ecyoe {ei bc`bix{ cf ogcnmgltm{lc` emr nii` m~cy`k fc~gcò' l{ wmr c g| l` im~g| =


16/46

X m o i w =6

>.;.= [ei Yxxrmgm Ackig cf L`{i~`m{lc`mgltm{lc`4Dcem`rc` m`k Vmeg`i l` =


17/46

X m o i w =?

mxx~cmbe lr nmrik c` {ei mrryax{lc` {em{ {ei am~ji{r m~ibcaxi{l{lvi ei`bi {ei xi~fc~am`bi cf ryxxgli~ lr ifflbli`{._ei` {ei ~mòi cf ryxxgli~r lr ~ir{~lb{ik' {ei~i lr gl{{gi {e~im{ cf~ixgmbiai`{ m`k {ei {~m`rmb{lc` bcr{r m~i eloe.

[eiri niìfl{r cf l`{io~m{lc` recygk ecwivi~ ni bcaxm~ik {c{ei bcr{r cf l`{io~m{lc` %l.i bcr{ cf ~ircy~bi bcaal{ai`{,.Mbbc~klò {c Dcem`rc` m`k Vmegì %=.;.; [ei nyrlìrr r{~m{io| mxx~cmbe4Mr _el{igcbj %>88>, bl{ik l` _igfc~k m`k X~irbc{{ %=


18/46

X m o i w =5

{elr mxx~cmbe fc~ am~ji{ rigib{lc` m~i am~ji{ m{{~mb{lviìrr'xr|belb klr{m`bi m`k mbbirrlnlgl{| m`k l`fc~amg nm~~li~r. _elgr{beclbi cf c~om`ltm{lc`mg r{~yb{y~i wlgg kixi`k c` {eiri am~ji{bem~mb{i~lr{lbr l` mkkl{lc` {c bcaxm`| rxiblflb fmb{c~r mr

l`{i~`m{lc`mg {~mklò elr{c~|' rlti iuxc~{ c~li`{m{lc` m`kbcaal{ai`{. Mgrc `yani~ cf bcaxi{l{c~r lr bc`rlki~iklaxc~{m`{ fmb{c~ %_el{igcbj' >88>,.

>.9 X~lblò m`k Klr{~lny{lc`

>.9.= X~lblòMbbc~klò {c Rcgni~o i{. mg. %>886,' y`{lg {eil~ ~irim~be' {ei

gl{i~m~| {cxlb cf l`{i~`m{lc`mg x~lblò emk `c{ nii` bcaxgi{ig|lo`c~ik n| {ei rbecgm~r. Ecwivi~ {ei r{yklir xynglreik {lgg {ei`r{~irrik belifg| c` {ei `c~am{lvi klai`rlc` cf l`{i~`m{lc`mgx~lblò. Ei`bi' {ei iaxemrlr emk nii` gmlk c` ecw x~lblòkiblrlc`r cyoe{ {c ni amki %Bmvyrolg =886,' bm{ioc~ltik fl~ar l`{c fcy~ bm{ioc~lir c`{ei nmrlr cf gcw m`k eloe x~ixm~ikìrr fc~ l`{i~`m{lc`mgltm{lc`c` {ei \ mulr m`k Ayg{lgcbmg m`k Ogcnmg am~ji{r l` welbe {ei|cxi~m{i l` U mulr. [ei bm{ioc~lir wi~i4

X~c{c{|xi =4 [ei Gcbmg X~lbi Fcggcwi~ Fl~aX~c{c{|xi >4 [ei Ogcnmg X~lbi Fcggcwi~ Fl~a



19/46

X m o i w =.9.> Klr{~lny{lc`C`bi m bc~xc~m{lc` lr wigg ir{mnglreik l` l{r am~ji{' l{ r{m~{rgccjlò fc~ ìw l`{i~`m{lc`mg am~ji{r. L` rybe bmrir bem`birm~i {em{ l{ fc~m|r l {c m` iai~ol o am~ji{ m`k {c glal{ l{riuxcry~i mxxcl {r m gcbmg klr{~lny{c~. L` {ei niol` lò' rmgir{mji cff' ~ivi`yir o~cw' m`k {ei i`{~| lr x~mlrik mr m ram~{acvi. Ny{ mf{i~ m welgi' r{mo`m{lc` ri{r l` m`k rmgir xgm{imy.

[eiri xm~{ì~relxr ìm~g| mgwm|r ngcw yx l` {ei i`k.

=. Rigib{ klr{~lny{c~r. Kc`/{ gi{ {eia rigib{ |cy Cndib{lvi am~ji{ mrrirrai`{ recygk gimk {c r{~m{iolb kiblrlc`cf i`{~| l`{c m ìw l`{i~`m{lc`mg am~ji{. Ecwivi~' M~`cgk%>888, `c{ik {em{ l{ wmr `c{ {ei bmri yrymgg|. Elr r{yklir~ivimgik {em{ bcaxm`lir acvik l`{c ìw am~ji{ mr ~imb{lc` {cx~cxcrmgr f~ca x~crxib{lvi klr{~lny{c~r. L` fmb{' {ei acr{ imoi~xc{i`{lmg klr{~lny{c~r am| ni x~iblrig| {ei w~cò xicxgi {cxm~{ì~ wl{e. Rc {ei~i lr m ìik {c fl`k klr{~lny{c~r' cì recygk{ei am~ji{ gik mxx~cmbe ~m{ei~ {em` klr{~lny{c~ gik.

>. Gccj fc~ klr{~lny{c~r bmxmngi cf kivigcxlò am~ji{r'~m{ei~ {em` {ecri l{e m fi cnvlcyr byr{cai~ bc`{mb{r Ayg{l`m{lc`mgr gcò {i~a ocmgr recygk ni jix{ l` al`k m`kolvi` x~lai laxc~{m`bi welgi beccrlò {ei klr{~lny{c~ m`kkilblò {ei {i~ar cf ~igm{lc`relx. Mr M~`cgk %>888, `c{ik' [eiacr{ cnvlcyr klr{~lny{c~ lr `c{ ìbirrm~lg| {ei nir{ xm~{ì~ fc~{ei gcò {i~a.

2. [~im{ {ei gcbmg klr{~lny{c~r mr gcò!{i~a xm~{ì~r' `c{{iaxc~m~| am~ji{!i`{~| vielbgir [ei~i lr m ìik {cr{~yb{y~i {ei ~igm{lc`relxr l` rybe m wm| {em{ {ei klr{~lny{c~rnibcai am~ji{lò xm~{ì~r. [eyr' wlgg ni wlggl o {c l`vir{ l`gcò!{i~a am~ji{ kivigcxai`{.

;. Ryxxc~{ am~ji{ i`{~| n| bcaal{{lò acì|'am`moi~r' m`k x~cvi` am~ji{lò lkimr L{ lr vi~|laxc~{m`{ fc~ {ei ayg{l`m{lc`mg {c aml`{ml` r{~m{iolb bc`{~cg. Fc~{elr xy~xcri' ayg{l`m{lc`mgr ayr{ bcaal{ mki}ym{i bc~xc~m{i

~ircy~bir. L{ ecgkr xm~{lbygm~ laxc~{m`bi m{ {ei {lai cf am~ji{



20/46

X m o i w >8

i`{~|' mr {ei ayg{l m{lc`mg m~i gimr{ bi~{ml` mncy{ {eil~x~crxib{r l` ìw bcy`{~lir.

9. F~ca {ei r{m~{' aml`{ml` bc`{~cg cvi~ am~ji{lò

r{~m{io| Klr{~lny{c~r recygk ni mggcwik {c mkmx{ mayg{l`m{lc`mg/r r{~m{io| {c gcbmg bc`kl{lc`r. Ecwivi~ayg{l`m{lc`mgr recygk xlgc{ {ei xgm``lò rirrlc`r mncy{ {eikiblrlc` amjlò. [elr eigxr {ei ayg{l`m{lc`mg {c iuxgcl{ {ei fyggxc{i`{lmg cf m ogcnmg am~ji{lò ì{wc~j.

6. Amji ry~i klr{~lny{c~r x~cvlki |cy l{e ki{mlgikam~ji{ m`k fl`m`blmg xi~fc~am`bi km{m [ei }ymgl{| cfl`fc~am{lc` {em{ {ei ayg{l`m{lc`mg emr mncy{ {ei am~ji{'

ki{i~alìr l{r mnlgl{| {c {mji mkvm`{moi cf l{r bcaxi{l{lvimkvm`{moir. Rl`bi {ei bc~xc~m{lc` lr ìw {c {ei bcy`{~|' l{ emr{c ~ig| c` klr{~lny{lc` bem`ìg fc~ rybe l`fc~am{lc`. Mgrc l` mfiw bcy`{~lir {ei| am| ni {ei c`g| rcy~bi cf rybe l`fc~am{lc`.

