Summary Spec Proc

8/12/2019 Summary Spec Proc

1/24

PART II.

SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS

Rules 72 109

(1) Subject Matters of Special Proceedings: CATCH AGE SHA!C (!ules "# $ 1%&)

(a) C'ange of a e

(b) Adoption

(c) Trustees

(d) Constitution of *a il+ Ho e

(e) Hospitali,ation of -nsane Persons

(f) Absence and eat'. eclaration of

(g) Guardians'ip and Custod+ of C'ildren

(') Esc'eat

(i) (/oluntar+) issolution of Corporation

(j) Settle ent of Estate of eceased Persons

(0) Habeas Corpus

(l) ( udicial) Appro2al of /oluntar+ !ecognition of Minor atural C'ildren

( ) !escission and !e2ocation of Adoption

(n) Cancellation or Correction of Entries in t'e Ci2il !egistr+

(#) Special Proceedings is an application or proceeding to establis' t'e status or rig't of a part+. or a particular fact. generall+co enced b+ application. petition or special for of pleading as a+ be pro2ided for b+ t'e particular rule or la34

I. SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE OF DECEASED PERSONS (Rules 73 91)

Settle e!t "# Est$te "# De%e$se& Pe's"!s e!ue $!& P'"%ess (Rule 73)

*+,%+ %"u't +$s -u',s&,%t,"!

(1) -f t'e decedent is an in'abitant of t'e P'ilippines at t'e ti e of 'is deat'. 3'et'er a citi,en of an alien. 'is 3ill s'all be pro2ed.or letters of ad inistration granted. and 'is estate settled. in t'e !TC in t'e pro2ince in 3'ic' 'e resides at t'e ti e of 'is deat'.and if 'e is an in'abitant of a foreign countr+. t'e !TC of an+ pro2ince in 3'ic' 'e 'ad 'is estate4 T'e court first ta0ing cogni,anceof t'e settle ent of t'e estate of a decedent. s'all e5ercise jurisdiction to t'e e5clusion of all ot'er courts (Sec. 1) 4

(#) 6nder !A "7&1. t'e la3 e5panding t'e jurisdiction of t'e inferior courts. MTC. MeTC and MCTC s'all e5ercise e5clusi2eoriginal jurisdiction o2er probate proceedings. testate and intestate. 3'ere t'e 2alue of t'e estate does not e5ceed P#%%.%%%(outside Metro Manila) or 3'ere suc' estate does not e5ceed P8%%.%%% (in Metro Manila)4

(9) T'e jurisdiction of t'e !TC is li ited to t'e settle ent and adjudication of properties of t'e deceased and cannot e5tend tocollateral atters4

e!ue ,! -u&,%,$l settle e!t "# est$te

(1) T'e residence of t'e decedent at t'e ti e of 'is deat' is deter inati2e of t'e 2enue of t'e proceeding4 -f 'e 3as a resident(in'abitant) of t'e P'ilippines. 2enue is laid e5clusi2el+ in t'e pro2ince of 'is residence. t'e jurisdiction being 2ested in t'e !egionalTrial Court t'ereof4 !esidence eans 'is personal. actual. or p'+sical 'abitation. 'is actual residence or place of abode4

(#) -t is onl+ 3'ere t'e decedent 3as a nonresident of t'e P'ilippines at t'e ti e of 'is deat' t'at 2enue lies in an+ pro2ince in3'ic' 'e 'ad estate. and t'en C*- t'ereof first ta0ing cogni,ance of t'e proceeding for settle ent ac uires jurisdiction to t'ee5clusion of ot'er courts4 T'e uestion of residence is deter inati2e onl+ of t'e 2enue and does not affect t'e jurisdiction of t'ecourt4 Hence. t'e institution of t'e proceeding in t'e pro2ince 3'erein t'e decedent neit'er 'ad residence nor estate does not 2itiatet'e action of t'e probate court4

(9) ;'ere t'e proceedings 3ere instituted in t3o courts and t'e uestion of 2enue is seasonabl+ raised. t'e court in 3'ic' t'eproceeding 3as first filed 'as e5clusi2e jurisdiction to resol2e t'e issue (De Borja vs. Tan, 97 Phil. 872) 4

E te!t "# -u',s&,%t,"! "# P'"/$te C"u't

(1) T'e ain function of a probate court is to settle and li uidate t'e estates of deceased person eit'er su aril+ or t'roug' t'eprocess of ad inistration4 T'e !TC acting a s a probate court e5ercises but li ited jurisdiction. t'us it 'as no po3er to ta0ecogni,ance of and deter ine t'e issue of title to propert+ clai ed b+ a t'ird person ad2ersel+ to t'e decedent unless t'e clai antand all ot'er parties 'a2e legal interest in t'e propert+ consent. e5pressl+ or i pliedl+. to t'e sub ission of t'e uestion to t'eprobate court4 -n t'at case. if t'e probate court allo3s t'e introduction of e2idence on o3ners'ip it is for t'e sole purpose ofdeter ining 3'et'er t'e subject properties s'ould be included in t'e in2entor+. 3'ic' is 3it'in t'e probate court


2/24

(#) T'e jurisdiction of t'e probate court erel+ relates to atters 'a2ing to do 3it' t'e settle ent of t'e estate and t'e probate of3ills. t'e appoint ent and re o2al of ad inistrators. e5ecutors. guardians and trustees4 T'e uestion of o3ners'ip is. as a rule. ane5traneous atter 3'ic' t'e probate court cannot resol2e 3it' finalit+ (Intestate Estate of Is ael !e"es, #eirs of !e"es vs. !e"es,$! 1%9&87, 'ov. 2, 2 ) 4

P" e's $!& Dut,es "# P'"/$te C"u't

(1) -n probate proceedings. t'e court:

(a) =rders t'e probate of t'e 3ill of t'e decedent (Sec. %, ! le 77) >

(b) Grants letters of ad inistration of t'e part+ best entitled t'ereto or to an+ ualified applicant (Sec. &, ! le 79) >

(c) Super2ises and controls all acts of ad inistration>

(d) Hears and appro2es clai s against t'e estate of t'e deceased (Sec. 11, ! le 8*) >

(e) =rders pa+ ent of la3ful debts (Sec. 11, ! le 88) >

(f) Aut'ori,es sale. ortgage or an+ encu brance of real estate (Sec. 2, ! le 89) >

(g) irects t'e deli2er+ of t'e estate to t'ose entitled t'ereto (Sec. 1, ! le 9 ) >

(') -ssue 3arrants and processes necessar+ to co pel t'e attendance of 3itnesses or to carr+ into effect t'eir orders and

judg ents. and all ot'er po3ers granted t'e b+ la3 (Sec. %, ! le 7%) >

(i) -f a person defies a probate order. it a+ issue a 3arrant for t'e appre'ension and i prison ent of suc' person until 'eperfor s suc' order or judg ent. or is released (Sec. %, ! le 7%) 4

(#) T'e court acts as trustee. and as suc'. s'ould jealousl+ guard t'e estate and see to it t'at it is 3isel+ and econo icall+ad inistered. not dissipated (Ti +ol vs. ano, 111 Phil. 92%) 4

Su $' Settle e!t "# Est$tes (Rule 7 )

(1) Su ar+ settle ent of estate is a judicial proceeding 3'erein. 3it'out t'e appoint ent of e5ecutor or ad inistrator. and3it'out dela+. t'e co petent court su aril+ proceeds to 2alue t'e estate of t'e decedent> ascertain 'is debts and order pa+ entt'ereof> allo3 'is 3ill if an+> declare 'is 'eirs. de2isee and legatees> and distribute 'is net estate a ong 'is 0no3n 'eirs. de2isees.and legatees. 3'o s'all t'ereupon be entitled to recei2e and enter into t'e possession of t'e parts of t'e estate so a3arded tot'e . respecti2el+ (Sec. 2) 4

E t'$-u&,%,$l settle e!t / $ 'ee e!t /et ee! +e,'s +e! $ll" e&

(1) -f t'e decedent left no 3ill and no debts and t'e 'eirs are all of age. or t'e inors are represented b+ t'eir judicial or legalrepresentati2es dul+ aut'ori,ed for t'e purpose. t'e parties a+. 3it'out securing letters of ad inistration. di2ide t'e estate a ongt'e sel2es as t'e+ see fit b+ eans of a public instru ent filed in t'e office of t'e register of deeds. and s'ould t'e+ disagree. t'e+

a+ do so in an ordinar+ action of partition4 -f t'ere is onl+ one 'eir. 'e a+ adjudicate to 'i self t'e entire estate b+ eans of anaffida2it filed in t'e office of t'e register of deeds4 T'e parties to an e5trajudicial settle ent. 3'et'er b+ public instru ent or b+stipulation in a pending action for partition. or t'e sole 'eir 3'o adjudicates t'e entire estate to 'i self b+ eans of an affida2it s'allfile. si ultaneousl+ 3it' and as a condition precedent to t'e filing of t'e public instru ent. or stipulation in t'e action for partition. orof t'e affida2it in t'e office of t'e register of deeds. a bond 3it' t'e said register of deeds. in an a ount e ui2alent to t'e 2alue oft'e personal propert+ in2ol2ed as certified to under oat' b+ t'e parties concerned and conditioned upon t'e pa+ ent of an+ justclai t'at a+ be filed under section 8 of t'is rule4 -t s'all be presu ed t'at t'e decedent left no debts if no creditor files a petitionfor letters of ad inistration 3it'in t3o (#) +ears after t'e deat' of t'e decedent4

T'e fact of t'e e5trajudicial settle ent or ad inistration s'all be publis'ed in a ne3spaper of general circulation in t'e annerpro2ided in t'e ne5t succeeding section> but no e5trajudicial settle ent s'all be binding upon an+ person 3'o 'as not participatedt'erein or 'ad no notice t'ereof (Sec. 1) 4

(#) E5trajudicial partition of t'e estate s'all be 2alid 3'en t'e follo3ing conditions concur:

(a) T'e decedent left no 3ill>

(b) T'e decedent left no debts. or if t'ere 3ere debts left. all 'ad been paid>

(c) T'e 'eirs are all of age or if t'e+ are inors. t'e latter are represented b+ t'eir judicial guardian or legal representati2e>

(d) T'e partition 3as ade b+ eans of a public instru ent or affida2it dul+ filed 3it' t'e !egister of eeds> and

(e) T'e fact of t'e e5trajudicial settle ent or ad inistration s'all be publis'ed in a ne3spaper of general circulation4

T "4 e$' 5'es%',5t,6e 5e',"&

(1) -t s'all be presu ed t'at t'e decedent left no debts if no creditor files a petition for letters of ad inistration 3it'in t3o (#)+ears after t'e deat' of t'e decedent (Sec. 1) 4

(#) -f it s'all appear at an+ ti e 3it'in t3o (#) +ears after t'e settle ent and distribution of an estate in accordance 3it' t'epro2isions of eit'er of t'e first t3o sections of t'is rule. t'at an 'eir or ot'er person 'as been undul+ depri2ed of 'is la3fulparticipation in t'e estate. suc' 'eir or suc' ot'er person a+ co pel t'e settle ent of t'e estate in t'e courts in t'e anner'ereinafter pro2ided for t'e purpose of satisf+ing suc' la3ful participation4 And if 3it'in t'e sa e ti e of t3o (#) +ears. it s'allappear t'at t'ere are debts outstanding against t'e estate 3'ic' 'a2e not been paid. or t'at an 'eir or ot'er person 'as beenundul+ depri2ed of 'is la3ful participation pa+able in one+. t'e court 'a2ing jurisdiction of t'e estate a+. b+ order for t'atpurpose. after 'earing. settle t'e a ount of suc' debts or la3ful participation and order 'o3 uc' and in 3'at anner eac'distributee s'all contribute in t'e pa+ ent t'ereof. and a+ issue e5ecution. if circu stances re uire. against t'e bond pro2ided in


3/24

t'e preceding section or against t'e real estate belonging to t'e deceased. or bot'4 Suc' bond and suc' real estate s'all re ainc'arged 3it' a liabilit+ to creditors. 'eirs. or ot'er persons for t'e full period of t3o (#) +ears after suc' distribution. not3it'standingan+ transfers of real estate t'at a+ 'a2e been ade (Sec. -) 4

A##,&$6,t "# Sel#4$&-u&,%$t,"! / s"le +e,'

(1) -f t'ere is onl+ one 'eir. 'e a+ adjudicate to 'i self t'e entire estate b+ eans of an affida2it filed in t'e office of t'e registerof deeds (Sec. 1) 4

