Summary(3) -- Dynamics in the universe --
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Transcript of Summary(3) -- Dynamics in the universe --
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Summary(3)-- Dynamics in the universe --
T. Ohashi (Tokyo Metropolitan U) 1. Instrumentation for dynamics 2. Cluster hard X-rays3. X-ray cavities4. Dark matter dynamics 5. Large-scale features
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Science with NeXT
Strong gravity(BH, Darkmatter)Collision, Explosion, Jets, Magnetic fields etc
Gas motion, Shocks
Particle acceleration
Spectroscopy Microcalorimeter
Hard X-ray image Supermirror + imaging detector
-ray spectrum Compton telescope
Gas heating
High-energy universe
X-rays
-rays
Doppler spectroscopy Microcalorimeter
Cosmic rays
Global view of dynamical processes in the universe
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Emission lines and Doppler spectroscopy
12 eV
Energy resolution of SXS E~7 eV (or better) Fe-K line complex resolved into resonance, intercombinatio
n, forbidden lines Gas motion with v ~ 100 km s-1 resolved
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2-order increase in hard-X sensitivity
Suzaku
NeXT
10 keV 100 keV
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LHard ~ 1043 erg s-1 is reported from about 10 clusters
Merger systems tend to show hard X-ray emission
The detection is still controversial.Coma cluster(Fusco-Femiano et al 04 ⇔ Rossetti and Molendi 04)
Cluster hard X-rays
Nevalainen et al. 04
Hard X-rays from 14 clusters
Thermal
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Cluster radio halos and relics
A3667: Radio relic
1045 1046Lx
(h=0.5)
Ensslin and Roettgering 02
1042
1041
LRadio
(erg/s)
Feretti astro-ph/0406090
=3 GHz
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Expected hard X-ray luminosity
Observed data → LRadio~1041-42 erg s-1
if B = 3 G, then uB ~ uph ~ 0.3 eV cm-3
→ sensitivity of LHard ~ 1041-42 erg s-1 is necessary to explore inverse Compton emission
This is about 100 times higher sensitivity, achievable with the supermirror instrument
If protons carry 100 times more energy than electrons ( magnetic energy density), then non-thermal energy is a large fraction in clusters (equivalent to 1043-44 erg s-
1)
ph
B
IC
syn
u
u
L
L
L
L
X-Hard
RadioMicrowave background
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X-ray CavitiesHCG62 (Chandra):Morita et al. 06
“Ghost cavity”
MS0735.6+7421 (z=0.22)McNamara et al. 05
Hot gas displaced by radio lobesGhost cavities are X-ray cavities without radio lobes nor radio galaxy
deviation
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Non-thermal pressure
HCG62k/f
k = Ratio of proton/electron energy density
f = filling factor (~1)
Required energy density
>> u(magnetic field + electrons)
Large variation of k All protons or extremely
hot gas? Dunn et al. 05
Pressure to match gas pressure
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Dark matter blobs
Gas Dark Matter
(z=0)
Cluster simulation: Eke et al. 98
Galaxy group simulation:Klypin et al. 99
Simulation under CDM scenario
Dark matter blobs are produced
In local group, only ~1/10 are detected as satellite galaxies
Blob velocity (groups): v = 100-1000 km s-1
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Motion of dark matter blobs
1E0657-56: Markevitch et al. 04
Weak lens mass (DM travels forward)
Evrard 1990 (line = velocity)
DM particles/blobs continue to move even after gas is relaxed
Dark matter blobs may carry significant fraction of energy
Gas
Darkmatt
er
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DM blobs may contribute to acceleration
Particle collision with DM blobs can cause Statistical Fermi acceleration
It is possible to accelerate particles within life of clusters
y1024
1 9coll
2
acc
tVc
t
(V = 2000 km s-1, tcoll = 100 kpc/c = 1013 s)
Dark Matterblob
Particle
V
Intracluster space
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Pointing vs survey
Narrow field, high sensitivity: NeXT, Con-X, Xeus
Wide field, survey: eROSITA, MAXI, DIOS Only a few % of the whole sky covered with
CCD resolution Truly large scale structures: cosmic web, G
alactic hot gas, cluster survey etc
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Spectroscopy with microcalorimeters
NeXT SXS
Large 12x12 pix, f.l. = 6m
32 pix, f.l. = 9m
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Warm-hot intergalactic medium
Yoshikawa et al. 03
5 degree = 75 Mpc
Expectation from DIOS
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Dynamics of galactic hot gas
Dynamics of hot galactic ISM: Galactic fountain
OVII
Snowden et al. 95, ApJ 454, 643
Inoue et al. 79, ApJ 227, L85
ROSAT map
GSPC spectrum
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Suzaku to NeXT decadeLow background and wide-band sensitivity
Detection of non-thermal emission from bright objects
First image of non-thermal emission with >100 times higher sensitivity
Gas dynamics through X-ray spectroscopy, with low background soft -ray detectors
Science of on-thermal universe will be much advanced
Suzaku
NeXT
+ Wide field mission for complementary science