?. Nylgk gl`jr macò `m{lc`mg klr{~lny{c~r m{ {ei im~glir{cxxc~{y l{| [ei ji| cndib{lvi fc~ {ei ayg{l`m{lc`mg ir{mnglrem byr{cai~ nmri l` {ei ìw bcy`{~|. Ecwivi~ l{ lr laxc~{m`{ {cb~im{i gl`jr macò l{r `m{lc`mg klr{~lny{c~r mr rcc` mr xcrrlngi.

[elr wlgg gimk {c {~m`rfi~ cf lkimr m`k ei`bi x~cvlki m ni{{i~m`k bc`rlr{i`{ xi~fc~am`bi l` {ei laxgiai`{m{lc` cfl`{i~`m{lc`mg r{~m{iolir.

2. L@KYR[^\ M@MG\RLR4



21/46

X m o i w >=

2.= Acnlgi xecì l`kyr{~| l` L`klm4

_l{e m rynrb~lni~ nmri cf ac~i {em` 59= algglc`' {ei Acnlgi{igi!bcaay`lbm{lc`r r|r{ia l` L`klm lr {ei ribc`k gm~oir{ l` {ei

wc~gk. Acnlgi {igixec`| wmr l`{~ckybik l` L`klm l` =8=8.

[ei bcy`{~| lr klvlkik l`{c ayg{lxgi tcìr' bmggik bl~bgir%~cyoeg| mgcò r{m{i ncy`km~lir,. Ocvi~ài`{ m`k rivi~mgx~lvm{i xgm|i~r ~y` gcbmg m`k gcò klr{m`bi {igixecì ri~vlbir.Bcaxi{l{lc` emr bmyrik x~lbir {c k~cx m`k bmggr mb~crr L`klm m~icì cf {ei beimxir{ l` {ei wc~gk. [ei ~m{ir m~i ryxxcrik {c ockcw` fy~{ei~ wl{e ìw aimry~ir {c ni {mji` n| {ei L`fc~am{lcÀl lr{~|. L` Rix{iani~ >88;' {ei `yani~ cf acnlgi xecìbc`ìb{lc`r b~crrik {ei `yani~ cf fluik!glì bc`ìb{lc`r m`kx~iri`{g| kwm~fr {ei wl~iglì rioai`{ n| m ~m{lc cf m~cy`k >84=.

[ei acnlgi rynrb~lni~ nmri emr o~cw` n| m fmb{c~ cf cvi~ mey`k~ik m`k {el~{|' f~ca 9 algglc` rynrb~lni~r l` >88= {c cvi~55= algglc` rynrb~lni~r mr cf Cb{cni~ >8==. L`klm x~lam~lg|fcggcwr {ei ORA acnlgi r|r{ia' l` {ei > {igibcabl~bgir.



22/46

X m o i w >>

2.> Mncy{ @cjlm

@cjlm Bc~xc~m{lc` %Fl `lre x~c`y`blm{lc`4 Z ` jl Q, lr m Fl``lre ayg{l`m{lc`mg bcaay`lbm{lc`r bc~xc~m{lc` {em{ lreimk}ym~{i~ik l` Jilgm`lial' Irxcc' m bl{| ìloency~l oFl`gm`k/r bmxl{mg Eigrl`jl. @cjlm am`yfmb{y~ir acnlgi igib{~c`lbkivlbir' acr{g| acnlgi {igixecìr m`k c{ei~ kivlbir ~igm{ik {cbcaay`lbm{lc`r' m`k l` bc`vi~olò L`{i~ì{ m`kbcaay`lbm{lc`r l`kyr{~lir' wl{e cvi~ =2>'888 iaxgc|iir l`=>8 bcy`{~lir' rmgir l` ac~i {em` =98 bcy`{~lir m`k ogcnmg

m``ymg ~ivi`yi cf cvi~ ;> nlgglc` m`k cxi~m{lò x~cfl{ cf >nlgglc` mr cf >8=8. L{ wmr {ei wc~gk/r gm~oir{ am`yfmb{y~i~ cfacnlgi xecìr l` >8==' wl{e ogcnmg kivlbi am~ji{ rem~i cf >2)l` {ei ribc`k }ym~{i~. @cjlm/r ir{lam{ik rem~i cf {ei bc`vi~oikacnlgi kivlbi am~ji{ wmr 2=) l` {ei fcy~{e }ym~{i~' bcaxm~ikwl{e 25) l` {ei {el~k }ym~{i~ cf >8=8. @cjlm x~ckybir acnlgikivlbir fc~ ivi~| amdc~ am~ji{ rioai`{ m`k x~c{cbcg' l`bgyklòORA' BKAM' m`k _!BKAM %YA[R,. @cjlm cffi~r L {i~ì{ri~vlbir rybe mr mxxglbm{lc`r' omair' ayrlb' amxr' aiklm m`kairrmolò {e~cyoe l{r Cvl xgm{fc~a. @cjlm/r dcl`{ vi`{y~i wl{eRliai`r' @cjlm Rliai`r @i{wc~jr x~ckybir{igibcaay`lbm{lc`r ì{wc~j i}ylxai`{' rcgy{lc`r m`k ri~vlbir.@cjlm mgrc x~cvlkir f~ii!cf!bem~oi klol{mg amx l`fc~am{lc` m`k`mvlom{lc` ri~vlbir {e~cyoe l{r wecgg| cwìk rynrlklm~| @mv{i}.

@cjlm emr rl{ir fc~ ~irim~be m`k kivigcxai`{' am`yfmb{y~i m`krmgir l` rivi~mg bcy`{~lir: mr cf Kibiani~ >8=8' @cjlm emk ^&Kx~iri`bi l` =6 bcy`{~lir m`k iaxgc|ik 29'5?8 xicxgi l`~irim~be m`k kivigcxai`{' ~ix~iri`{l o mxx~culam{ig| >?) cf{ei o~cyx/r {c{mg wc~jfc~bi.@cjlm lr m xynglb glal{ik!glmnlgl{| bcaxm`| glr{ik c` {ei Eigrl`jl'F~m`jfy~{' m`k @iw \c~j r{cbj iubemòir' m`k xgm|r m vi~|gm~oi ~cgi l` {ei ibc`ca| cf Fl`gm`k' mbbcy`{lò fc~ mncy{ m{el~k cf {ei am~ji{ bmxl{mgltm{lc` cf {ei Eigrl`jl R{cbj Iubemòi%CAU Eigrl`jl, l` >88?.

[ei @cjlm n~m`k' vmgyik m{ +>9 nlgglc`' lr glr{ik mr {ei =;{eacr{ vmgymngi ogcnmg n~m`k l` {ei L`{i~n~m`k#Nyrl irr_iij

Nir{ Ogcnmg N~m`kr glr{ cf >8==. L{ lr {ei =;{e ~m`jik n~m`k



23/46

X m o i w >2

bc~xc~m{lc` l` Iy~cxi %mr cf >8==,' {ei 5{e acr{ mkal~mngi@i{wc~j m`k C{ei~ Bcaay`lbm{lc`r I}ylxai`{ bcaxm`|wc~gkwlki l` Fc~{yì/r _c~gk/r Acr{ Mkal~ik Bcaxm`lir glr{ cf>8==' m`k {ei wc~gk/r =;2{e gm~oir{ bcaxm`| mr aimry~ik n|

~ivi`yi l` Fc~{yì Ogcnmg 988 glr{ cf >8==. L` Dyg| >8=8' @cjlm~ixc~{ik m k~cx l` x~cfl{r n| ;8)' welbe {y~ìk l`{c m`cxi~m{l o gcrr cf ;5? algglc` l` ]> >8==. L` {ei ogcnmgram~{xecì ~lvmg~|' @cjlm eigk {ei 2~k xgmbi l` >]>8==' {~mlglòniel`k Rmaryò m`k Mxxgi.C` == Fin~ym~| >8== @cjlm m``cy`bik m xm~{ì~relx wl{eAlb~crcf{: mgg @cjlm ram~{xecìr l`{~ckybik rl`bi {ei` wi~i {c~y` y`ki~ Alb~crcf{/r _l`kcwr Xecì %_X, cxi~m{lò r|r{ia.C` >6 Cb{cni~ >8== @cjlm y`vilgik l{r fl~r{ _l kcwr Xecì

em`kri{r' {ei _X?.9 Gyalm ?=8 m`k 588.