Su $' settle e!t "# est$tes "# s $ll 6$lue +e! $ll" e&

(1) ;'ene2er t'e gross 2alue of t'e estate of a deceased person. 3'et'er 'e died testate or intestate. does not e5ceed tent'ousand pesos. and t'at fact is ade to appear to t'e Court of *irst -nstance 'a2ing jurisdiction of t'e estate b+ t'e petition of aninterested person and upon 'earing. 3'ic' s'all be 'eld not less t'an (1) ont' nor ore t'an t'ree (9) ont's fro t'e date of t'elast publication of a notice 3'ic' s'all be publis'ed once a 3ee0 for t'ree (9) consecuti2e 3ee0s in a ne3spaper of generalcirculation in t'e pro2ince. and after suc' o t'er notice to interested persons as t'e court a+ direct. t'e court a+ proceedsu aril+. 3it'out t'e appoint ent of an e5ecutor or ad inistrator. and 3it'out dela+. to grant. if proper. allo3ance of t'e 3ill. if an+t'ere be. to deter ine 3'o are t'e persons legall+ entitled to participate in t'e estate. and to apportion and di2ide it a ong t'eafter t'e pa+ ent of suc' debts of t'e estate as t'e court s'all t'en find to be due> and suc' persons. in t'eir o3n rig't. if t'e+ areof la3ful age and legal capacit+. or b+ t'eir guardians or trustees legall+ appointed and ualified. if ot'er3ise. s'all t'ereupon beentitled to recei2e and enter into t'e possession of t'e portions of t'e estate so a3arded to t'e respecti2el+4 T'e court s'all a0esuc' order as a+ be just respecting t'e costs of t'e proceedings. and all orders and judg ents ade or rendered in t'e courset'ereof s'all be recorded in t'e office of t'e cler0. and t'e order of partition or a3ard. if it in2ol2es real estate. s'all be recorded int'e proper register


4/24

(1) T'e 3ill s'all be disallo3ed in an+ of t'e follo3ing cases>

(a) -f not e5ecuted and attested as re uired b+ la3>

(b) -f t'e testator 3as insane. or ot'er3ise entall+ incapable to a0e a 3ill. at t'e ti e of its e5ecution>

(c) -f it 3as e5ecuted under duress. or t'e influence of fear. or t'reats>

(d) -f it 3as procured b+ undue and i proper pressure and influence. on t'e part of t'e beneficiar+. or of so e ot'er person for'is benefit>

(e) -f t'e signature of t'e testator 3as procured b+ fraud or tric0. and 'e did not intend t'at t'e instru ent s'ould be 'is 3ill at t'eti e of fi5ing 'is signature t'ereto (Sec. 9, ! le 7*) 4

(#) Grounds under Art4 9&. Ci2il Code:

(a) -f t'e for alities re uired b+ la3 'a2e not been co plied 3it'>

(b) -f t'e testator 3as insane. or ot'er3ise entall+ incapable of a0ing a 3ill. at t'e ti e of its e5ecution>

(c) -f it 3as e5ecuted t'roug' force or duress. or t'e influence of fear. or t'reats>

(d) -f it 3as procured b+ undue and i proper pressure and influence. on t'e part of t'e beneficiar+ or of so e ot'er person>

(e) -f t'e signature of t'e testator 3as procured b+ fraud>

(f) -f t'e testator acted b+ ista0e or did not intend t'at t'e instru ent 'e signed s'ould be 'is 3ill at t'e ti e of affi5ing 'issignature t'ereto4

Re5'"/$te8 Re:u,s,tes /e#"'e ,ll 5'"6e& "uts,&e $ll" e& ,! t+e P+,l,55,!es8 e##e%ts "# 5'"/$te

(1) 4ill 5rove6 o tsi6e Phili55ines a" +e allo e6 here. ;ills pro2ed and allo3ed in a foreign countr+. according to t'e la3s ofsuc' countr+. a+ be allo3ed. filed. and recorded b+ t'e proper Court of *irst -nstance in t'e P'ilippines (Sec. 1, ! le 77) 4

(#) 4hen ill allo e6, an6 effect thereof. -f it appears at t'e 'earing t'at t'e 3ill s'ould be allo3ed in t'e P'ilippines. t'e courts'all so allo3 it. and a certificate of its allo3ance. signed b+ t'e judge. and attested b+ t'e seal of t'e court. to 3'ic' s'all beattac'ed a cop+ of t'e 3ill. s'all be filed and recorded b+ t'e cler0. and t'e 3ill s'all 'a2e t'e sa e effect as if originall+ pro2ed andallo3ed in suc' court (Sec. %, ! le 77) 4

(9) ;'en a 3ill is t'us allo3ed. t'e court s'all grant letters testa entar+. or letters of ad inistration 3it' t'e 3ill anne5ed. and

suc' letters testa entar+ or of ad inistration. s'all e5tend to all t'e estate of t'e testator in t'e P'ilippines4 Suc' estate. after t'epa+ ent of just debts and e5penses of ad inistration. s'all be disposed of according to suc' 3ill. so far as suc' 3ill a+ operateupon it> and t'e residue. if an+. s'all be disposed of as is pro2ided b+ la3 in cases of estates in t'e P'ilippines belonging to persons3'o are in'abitants of anot'er state or countr+ (Sec. -, ! le 77) 4

(8) ertificate of allo ance attache6 to 5rove6 ill. To +e recor6e6 in the ffice of !e0ister of Dee6s. -f t'e court is satisfied.upon proof ta0en and filed. t'at t'e 3ill 3as dul+ e5ecuted. and t'at t'e testator at t'e ti e of its e5ecution 3as of sound anddisposing ind. and not acting under duress. enace. and undue influence. or fraud. a certificate of its allo3ance. signed b+ t'e

judge. and attested b+ t'e seal of t'e court s'all be attac'ed to t'e 3ill and t'e 3ill and certificate filed and recorded b+ t'e cler04 Attested copies of t'e 3ill de2ising real estate and of certificate of allo3ance t'ereof. s'all be recorded in t'e register of deeds of t'epro2ince in 3'ic' t'e lands lie (Sec. 1%, ! le 7*) 4

(B) T'e general rule uni2ersall+ recogni,ed is t'at ad inistration e5tends onl+ to t'e assets of t'e decedent found 3it'in t'e stateor countr+ 3'ere it 3as granted. so t'at an ad inistrator appointed in one state or countr+ 'as no po3er o2er t'e propert+ inanot'er state or countr+ ( eon $he i vs. an fact rer:s ife Ins., 8 Phil. -9&) 4 ;'en a person dies intestate o3ning propert+ int'e countr+ of 'is do icile as 3ell as in foreign countr+. ad inistration s'all be 'ad in bot' countries4 T'at 3'ic' is granted in t'e

jurisdiction of t'e decedent

(b) -s not a resident of t'e P'ilippines> and

(c) -s in t'e opinion of t'e court unfit to e5ecute t'e duties of t'e trust b+ reason of drun0enness. i pro2idence. or 3ant ofunderstanding or integrit+. or b+ reason of con2iction of an offense in2ol2ing oral turpitude (Sec. 1) 4

(#) E


5/24

(9) arrie6 o en a" serve. A arried 3o an a+ ser2e as e5ecutri5 or ad inistratri5. and t'e arriage of a single 3o an s'allnot affect 'er aut'orit+ so to ser2e under a pre2ious appoint ent (Sec. %) 4

(8) etters testa entar" iss e6 hen ill allo e6. ;'en a 3ill 'as been pro2ed and allo3ed. t'e court s'all issue letterstesta entar+ t'ereon to t'e person na ed as e5ecutor t'erein. if 'e is co petent. accepts t'e trust. and gi2es bond as re uired b+t'ese rules (Sec. -) 4

(B) 4here so e coe

(b) =ne or ore of t'e principal creditors $ if suc' sur2i2ing spouse. or ne5t of 0in. or t'e person selected. be inco petent orun3illing. or if t'e+ neglect for 9% da+s after t'e deat' of t'e decedent to appl+ for ad inistration or to re uest t'at ad inistration begranted to so e ot'er person. it a+ be granted to. if co petent and 3illing to ser2e>

(c) Suc' ot'er person as t'e court a+ select4

O55"s,t,"! t" ,ssu$!%e "# lette's test$ e!t$' 8 s, ult$!e"us #,l,! "# 5et,t,"! #"' $& ,!,st'$t,"!

(1) An+ person interested in a 3ill a+ state in 3riting t'e grounds 3'+ letters testa entar+ s'ould not issue to t'e personsna ed t'erein e5ecutors. or an+ of t'e . and t'e court. after 'earing upon notice. s'all pass upon t'e sufficienc+ of suc' grounds4

A petition a+. at t'e sa e ti e. be filed for letters of ad inistration 3it' t'e 3ill anne5ed (Sec. 1, ! le 79) 4

P" e's $!& &ut,es "# E e%ut"'s $!& A& ,!,st'$t"'s8 'est',%t,"!s "! t+e 5" e's (Rule ; )

(1) An e5ecutor is t'e person no inated b+ a testator to carr+ out t'e directions and re uests in 'is 3ill and to dispose of 'ispropert+ according to 'is testa entar+ pro2isions after 'is deat' (21 > . ; r. %*9) 4

(#) An ad inistrator is person appointed b+ t'e court. in accordance 3it' t'e go2erning statute. to ad inister and settle intestate

estate and suc' testate estate as no co petent e5ecutor 3as designated b+ t'e testator4(9) E %%&) 4

A55",!t e!t "# S5e%,$l A& ,!,st'$t"'


6/24

(1) ;'en t'ere is dela+ in granting letters testa entar+ or of ad inistration b+ an+ cause including an appeal fro t'e allo3anceor disallo3ance of a 3ill. t'e court a+ appoint a special ad inistrator to ta0e possession and c'arge of t'e estate of t'e deceaseduntil t'e uestions causing t'e dela+ are decided and e5ecutors or ad inistrators appointed (Sec. 1, ! le 8 ) 4

G'"u!&s #"' 'e "6$l "# $& ,!,st'$t"'

(1) >6 inistration revo/e6 if ill 6iscovere6. Procee6in0s there 5on. -f after letters of ad inistration 'a2e been granted on t'eestate of a decedent as if 'e 'ad died intestate. 'is 3ill is pro2ed and allo3ed b+ t'e court. t'e letters of ad inistration s'all be

re2o0ed and all po3ers t'ereunder cease. and t'e ad inistrator s'all fort'3it' surrender t'e letters to t'e court. and render 'isaccount 3it'in suc' ti e as t'e court directs4 Proceedings for t'e issuance of letters testa entar+ or of ad inistration under t'e 3ills'all be as 'ereinbefore pro2ided (Sec. 1, ! le 82) 4

(#) o rt a" re ove or acce5t resi0nation of e


7/24

(c) -f t'ere are no assets sufficient to pa+ t'e credits of an+ one class of creditors. eac' creditor 3it'in suc' class s'all be paid adi2idend in proportion to 'is clai (Sec. 8) >

(d) ;'ere t'e deceased 3as a nonresident. 'is estate in t'e P'ilippines s'all be disposed of in suc' a 3a+ t'at creditors in t'eP'ilippines and else3'ere a+ recei2e an e ual s'are in proportion to t'eir respecti2e credits (Sec. 9) >

(e) Clai s dul+ pro2ed against t'e estate of an insol2ent resident of t'e P'ilippines. t'e e5ecutor or ad inistrator. 'a2ing 'ad t'eopportunit+ to contest suc' clai s. s'all e included in t'e certified list of clai s pro2ed against t'e deceased4 T'e o3ner of suc'

clai s s'all be entitled to a just distribution of t'e estate in accordance 3it' t'e preceding rules if t'e propert+ of suc' deceasedperson in anot'er countr+ is li0e3ise e uall+ apportioned to t'e creditors residing in t'e P'ilippines and ot'er creditors. according tot'eir respecti2e clai s (Sec. 1 ) >

(f) -t ust be noted t'at t'e pa+ ents of debts of t'e decedent s'all be ade pursuant to t'e order of t'e probate court (Sec.11) 4

(9) Ti e for 5a"in0 6e+ts an6 le0acies fi

(#) Clai s arising fro isappropriation. breac' of trust. or alfeasance b+ public officials co itted in t'e perfor ance of t'eirduties. on t'e o2ables. one+ or securities obtained b+ t'e >

(9) Clai s for t'e unpaid price of o2ables sold. on said o2ables. so long as t'e+ are in t'e possession of t'e debtor. up to t'e2alue of t'e sa e> and if t'e o2able 'as been resold b+ t'e debtor and t'e price is still unpaid. t'e lien a+ be enforced on t'eprice> t'is rig't is not lost b+ t'e i obili,ation of t'e t'ing b+ destination. pro2ided it 'as not lost its for . substance and identit+>neit'er is t'e rig't lost b+ t'e sale of t'e t'ing toget'er 3it' ot'er propert+ for a lu p su . 3'en t'e price t'ereof can bedeter ined proportionall+>

