Summer-DISC 6341© Andrew Schwarz, 2002Slide 1 Lecture 7 Session 1 Integration in a Complex...
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Transcript of Summer-DISC 6341© Andrew Schwarz, 2002Slide 1 Lecture 7 Session 1 Integration in a Complex...
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 1
Lecture 7 Session 1Lecture 7 Session 1Integration in a Complex Integration in a Complex
EnvironmentEnvironment
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 2
Questions to Explore
1. What is the new IT Infrastructure?
2. What are the complications?
3. How does IT ensure business continuity?
4. What about security?
5. What is the application of this lecture for you, as a manager, in the digital age?
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 3
Question #1:Question #1:What is the new IT What is the new IT
Infrastructure?Infrastructure?
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 4
The New IT Infrastructure
Traditional firms use an IT infrastructure to support their own business
Digital firms digitally connect with suppliers and customers
The connectivity means more complexity and a new IT infrastructure– But how does it all fit together?
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 5
Choices, Choices, Choices…
In the past, users only completed work on their PC
Now, there are a proliferation of devices– PDA’s– Information Appliances– Mobile Phones– Mobile Devices
How do they all work together and integrate with kiosks, POS systems, etc…
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 6
Enterprise Networking An arrangement of the organization’s hardware,
software, network, and data resources to put more power on the desktop and create a company-wide network
Create a strong central backbone of several networks
Link the backbone to other networks through internetworking arrangements
The goal: connectivity or passing/sharing information without human intervention
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 7
Popular Internetworking Arrangement:Using the Internet
Began as a government program to connect universities
No formal owner, but agencies that convey standards
Collection of networks that are connected to one another
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 8
Internet Terms
http: hyper text transmission protocol SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol FTP: File Transfer Protocol Domain name: unique name of the node on the
Internet IP address: Internet Protocol address (4-part
numeric address) DNS server: Domain Name System Server Firewall: Protects data
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 9
New (and cool) e-Commerce Software
Clickstream tracking: tracking data about customer activities
Collaborative filtering: providing the user with what the company thinks they want to see by analyzing patterns
Personalized pricing: providing different prices to different users (Richness/reach revisited)
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 10
Making Devices Talk to Each Other
Remember from telecommunications: all of the devices must have the same protocol
So, all of the devices must use the protocol of the Internet if this is the backbone– TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol
But, not all devices can output the same information due to bandwidth and telecommunication infrastructure limitations
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 11
An Example:Integrating a Complex Environment
TPSDatabase
LegacyDatabase
WAP Server
WebServer
CRMSoftware
WAPWML
HTMLXML
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 12
Question #2:Question #2:What are the complications?What are the complications?
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 13
Further Complications:Emerging Technologies
Voice over IP (VoIP): using the Internet Protocol to deliver phone service
VPN: Virtual Private Networks Internet2 Bluetooth: Allowing devices to connect
without wires Wi-Fi: 802.11 connection of devices Blackberry: handheld device for e-mail
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 14
Complications Could Lead to Tragic Results
Connectivity & “Internet Time” Integration—risk/reward? Control—who owns the Internet? Organizational change—where can work be
done now? Hidden costs—complexity understated? Bandwidth, bandwidth, bandwidth… Security
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 15
Managerial Suggestions
Proper planning is key to an enterprise infrastructure
Manage the change, understanding the sociotechnical view
Integration provides advantages, but benefits are to the business
Education and training—including at the top!
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 16
Question #3:Question #3:How does IT ensure business How does IT ensure business
continuity?continuity?
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 17
IT Business Continuity Planning
IT is vulnerable to many threats– Hackers within– Hackers from the outside– Natural disaster– Viruses– Failures of hardware, software,
telecommunications IT must develop a plan for business
continuity
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 19
Four Components of Disruption Planning
1 Portfolio analysis
3 Assessing capabilities
4 Determine stakeholders
affected
2 Stages of disruptive management
For A Specific Disruptive
Event
Overall risk assessment &
planning
Source: Chin, Schwarz, Todd, and Taylor, 2000
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 20
Portfolio Analysis Evaluate the risk of all disruptive events
from a portfolio perspective. Recognize that many disruptions share
similarities. Benefits of this approach
– efficiency– increased managerial effectiveness– strategic planning tool
1 Portfolio Analysis
3 Assessing capabilities
4 Determine stakeholders
affected
2 Stages of disruptive management
Source: Chin, Schwarz, Todd, and Taylor, 2000
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 21
Stages of a Disruption
1 Portfolio Analysis
3 Assessing capabilities
4 Determine stakeholders
affected
2Stages of disruptive management
Detection/Awareness
Preparation/Prevention
Containment/Mitigation
Recovery
Learning
For each disruption, examine how the disruption should be handled at each stage
Source: Chin, Schwarz, Todd, and Taylor, 2000
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 22
Assessing Capabilities
Consider what technical, political, and cultural capabilities are needed in your organization to handle the stages
If there are holes, determine what capabilities you need and create an action plan
1 Portfolio Analysis
3 Assessing capabilities
4 Determine stakeholders
affected
2 Stages of disruptive management
Source: Chin, Schwarz, Todd, and Taylor, 2000
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 23
Stakeholders
1 Portfolio Analysis
3 Assessing capabilities
4 Determine stakeholders
affected
2 Stages of disruptive management
Stakeholders
Suppliers Management
Competitors
Stockholders
RegulatorsEmployees
Consumers
UnionMedia
Source: Chin, Schwarz, Todd, and Taylor, 2000
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 24
The Result: BCP
The result of these stages is a business continuity plan that articulates:– The threats facing IT– What IT is doing now to detect these threat– What IT will do if the threats become a reality
This plan needs to be shared with all in the organization through training
BCP is an important post 9/11 area in business
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 25
Question #4:Question #4:What about security?What about security?
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 26
Integration Challenge: Security
IT needs to design policies, procedures, and technical measures to prevent unauthorized access, alteration, theft, or physical damage
Should include…– Who should get access (and why)– How they should get access (from where)– What they should be doing with that access– What to do when access has been violated
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 27
Security Approaches to Secure Data
As data is flowing between networks, it is susceptible
Options– VPN– Firewall– Encryption (Coding/Scrambling messages)– Authentication (Are you who you claim to be?)– Digital signatures (Unique ID)– Digital certificate (Verify ID)
SENDER SCRAMBLEDMESSAGE
RECIPIENT
Encrypt with public key
Decrypt with private key
How Encryption Works
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 29
Question #5:Question #5:What is the application of this What is the application of this
lecture for you, as a manager, in lecture for you, as a manager, in the digital age?the digital age?
Summer-DISC 6341 © Andrew Schwarz, 2002 Slide 30
Top 3 Applications from this Lecture
1. Planning is key, for both integration and business continuity
2. Educate and train users, so that they understand the complexity of the IT organization
3. Any change requires knowledge of the sociotechnical view