@cjlm Gcocr4

%@cjlm Bcaxm`| gcoc. Fcy`kik l` [maxi~i l` =569' l`bc~xc~m{ik l` @cjlm l`=5?=,

%[ei n~m`k gcoc cf Fl``lre ^ynni~ _c~jr' fcy`kik l` Eigrl`jl l` =5


24/46

X m o i w >;

2.2 @cjlm l` L`klm4

@cjlm emr nii` {ei xlcìi~ cf acnlgi {igixec`| l` L`klm' {eiiulr{i`bi ei~i lr f~ca =?). Bc`ryai~r {cc wi~i `c{ l`{i~ir{ikl` xy~bemrlò acnlgi xecìr mr bmgg ~m{ir wi~i mr eloe mr ^r=6xi~ al`y{i %+8.;8,.

M`c{ei~ x~cngia fmbik n| @cjlm wmr eloeg| bcaxi{l{lvi

i`vl~cài`{ l` {ei l`kyr{~|. Xcwi~fyg ogcnmg xgm|i~r gljiRmaryò' Ngmbjni~~| mg~imk| emk {ei~i x~iri`bi l` L`klm l`bc`ryai~ ky~mngir' igib{~c`lbr m`k iòlìi~lò rib{c~r' m`kei`bi wi~i mwm~i bc`kl{lc`r x~ivmlglò l` L`klm` am~ji{.Ecwivi~' cvi~bcal o mgg ckkr' @cjlm L`klm bmai cy{ mr {eiam~ji{ gimki~ wl{e 96) rem~i l` >882!8; m`k r{lgg bc`{l`yir {cgimk wl{e 58) l` >88? %L`ky X.' >889,

Mrlm lr {ei fmr{ir{ o~cwlò am~ji{ fc~ @cjlm. Bcaxi{l{c~r rybemr Rmaryò' Ac{c~cgm `mk Rc`| I~lbrrc` emvi bmx{y~ik eyoi

am~ji{ rem~ir. [ei bc`ryai~ lr oclò fc~ eloe {ibe`cgco| m{~imrc`mngi x~lbir. [ei| ~irxib{ m`| x~cvlki~ wec olvir {einir{ bcanl`m{lc` cf nc{e. @cjlm emr ~i{mlìk {ei {cx rxc{ fc~}yl{i rcai {lai l` L`klm' {ei ~ibi`{ floy~ir m~i:

@cjlm l` >886' R{m~{ik m am`yfmb{y~lò l` R~lxi~yanyky~'Bei``ml. Elr xgm`{ mr c` Kibiani~ >88? iaxgc|ikmxx~culam{ig| 6888 xicxgi. [ei by~~i`{ l`vir{ai`{ c` {elr lrmncy{ YR+ >=8 algglc` l` {ei xgm`{ rl`bi Dm`ym~| >886. @cjlm

m``cy`bik {c fy~{ei~ l`vir{ YR+ ?9 algglc` l` |im~ >885.@cjlm/r ji| r{~m{io| emr mgwm|r nii` {c gimk {ei am~ji{ c` {ei



25/46

X m o i w >9

nmrlr cf {ibe`cgco| mr l{ emr mgwm|r eigk. [ei klffi~i`bi l{ ecgkrlr {ei bmxmnlgl{| {c ni ac~i ri`rl{lvi {c {ei xicxgi wl{e gcwi~xy~bemrlò xcwi~ welbe ecgk {ei amdc~ rem~i cf {eiri o~cwlòm`k kivigcxlò bcy`{~lir am~ji{.

Vclbi m`k Km{m m gimkl o {igibca xynglbm{lc` l` L`klmxynglreik {eil~ fl`klòr f~ca {ei >8== ry~vi| c` Acnlgi xecìL`kyr{~|.

^r. b~c~ir %^r. b~c~ir,

"= @cjlm 2'< =>'"; ^LA

%Ngmbjni~~|,9.=8

"9 E[B =.;) ;98 >>6

2.; R_C[ M@MG\RLR4

R{~iò{er

! Eyoi am~ji{ rem~i.! @cjlm emr {ei r{~cò n~m`k `mai welbe lr l{r cì cf {ei acr{laxc~{m`{ r{~iò{e nibmyri l{ lr {ei` fmvcy~mngi fc~ @cjlm {cgmy`be l{r ìw x~ckyb{r nibmyri l{ lr ~iglmngi fc~ {ei byr{cai~rn| ir{mnglre mr r{~cò n~m`k.

! L{r klr{~lny{lc` ì{wc~j lr wlki ogcnmgg| rc {ei x~ckyb{r m~iimrlg| mvmlgmngi fc~ {ei {m~oi{ byr{cai~r.

! Rlti recygk i`mngi @cjlm {c mac~{lti îrim~be m`kKivigcxai`{ bcr{r m`k {c oi{ bcr{ mkvm`{moir

! @cjlm emr mgrc r{~cò fl`m`bir welbe amji l{ xcrrlngi {c amjil``cvm{lc`r imrlg|. @cjlm x~ckyb{r m~i imr| {c yri fc~ivi~|cì' ivi` m` lggl{i~m{i xi~rc` l` rcai kivigcxlòbcy`{~lir yri @cjlm imrlg|.

! @cjlm emr eloe ~mòi cf x~ckyb{r welbe lr m{{~mb{lvi fc~ {eibyr{cai~r. @cjlm acnlgi ri{r emvi eloe ~i!rigg vmgyi mrbcaxm~ik {c c{ei~r welbe lr fmvc~mngi fc~ @cjlm mr wigg mr fc~{ei byr{cai~r.



26/46

X m o i w >6

_imjìrrir

! @cjlm emvi eloe x~lbir mr bcaxm~ik {c c{ei~r ny{ l{r occk}ymgl{| m`k ~iglmngi x~ckyb{r rcaiecw bcvi~ {elr wimjìrr cf@cjlm ny{ r{lgg l{ lr wimjìrr m`k gcwi~ bgmrr lr y`mngi {cxy~bemri @cjlm x~ckyb{r.

! Rcai cf {ei @cjlm x~ckyb{r m~i `c{ yri~ f~li`kg| welbe klk`{oi{ rybbirr l` {ei am~ji{. Mr {ei @omoi lr bc`rlki~ik m fgcx.

! Nilò {ei am~ji{ gimki~' l{r l`b~imri ~cgi l` R|anlm` lr olvlò

@cjlm m nmk lamoi' aybe glji Alb~crcf{ l` {ei XB l`kyr{~|.! @cjlmr rmgir m`k ri~vlbi bi`{~ir m~i bccxi~m{lvig| vi~| fiw{ei~ifc~i l{r mf{i~ rmgi ri~vlbi lr `c{ lax~irrlvi. Lf {eibyr{cai~r fmbi {ei x~cngia l` {ei x~ckyb{ {ei` {ei| emvi {cfmbi klfflbyg{|.

Cxxc~{y`l{lir

! @cjlm bm` iuxm`k l{r am~ji{ rem~i n| l`{~ckyblò n~m`k l`ìw am~ji{ m`k n| bm{i~lò ìw {m~oi{ am~ji{ mr wigg.

! L{ bm` mgrc bmx{y~i ac~i am~ji{ rem~i m`k m{{~mb{ ac~ibyr{cai~r l` iulr{lò am~ji{ n| bemòlò x~lbi m`k l`{~ckyblòìw x~ckyb{ ~mòi m`k mgrc n| l``cvm{lò x~ckyb{ fim{y~ir cfiulr{lò x~ckyb{r.

! L`b~imri {eil~ x~iri`bi l` {ei BKAM am~ji{' lr r{lgg kcal`m{ikn| GO m`k Rmaryò. @cjlm mgrc ìik {c bc`bi`{~m{i c` M`k~clk

xgm{fc~a.

! [e~cyoe iubirrlvi mkvi~{lriai`{ m`k iffib{lvi am~ji{bcaay`lbm{lc` l{ bm` r{~cò l{r ~ixy{m{lc` m`k l`b~imri l{rrmgir m`k mgrc b~im{i occk n~m`k lamoi macò {ei xicxgi.

! @cjlm l{rigf nibcalò {ei l{ia cf ivi~|km| bc`vi`li`bi {eikm| lr `c{ rc fm~ {em{ l{ wlgg nibcai {ei l{ia cf ivi~|km| yri.

[e~im{r



27/46

X m o i w >?

! Mr {ei {igibcaay`lbm{lc` l`kyr{~| lr l`b~imrlò wl{e {em{ `c{c`g| cxxc~{y l{lir l`b~imrlò ny{ mgrc {e~im{r m~i i}ymgg|l`b~imrlò wl{e {ei o~cw{e cf {ei {igibca l`kyr{~|.