(8) Credits guaranteed 3it' a pledge so long as t'e t'ings pledged are in t'e 'ands of t'e creditor. or t'ose guaranteed b+ a c'attelortgage. upon t'e t'ings pledged or ortgaged. up to t'e 2alue t'ereof>

(B) Credits for t'e a0ing. repair. safe0eeping or preser2ation of personal propert+. on t'e o2able t'us ade. repaired. 0ept orpossessed>

(7) Clai s for laborers< 3ages. on t'e goods anufactured or t'e 3or0 done>

(") *or e5penses of sal2age. upon t'e goods sal2aged>

( ) Credits bet3een t'e landlord and t'e tenant. arising fro t'e contract of tenanc+ on s'ares. on t'e s'are of eac' in t'e fruits or'ar2est>

(&) Credits for transportation. upon t'e goods carried. for t'e price of t'e contract and incidental e5penses. until t'eir deli2er+ and fort'irt+ da+s t'ereafter>

(1%) Credits for lodging and supplies usuall+ furnis'ed to tra2ellers b+ 'otel 0eepers. on t'e o2ables belonging to t'e guest as longas suc' o2ables are in t'e 'otel. but not for one+ loaned to t'e guests>

(11) Credits for seeds and e5penses for culti2ation and 'ar2est ad2anced to t'e debtor. upon t'e fruits 'ar2ested>

(1#) Credits for rent for one +ear. upon t'e personal propert+ of t'e lessee e5isting on t'e i o2able leased and on t'e fruits of t'esa e. but not on one+ or instru ents of credit>

(19) Clai s in fa2or of t'e depositor if t'e depositar+ 'as 3rongfull+ sold t'e t'ing deposited. upon t'e price of t'e sale4

-n t'e foregoing cases. if t'e o2ables to 3'ic' t'e lien or preference attac'es 'a2e been 3rongfull+ ta0en. t'e creditor a+de and t'e fro an+ possessor. 3it'in t'irt+ da+s fro t'e unla3ful sei,ure4

Art4 ##8#4 ;it' reference to specific i o2able propert+ and real rig'ts of t'e debtor. t'e follo3ing clai s. ortgages and lienss'all be preferred. and s'all constitute an encu brance on t'e i o2able or real rig't:

(1) Ta5es due upon t'e land or building>

(#) *or t'e unpaid price of real propert+ sold. upon t'e i o2able sold>

(9) Clai s of laborers. asons. ec'anics and ot'er 3or0 en. as 3ell as of arc'itects. engineers and contractors. engaged in t'econstruction. reconstruction or repair of buildings. canals or ot'er 3or0s. upon said buildings. canals or ot'er 3or0s>

(8) Clai s of furnis'ers of aterials used in t'e construction. reconstruction. or repair of buildings. canals or ot'er 3or0s. upon saidbuildings. canals or ot'er 3or0s>

(B) Mortgage credits recorded in t'e !egistr+ of Propert+. upon t'e real estate ortgaged>

(7) E5penses for t'e preser2ation or i pro2e ent of real propert+ 3'en t'e la3 aut'ori,es rei burse ent. upon t'e i o2ablepreser2ed or i pro2ed>


8/24

(") Credits annotated in t'e !egistr+ of Propert+. in 2irtue of a judicial order. b+ attac' ents or e5ecutions. upon t'e propert+affected. and onl+ as to later credits>

( ) Clai s of co?'eirs for 3arrant+ in t'e partition of an i o2able a ong t'e . upon t'e real propert+ t'us di2ided>

(&) Clai s of donors or real propert+ for pecuniar+ c'arges or ot'er conditions i posed upon t'e donee. upon t'e i o2abledonated>

(1%) Credits of insurers. upon t'e propert+ insured. for t'e insurance pre iu for t3o +ears4

Art4 ##894 T'e clai s or credits enu erated in t'e t3o preceding articles s'all be considered as ortgages or pledges of real orpersonal propert+. or liens 3it'in t'e pur2ie3 of legal pro2isions go2erning insol2enc+4 Ta5es entioned in o4 1. article ##81. and

o4 1. article ##8#. s'all first be satisfied4

Art4 ##884 ;it' reference to ot'er propert+. real and personal. of t'e debtor. t'e follo3ing clai s or credits s'all be preferred in t'eorder na ed:

(1) Proper funeral e5penses for t'e debtor. or c'ildren under 'is or 'er parental aut'orit+ 3'o 'a2e no propert+ of t'eir o3n. 3'enappro2ed b+ t'e court>

(#) Credits for ser2ices rendered t'e insol2ent b+ e plo+ees. laborers. or 'ouse'old 'elpers for one +ear preceding t'eco ence ent of t'e proceedings in insol2enc+>

(9) E5penses during t'e last illness of t'e debtor or of 'is or 'er spouse and c'ildren under 'is or 'er parental aut'orit+. if t'e+ 'a2e

no propert+ of t'eir o3n>

(8) Co pensation due t'e laborers or t'eir dependents under la3s pro2iding for inde nit+ for da ages in cases of labor accident.or illness resulting fro t'e nature of t'e e plo+ ent>

(B) Credits and ad2ance ents ade to t'e debtor for support of 'i self or 'erself. and fa il+. during t'e last +ear preceding t'einsol2enc+>

(7) Support during t'e insol2enc+ proceedings. and for t'ree ont's t'ereafter>

(") *ines and ci2il inde nification arising fro a cri inal offense>

( ) egal e5penses. and e5penses incurred in t'e ad inistration of t'e insol2ent

(11) Ta5es and assess ents due an+ cit+ or unicipalit+. ot'er t'an t'ose indicated in articles ##81. o4 1. and ##8#. o4 1>

(1#) a ages for deat' or personal injuries caused b+ a uasi?delict>

(19) Gifts due to public and pri2ate institutions of c'arit+ or beneficence>

(18) Credits 3'ic'. 3it'out special pri2ilege. appear in (a) a public instru ent> or (b) in a final judg ent. if t'e+ 'a2e been t'esubject of litigation4 T'ese credits s'all 'a2e preference a ong t'e sel2es in t'e order of priorit+ of t'e dates of t'e instru entsand of t'e judg ents. respecti2el+4

Art4 ##8B4 Credits of an+ ot'er 0ind or class. or b+ an+ ot'er rig't or title not co prised in t'e four preceding articles. s'all enjo+ nopreference4

CHAPTE! 9

=! E! =* P!E*E!E CE =* C!E -TS

Art4 ##874 T'ose credits 3'ic' enjo+ preference 3it' respect to specific o2ables. e5clude all ot'ers to t'e e5tent of t'e 2alue of t'epersonal propert+ to 3'ic' t'e preference refers4

Art4 ##8"4 -f t'ere are t3o or ore credits 3it' respect to t'e sa e specific o2able propert+. t'e+ s'all be satisfied pro rata. aftert'e pa+ ent of duties. ta5es and fees due t'e State or an+ subdi2ision t'ereof4

Art4 ##8 4 T'ose credits 3'ic' enjo+ preference in relation to specific real propert+ or real rig'ts. e5clude all ot'ers to t'e e5tent oft'e 2alue of t'e i o2able or real rig't to 3'ic' t'e preference refers4

Art4 ##8&4 -f t'ere are t3o or ore credits 3it' respect to t'e sa e specific real propert+ or real rig'ts. t'e+ s'all be satisfied prorata. after t'e pa+ ent of t'e ta5es and assess ents upon t'e i o2able propert+ or real rig't4

Art4 ##B%4 T'e e5cess. if an+. after t'e pa+ ent of t'e credits 3'ic' enjo+ preference 3it' respect to specific propert+. real orpersonal. s'all be added to t'e free propert+ 3'ic' t'e debtor a+ 'a2e. for t'e pa+ ent of t'e ot'er credits4

Art4 ##B14 T'ose credits 3'ic' do not enjo+ an+ preference 3it' respect to specific propert+. and t'ose 3'ic' enjo+ preference. asto t'e a ount not paid. s'all be satisfied according to t'e follo3ing rules:

(1) -n t'e order establis'ed in article ##88>

(#) Co on credits referred to in article ##8B s'all be paid pro rata regardless of dates4

A%t,"!s / $!& $ $,!st E e%ut"'s $!& A& ,!,st'$t"'s (Rule ;7)


9/24

(1) o action upon a clai for t'e reco2er+ of one+ or debts or interest t'ereon s'all be co enced against t'e e5ecutor orad inistrator (Sec. 1) 4

A%t,"!s t+$t $ /e / '"u +t $ $,!st e e%ut"'s $!& $& ,!,st'$t"'s

(1) An action to reco2er real or personal propert+. or an interest t'erein. fro t'e estate. or to enforce a lien t'ereon. and actionsto reco2er da ages for an injur+ to person or propert+. real or personal. a+ be co enced against t'e e5ecutor orad inistrator (Sec. 1) 4

(#) ;'ene2er a part+ to a pending action dies. and t'e clai is not t'ereb+ e5tinguis'ed. it s'all be t'e dut+ of 'is counsel toinfor t'e court 3it'in t'irt+ (9%) da+s after suc' deat' of t'e fact t'ereof. and to gi2e t'e na e and address of 'is legalrepresentati2e or representati2es4 *ailure of counsel to co pl+ 3it' t'is dut+ s'all be a ground for disciplinar+ action4 T'e 'eirs oft'e deceased a+ be allo3ed to be substituted for t'e deceased. 3it'out re uiring t'e appoint ent of an e5ecutor or ad inistratorand t'e court a+ appoint a guardian ad lite for t'e inor 'eirs4

T'e court s'all fort'3it' order said legal representati2e or representati2es to appear and be substituted 3it'in a period of t'irt+(9%) da+s fro notice4 -f no legal representati2e is na ed b+ t'e counsel for t'e deceased part+. or if t'e one so na ed s'all fail toappear 3it'in t'e specified period. t'e court a+ order t'e opposing part+. 3it'in a specified ti e. to procure t'e appoint ent of ane5ecutor or ad inistrator for t'e estate of t'e deceased and t'e latter s'all i ediatel+ appear for and on be'alf of t'e deceased4T'e court c'arges in procuring suc' appoint ent. if defra+ed b+ t'e opposing part+. a+ be reco2ered as costs (Sec. 1*, ! le %) 4

(9) ;'en t'e action is for reco2er+ of one+ arising fro contract. e5press or i plied. and t'e defendant dies before entr+ of final judg ent in t'e court in 3'ic' t'e action 3as pending at t'e ti e of suc' deat'. it s'all not be dis issed but s'all instead beallo3ed to continue until entr+ of final judg ent4 A fa2orable judg ent obtained b+ t'e plaintiff t'erein s'all be enforced in t'e

anner especiall+ pro2ided in t'ese !ules for prosecuting clai s against t'e estate of a deceased person (Sec. 2 , ! le %) 4Re:u,s,tes /e#"'e %'e&,t"' $ /',! $! $%t,"! #"' 'e%"6e' "# 5'"5e't #'$u&ule!tl %"!6e e& / t+e

&e%e$se&

(1) *or t'e creditor to file and action to reco2er propert+ fraudulentl+ con2e+ed b+ t'e deceased. t'e follo3ing re uisites ust bepresent:

(a) T'ere is a deficienc+ of assets in t'e 'ands of an e5ecutor or ad inistrator for t'e pa+ ent of debts and e5penses ofad inistration>

(b) T'e deceased in 'is lifeti e 'ad ade or atte pted to a0e a fraudulent con2e+ance of 'is real or personal propert+. or arig't or interest t'erein. or a debt or credit. 3it' intent to defraud 'is creditors or to a2oid an+ rig't. debt or dut+> or 'ad so con2e+edsuc' propert+. rig't. debt. or credit t'at b+ la3 t'e con2e+ance 3ould be 2oid as against 'is creditors>

(c) T'e subject of t'e atte pted con2e+ance 3ould be liable to attac' ent b+ an+ of t'e in 'is lifeti e>

(d) T'e e5ecutor or ad inistrator 'as s'o3n to 'a2e no desire to file t'e action or failed to institute t'e sa e 3it'in a reasonableti e>

(e) ea2e is granted b+ t'e court to t'e creditor to file t'e action>

(f) A bond is filed b+ t'e creditor as prescribed in t'e !ules>

(g) T'e action b+ t'e creditor is in t'e na e of t'e e5ecutor or ad inistrator (Sec. 1 ) 4

D,st',/ut,"! $!& P$'t,t,"! (Rule 90)

(1) @efore t'ere could be a distribution of t'e estate. t'e follo3ing t3o stages ust be follo3ed:

(a) Pa+ ent of obligations (li uidation of estate) $ under t'e !ules. t'e distribution of a decedent (#) 3'en a sufficient bond isgi2en to eet t'e pa+ ent of t'e in'eritance ta5 and all ot'er obligations> and (9) 3'en t'e pa+ ent of t'e said ta5 and all ot'erobligations 'as been pro2ided for> and