! [ei bcaxi{l{lc` lr oi{{lò iuxgcrlvi wl{e {ei o~cw{e cf {eiam~ji{. Ac~i m`k ac~i bcaxi{l{c~r m~i i`{i~lò l` {ei am~ji{welbe lr m nlo {e~im{ fc~ @cjlm.

! Rcai bcaxi{l{c~r cffi~ x~ckyb{r m{ gcw x~lbir m`k mr {eiibc`ca| lr fmgglò kcw` {ei byr{cai~r m~i ac~i m{{~mb{lò{cwm~kr {ei x~ckyb{r cf gcw x~lbir. Rc {ecri bcaxi{l{c~r bm`{mji mwm| {ei am~ji{ rem~i cf @cjlm.

! M`c{ei~ {e~im{ fc~ @cjlm lr {ei o~cw{e cf _GG ì{wc~j nibmyri

@cjlm x~cvlkir BKAM bigg xecìr rc l{r x~ckyb{r bm` oc {cwm~k{ei kcw` fmgg wl{e {ei ~lri cf _GG ì{wc~j.

;. AI[ECKCGCO\

;.= L`{~ckyb{lc`

Rigib{lc` cf {|xi cf ai{eck fc~ km{m bcggib{lc` lr cì cf {eiacr{ b~l{lbmg xm~{r cf m`| ~irim~be. [elr bemx{i~ lr mgg mncy{klrbyrrlò {ei klffi~i`{ {ibe l}yir m`k ai{eck cf km{mbcggib{lc` m`k rigib{lc` cf {ei acr{ ryl{mngi ai{eck fc~ {ei

xm~{lbygm~ r{yk|. [elr lr kcì {e~cyoe ivmgym{lc` cf {eir{~iò{er m`k wimjìrrir cf imbe ai{eck.

[ei fiki~mg kifl`l{lc` cf ~irim~be n| Airrlme Bcggioi mr kiflìkl` {ei fiki~mg xcglb| Z;9BF^;6.=8> %f,Q lr îrim~be aim`r mr|r{iam{lb l`vir{lom{lc`' l`bgyklò ~irim~be kivigcxai`{'{ir{lò' m`k ivmgym{lc`' kirloìk {c kivigcx c~ bc`{~lny{i {coiì~mgltmngi j`cwgikoi.

Km{m bm` ni bcggib{ik l` {wc fc~ar' `maig|' x~lam~| m`kribc`km~| km{m. [ei km{m bcggib{lc` ai{eckr yrik l` {elr



28/46


29/46

X m o i w >88;, rm|r' [ei l`{i~vliw ~iaml`r {ei acr{ bcaacài{eck cf km{m bcggib{lc` l` }ymgl{m{lvi ~irim~be' iaxgc|ik l`vm~lcyr fc~ar n| ivi~| aml` {eic~i{lbmg m`k ai{eckcgcolbmgmxx~cmbe wl{el` }ymgl{m{lvi mxxglik xr|becgco|. L{ lr {ei~ifc~ilaxc~{m`{ fc~ {ei ~irim~bei~ {c gccj m{ {ei x~cngia f~ca {eixi~rxib{lvi cf {ei l`{i~vliwii. Ei`bi' {ei~i lr m ìik {c `c{bcaxgi{ig| r{~yb{y~i {ei l`{i~vliw.

;.? Ryaam~|

[elr bemx{i~ wmr yrik {c iuxgml` {ei ai{eckr mvmlgmngi fc~bc`kyb{lò {ei r{yk|. Bmri r{yklir m`k ìwr m~{lbgir wi~i yrikfc~ ribc`km~| km{m. Mf{i~ klrbyrrlò {ei x~cr m`k bc`r cf imbeai{eck' {ei ~loe{ ai{eck fc~ {elr ~irim~be' l.i. }ymgl{m{lvim`mg|rlr wmr rigib{ik' wei~i l !kix{e' rial!r{~yb{y~ikl`{i~vliwr wi~i mkcx{ik mr m rcy~bi cf x~lam~| km{m. [eixi~rc`mg iffib{ cf l`{i~vliw wmr yrik {c kivigcx ~mxxc~{ wl{e{ei l`{i~vliwii m`k acklf| {ei }yir{lc`r mbbc~klò {c {eiìik. Mgrc kyi {c rcai klr{m`{ l`{i~vliwiir {igixec`lbl`{i~vliwr wi~i yrik.

@iu{ bemx{i~ wlgg l`vcgvi kiix klrbyrrlc` cf {ei m`mg|rlr m`kfl`klòr cf {ei om{ei~ik km{m.



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9. AM^JI[L@O R[^M[IO\

9.= L`{~ckyb{lc`

Am~ji{lò r{~m{io| cf m bcaxm`| l` m ìw bcy`{~| xgm|r m vl{mg~cgi l` ki{i~al`lò l{r fy{y~i l` {em{ bcy`{~|. J`cwlò {em{L`klm` am~ji{ lr vi~| klffi~i`{ f~ca c{ei~ am~ji{r l{ wmrmg~imk| cxi~m{lò l ' @cjlm bmai yx wl{e m` L`klmrxiblflbr{~m{io| c~ m ogcnmg r{~m{io|. L{ mkmx{ik {ei L`klm` bc`kl{lc`rn| gmy`belò ìw x~ckyb{r m`k ièm`blò {ei x~ckyb{r wl{efim{y~ir kirloìk rxiblflbmgg| fc~ gcbmg byr{cai~r' mr wigg mrx~cac{lc`mg bmaxmlo`r {m~oi{ik m{ L`klm` mykli`bi {c oml` mfcc{ecgk l` {ei am~ji{. [c bmx{y~i {ei wlkirx~imk L`klm`

am~ji{' l{ kivigcxik m` iu{i`rlvi klr{~lny{lc` ì{wc~j welbemgrc eigxik l{ {mji l{r x~ckyb{r {c ~y~mg am~ji{r l` L`klm. Ei~i'{c klrbyrr {ei r{~m{io|' wi bc`rlki~ {ei rlaxgi bc`bix{ cf ; Xr'`maig|: x~ckyb{ %byr{caltm{lc`,' x~lbi' xgmbi %klr{~lny{lc`, m`kx~cac{lc`.

9.> X~ckyb{

=8 el{ rcòr mr ~lò {cìr.@cjlm 2>=8' nibmai m` l`r{m`{ el{. [ei ackig 26=8 wmrgmy`beik wl{e m` ièm`bl o El kl {iu{ airrmolò fmblgl{| l`

>88=.

[ei acr{ rybbirrfyg byr{caltm{lc` bmai l` >882 wei` @cjlmbmai wl{e ==88 m`k ==85 rxiblflbmgg| kirloìk fc~ L`klmàm~ji{. L{ emk fim{y~ir cf m`{l!rglx o~lx' kyr{ ~irlr{m`bi m`k{c~begloe{. Rl`bi' l` L`klm xicxgi kc`{ j`cw Iòglre l` vlggmoir'

@cjlm bmai yx wl{e Rm~mg Acnlgi Rm`kire %RAR l` El kl,.



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X m o i w 2>

@cjlm rmgir l`b~imrik f~ca 95.>) l` Dyg| >882 {c 988;.

@cjlm wmr mgrc {ei fl~r{ em`kri{ am`yfmb{y~i~ {c gmy`be omairkcw`gcmk l` L`klm l` >882. L{ emk rxim~eimkik {ei l`kyr{~| l`c`glì klr{~lny{lc` cf {cìr' o~mxelbr m`k omai kcw gcmkr.

[eiri ri~vlbir klk `c{ dyr{ l`b~imri {eil~ rmgi cf acnlgi xecìrny{ wi~i mgrc f~yl{fyg mr {ei| amki eyoi x~cfl{r n| rigglò {eiomair. L` >889' @cjlm mgrc gmy`beik omair nmrik c` L`klmà|{ecgco| `maig| Amjem` bec~ m`k Rwm|mavm~. Nc{e wi~i

m~bmki omair l`vcgvl o {wc acr{ cf {ei fmacyr bem~mb{i~r`maig|' Gc~k J~lre`m m`k M~dy`.

@cjlm mgrc {lik yx wl{e Nem~{l biggygm~ l` >889 {c byr{calti l{rem`kri{r {e~cyoe welbe l{r yri~r bcygk mbbirr ayg{laiklmri~vlbir n| yrlò m` mkkl{lc`mg ji| c` {ei acnlgi xecì. Mgrcrl`bi am`| FA bem`ìgr wi~i l {~ckybik l` L`klm l` im~g|>888r' @cjlm nm`jik c` {ei cxxc~{y`l{| n| bcalò wl{e FAxecìr m{{~mb{lò m gc{ cf |cy{e. Gm{i~ c` l` >889' @cjlm bmaiwl{e RAR ri~vlbir l` c{ei~ L`klm` gmòymoir l`bgyklò Am~m{el'

[malg' Niòmgl m`k Jm``mkm.

L` @cviani~ >88?' @cjlm bmai wl{e Ncgg|wcck bgmrrlb acvliRecgm| x~igcmkik l` @885. L{ lr m @cjlmkymg!nm`k ORA bigg xecì. L{ emr m bmai~m' ayg{laiklmxgm|nmbj' win n~cwri~ m`k i!amlg bgli`{. [elr acnlgi xecìrcgk ac~i {em` 28.888 y`l{r l` >885.



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X m o i w 22

@cjlm 9588 Ux~irrAyrlb lr m ram~{xecì m`k xc~{mngii`{i~{mlài`{ kivlbi n| @cjlm. L{ wmr l`{~ckybik c` Dm`ym~| >'>885 m`k ~igimrik c` Mx~lg >?' >885. Bcki!`maik [yni' l{ lr{ei fl~r{ {cyberb~ii`!i}ylxxik R68 kivlbi n| @cjlm' {ei vi~rlc`nilò r68v9. L{/r xm~{ cf {ei Ux~irrAyrlb ri~lir cf xecìr'welbe iaxemrltir ayrlb m`k ayg{laiklm xgm|nmbj. [ei{cyberb~ii` fim{y~ir {mb{lgi fiiknmbj %{ecyoe l{ kcir `c{ yri@cjlm/r Emx{ljcr {ibe`cgco|,. [ei 9588 emr m bcaxm{lnlgl{|

acki fc~ Dmvm mxxglbm{lc`r {em{ m~i `c{ {cyberb~ii`!mwm~i. L{wc~jr n| yrlò xm~{ cf {ei rb~ii` fc~ klrxgm|lò {ei irri`{lmgny{{c`r ~i}yl~ik n| {ei x~co~ma. C` Dm`ym~| >2' >888828 @y~c` lr m gcw!bcr{ ram~{xecì f~ca @cjlm {em{lr am`yfmb{y~ik l` Rcy{e Jc~im m`k Aiulbc m`k lr fmacyr m`kbcaac`g| yrik l` L`klm. @cjlm 9>28 wmr {ei nir{ riggi~ l`>8=8' =98.888 y`l{r rcgk.

[ei @cjlm I?!88' mgrc j`cw` mr @cjlm I?' lr m nyrlìrr!c~li`{ik]_I^[\ ram~{xecì n| @cjlm f~ca {ei @cjlm Iri~lir. L{ wmr

m``cy`bik m{ @cjlm wc~gk l` Rix{iani~ >8=8 {coi{ei~ wl{e {ei@cjlm B6!8= m`k @cjlm B? m`k r{m~{ik relxxlò l` Fin~ym~|



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X m o i w 2;

>8==. L{ lr {ei ribc`k xecì mf{i~ {ei @cjlm @5 {c ni ~y``lò{ei R|anlm`P2 cxi~m{lò r|r{ia.

@cjlm Gyalm 588 %bcki`maik /Rim ^m|/, lr m _l`kcwr Xecì CRxcwi~ik ram~{xecì' fl~r{ y`vilgik c` >6 Cb{cni~ >8== m{ {ei

@cjlm _c~gk >8== ivi`{.Z;Q L{ wmr @cjlm/r fl~r{ acnlgi xecì {c~y` _l`kcwr Xecì CR. L{ am~jik {ei bcaxm`| relf{r cf fcbyrl` fmvcy~ cf _l kcwr Xecì fc~ l{r x~ialya x~lbik xecìr.@cjlm Gyalm 588' 9* algglc` rcgk wl{el` Am~be >8=>.

9.2 X~lblò

X~lblò cf {ei xecìr wmr cf x~lai laxc~{m`bi fc~ rybbirr l`

L`klm. Nilò m kivigcxlò bcy`{~|' {ei xy~bemrlò xcwi~ cf {eixicxgi wmr `c{ eloe mr bcaxm~ik {c c{ei~ kivigcxik bcy`{~lir.îrim~be y`vilgik {em{ xecìr cf gcwi~ x~lbi ~mòi %nigcw^r5888 c~ +>88 mxx~cu., macy`{ik fc~ 69) cf {ei {c{mg rmgir l`L`klm. @cjlm kixi`kik amdc~g| c` ~y~mg am~ji{: {ei~ifc~i'x~lblò wmr m amdc~ rybbirr fmb{c~ fc~ {ei bcaxm`|. @cjlm klkmbelivi rybbirr l` L`klm' l` rxl{i cf {ei fmb{' {em{ l{r em`kri{rwi~i `c{ {ei beimxir{ l` {ei am~ji{.

@cjlm ==88' welbe wmr rxiblmgg| gmy`beik fc~ L`klm' wmr x~lbik

m{ ^r. ;888. [elr x~lbi' mg{ecyoe wmr m{ m x~ialya mr



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X m o i w 29

bcaxm~ik {c i`{~| givig xecìr' ny{ wmr ièm`bik wl{e rivi~mgrxiblmg fim{y~ir welbe wi~i `c{ mvmlgmngi l` c{ei~ xecìr cf {eirmai x~lbi. [ei eimk cf am~ji{lò m{ @cjlm L`klm' Rm`dm| Niegrmlk' [ei xecì lr m bcanl`m{lc` cf x~ckyb{ niìfl{r m`k

x~lblò. [elr ackig fy~{ei~ nibmai {ei nir{rigglò ackig ivi~l` L`klm. L{ mgrc l`b~imrik {ei n~m`k x~ifi~i`bi cf @cjlm f~ca66) {c ??) wl{el` < ac`{er cf l{r gmy`be. [elr recw ecw`m{y~i cf L`klm` bc`ryai~ lr vmgyi ri`rl{lvi. [ei amdc~r{~m{iolbmgg| acvi n| @cjlm l` {elr ~iom~k wmr {em{ l{ bem~oik mgcwi~ x~lbi l` L`klm {em` acr{ cf c{ei~ bcy`{~lir fc~ {ei rmaiackig.

9.; Xgmbi %Klr{~lny{lc`,

Acnlgi xecìr l` L`klm m~i bc`rlki~ik mr {c ni bc`ryai~ky~mngi' ei`bi {ei| m~i `c{ dyr{ rcgk {e~cyoe iubgyrlvi {igibca~i{mlgi~r ny{ mgrc {e~cyoe oiì~mg ~i{mlgi~r. @cjlm kirloìk l{rklr{~lny{lc` r{~m{io| c` glìr cf FABO nyrlìrr.

M` laxc~{m`{ ~imrc` fc~ {ei rybbirr cf acnlgi xecìr l` L`klmwmr glal{ik ~imbe cf {ei gm`kglì xecìr l` rivi~mg xm~{r cf {eibcy`{~|. N| alk >889 {ei acnlgi xecì rmgir l` ramggi~ {cw`rm`k bl{lir wmr eloei~ {em` {ecri cf {ei ai{~cxcgl{m`r. [ei rmgirl` {eiri y~nm` am~ji{r wi~i niol``l o {c rm{y~m{i. [eiklr{~lny{lc` l` {eiri ramgg {cw`r bmggik fc~ `c`!{~mkl{lc`mgbem`ìgr. @cjlm r{~iò{eiìk {eil~ klr{~lny{lc` ì{wc~j' m`krigib{ik klr{~lny{c~r f~ca FABO glì c~ iuxi~li`bi ecgki~r fc~

ky~mngir c~ my{cacnlgir. L` fmb{' mncy{ m flf{e cf {ei acnlgixecì rmgir l` L`klm wi~i bc`ryai~ ky~mngir c~ ri~vlbix~cvlki~r recxr.

L` =


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X m o i w 26

r{cbjlir{ mgg cvi~ L`klm. @XBr wi~i cì r{cx recxr fc~ {eibcaxgi{i ~mòi cf @cjlm acnlgi xecìr' nm{{i~lir' bem~oi~r'mbbirrc~lir' bcvi~r' em`kr f~ii jl{r m`k bm~ jl{r macòr{c{ei~r. L{ mgrc x~cvlkik {ei mf{i~ rmgir ri~vlbir fc~ @cjlmr

em`kri{r. @XBr wi~i ayg{l n~m`k ~i{mlgr cy{gi{r wl{e 68) cf{eil~ m~im kiklbm{ik {c @cjlm. _elgi ~iklr{~lny{lc` r{cbjlr{rwi~i fc~ ryxxg|lò em`kri{r mb~crr L`klm.