(b) eclaration of 'eirs $ t'ere ust first be declaration of 'eirs to deter ine to 3'o t'e residue of t'e estate s'ould edistributed4 A separate action for t'e declaration of 'eirs is not proper4 And li0e3ise after. not before t'e declaration of 'eirs is ade

a+ t'e residue be distributed and deli2ered to t'e 'eirs4

(#) T'e settle ent of a decedent


10/24

Sec4 #4 @ estions as to a6vance ent to +e 6eter ine6. Duestions as to ad2ance ent ade. or alleged to 'a2e been ade. b+ t'edeceased to an+ 'eir a+ be 'eard and deter ined b+ t'e court 'a2ing jurisdiction of t'e estate proceedings> and t'e final order oft'e court t'ereon s'all be binding on t'e person raising t'e uestions and on t'e 'eir4

Sec4 94 B" ho e if intestate. t'e project of partition ust be in accordance 3it' t'e pro2isions of t'e Ci2il Code ( a ia 6e !e"es vs. !e"es6e Ilano, *% Phil. *29) 4

Re e& "# $! +e,' e!t,tle& t" 'es,&ue /ut !"t ,6e! +,s s+$'e

(1) -f t'ere is a contro2ers+ before t'e court as to 3'o are t'e la3ful 'eirs of t'e deceased person or as to t'e distributi2e s'aresto 3'ic' eac' person is entitled under t'e la3. t'e contro2ers+ s'all be 'eard and decided as in ordinar+ cases (Sec. 1) 4

(#) T'e better practice for t'e 'eir 3'o 'as not recei2ed 'is s'are is to de and 'is s'are t'roug' a proper otion in t'e sa eprobate or ad inistration proceedings. or for reopening of t'e probate or ad inistrati2e proceedings if it 'ad alread+ been closed.and not t'roug' an independent action. 3'ic' 3ould be tried b+ anot'er court or judge (!a os vs. ct ar, 89 Phil. 7% ) 4

(9) -t 'as been 'eld t'at an order 3'ic' deter ines t'e distributi2e s'are of t'e 'eirs of a deceased person is appealable4 -f notappealed 3it'in t'e regle entar+ period. it beco es final (I 5erial vs. Ao , &8 S !>) 4

(8) T'e Court allo3ed t'e continuation of a separate action to annul t'e project of partition b+ a preterited 'eir. since t'e estateproceedings 'a2e been closed and ter inated for o2er t'ree +ears ($ ilas vs. ; 60e of the I of Pa 5an0a, -% S !> 117) . andon t'e ground of lesion. preterition and fraud (Solivio vs. >, 99 Phil. 1 *9) 4

I!st$!%es +e! 5'"/$te %"u't $ ,ssue ',t "# e e%ut,"!

(1) T'e onl+ instances 3'en t'e probate court a+ issue a 3rit of e5ecution are as follo3s:

(a) To satisf+ t'e contributi2e s'ares of de2isees. legatees and 'eirs in possession of t'e decedent

(b) To enforce pa+ ent of e5penses of partition (Sec. %, ! le 9 ) > and

(c) To satisf+ t'e costs 3'en a person is cited for e5a ination in probate proceedings (Sec. 1%, ! le 1%2) 4

1. II. GENERAL G


11/24

(1) A trustee a+ be re o2ed upon petition to t'e proper !TC of t'e parties beneficiall+ interested. after due notice to t'e trusteeand 'earing. if it appears essential in t'e interests of t'e petitioners4 T'e court a+ also. after due notice to all persons interested.re o2e a trustee 3'o is insane or ot'er3ise incapable of disc'arging 'is trust or e2identl+ unsuitable t'erefor4 A trustee. 3'et'erappointed b+ t'e court or under a 3ritten instru ent. a+ resign 'is trust if it appears to t'e court proper to allo3 suc'resignation (Sec. 8) 4

(#) A trustee 3'ose acts or o issions are suc' as to s'o3 a 3ant of reasonable fidelit+ 3ill be re o2ed b+ t'e court and 3'eretrust funds are to be in2ested b+ t'e trustee. neglect to in2est constitutes of itself a breac' of trust. and is a ground for

re o2al ($is+orn vs. >ven6e, 11- CS -*-) 4

G'"u!&s #"' 'e "6$l $!& 'es, !$t,"! "# $ t'ustee

(1) T'e proper !egional Trial Court a+. upon petition of t'e parties beneficiall+ interested and after due notice to t'e trustee and'earing. re o2e a trustee if suc' re o2al appears essential in t'e interests of t'e petitioners4 T'e court a+ also. after due noticeto all persons interested. re o2e a trustee 3'o i s insane or ot'er3ise incapable of disc'arging 'is trust or e2identl+ unsuitablet'erefor4 A trustee. 3'et'er appointed b+ t'e court or under a 3ritten instru ent. a+ resign 'is trust if i t appears to t'e court properto allo3 suc' resignation (Sec. 8) 4

(#) A trustee 3'ose acts or o issions are suc' as to s'o3 a 3ant of reasonable fidelit+ 3ill be re o2ed b+ t'e court and 3'eretrust funds are to be in2ested b+ t'e trustee. neglect to in2est constitutes of itself a breac' of trust. and is a ground forre o2al ($is+orn vs. >ven6e, 11- CS -*-) 4

E te!t "# $ut+"',t "# t'ustee

(1) A trustee appointed b+ t'e !TC s'all 'a2e t'e sa e rig'ts. po3ers. and duties as if 'e 'ad been appointed b+ t'e testator4o person succeeding to a trust as e5ecutor or ad inistrator of a for er trustee s'all be re uired to accept suc' trust (Sec. 2) 4

(#) Suc' ne3 trustee s'all 'a2e and e5ercise t'e sa e po3ers. rig'ts. and duties as if 'e 'ad been originall+ appointed. and t'etrust estate s'all 2est in 'i in li0e anner as it 'ad 2ested or 3ould 'a2e 2ested. in t'e trustee in 3'ose place 'e is substituted>and t'e court a+ order suc' con2e+ance to be ade b+ t'e for er trustee or 'is representati2es. or b+ t'e ot'er re ainingtrustees. as a+ be necessar+ or proper to 2est t'e trust estate in t'e ne3 trustee. eit'er alone or jointl+ 3it' t'e ot'ers (Sec. %) 4

Es%+e$t (Rule 91)

(1) Esc'eat is a proceeding 3'ereb+ t'e real and personal propert+ of a deceased person in t'e P'ilippines. beco e t'e propert+of t'e state upon 'is deat'. 3it'out lea2ing an+ 3ill or legal 'eirs (21 ;S, Sec. 1, 5. 8-8) 4

*+e! t" #,le

(1) ;'en a person dies intestate. sei,ed of real or personal propert+ in t'e P'ilippines. lea2ing no 'eir or person b+ la3 entitled tot'e sa e. t'e Solicitor General or 'is representati2e in be'alf of t'e !epublic of t'e P'ilippines. a+ file a petition in t'e Court of*irst -nstance of t'e pro2ince 3'ere t'e deceased last resided or in 3'ic' 'e 'ad estate. if 'e resided out of t'e P'ilippines. settingfort' t'e facts. and pra+ing t'at t'e estate of t'e deceased be declared esc'eated (Sec. 1) 4

Re:u,s,tes #"' #,l,! "# 5et,t,"!

(1) -n order t'at a proceeding for esc'eat a+ prosper. t'e follo3ing re uisites ust be present:

(a) T'at a person died intestate>

(b) T'at 'e left no 'eirs or person b+ la3 entitled to t'e sa e> and

(c) T'at t'e deceased left properties ( it" of anila vs. >rch+isho5 of anila, %* Phil. 81&) 4

Re e& "# 'es5"!&e!t $ $,!st 5et,t,"!8 5e',"& #"' #,l,! $ %l$,

(1) ;'en a petition for esc'eat does not state facts 3'ic' entitle t'e petitioner to t'e re ed+ pra+ed for. and e2en ad itting t'e'+pot'eticall+. it is clear t'at t'ere is no ground for t'e court to proceed to t'e in uisition pro2ided b+ la3. an interested part+ s'ouldnot be disallo3ed fro filing a otion to dis iss t'e petition 3'ic' is untenable fro all standpoints4 And 3'en t'e otion to dis issis entertained upon t'is ground. t'e petition a+ be dis issed unconditionall+ and t'e petitioner is not entitled to be afforded anopportunit+ to a end 'is petition ($o Poco $rocer" vs. Pacific Bisc it o., *& Phil. --%) 4

(#) ;'ile t'e !ules do not in fact aut'ori,e t'e filing of a otion to dis iss t'e petition presented for t'at purpose. and t'e !ulesper itting t'e interposition of a otion to dis iss to t'e co plaint and ans3er. respecti2el+. are not applicable to specialproceedings. ne2ert'eless. t'ere is no reason of a procedural nature 3'ic' pre2ents t'e filing of a otion to dis iss based uponan+ of t'e grounds pro2ided for b+ la3 for a otion to dis iss t'e co plaint4 -n suc' a case. t'e otion to dis iss pla+s t'e role ofa de urrer and t'e court s'ould resol2e t'e legal uestions raised t'erein ( nici5al o ncil of San Pe6ro, a 0na vs. ole0io 6eSan ;ose, *& Phil. %18) 4

Gu$'&,$!s+,5 (Rules 92 97)

(1) Guardians'ip is t'e po3er of protecti2e aut'orit+ gi2en b+ la3 and i posed on an indi2idual 3'o is free and in t'e enjo+ entof 'is rig'ts. o2er one 3'ose 3ea0ness on account of 'is age or ot'er infir it+ renders 'i unable to protect 'i self ( "clo5e6ic

a Dictionar", 9 8) 4 Guardians'ip a+ also describe t'e relation subsisting bet3een t'e guardian and t'e 3ard4 -t in2ol2es t'eta0ing of possession of an anage ent of. t'e estate of anot'er unable to act for 'i self4

(#) A guardian is a person la3full+ in2ested 3it' po3er and c'arged 3it' t'e dut+ of ta0ing care of a person 3'o for so epeculiarit+ or status or defect of age. understanding or self?control is considered incapable of ad inistering 'is o3n affairs (Blac/:s

a Dictionar", ifth E6itoin) 4


12/24

(9) inds of guardians:

(a) According to scope or e5ent

a) Guardian of t'e person $ one 3'o 'as been la3full+ in2ested 3it' t'e care of t'e person of inor 3'ose fat'er is dead4 Hisaut'orit+ is deri2ed out of t'at of t'e parent>

b) Guardian of t'e propert+ $ t'at appointed b+ t'e court to 'a2e t'e anage ent of t'e estate of a inor or inco petent

person>

c) General guardians $ t'ose appointed b+ t'e court to 'a2e t'e care and custod+ of t'e person and of all t'e propert+ of t'e3ard4

(b) According to constitution

1) egal $ t'ose dee ed as guardians 3it'out need of a court appoint ent (>rt. 22&, a il" o rt) >

#) Guardian a6 lite $ t'ose appointed b+ courts of justice to prosecute or defend a inor. insane or person declared to beinco petent. in an action in court> and

9) udicial $ t'ose 3'o are appointed b+ t'e court in pursuance to la3. as guardian for insane persons. prodigals. inor 'eirs ordeceased 3as 2eterans and ot'er inco petent persons4

(8) 6nder t'e *a il+ Courts Act of 1&&" (!A 97&). t'e *a il+ Courts are 2ested 3it' e5clusi2e original jurisdiction o2er t'e

follo3ing cases:

(a) Cri inal case 3'ere one or ore of t'e accused is belo3 1 +ears of age but less t'an & +ears of age. or 3'ere one or oreof t'e 2icti s is a inor at t'e ti e of t'e co ission of t'e offense>

(b) Petitions for guardians'ip. custod+ of c'ildren. ha+eas cor5 s in relation to t'e latter>

(c) Petitions for adoption of c'ildren and t'e re2ocation t'ereof>

(d) Co plaints for annul ent of arriage. declaration of nullit+ of arriage and t'ose relating to arital status and propert+relations of 'usband and 3ife or t'ose li2ing toget'er under different status and agree ents. and petitions for dissolution of conjugalpartners'ip of gains>

(e) Actions for support and ac0no3ledg ent>

(f) Su ar+ judicial proceedings broug't under t'e pro2isions of E= #%&. t'e *a il+ Code>

(g) Petitions for declaration of status of c'ildren as abandoned. dependent or neglected c'ildren. petitions for 2oluntar+ orin2oluntar+ co it ent of c'ildren> t'e suspension. ter ination. or restoration of parental aut'orit+ and ot'er cases cogni,ableunder P 7%9. E= B7 (s4 1& 7). and ot'er related la3s>

(') Petitions for t'e constitution of fa il+ 'o e>

(i) Cases against inors cogni,able under t'e angerous rugs Act. as a ended>

(j) /iolations of !A "71%. t'e Anti?C'ild Abuse a3. as a ended b+ !A "7B >

(0) Cases of do estic 2iolence against 3o en and c'ildren>

Ge!e'$l 5" e's $!& &ut,es "# u$'&,$!s (Rule 9 )

(1) T'e po3ers and duties of a guardian are:

(a) To 'a2e care and custod+ o2er t'e person of 'is 3ard. andFor t'e anage ent of 'is estate (Sec. 1) >

(b) To pa+ t'e just debts of 'is 3ard out of t'e latter

(c) To bring or defend suits in be'alf of t'e 3ard. and. 3it' t'e appro2al of t'e court. co pound for debts due t'e 3ard and gi2edisc'arges to t'e debtor (Sec. %) >

(d) To anage t'e estate frugall+ and 3it'out 3aste. and appl+ t'e inco e and profits to t'e co fortable and suitableaintenance of t'e 3ard and 'is fa il+ (Sec. -) >

(e) To sell or encu ber t'e real estate of t'e 3ard upon being aut'ori,ed to do so (Sec. -) >

(f) To join in an assent to a partition of real or personal estate 'eld b+ t'e 3ard jointl+ or in co on 3it' ot'ers (Sec. &) 4

C"!&,t,"!s "# t+e /"!& "# t+e u$'&,$!

(1) 6nder Sec4 1. !ule &8. t'e conditions for t'e bond of a guardian are:

(a) To file 3it' t'e court co plete in2entor+ of t'e estate of t'e 3ard 3it'in 9 ont's>

(b) To fait'full+ e5ecute t'e duties of 'is trust to anage and dispose of t'e estate according to t'e !ules for t'e best interests oft'e 3ard. and to pro2ide for t'e proper use. custod+. and education of t'e 3ard>

(c) To render a true account of all t'e estate. and of t'e anage ent and disposition of t'e sa e>

(d) To settle 'is accounts 3it' t'e court and deli2er o2er all t'e estate re aining in 'is 'ands to t'e person entitled t'ereto>


13/24

(e) To perfor all orders of t'e court b+ 'i to be perfor ed (Sec. 1 Sec. 1-, > %3 23 &3S ) 4

Rule "! Gu$'&,$!s+,5 "6e' M,!"'s (AM 0340240 4SC)

(1) T'e fat'er and ot'er s'all jointl+ e5ercise legal guardians'ip o2er t'e person and propert+ of t'eir une ancipated co onc'ild 3it'out t'e necessit+ of a court appoint ent4 T'e !ule s'all be suppletor+ to t'e pro2isions of t'e *a il+ Code onguardians'ip (Sec. 1) 4

(#) =n grounds aut'ori,ed b+ la3. an+ relati2e or ot'er person on be'alf of a inor. or t'e inor 'i self if 18 +ears of age oro2er. a+ petition t'e *a il+ Court for t'e appoint ent of a general guardian o2er t'e person or propert+. or bot'. of suc' inor4T'e petition a+ also be filed b+ t'e Secretar+ of S; and of t'e =H in t'e case of an insane inor 3'o needs to be'ospitali,ed (Sec. 1) 4

(9) Grounds of petition (Sec. -) :

(a) eat'. continued absence. or incapacit+ of 'is parents>

(b) Suspension. depri2ation or ter ination of parental aut'orit+>

(c) !e arriage of 'is sur2i2ing parent. if t'e latter is found unsuitable to e5ercise parental aut'orit+> or

(d) ;'en t'e best interest of t'e inor so re uire4

(8) Dualifications of guardians (Sec. -) >

(a) Moral c'aracter>

(b) P'+sical. ental and ps+c'ological condition>

(c) *inancial status>

(d) !elations'ip of trust 3it' t'e inor>

(e) A2ailabilit+ to e5ercise t'e po3ers and duties of a guardian for t'e full period of t'e guardians'ip>

(f) ac0 of conflict of interest 3it' t'e inor> and

(g) Abilit+ to anage t'e propert+ of t'e inor4

(B) =rder of preference in t'e appoint ent of guardian or t'e person andFor propert+ of inor (Sec. *) :

(a) T'e sur2i2ing grandparent and in case se2eral grandparents sur2i2e. t'e court s'all select an+ of t'e ta0ing into account allrele2ant considerations>

(b) T'e oldest brot'er or sister of t'e inor o2er #1 +ears of age. unless unfit or dis ualified>

(c) T'e actual custodian of t'e inor o2er #1 +ears of age. unless unfit or dis ualified> and

(d) An+ ot'er person. 3'o in t'e sound discretion of t'e court. 3ould ser2e t'e best interests of t'e inor4

(7) *actors to consider in deter ining custod+:

(a) An+ e5trajudicial agree ent 3'ic' t'e parties a+ 'a2e bound t'e sel2es to co pl+ 3it' respecting t'e rig'ts of t'e inor toaintain direct contact 3it' t'e non?custodial parent on a regular basis. e5cept 3'en t'ere is an e5isting t'reat or danger of

p'+sical. ental. se5ual or e otional 2iolence 3'ic' endangers t'e safet+ and best interests of t'e inor>

(b) T'e desire and abilit+ of one parent to foster an open and lo2ing relations'ip bet3een t'e inor and t'e ot'er parent>

(c) T'e 'ealt'. safet+ and 3elfare of t'e inor>

(d) An+ 'istor+ of c'ild or spousal abuse b+ t'e person see0ing custod+ or 3'o 'as 'ad an+ filial relations'ip 3it' t'e inor.including an+one courting t'e parent>

(e) T'e nature and fre uenc+ of contact 3it' bot' parents>

(f) Habitual use of alco'ol. dangerous drugs or regulated substances>

(g) Marital isconduct>

(') T'e ost suitable p'+sical. e otional. spiritual. ps+c'ological and educational en2iron ent for t'e 'olistic de2elop ent andgro3t' of t'e inor> and

(i) T'e preference of t'e inor o2er " +ears of age and of sufficient discern ent. unless t'e parent c'osen is unfit (Sec. 1-, >'o. %3 -3 -3S ) 4

(") T'e court s'all order a social 3or0er to conduct a case stud+ of t'e inor and all t'e prospecti2e guardians and sub it 'isreport and reco endation to t'e court for its guidance before t'e sc'eduled 'earing4

A&"5t,"! (Rules 994100 su5e'se&e& / AM 024 4024SC)

(1) Adoption is a juridical act 3'ic' creates bet3een t3o persons a relations'ip si ilar to t'at 3'ic' results fro legiti atepaternit+ (Prasnic/ vs. !e5 +lic, 98 Phil. **9) 4


14/24

(#) Adoption is a juridical act. a proceeding in re . 3'ic' creates bet3een t'e t3o persons a relations'ip si ilar to t'at 3'ic'results fro legiti ate paternit+ and filiation4

(9) Adoption is not an ad2ersarial proceeding4 An ad2ersarial proceeding is one 'a2ing opposing parties. contested. asdistinguis'ed fro an e< 5arte application. one of 3'ic' t'e part+ see0ing relief 'as gi2en legal 3arning to t'e ot'er part+ andafforded t'e latter an opportunit+ to contest it e5cludes an adoption proceeding4 -n adoption. t'ere is no particular defendant tospea0 of since t'e proceeding in2ol2es t'e status of a person it being an action in re 4

D,st,! u,s+ &" est,% $&"5t,"! #'" ,!te'4%"u!t' $&"5t,"!

D" est,% A&"5t,"! I!te'4C"u!t' A&"5t,"!

Go2erned b+ !A BB#. t'e o estic Adoption Act of 1&& >procedure go2erned b+ AM o4 %#?%7?%#?SC. Aug4 ##. #%%#4

Go2erned b+ !A %89. t'e -nter?Countr+ Adoption Act of 1&&B>procedure go2erned b+ t'e A ended - ple enting !ules and!egulations on -CAA4

Applies to do estic adoption of *ilipino c'ildren. 3'ere t'e entireadoption process beginning fro t'e filing of t'e petition up to t'eissuance of t'e adoption decree ta0es place in t'e P'ilippines4

Applies to adoption of a *ilipino c'ild in a foreign countr+. 3'eret'e petition for adoption is filed. t'e super2ised trial custod+ isunderta0en and t'e decree of adoption is issued outside of t'eP'ilippines4

;'o a+ be adopted ;'o a+ be adopted

A c'ild legall+ a2ailable for adoption4!e uisites:

a) @elo3 1 +ears of age> and

b) udiciall+ declared a2ailable for adoption4

E5ceptions:

a) egiti ate sonFdaug'ter of one spouse b+ t'e ot'erspouse>

b) -llegiti ate sonFdaug'ter b+ a ualified adopter>

c) Person of legal age if. prior to t'e adoption said person 'asbeen consistentl+ considered and treated b+ t'e adopterFs as'isF'er o3n c'ild since inorit+4

=nl+ a legall+ free c'ild a+ be adopted4!e uisites:

a) @elo3 1B +ears of age> and

b) Has been 2oluntaril+ or in2oluntaril+ co itted to t'e S;in accordance 3it' P 7%94

;'o a+ adopt ;'o a+ adopt

14 *ilipino Citi ,ens

1) =f legal age>

#) -n possession of full ci2il capacit+ and legal rig'ts>

9) =f good oral c'aracter>

8) Has not been con2icted of an+ cri e in2ol2ing oralturpitude>

B) E otionall+ and ps+c'ologicall+ capable of caring forc'ildren>

7) -n a position to support and care for 'isF'er c'ildren in0eeping 3it' t'e eans of t'e fa il+>

") At least 17 +ears older t'an t'e adoptee but t'is latterre uire ent a+ be 3ai2ed if (a) t'e adopter is t'e biologicalparent of t'e adoptee> or (b) t'e adopter is t'e spouse of t'eadoptee and

) Per anent resident of t'e P'ilippines4

14 Aliens

1) Sa e ualifications as abo2e. and in addition:

#) HisF'er countr+ 'as diplo atic relations 3it' t'e !epublic oft'e P'ilippines>

9) HisF'er go2ern ent allo3s t'e adoptee to enter 'isF'ercountr+ as 'isF'er adopted sonFdaug'ter>

8) Has been li2ing in t'e P'ilippines for at least 9 continuous+ears prior to t'e filing of t'e application for adoption and

aintains suc' residence until t'e adoption decree is entered>and

14 *ilipino Citi ,ens

1) Per anent resident of a foreign countr+>

#) Has t'e capacit+ to act and assu e all rig'ts andresponsibilities of parental aut'orit+ under P'ilippine la3s>

9) Has undergone t'e appropriate counseling fro anaccredited counselor in countr+ of do icile>

8) Has not been con2icted of a cri e in2ol2ing oral turpitude>

B) Eligible to adopt under P'ilippine la3s>

7) -n a position to pro2ide t'e proper care and support and togi2e t'e necessar+ oral 2alues and e5a ple to all 'is c'ildren.including t'e c'ild to be adopted>

") Agrees to up'old t'e basic rig'ts of t'e c'ild as e bodiedunder P'ilippine la3s. t'e 6 Con2ention on !ig'ts of t'e C'ild.and to abide b+ t'e rules and regulations issued to i ple ent t'epro2isions of t'e -CAA>

) !esiding in a countr+ 3it' 3'o t'e P'ilippines 'asdiplo atic relations and 3'ose go2ern ent aintains a si ilarl+aut'ori,ed and accredited agenc+ and t'at adoption is allo3ed int'at countr+>

&) Possesses all t'e ualifications and none of t'edis ualifications pro2ided in t'e -CAA and in ot'er applicableP'ilippine la3s>

1%) At least #" +ears of age at t'e ti e of t'e application> and

11) At least 17 +ears older t'an t'e c'ild to be adopted at t'eti e of application. unless (a) adopted is t'e parent b+ nature oft'e c'ild to be adopted> or (b) adopter is t'e spouse of t'e parent


15/24

B) Has been certified b+ 'isF'er diplo atic or consular officeor an+ appropriate go2ern ent agenc+ t'at 'eFs'e 'as t'e legalcapacit+ to adopt in 'isF'er countr+4 T'is re uire ent a+ be3ai2ed if (a) a for er *ilipino citi,ens see0s to adopt a relati2e3it'in t'e 8 t' degree of consanguinit+ or affinit+> (b) one see0s toadopt t'e legiti ate sonFdaug'ter of 'isF'er *ilipino spouse> (c)one 3'o is arried to a *ilipino citi,en and see0s to adopt arelati2e 3it'in t'e 8 t' degree of consanguinit+ or affinit+ of t'e*ilipino spouse4

b+ nature of t'e c'ild to be adopted4

14 Aliens

1) At least #" +ears of age at t'e ti e of t'e application>

#) At least 17 +ears older t'an t'e c'ild to be adopted at t'eti e of application unless t'e adopter is t'e parent b+ nature oft'e c'ild to be adopted or t'e spouse of suc' parent>