EBG mgrc bmai wl{e @cjlm Bm~i Bi`{i~r %@BBr, fc~ x~cvlklòrcgy{lc`r {c acnlgi ~igm{ik x~cngiar. [eiri wi~i rx~imk mggcvi~ {ei bcy`{~| m`k x~cvlkik xecì ~ixml~lò rcf{wm~i yx!o~mkm{lc` ri~vlbir. [ei| mgrc klrxgm|ik bcaxgi{i ~mòi acnlgixecìr' km{m x~ckyb{r m`k bcaxgi{i acnlgi xecìrmbbirrc~lir. @cjlmr vmr{ klr{~lny{lc` ì{wc~j bcvi~ik mgacr{

ivi~| bl{| c~ {cw` wei~i acnlgi ì{wc~j wmr mvmlgmngi. @cjlmemr cxiìk l{r ~i{mlg cy{gi{ @cjlm X~lc~l{| mr wigg mr am`|my{ec~ltik kimgi~r m{ vm~lcyr xgmbir.

9.9 X~cac{lc`

Oml`lò mbbix{m`bi cf L`klm` bc`ryai~ lr `c{ mr rlaxgi mrc{ei~ bcy`{~lir. L`klm lr m ayg{lbyg{y~mg bcy`{~|' wei~i xicxgiemvi r{~cò niglivi l` {eil~ a|{ecgco|' `m{lc`mgl{| m`k byg{y~irm`k {c mkk {c l{' {eil~ xy~bemrlò xcwi~ wmr `c{ mr eloe mrc{ei~ bcy`{~lir wei~i @cjlm wmr cxi~m{lò. Ei`bi' {c mbelivimxx~cvmg cf {ei acnlgi bc`ryai~r l` L`klm' @cjlm kiblkik {cgcbmglti l{r x~ckyb{r eimvlg|. Fc~ {ei xy~xcri cf kivigcxlò {eix~ckyb{r rxiblflbmgg| fc~ am~ji{r wl{e eloe xcxygm{lc` m`k gcwxiì{~m{lc`' @cjlm kivigcxik m {ima bmggik Acnlgi I {~|Nyrlìrr Y`l{.

@cjlm i`{i~ik L`klm wl{e cì fc~ acnlgi ri~vlbir {c r{m~{' m`kemk {c ir{mnglre l{r `c`!xcxygm~ n~m`k. [c nylgk b~iki`{lmgr {eibcaxm`| yrik nc{e x~l`{ m`k {igivlrlc` bmaxmlo`r. L` {ei im~g|km|r' x~l`{ aiklm bc`bi`{~m{ik c` @cjlmr r{m{yr' ogcnmg ^&K

m`k l`{i~`m{lc`mg mwm~kr wc` {c ir{mnglre n~m`k mwm~iìrr.


Bc`ryai~

Am`yfmb{y~i~ Kimgi~ Xgmbi Alu


37/46

X m o i w 2?

Ivi` mf{i~ {ei am~ji{ o~iw' @cjlmr mkvi~{lriai`{rbc`bi`{~m{ik c` x~ckyb{ m{{~lny{ir.

Y`{lg >882' @cjlm yrik mgg {eil~ l`{i~`m{lc`mg mkvi~{lriai`{rwl{e rgloe{ acklflbm{lc`r l` L`klm. Fc~ l`r{m`bi' {eimkvi~{lriai`{ fc~ @OMOI recwik {wc |cyò xi~rc`r oi{{lònc~ik r{ybj l` {~mfflb dma m`k {ei` {ei| recw {eia bcanm{ wl{eryxi~ `m{y~mg xcwi~r. L{ recwik ecw @OMOI bcygk eigx {eiaxmrr {eil~ {lai. Ny{ l{ klk `c{ emvi m vi~| occk iffib{ c` {eiL`klm` mykli`bi mr {ei| bcygk `c{ ~igm{i {eiarigvir {c {eixicxgi cvi~ {ei~i. [ei~i wmr ìikik {c amji rxiblmgmkvi~{lriai`{r fc~ L`klm.

@cjlm L`klm am~jik l{r rxiblmg x~iri`bi l` mkvi~{lriai`{ wc~gk

wl{e Amki fc~ L`klm mk bmaxmlo` c` {ei gmy`be cf @cjlm ==8.[elr wmr {ei fcy~{e mkvi~{lriai`{ b~im{ik l` L`klm ny{ b~im{ikamulaya r{l~ l` {ei l`kyr{~|. [ei mkvi~{lriai`{ recwik {em{{ei @cjlm ==88 wmr gmy`beik fl~r{ l` L`klm m`k mkk~irrik mgg {eibc`bi~`r cf L`klm` bc`ryai~r. [ei mkvi~{lriai`{ amki m bgim~kivlm{lc` f~ca el{ei~{c elx y~nm`!fcbyrik mkvi~{lriai`{r {em{@cjlm m~i j`cw` fc~. L{ mlaik m{ eloegloe{lò {ei n~cmk mxximgcf acnlgi xecìr mb~crr mgg rcblc!ibc`calb rioai`{r cf L`klm.

[ei mla wmr {c eloegloe{ @cjlmr L`klm` lamoi.

Cì mkvi~{lriai`{ {em{ @cjlm amki l` >888 wmr m xynglbl`{i~ir{ mkvi~{lriai`{' y~ol o yri~r {c rwl{be cff {eil~ biggxecìr welgi wm{belò acvlir. L{ recwik m bglx wei~i ei~cxlbjr yx m` m~oyai`{ wl{e xi~rc` rl{{lò l` f~c`{ ~cw l` m acvli{eim{~i. Cì cf {ei mkvi~{lriai`{r wmr fc~ @cjlm >>58 welbewmr cffi~ik l` ny`kgi wl{e ~iglm`bi acnlgi bc`ìb{lc`. [elr wmrm rlaxgi cì welbe ikybm{ik {ei mykli`bi cf mvmlgmnlgl{| cfbeimx em`kri{ wl{e ny`kgik ml~{lai.

@cjlm wmr `c{ {ei am~ji{ gimki~ l` bcgc~ik em`kri{r. [c ~ioml`l{r rem~i' l{ bmai yx wl{e mkvi~{lriai`{ Em~ Din ail ^mò%bcgc~ l` ivi~| xcbji{, fc~ @cjlm >688. L{ wmr m vi~| bcgcy~fygmkvi~{lriai`{' recwlò bcgcy~r rx~imklò cy{ cf @cjlm xecì.L{ recwik {ei lkim cf bcgcy~ rx~imklò emxxlìrr l` ivi~| glfi.

@cjlm bmai yx wl{e rcai occk mkvi~{lriai`{r m~cy`k {ei i`kcf >88?. Cì cf {eia r{m~~lò {ei ryxi~r{m~ cf El`kl blìam'Reme ^yje Jem` bmgglò @cjlm mr elr f~li`k m`k bcaxm`lc` fc~

=8 |im~r. Ei iux~irrir ecw l{ n~lòr m`k rx~imkr emxxlìrrm`k ecw l{ emr nii` wl{e ela {e~cyoe {ei yxr m`k kcw`r cf elr



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X m o i w 25

glfi. C{ei~ mkvi~{lriai`{r emvi nii` ackig rxiblflb mr @cjlmrmkvi~{lriai`{r emvi mgwm|r nii`. C{ei~ mkvi~{lriai`{rl`bgyki @cjlm ?


39/46

X m o i w 28 kimgi~r cfacnlgi xecìr l` L`klm wl{el` {ei moi cf >8!;8 wi~il`{i~vliwik. [ei `yani~ cf l`{i~vliwii wmr ~ir{~lb{ik {c rybe mramgg `yani~ nibmyri cf y`lfc~al{| cf {ei ~irxc`rir f~ca {ei~irxc`rir. L{ wmr niglivik {em{ l`fc~am{lc` wmr oi{{l o~ixi{l{lvi m`k `c ìw l`fc~am{lc` wmr nilò mbelivik.

Cy{ cf {ei >8 ~irxc`ki`{r' ? cwìk @cjlm xecìr. [ei|cyòir{ ~irxc`ki`{ wmr >> |im~r cf moi m`k {ei igkir{ 25.