9) Has t'e capacit+ to act and assu e all rig'ts andresponsibilities of parental aut'orit+ under 'is national la3s>

8) Has undergone t'e appropriate counseling fro anaccredited counselor in 'isF'er countr+>

B) Has not been con2icted of a cri e in2ol2ing oral turpitude>

7) Eligible to adopt under 'isF'er national la3>

") -n a position to pro2ide t'e proper care and support and togi2e t'e necessar+ oral 2alues and e5a ple to all 'is c'ildren.including t'e c'ild to be adopted>

) Agrees to up'old t'e basic rig'ts of t'e c'ild as e bodiedunder P'ilippine la3s. t'e 6 Con2ention on t'e !ig'ts of t'eC'ild. and to abide b+ t'e rules and regulations issued toi ple ent t'e pro2isions of t'e -CAA>

&) Co es fro a countr+ 3it' 3'o t'e P'ilippines 'asdiplo atic relations and 3'ose go2ern ent aintains a si ilarl+aut'ori,ed and accredited agenc+ and t'at adoption is allo3edunder 'isF'er national la3s> and

1%) Possesses all t'e ualifications and none of t'edis ualifications pro2ided in t'e -CAA and in ot'er applicableP'ilippine la3s4

!e uire ent of oint Adoption b+ Spouses !e uire ent of oint Adoption b+ Spouses

General rule: 'usband and 3ife s'all jointl+ adopt> ot'er3ise. t'eadoption s'all not be allo3ed4E5ceptions:

1) -f one spouse see0s to adopt t'e legiti ate sonFdaug'ter oft'e ot'er>

#) -f one spouse see0s to adopt 'isF'er o3n illegiti atesonFdaug'ter but t'e ot'er spouse ust gi2e 'isF'er consent>

9) -f t'e spouses are legall+ separated fro eac' ot'er4

!ule: if t'e adopter is arried. 'isF'er spouse ust jointl+ file fort'e adoption4

Procedure Procedure

;'ere to file application: -n t'e *a il+ Court of t'e pro2ince orcit+ 3'ere t'e prospecti2e parents reside4After filing: T'e petitions'all not be set for 'earing 3it'out a case stud+ report b+ alicensed social 3or0er4

Super2ised Trial Custod+:

a) Te porar+ parental aut'orit+ is 2ested in prospecti2eadopter>

b) Period is at least 7 ont's. but a+ be reduced b+ t'ecourt ot 5ro5io or upon otion>

c) -f adopter is alien. t'e la3 andatoril+ re uires co pletionof t'e 7? ont' trial custod+ and a+ not be reduced. e5cept if: (1)a for er *ilipino citi,en see0s to adopt a relati2e 3it'in 8 t' degreeof consanguinit+ or affinit+> (#) one see0s to adopt t'e legiti atesonFdaug'ter of 'isF'er *ilipino spouse> (9) one 3'o is arried toa *ilipino citi,en and see0s to adopt jointl+ 3it' 'isF'er spouse arelati2e 3it'in t'e 8 t' degree of consanguinit+ or affinit+ of t'e*ilipino spouse4

ecree of Adoption: -ssued b+ P'ilippine *a il+ Court4

;'ere to file application: Eit'er in (a) *a il+ Court 'a2ing jurisdiction o2er t'e place 3'ere t'e c'ild resides or a+ befound. or (b) -nter?Countr+ Adoption @oard (-CA@) t'roug' aninter ediate agenc+. 3'et'er go2ern ental or an aut'ori,ed andaccredited agenc+. in t'e countr+ of t'e prospecti2e adopti2eparents4After filing: (a) if filed in t'e *C. court deter inessufficienc+ of petition in respect to for and substance. after3'ic'. petition is trans itted to -CA@> (b) if petition is alread+ 3it'-CA@. it conducts atc'ing of t'e applicant 3it' an adopti2e c'ild>(c) after atc' a0ing. t'e c'ild is personall+ fetc'ed b+ t'eapplicant for t'e trial custod+ 3'ic' ta0es place outside of t'eP'ilippines4

Super2ised Trial Custod+:

a) T'is process ta0es place outside of t'e countr+ and under

t'e super2ision of t'e foreign adoption agenc+>

b) *or a period of 7 ont's>

c) -f unsuccessful. -CA@ s'all loo0 for anot'er prospecti2eapplicant4 !epatriation of t'e c'ild is to be resorted onl+ as a lastresort>

d) -f successful. -CA@ trans its a 3ritten consent for t'eadoption to be e5ecuted b+ t'e S; . and t'e applicant t'en


16/24

Consent !e uired: ;ritten consent of t'e follo3ing to t'eadoption is re uired. in t'e for of affida2it: (1) adoptee. if 1%+ears of age or o2er> (#) biological parentFs of t'e c'ild. if 0no3n.or t'e legal guardian. or t'e proper go2ern ent instru entalit+3'ic' 'as legal custod+ of t'e c'ild> (9) legiti ate and adoptedsons or daug'ters. 1% +ears of age or o2er. of t'e adopterFs andadoptee. if an+> (8) illegiti ate sonsFdaug'ters. 1% +ears of age ofo2er. of t'e adopter if li2ing 3it' said adopter and t'e latter (B) spouse. if an+. of t'e person adopting or to beadopted4

files a petition for adoption in 'isF'er countr+4

ecree of Adoption: -ssued b+ a foreign court4

Consent !e uired:

(1) ;ritten consent of biological or adopted c'ildren abo2e 1%+ears of age. in t'e for of s3orn state ent is re uired to beattac'ed to t'e application to be filed 3it' t'e *C or -CA@>

(#) -f a satisfactor+ pre?adopti2e relations'ip is for ed bet3eent'e applicant and t'e c'ild. t'e 3ritten consent to t'e adoptione5ecuted b+ t'e S; is re uired4

D" est,% A&"5t,"! A%t (RA ; 28 AM 0240 4024SC)

E##e%ts "# $&"5t,"!

(1) Transfer of parental aut'orit+ $ e5cept in cases 3'ere t'e biological parent is t'e spouse of t'e adopter. t'e parental aut'orit+

of t'e biological parents s'all ter inate and t'e sa e s'all be 2ested in t'e adopters (Sec. 1*) 4

(#) egiti ac+ $ t'e adoptee s'all be considered t'e legiti ate sonFdaug'ter of t'e adopter(s) for all intents and purposes and assuc' is entitled to all t'e rig'ts and obligations pro2ided b+ la3 to legiti ate sonsFdaug'ters born to t'e 3it'out discri ination ofan+ 0ind (Sec. 17) 4

(9) Successional rig'ts

(a) -n legal and intestate succession. t'e adopter(s) and t'e adoptee s'all 'a2e reciprocal rig'ts of succession 3it'out distinctionfro legiti ate filiation (Sec. 18) >

(b) Ho3e2er. if t'e adoptee and 'isF'er biological parent(s) 'ad left a 3ill. t'e la3 on testa entar+ succession s'all go2ern (Sec.18) >

(c) Art4 1 (9) of t'e *a il+ Code and Sec4 1 . Art / of !A BB# pro2ide t'at t'e adoptee re ains an intestate 'eir of 'isF'erbiological parent ( +iter Dict in In re In the atter of >6o5tion of Ste5hanie 'at" >stor0a $arcia, -&- S !> &-1) 4

(8) -ssuance of ne3 certificate and first na e and surna e of adoptee

(a) T'e adoption decree s'all state t'e na e b+ 3'ic' t'e c'ild is to be 0no3n (Sec. 1%) 4 An a ended certificate of birt' s'all beissued b+ t'e Ci2il !egistr+ attesting to t'e fact t'at t'e adoptee is t'e c'ild of t'e adopter(s) b+ being registered 3it' 'isF'ersurna e (Sec. 1-) >

(b) T'e original certificate of birt' s'all be sta ped cancelle6F 3it' t'e annotation of t'e issuance of an a ended b irt' certificatein its place and s'all be sealed in t'e ci2il registr+ records4 T'e ne3 birt' certificate to be issued to t'e adoptee s'all not bear an+notation t'at it is an a ended issue (Sec. 1-) >

(c) All records. boo0s. and papers relating to t'e adoption cases in t'e files of t'e court. t'e S; . or an+ ot'er agenc+ orinstitution participating in t'e adoption proceedings s'all be 0ept strictl+ confidential and t'e court a+ order its release under t'efollo3ing conditions onl+: (1) t'e disclosure of t'e infor ation to a t'ird person is necessar+ for purposes connected 3it' or arisingout of t'e adoption> (#) t'e disclosure 3ill be for t'e best interest of t'e adoptee> and (9) t'e court a+ restrict t'e purposes for3'ic' it a+ be used (Sec. 1&) 4

I!st$!%es +e! $&"5t,"! $ /e 'es%,!&e&

(1) Grounds for rescission:

(a) !epeated p'+sical and 2erbal altreat ent b+ t'e adopter(s) despite 'a2ing undergone counseling>

(b) Atte pt on t'e life of t'e adoptee>

(c) Se5ual assault or 2iolence> or

(d) Abandon ent and failure to co pl+ 3it' parental obligations (Sec. 19) 4

(#) Prescripti2e period:

(a) -f incapacitated $ 3it'in fi2e (B) +ears after 'e reac'es t'e age of ajorit+>

(b) -f inco petent at t'e ti e of t'e adoption $ 3it'in fi2e (B) +ears after reco2er+ fro suc' inco petenc+ (Sec. 21, ! le on >6o5tion) 4

E##e%ts "# 'es%,ss,"! "# $&"5t,"!

(1) Parental aut'orit+ of t'e adoptee

(#) !eciprocal rig'ts and obligations of t'e adopter(s) and t'e adoptee to eac' ot'er s'all be e5tinguis'ed>


17/24

(9) Cancellation of t'e a ended certificate of birt' of t'e adoptee and restoration of 'isF'er original birt' certificate> and

(8) Succession rig'ts s'all re2ert to its status prior to adoption. but onl+ as of t'e date of judg ent of judicial rescission4 /estedrig'ts ac uired prior to judicial rescission s'all be respected (Sec. 2 ) 4

I!te'4C"u!t' A&"5t,"! (RA ;0 3)

(1) -nter?Countr+ Adoption refers to t'e socio?legal process of adopting a *ilipino c'ild b+ a foreigner or a *ilipino citi,enper anentl+ residing abroad 3'ere t'e petition is filed. t'e super2ised trial custod+ is underta0en. and t'e decree of adoption isissued in t'e P'ilippines (Sec. %GaH)4

*+e! $ll" e&

(1) -nter?countr+ adoptions are allo3ed 3'en t'e sa e s'all pro2e beneficial to t'e c'ild 0. 17, 2 *) 4

(8) T'e 3rits of ha+eas cor5 s and certiorari a+ be ancillar+ to eac' ot'er 3'ere necessar+ to gi2e effect to t'e super2isor+po3ers of t'e 'ig'er courts4 A 3rit of ha+eas cor5 s reac'es t'e bod+ and t'e jurisdictional atters. but not t'e record4 A 3ritof certiorari reac'es t'e record but not t'e bod+4 Hence. a 3rit of ha+eas cor5 s a+ be used 3it' t'e 3rit of certiorari for t'epurpose of re2ie3 ($alve vs. >, 2%7 S !> *8&) 4

(B) T'e general rule is t'at t'e release. 3'et'er per anent or te porar+. of a detained person renders t'e petition for ha+eascor5 s oot and acade ic. unless t'ere are restraints attac'ed to 'is release 3'ic' precludes freedo of action. in 3'ic' case t'eCourt can still in uire into t'e nature of 'is in2oluntar+ restraint4 Petitioner

(b) To test t'e legalit+ of an alien

(c) To enable parents to regain custod+ of a inor c'ild. e2en if t'e latter be in t'e custod+ of a t'ird person of 'er o3n free3ill (SalvaAa vs. $aela, && Phil. *8 ) >

(d) To obtain freedo for an accused confined for failure to post bail 3'ere t'e prosecuting officer unreasonabl+ dela+s trial b+continued postpone ent ( on6e vs. !ivera, -& Phil. *& ) >

(e) To gi2e retroacti2e effect to a penal pro2ision fa2orable to t'e accused 3'en t'e trial judge 'as lost jurisdiction b+ 2irtue of t'efinalit+ of t'e judg ent of con2iction (!o6ri0 e vs. Dir. of Prisons, &7 Phil. 1%%) >

(f) To deter ine t'e constitutionalit+ of a statute (Peo5le vs. ?era, *& Phil. **) >


18/24

(g) To per it an alien to land in t'e P'ilippines (The # an vs. ollector of sto s, &- Phil. 129) >

(') To put an end to an i oral situation. as 3'en a inor girl. alt'oug' preferring to sta+ 3it' 'er e plo+er. aintains illicitrelations'ip 3it' 'i ( aca o vs. ' Ae , 312772, ;an. 2-, 19&*) >

(i) ;'en a bond gi2en b+ an accused entitled t'ereto is not ad itted or e5cessi2e bail is re uired of 'i (In re Dic/, %8 Phil. -1) >

(j) To deter ine t'e legalit+ of an e5tradition (CS vs. !a scher, 119 CS - 7) >

(0) To deter ine t'e legalit+ of t'e action of a legislati2e bod+ in punis'ing a citi,en for conte pt ( o5e vs. Delos !e"es, &&Phil. 17 ) >

(l) To obtain freedo after ser2ing ini u sentence 3'en t'e penalt+ under an old la3 'as been reduced b+ an a endator+la34

C"!te!ts "# t+e 5et,t,"!

(1) Application for t'e 3rit s'all be b+ petition signed and 2erified eit'er b+ t'e part+ for 3'ose relief it is intended. or b+ so eperson on 'is be'alf. and s'all set fort':

(a) T'at t'e person in 3'ose be'alf t'e application is ade is i prisoned or restrained of 'is libert+>

(b) T'e officer or na e of t'e person b+ 3'o 'e is so i prisoned or restrained> or. if bot' are un0no3n or uncertain. suc' officeror person a+ be described b+ an assu ed appellation. and t'e person 3'o is ser2ed 3it' t'e 3rit s'all be dee ed t'e person

intended>

(c) T'e place 3'ere 'e is so i prisoned or restrained. if 0no3n>

(d) A cop+ of t'e co it ent or cause of detention of suc' person. if it can be procured 3it'out i pairing t'e efficienc+ of t'ere ed+> or. if t'e i prison ent or restraint is 3it'out an+ legal aut'orit+. suc' fact s'all appear (Sec. %) 4

C"!te!ts "# t+e Retu'!

(1) ;'en t'e person to be produced is i prisoned or restrained b+ an officer. t'e person 3'o a0es t'e return s'all state t'erein.and in ot'er cases t'e person in 3'ose custod+ t'e prisoner is found s'all state. in 3riting to t'e court or judge before 3'o t'e 3ritis returnable. plainl+ and une ui2ocabl+:

(a) ;'et'er 'e 'as or 'as not t'e part+ in 'is custod+ or po3er. or under restraint>

(b) -f 'e 'as t'e part+ in 'is custod+ or po3er. or under restraint. t'e aut'orit+ and t'e true and 3'ole cause t'ereof. set fort' atlarge. 3it' a cop+ of t'e 3rit. order. e5ecution. or ot'er process. if an+. upon 3'ic' t'e part+ is 'eld>

(c) -f t'e part+ is in 'is custod+ or po3er or is restrained b+ 'i . and is not produced. particularl+ t'e nature and gra2it+ of t'esic0ness or infir it+ of suc' part+ b+ reason of 3'ic' 'e cannot. 3it'out danger. be broug't before t'e court or judge>

(d) -f 'e 'as 'ad t'e part+ in 'is custod+ or po3er. or under restraint. and 'as transferred suc' custod+ or restraint to anot'er.particularl+ to 3'o . at 3'at ti e. for 3'at cause. and b+ 3'at aut'orit+ suc' transfer 3as ade (Sec. 1 ) 4

D,st,! u,s+ 5e'e 5t"' ',t #'" 5'el, ,!$' %,t$t,"!

Pe'e 5t"' ',t P'el, ,!$' %,t$t,"!

6nconditionall+ co ands t'e respondent to 'a2e t'e bod+ of t'edetained person before t'e court at a ti e and place t'ereinspecified>

!e uires t'e respondent to appear and s'o3 cause 3'+ t'epere ptor+ 3rit s'ould not be granted

( ee ic/ #on vs. ollector of sto s, -1 Phil. &*%)

*+e! !"t 5'"5e'>$55l,%$/le

(1) -nstances 3'en t'e 3rit of ha+eas cor5 s is not proper are:

(a) *or asserting or 2indicating denial of rig't to bail ($alve vs. >, 2%7 S !> *8&) >

(b) *or correcting errors in appreciation of facts or appreciation of la3 $ 3'ere t'e trial court 'ad no jurisdiction o2er t'e cause.o2er t'e person of t'e accused. and to i pose t'e penalt+ pro2ided for b+ la3. t'e ista0e co itted b+ t'e trial court. in t'eappreciation of t'e facts andFor in t'e appreciation of t'e la3 cannot be corrected b+ ha+eas cor5 s (Sotto vs. Director of Prisons,

a" % , 19*2) >

(c) =nce a person detained is dul+ c'arged in court. 'e a+ no longer file a petition for ha+eas cor5 s 4 His re ed+ 3ould be touas' t'e infor ation or 3arrant (!o6ri0 e vs. ; 60e Bonifacio, 'ov. 2*, 2 ) 4

*+e! ',t &,s$ll" e&>&,s%+$' e&

(1) -f it appears t'at t'e person alleged to be restrained of 'is libert+ is in t'e custod+ of an officer under process issued b+ acourt or judge or b+ 2irtue of a judg ent or order of a court of record. and t'at t'e court or judge 'ad jurisdiction to issue t'eprocess. render t'e judg ent. or a0e t'e order. t'e 3rit s'all not be allo3ed> or if t'e jurisdiction appears after t'e 3rit is allo3ed.t'e person s'all not be disc'arged b+ reason of an+ infor alit+ or defect in t'e process. judg ent. or order4 or s'all an+t'ing in


19/24

t'is rule be 'eld to aut'ori,e t'e disc'arge of a person c'arged 3it' or con2icted of an offense in t'e P'ilippines. or of a personsuffering i prison ent under la3ful judg ent (Sec. -) 4

D,st,! u,s+ #'" ',t "# Amparo $!& Habeas Data

*',t "# Habeas Corpus *',t "# Amparo *',t "# Habeas D$t$

A re ed+ a2ailable to an+ person. it co2erscases of illegal confine ent or detention b+3'ic' an+ person is depri2ed of 'is libert+.or b+ 3'ic' t'e rig'tful custod+ of an+person is 3it''eld fro t'e person entitledt'ereto4

A re ed+ a2ailable to an+ person 3'oserig't to life. libert+ and securit+ is 2iolated ort'reatened 3it' 2iolation b+ an unla3ful actor o ission of a public official or e plo+ee.or of a pri2ate indi2idual or entit+4 T'e 3ritco2ers e5trajudicial 0illings and enforceddisappearances or t'reats t'ereof4

A re ed+ a2ailable to an+ person 3'oserig't to pri2ac+ in life. libert+ or securit+ is2iolated or t'reatened b+ an unla3ful act oro ission of a public official or e plo+ee. orof a pri2ate indi2idual or entit+ engaged int'e gat'ering. collecting or storing of data orinfor ation regarding t'e person. fa il+.'o e and correspondence of t'e aggrie2edpart+4

;'o a+ file petition:@+ t'e part+ for 3'oserelief it is intended. or b+ so e person on'is be'alf4

;'o a+ file (in order):a) An+ e ber oft'e i ediate fa il+: spouse. c'ildren andparents of t'e aggrie2ed part+>

b) An+ ascendant. descendant orcollateral relati2e of aggrie2ed part+ 3it'in

t'e 8t'

ci2il degree of consanguinit+ oraffinit+>

c) An+ concerned citi,en. organi,ation.association or institution. if no 0no3n

e ber of i ediate fa il+4

;'o a+ file (in order):a) An+ e ber oft'e i ediate fa il+: spouse. c'ildren andparents of t'e aggrie2ed part+>

b) An+ ascendant. descendant orcollateral relati2e of aggrie2ed part+ 3it'in

t'e 8t'

ci2il degree of consanguinit+ oraffinit+4

;'ere to file:!TC. enforceable 3it'in itsarea of jurisdiction4

CA or SC. enforceable an+3'ere in t'eP'ilippines4

;'ere to file:!TC. Sandiganba+an. CA.SC>

;rit is enforceable an+3'ere in t'eP'ilippines4

;'ere to file:!TC. SC. CA. Sandiganba+an>

;rit is also enforceable an+3'ere in t'eP'ilippines4

Petitioner is e5e pted to pa+ doc0et andot'er la3ful fees4

-ndigent petitioner is e5e pted to pa+doc0et and ot'er la3ful fees4

;'en issued:*ort'3it' 3'en a petitiont'erefor is presented and it appears t'at t'e3rit oug't to issue.

;'en issued:- ediatel+ if on its face itoug't to be issued>

Ser2ed i ediatel+>

Su ar+ 'earing set not later t'an se2en(") da+s fro date of issuance4

;'en issued:- ediatel+ if on its face itoug't to be issued>

Ser2ed 3it'in 9 da+s fro issuance>

Su ar+ 'earing set not later t'an ten (1%)3or0 da+s fro date of issuance4

Contents of 2erified petition:

(a) T'at t'e person in 3'ose be'alf t'eapplication is ade is i prisoned orrestrained of 'is libert+>

(b) T'e officer or na e of t'e person b+

3'o 'e is so i prisoned or restrained> or.if bot' are un0no3n or uncertain. suc'officer or person a+ be described b+ anassu ed appellation. and t'e person 3'o isser2ed 3it' t'e 3rit s'all be dee ed t'eperson intended>

(c) T'e place 3'ere 'e is so i prisoned orrestrained. if 0no3n>

(d) A cop+ of t'e co it ent or cause ofdetention of suc' person. if it can beprocured 3it'out i pairing t'e efficienc+ oft'e re ed+> or. if t'e i prison ent orrestraint is 3it'out an+ legal aut'orit+. suc'fact s'all appear

Contents of 2erified petition:a) Personalcircu stances of petitioner and ofrespondent responsible for t'e t'reat. act oro ission>

b) /iolated or t'reatened rig't to life.libert+ and securit+ of aggrie2ed part+. and

'o3 co itted 3it' attendancecircu stances detailed in supportingaffida2its>

c) -n2estigation conducted. specif+ingna es. personal circu stances andaddresses of in2estigating aut'orit+ orindi2iduals. as 3ell as anner and conductof in2estigation toget'er 3it' an+ report>

d) Actions and recourses ta0en b+petitioner to deter ine t'e fate or3'ereabouts of aggrie2ed part+ and identit+of person responsible for t'e t'reat. act oro ission> and

e) T'e relief pra+ed for4

f) Ma+ include general pra+er for ot'er just and e uitable reliefs4

Contents of 2erified petition:a) Personalcircu stances of petitioner and respondent>

b) T'e anner t'e rig't to pri2ac+ is2iolated or t'reatened and 'o3 it affects t'erig't to life. libert+ or securit+ of aggrie2edpart+>

c) Actions and recourses ta0en b+petitioner to secure t'e data or infor ation>

d) ocation of files. registers or databases.go2ern ent office. and t'e person inc'arge. in possession or in control of t'edata or infor ation. if 0no3n>

e) !eliefs pra+ed for. 3'ic' a+ includet'e updating. rectification. suppression ordestruction of t'e database or infor ation orfiles 0ept b+ respondent>

f) -n case of t'reats. relief a+ include apra+er for an order enjoining t'e actco plained of> and

g) Suc' ot'er reliefs as are just ande uitable4

Contents of return:

a) ;'et'er 'e 'as or 'as not t'e part+ in'is custod+ or po3er. or under restraint>

Contents of return:a) a3ful defenses>

b) Steps or actions ta0en to deter ine3'ereabouts of aggrie2ed part+>

Contents of return:a) a3ful defensessuc' as national securit+. state secrets.pri2ileged co unications. confidentialit+ ofsource of infor ation>

b) isclosure of dataFinfo about petitioner.