Nilò {ei kimgi~r cf acnlgi em`kri{r' {eiri ~irxc`ki`{r emkac~i {em` kibi`{ j`cwgikoi cf {ei xecìr' amjlò l{ imrli~ fc~{ei ~irim~bei~ {c bc`kyb{ {ei l`{i~vliw. [ei nmbjo~cy`k ki{mlgrcf {eiri ~irxc`ki`{r m~i olvi` nigcw4

@mai Moi

Gcbm{lc` Kimgi~relx Em`kri{Cìk

Kiixmj >> Fm~lkmnmk

@cjlm' Mxxgi' Mggamdc~bcaxm`lir

lXecì

Elamòrey >2 @iw

Kigel

@cjlm'Rmaryò'

Mgg aidc~bcaxm`lir

Rmaryò



40/46

X m o i w ;8

Jmyrelj 2= Jcgjm{m @cjlm' Mgg amdc~bcaxm`lir

@cjlm

^lrel >5 Oy~omc` Mgg amdc~bcaxm`lir

Rc`| I~lbrrc`

Mam` >6 Kigel @cjlm X~lc~l{| @cjlmMvl`mre >; Vm~m`mrl @cjlm' Mxxgi' Mgg

amdc~bcaxm`lir

Rmaryò

^meyg 2> Xm{`m @cjlm & Mggamdc~bcaxm`lir

@cjlm

M``y >5 Vmkckm~m @cjlm X~lc~l{| RmaryòNlxl` 25 Am{ey~m @cjlm'

Rmaryò' amdc~bcaxm`lir

Alb~camu

Mjrel{ >2 Xyì @cjlm & Mggamdc~bcaxm`lir

@cjlm

M`remd >9 Ayanml @cjlm' Mgg amdc~bcaxm`lir

GO

X~mrm`{ >; Meamkmnmk

@cjlm' Mgg amdc~bcaxm`lir

@cjlm

Neyrem` >5 Nmòmgc~i @cjlm' Mxxgi' Mggamdc~bcaxm`lir

Ngmbjni~~|

^ Rem~am >6 @mrlj @cjlm & Mggamdc~bcaxm`lir

Rc`| I~lbrrc`

A~l`mg 25 M~manmoe

@cjlm' Mgg amdc~bcaxm`lir

@cjlm

Xm`jmd >6 Bem`klom

~e

@cjlm & Mgg

amdc~bcaxm`lir

Rmaryò

Gcvgl` >2 Owmglc~ @cjlm'Ngmbjni~~|'E[B' Rc`|I~lbrrc`

Ngmbjni~~|

Rm~mn >? Ma~l{rm~ @cjlm' Mxxgi'E[B & amdc~bcaxm`lir

E[B

Mnelreij >; Mo~m @cjlm'Rmaryò' Mgg @cjlm



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amdc~bcaxm`lir

Rcyvlj >2 Ny~kwm` @cjlm X~lc~l{| Rmaryò

6.2 M`mg|rlr m`k Klrbyrrlc`

[c r{m~{ {ei bc`vi~rm{lc` m`k amji {ei l`{i~vliwiibcafc~{mngi' ac~i oiì~mg }yir{lc`r wi~i mrjik. Fl~r{ cf mgg{ei| mrjik {c bcaai`{ c` {ei biggygm~ xecì am~ji{ cf L`klm.

[ei| wi~i mrjik mncy{ {ei wm| {ei am~ji{ emr o~cw` m`kmncy{ {ei fy{y~i cf {ei am~ji{. [ei| mgg emvi m`rwi~ik mgacr{l` {ei rmai am`ì~ {em{' {ei L`klm` biggygm~ xecì l`kyr{~| emrwl{ìrrik iubix{lc`mg o~cw{e l` {ei xmr{ fiw |im~r. [ei fy{y~imgrc riiar {c ni n~loe{ mr acnlgi xecì lr bc`rlki~ik mrbc`ryai~ ky~mngi l` {ei bcy`{~|.

6.2.= Rybbirr m`k {ei N~m`k

@c{ ry~x~lrlòg|' wei` mrjik mncy{ {ei am~ji{ gimki~' acr{ cf{ei ~irxc`ki`{ emk `c kcyn{r {em{ l{ wmr @cjlm mgg {ei wm|. Ny{

rc am`| ~i{mlgi~r m`rwi~ik Rmaryò. Mr xi~ km{m @cjlmram~ji{ rem~i lr 2


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mgacr{ c g| =?). L` {ei Ram~{xecì m`k Kyig RLA rib{c~am~ji{ rem~i cf Rmaryò lr l`b~imrlò vi~| eloeg|. M`k c{ei~bcaxm lir glji Alb~camu' Ac{c~cgm m`k Rc`| I~lbrrc` m~iolvlò @cjlm occk bcaxi{l{lc` m`k emvi rii` amdc~ l`b~imri l`

rmgir. _ei` mrjik mncy{ ~imrc`r cf @cjlmr rybbirr' {ei~irxc`ki`{r niglivik {em{ fim{y~ir cf {ei xecì wi~i aml`k~lvlò fc~bi fc~ {ei rmgir cf em`kri{r. C{ei~ laxc~{m`{ ~imrc`rl`bgykik' n~m`k lamoi kyi {c xmr{ iuxi~li`bi' gcò nm{{i~| glfi'yri~ f~li`kglìrr' r{y~klìrr' `yani~ cf ackigr cffi~ik. Rcaicf {ei ~irxc`ki`{r ~ixg| wmr mr fcggcwr4

Xicxgi gccj fc~ ky~mnlgl{| m`k rlaxgi ìrr l` yrmoi^lrel

Xicxgi xy~bemrlò @cjlm mgrc emk x~cngia' ny{ {em{ wmr ~imgg|

~m~i l` bcaxm~lrc` yri~r cf c{ei~ em`kri{r fmbik x~cngiar c`m ac~i ~ioygm~ nmrlrMjrel{

@cjlm emr mgwm|r rm{lrflir {ei byr{cai~' `cw {ei| niglivi {em{{elr bcaxm`| lr ~iglmngi {ei~i lr m r{~cò n~m`k x~ifi~i`biMvl`mre

Ry~vi| c` ^m`jlò cf {ei @cjlmr cffi~lò4

@mai Mkv

i~{lriai`{

Nm{{i

~|Glfi

Yri~

F~li`kg|

Fim{y~

ir

X~lb

i

îolc

`mgFgmvcy~

Ri~vl

bi

Kiixmj 2 = > 6 ; ? 9Elamòrey

> = 6 2 9 ; ?

Jmyrelj = 2 > 6 9 ? ;^lrel = > ; 2 6 9 ?

Mam` 2 > = 9 ? 6 ;Mvl`mre > 2 ; 6 9 ? =^meyg = 9 ? 2 6 > ;M``y ; 6 9 2 > = ?Nlxl` > ? = 2 9 ; 6Mjrel{ = ; ? 9 6 2 >M`remd 2 ? 9 6 ; > =X~mrm`{ 9 6 ? > = ; 2Neyrem` ? 6 9 > 2 ; =

^ 2 ? = 9 ; 6 >



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Rem~amA~l`mg ? 6 ; = > 9 2Xm`jmd ; 9 6 ? 2 = >Gcvgl` 9 6 2 ? ; > =

Rm~mn ? ; 9 > 6 2 =Mnelreij 9 ? 6 ; 2 = >Rcyvlj 6 ; 2 > 9 ? =

[C[MG?> 5; 5= 56 5= 6;

@cjlm emk o~im{ cffi~l o l` L`klm` am~ji{ {c mb}yl~i ac~iam~ji{ rem~i. Nm{{i~| Glfi %, %^m`jik =r{, lr {ei eloeir{xm~mai{i~ welbe wmr mngi {c m{{~mb{ ac~i L`klm` byr{cai~. Gcwx~lbi %56, %^m`jik >`k, lr {ei ribc`k xm~mai{i~ welbe lr amkiac~i xc{i`{lmg ny|i~ {c mb{ymg ny|i~. @cjlmr Yri~ F~li`kg| %5;,%^m`jik 2~k, cxi~m{lc` lr {ei ji| fmb{c~ l` {ei Rybbirr cf @cjlm.

[ei L``cvm{lvi Fim{y~ir %5=, %^m`jik ;{e, m`k îolc`mg Fgmvcy~%5=, %^m`jik ;{e, l` @cjlm xecìr amki {ei xicxgi cf L`klm {cny| ac~i @cjlm x~ckyb{. Nc{e Fim{y~ir m`k îolc`mg Fgmvcy~oc{ {ei fc~{e ~m`j l` {ei x~ifi~i`bi xm~mai{i~. Laxmb{ cfMkvi~{lriai`{ %?>, %^m`jik 9{e, cf @cjlm mgrc lax~irrik mgm~oi `yani~ cf xcxygm{lc` {c ny| {ei x~ckyb{. Mf{i~ rmgirRi~vlbi %6;, %^m`jik 6{e, cf @cjlm lr mgrc mngi {c mrry~i xicxgi

mncy{ {ei ri~vlbi mf{i~ rmgir. [elr m{{~mb{ik eyoi `yani~ cfn|i~ l` {ei L`klm` am~ji{. _l{e {ei eigx cf mncvi cffi~lòr@cjlm emr mgrc b~im{ik l{r am~ji{ ~ixy{m{lc`: l{ emr l`b~imrikl{r N~m`k vmgyi l` L`klm mr wigg mr l` {ei L`{i~`m{lc`mg am~ji{.

6.6 Fy{y~i m`k Rbcxi cf Lax~cviai`{

M`| am~ji{ wl{e eloe {ibe`cgcolbmg i`vl~cài`{ ocir {e~cyoe

~mxlk bemòir. [ei~i m~i am`| bemòir {mjlò xgmbi l` acnlgixecì am~ji{ l` L`klm. [ei kiam`kr cf bc`ryai~ m~i bemòlò.

[ei| x~ifi~ xy~bemrlò xecìr wl{e acr{ fim{y~ir. [ei lkimwmr {c bm~~| m omkoi{ wl{e ivi~|{elò l` l{' f~ca bmai~m {c ax2xgm|i~ {c l`{i~ì{ ry~flò {c cfflbi ryxxc~{.

! @cjlm bm` iuxm`k l{r am~ji{ rem~i n| l`{~ckyblò n~m`k l`ìw am~ji{ m`k n| bm{i~lò ìw {m~oi{ am~ji{ mr wigg.

! L{ bm` mgrc bmx{y~i ac~i am~ji{ rem~i m`k m{{~mb{ ac~ibyr{cai~r l` iulr{lò am~ji{ n| bemòlò x~lbi m`k l`{~ckyblò



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ìw x~ckyb{ ~mòi m`k mgrc n| l``cvm{lò x~ckyb{ fim{y~ir cfiulr{lò x~ckyb{r.

! L`b~imri {eil~ x~iri`bi l` {ei BKAM am~ji{' lr r{lgg kcal`m{ikn| GO m`k Rmaryò. @cjlm mgrc ìik {c bc`bi`{~m{i c` M`k~clk

xgm{fc~a.

! [e~cyoe iubirrlvi mkvi~{lriai`{ m`k iffib{lvi am~ji{bcaay`lbm{lc` l{ bm` r{~cò l{r ~ixy{m{lc` m`k l`b~imri l{rrmgir m`k mgrc b~im{i occk n~m`k lamoi macò {ei xicxgi.

! @cjlm l{rigf nibcalò {ei l{ia cf ivi~|km| bc`vi`li`bi {eikm| lr `c{ rc fm~ {em{ l{ wlgg nibcai {ei l{ia cf ivi~|km| yri.

! @cjlm recygk l`b~imri ac~i x~ckyb{r wl{e Kyig RLA fmblgl{|.

?. BC@BGYRLC@

?.= Bc`bgyrlc` m`k îbcaai`km{lc`r

[elr bemx{i~ bc`bgykir {ei r{yk| n| eloegloe{lò {ei ji|fl`klòr cf {ei r{yk| m`k {ei` rcai ~ibcaai`km{lc`r fc~ @cjlm

fc~ fy{y~i. [ei` {ei bemx{i~ klrbyrrir {c {ei glal{m{lc`r cf {eir{yk| m`k i`kcwr {ei ryooir{lc`r fc~ fy{y~i ~irim~be.

[ei mla cf {ei r{yk| lr {c b~l{lbmgg| m`mg|ti @cjlmr am~ji{lòr{~m{io| l` L`klm m`k {c iumalì {ei iffib{ c` l{r rmgir. Fc~ {elrxy~xcri ribc`km~| rcy~bir wi~i yrik {c bcggib{ {ei l`fc~am{lc`cf am~ji{l o r{~m{iolir m`k rial!r{~yb{y~ik l`{i~vliwr cfacnlgi xecì kimgi~r l` L`klm wi~i bc`kyb{ik {c beibj {eiam~ji{ ~irxc`ri cf @cjlm. [ei bc`bgyrlc`r {em{ bcygk ni k~mw`wi~i' {ei aml k~lvi~r cf rmgir cf @cjlm m~i {ei x~ckyb{

fim{y~ir. [ei am~ji{lò r{~m{io| {ecyoe moo~irrlvi m`k vi~|byr{cai~ rxiblflb wmr `c{ {ei x~lai fc~bi {cwm~kr {ei rmgir.

[ei x~lbir cf @cjlm xecìr m~i bcaxi{l{lvi ny{ {ei| m~i `c{ {eix~lbi gimki~r. Ecwivi~' aybe l`fc~am{lc` c` {ei klr{~lny{lc`ì{wc~j bcygk `c{ ni om{ei~ik. [ei~i lr ìik fc~ @cjlm {cklffi~i`{lm{i l{rigf f~ca {ei xmr{. [elr recygk ni kcì n|nibcalò ac~i byr{cai~!f~li`kg| {c {ei Mrlm` am~ji{r. @cjlmrecygk x~cdib{ l{rigf ac~i moo~irrlvig| {c {ei gcw i`k' amrram~ji{ wl{e l{r gcw ~mòi %ny{ el!}ymgl{|, x~ckyb{r. [ei~i lr mgrc

m ìik {c kivigcx m XKM xecì fc~ l{r eloe ~mòi byr{cai~r.Cvi~ {ei {lai' }ymgl{| emr nii` @cjlmr rybbirr fmb{c~. [ei|



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emvi kivigcxik m n~m`k `mai' m`k {ei bc`ryai~r emvi m eloen~m`k x~ifi~i`bi. [ei~i lr ìik {c l`!bmre c` {elr n| bc`{l`ylò{c gmy`be {ei occk }ymgl{| x~ckyb{r. [ei amdc~ k~mwnmbj wmr`c{ yx {c {ei am~j mf{i~ rmgir byr{cai~ ri~vlbir.

[ei ji| r{~m{io| {em{ bm` ni ryooir{ik lr {c aml`{ml` l{rgimki~relx wl{e ~imrc`mng| }ymgl{| k~lvi`' gcw i`k x~ckyb{r fc~{ei amrr am~ji{. Bc`rlki~lò {ei fy{y~i' {elr wlgg ni wlril`vir{ai`{. _l{e {elr {ei| bm` nm`j yxc` {ei n~m`k x~ifi~i`bim`k l`b~imri {ei am~ol` l`r{imk cf rmgir.

?.> Glal{m{lc`r cf {ei ~irim~be

[ei nlooir{ glal{m{lc` cf {elr ~irim~be wmr {lai. Kyi {c {lai

bc`r{~ml`{r' {ei l`{i~vliwr wi~i ~ir{~lb{ik {c m vi~| ramgg`yani~. Bcr{ wmr mgrc klrmkvm`{moi l` {ei x~cbirr cf {ei~irim~be. [ei kimgi~r wi~i becri` fc~ l`{i~vliwr mr l{ wmrniglivik {em{ {ei| wcygk olvi m ac~i oiì~mgltik vliw cf {eiwecgi am~ji{. Ecwivi~' {eil~ m`rwi~ ~ixglbm{ik {eil~ rxiblflbbyr{cai~ nmri m`k xi~rc`mg beclbi. Lf {lai lr `c glal{m{lc`' {eibc`ryai~r recygk ni kl~ib{g| bc`{mb{ik fc~ {eil~ vliwr.

5. ÎFIÎ@BIR

Ni~oi~' M.M. %>888,' Aiklm m`k Bcaay`lbm{lc` îrim~beAi{eckr4 M` L`{~ckyb{lc` {c ]ymgl{m{lvi m`k ]ym`{l{m{lviMxx~cmbeir' Rmoi xynglbm{lc`' xx>2

Nlgji|' _. D. m`k @ir' I. %=,' Bcy`{~|!Cf!C~lol` Iffib{r C`X~ckyb{ Ivmgym{lc`r' Dcy~`mg cf L`{i~`m{lc`mg Nyrlìrr R{yklir'Rx~lò#Ryaai~' Vcg. =2' @c. =' xx. 5

Bmrrig' B. m`k R|ac`' O. %>88;,' Irri`{lmg oylki {c ]ymgl{m{lvi

ai{eckr l` C~om`ltm{lc`mg îrim~be' Rmoi Xynglbm{lc`' Gc`kc`

Bemc' X. %=


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www.iklrri~{m{lc`r.`c{{lòema.mb.yj#=6#8?AMglu`k=.xkf

Am~ji{i~r wec kcal`m{i {ei am~ji{'e{{x4##www.ibc`calb{lair.l`klm{lair.bca' =< Kib' >88?' =?88e~r LR[' [@@

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Summer Project Report on NOKIA (STRATEGIES OF NOKIA IN INDIAN MARKET)

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Transcript of Summer Project Report on NOKIA (STRATEGIES OF NOKIA IN INDIAN MARKET)