20/24

b) -f 'e 'as t'e part+ in 'is custod+ orpo3er. or under restraint. t'e aut'orit+ andt'e true and 3'ole cause t'ereof. set fort'at large. 3it' a cop+ of t'e 3rit. order.e5ecution. or ot'er process. if an+. upon3'ic' t'e part+ is 'eld>

c) -f t'e part+ is in 'is custod+ or po3er oris restrained b+ 'i . and is not produced.particularl+ t'e nature and gra2it+ of t'esic0ness or infir it+ of suc' part+ b+ reasonof 3'ic' 'e cannot. 3it'out danger. bebroug't before t'e court or judge>

d) -f 'e 'as 'ad t'e part+ in 'is custod+ orpo3er. or under restraint. and 'astransferred suc' custod+ or restraint toanot'er. particularl+ to 3'o . at 3'at ti e.for 3'at cause. and b+ 3'at aut'orit+ suc'transfer 3as ade4

c) All rele2ant infor ation pertaining tot'reat. act or o ission against aggrie2edpart+>

d) -f respondent is a public official ore plo+ee. furt'er state: (1) 2erif+ t'eidentit+ of aggrie2ed> (#) reco2er andpreser2e e2idence related to deat' ordisappearance of person identified inpetition> (9) identif+ 3itnesses and t'eirstate ents> (8) deter ine cause. anner.location and ti e of deat' or disappearanceas 3ell as pattern or practice> (B) identif+and appre'end personFs in2ol2ed in t'edeat'Fdisappearance> (7) bring suspectedoffenders before a co petent court4

nature of dataFinfo. purpose of collection>

c) Steps or actions ta0en b+ respondent toensure securit+ and confidentialit+ of data orinfor ation>

d) Currenc+ and accurac+ of data orinfor ation>

e) =t'er allegations rele2ant to resolutionof t'e proceedings4

A general denial of t'e allegations in t'epetition is not allo3ed4

Effects of failure to file return:T'e court. justice or judge s'all proceed to 'ear t'epetition e< 5arte 4

Effects of failure to file return:T'e court. justice or judge s'all proceed to 'ear t'epetition e< 5arte . granting t'e petitionersuc' relief as t'e petition a+ 3arrantunless t'e court in its discretion re uirespetitioner to sub it e2idence4

Procedure for 'earing:T'e 'earing on t'epetition s'all be su ar+4 Ho3e2er t'ecourt. justice or judge a+ call for apreli inar+ conference to si plif+ t'eissues and deter ine t'e possibilit+ ofobtaining stipulations and ad issions frot'e parties4

T'e 'earing s'all be fro da+ to da+ untilco pleted and gi2en t'e sa e priorit+ aspetitions for ha+eas cor5 s 4

Procedure for 'earing:T'e 'earing on t'epetition s'all be su ar+4 Ho3e2er t'ecourt. justice or judge a+ call for apreli inar+ conference to si plif+ t'e issuesand deter ine t'e possibilit+ of obtainingstipulations and ad issions fro t'eparties4

-nteri reliefs a2ailable before final judg ent:a) Te porar+ Protection =rder $protected in a go2ern ent agenc+ of b+ anaccredited person or pri2ate institutioncapable of 0eeping and securing t'eirsafet+>

b) -nspection =rder $ 3it' a lifeti e of Bda+s 3'ic' a+ be e5tended. a+ beopposed on t'e ground of national securit+or pri2ileged infor ation. allo3s entr+ intoand inspect. easure. sur2e+ orp'otograp' t'e propert+>

c) Production =rder $ to re uirerespondents to produce and per it

inspection. cop+ing or p'otograp'ing ofdocu ents. papers. boo0s. accounts.letters. p'otograp's. objects or tangiblet'ings t'at contain e2idence4

( ot applicable)

Effect of filing cri inal action:A cri inalaction first filed e5cludes t'e filing of t'e3rit> relief s'all be b+ otion in t'e cri inalcase4 A cri inal case filed subse uentl+s'all be consolidated 3it' t'e petition fort'e 3rit of a 5aro 4

Effect of filing cri inal action:A cri inalaction first filed e5cludes t'e filing of t'e3rit> relief s'all be b+ otion in t'e cri inalcase> A cri inal case filed subse uentl+s'all be consolidated 3it' t'e petition for t'e3rit of ha+eas 6ata 4

Appeal:To t'e SC under !ule 8B. 3it'in 8'ours fro notice of judg ent (Tan hin # ivs. !o6ri0 e , $! 1%7&71, Se5t. 21, 2 ) 4

A 3rit of ha+eas cor5 s does not lie 3'erepetitioner 'as t'e re ed+ of appealor certiorari because it 3ill not be per ittedto perfor t'e functions of a 3rit of error orappeal for t'e purpose of re2ie3ing ereerrors or irregularities in t'e proceedings ofa court 'a2ing jurisdiction o2er t'e personand t'e subject atter ($alve vs. >, $!11- -*, ct. 2-, 199-) 4

Appeal:To t'e SC under !ule 8B. 3it'in Bda+s fro notice of ad2erse judg ent. to begi2en t'e sa e priorit+ as ha+eascor5 s cases4

Appeal:To t'e SC under !ule 8B. 3it'in Bda+s fro notice of judg ent or final order.to be gi2en t'e sa e priorit+ as ha+eascor5 s and a 5aro cases4


21/24

Duantu of proof:@+ substantial e2idence4Pri2ate respondent to pro2e ordinar+diligence 3as obser2ed in t'e perfor anceof dut+4 Public officialFe plo+ee respondentto pro2e e5traordinar+ diligence 3asobser2ed. and cannot in2o0e t'epresu ption t'at official dut+ 'as beenregularl+ perfor ed to e2ade responsibilit+or liabilit+4

Rules "! Cust"& "# M,!"'s $!& *',t "# Habeas Corpus ,! Rel$t,"! t" Cust"& "# M,!"'s (AM N".

0340 40 4SC)

(1) T'e *a il+ Court 'as e5clusi2e original jurisdiction to 'ear petitions for custod+ of inors and t'e issuance of t'e 3ritof ha+eas cor5 s in relation to custod+ of inors4 T'e Court is tas0ed 3it' t'e dut+ of pro ulgating special rules or procedure fort'e disposition of fa il+ cases 3it' t'e best interests of t'e inor as pri ar+ consideration. ta0ing into account t'e 6nited ationsCon2ention on t'e !ig'ts of t'e C'ild4 -t s'ould be clarified t'at t'e 3rit is issued b+ t'e *a il+ Court onl+ in relation to custod+ of

inors4 An ordinar+ petition for ha+eas cor5 s s'ould be filed in t'e regular Court4 T'e issue of c'ild custod+ a+ be tac0led b+ t'e*a il+ Court 3it'out need of a separate petition for custod+ being filed4

(#) T'e Co ittee c'ose t'e p'rase an+ person clai ing custod+I as it is broad enoug' to co2er t'e follo3ing: (a) t'e unla3fuldepri2ation of t'e custod+ of a inor> or (b) 3'ic' parent s'all 'a2e t'e care and custod+ of a inor. 3'en suc' parent is in t'e

idst of nullit+. annul ent or legal separation proceedings (Sec. 2) 4

(9) T'e 'earings on custod+ of inors a+. at t'e discretion of t'e court. be closed to t'e public and t'e records of t'e case s'allnot be released to non?parties 3it'out its appro2al (Sec. 21) 4

(8) A otion to dis iss t'e petition is not allo3ed e5cept on t'e ground of lac0 of jurisdiction o2er t'e subject atter or o2er t'eparties4 An+ ot'er ground t'at ig't 3arrant t'e dis issal of t'e petition s'all be raised as an affir ati2e defense in t'eans3er (Sec. *) 4

(B) 6pon t'e filing of t'e 2erified ans3er of t'e e5piration of t'e period to file it. t'e court a+ order a social 3or0er to a0e acase stud+ of t'e inor and t'e parties and to sub it a report and reco endation to t'e court at least t'ree da+s before t'esc'eduled pre?trial (Sec. 8) 4

(7) Hold eparture =rder $ T'e inor c'ild subject of t'e petition s'all not be broug't out of t'e countr+ 3it'out prior order frot'e court 3'ile t'e petition is pending4 T'e court ot 5ro5io or upon application under oat' a+ issue e< 5arte a 'old departureorder addressed to t'e @- of t'e = a cop+ of t'e 'old departure order 3it'in #8 'ours fro its issuance and t'roug' t'e fastesta2ailable eans of trans ittal (Sec.1*) 4

Writ of Amparo (AM N". 07494124SC)

C"6e'$ e8 D,st,! u,s+ #'" +$/e$s %"'5us $!& +$/e$s &$t$8 *+" $ #,le8 C"!te!ts "# 'etu'!8 E##e%ts "# #$,lu'e t" #,le'etu'!8 P'"%e&u'e #"' +e$',! 8 I!st,tut,"! "# se5$'$te $%t,"!8 E##e%t "# #,l,! "# $ %', ,!$l $%t,"!8 C"!s"l,&$t,"!8 I!te','el,e#s $6$,l$/le t" 5et,t,"!e' $!& 'es5"!&e!t8 Bu$!tu "# 5'""# ,! $55l,%$t,"! #"' ,ssu$!%e "# ',t "# Amparo

(1) See table abo2e4

D,##e'e!%es /et ee! A 5$'" $!& se$'%+ $ ''$!t

O !,/us $,6e' 'ule

*',t "# Habeas Data (AM N". 0;4141 4SC)

S%"5e "# ',t8 A6$,l$/,l,t "# ',t8 D,st,! u,s+ #'" Habeas Corpus $!& Amparo 8 *+" $ #,le8 C"!te!ts "# t+e 5et,t,"!8C"!s"l,&$t,"!8 E##e%t "# #,l,! "# $ %', ,!$l $%t,"!8 I!st,tut,"! "# se5$'$te $%t,"!

(1) See table abo2e4

I!st$!%es +e! 5et,t,"! /e +e$'& ,! %+$ /e's

(1) A 'earing in c'a bers a+ be conducted 3'ere t'e respondent in2o0es t'e defense t'at t'e release of t'e data orinfor ation in uestion s'all co pro ise national securit+ or state secrets. or 3'en t'e data or infor ation cannot be di2ulged tot'e public due to its nature or pri2ileged c'aracter (Sec. 12) 4

C+$! e "# N$ e (Rule 103)

D,##e'e!%es u!&e' Rule 103 RA 90 ; $!& Rule 10;

Rule 103 RA 90 ; Rule 10;


22/24

Petition s'ould be filed in t'e !TC 3'eret'e petitioner resides

Petitions filed 3it' t'e cit+ or unicipal ci2ilregistrar. or 3it' consul general for citi,ensli2ing abroad

/erified petition filed in t'e !TC 3'ere t'ecorresponding Ci2il !egistr+ is located

Ci2il !egistrar is not a part+4 SolicitorGeneral to be notified b+ ser2ice of a cop+of petition4

Ci2il !egistrar is an indispensable part+4 -fnot ade a part+. proceedings are null and2oid4 !eason: 'e is interested part+ in

protecting t'e integrit+ of public docu ents4Solicitor General ust also be notified b+ser2ice of a cop+ of t'e petition4

Petition is filed b+ t'e person desiring toc'ange 'is na e

/erified petition in t'e for of affida2it isfiled b+ an+ person 'a2ing direct andpersonal interest in t'e correction

@+ a person interested in an+ acts. e2ent.order or decree

-n2ol2es c'ange of na e onl+ -n2ol2es first na e and nic0na e All cancellation or correction of entries of:(a) birt's> (b) arriages> (c) deat's> (d) legalseparation> (e) judg ents or annul ents of

arriage> (f) judg ents declaring arriages2oid fro t'e beginning> (g) legiti ations>(') adoptions> (i) ac0no3ledg ents ofnatural c'ildren> (j) naturali,ations> (0)election. loss or reco2er+ of citi,ens'ip> (l)

ci2il interdiction> ( ) judicial deter ination offiliation> (n) 2oluntar+ e ancipation of ainor> and (o) c'anges of na e4

-n2ol2es substantial c'anges -n2ol2es clerical or t+pograp'ical errors Substantial and ad2ersar+ if c'ange affectst'e ci2il status. citi,ens'ip or nationalit+ of apart+> Su ar+ if in2ol2es ere clericalerrors (!e5 +lic vs. ?alencia, 1-1 S !>-*2) 4

Grounds:(a) a e is ridiculous.dis'onorable or e5tre el+ difficult to 3riteor pronounce>

(b) C'ange is a legal conse uence oflegiti ation or adoption>

(c) C'ange 3ill a2oid confusion>

(d) =ne 'as continuousl+ used and been0no3n since c'ild'ood b+ a *ilipino na eand 3as una3are of alien parentage>

(e) C'ange is based on a sincere desireto adopt a *ilipino na e to erase signs offor er alienage. all in good fait' and3it'out prejudice to an+bod+> and

(f) Surna e causes e barrass ent andt'ere is no s'o3ing t'at t'e desired c'angeof na e 3as for a fraudulent purpose. ort'at t'e c'ange of na e 3ould prejudice

public interest (!e5 +lic vs. #ernan6e , *8S >D 279) !e5 +lic vs. >vila, 122 S !>-8%)4

Grounds:a) *irst na e or nic0na e isfound to be ridiculous. tainted 3it' dis'onoror e5tre el+ difficult to 3rite or pronounce>

b) T'e first na e or nic0na e 'as been'abituall+ and continuous used b+ petitionerpublicl+ 0no3n b+ t'at first na e ornic0na e in t'e co unit+>

c) C'ange 3ill a2oid confusion4

Grounds:Cancellation or correction ofentries of: (a) birt's> (b) arriages> (c)deat's> (d) legal separation> (e) judg entsor annul ents of arr

Summary Spec Proc

Documents

Transcript of Summary Spec Proc