NAME- JAYANTA DASBATCH NO.- U1

SUBJECT- TRAVEL AND TOURISM ASSIGHNMENT

ASSIGNED BY- MRS RINA DHABARAI

INTRODUCTIONTourism is travel for recreation, leisure, religious, family or business purposes, usually for a limited duration. Tourism is commonly associated with international travel, but may also refer to travel to another place within the same country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. Tourism can be domestic or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments. Today, tourism is a major source of income for many countries, and affects the economy of both the source and host countries, in some cases being of vital importance.Tourism suffered as a result of a strong economic slowdown of the late-2000s recession, between the second half of 2008 and the end of 2009, and the outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus. It then slowly recovered, with international tourist arrivals surpassing the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for first time in history in 2012. International tourism receipts (the travel item in the balance of payments) grew to US$1.03 trillion (€740 billion) in 2011, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 3.8% from 2010. In 2012, China became the largest spender in international tourism globally with US$102 billion, surpassing Germany and United States. China and emerging markets have significantly increased their spending over the past decade, with Russia and Brazil as noteworthy examples.

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International Air Transport Association(IATA)

The International Air Transport Association was created in April 1945 in Havana, Cuba to represent airlines at the United Nations body of civil aviation authorities, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).At its founding, IATA had 57 members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and North America. Today, IATA has over 230 members from 126 nations in every part of the globe. IATA has more than 1 300 employees in over 60 offices worldwide. Its headquarters are located in Montreal, Canada with an executive office in Geneva, Switzerland.

Universal Federation Of Travel Agents Association (UFTAA)

The United Federation of Travel Agents’ Associations (UFTAA) emanates from the Universal Federation of Travel Agents’ Associations created in Rome, Italy, on November 22nd, 1966. UFTAA was originally founded as a result of a merger of two large world organizations, FIAV and UOTAA, recognizing the need to unify travel agencies and tour-operators into one international federation. In 1989, coming from Brussels, UFTAA set up its General Secretariat in the Principality of Monaco.The selection process is as follows: In the course of the year following the allocation of the scholarship, they must send in a report on their activities. UFTAA also introduces them to professionals… this can lead to a first working contract and their stepping in active life. In order to increase the funds available for scholarships, various companies have been approached – which have interests in Africa and were asked: 

Travel Agents Association of India (TAAI)

Established back in 1951, Travel Agents Association of India (TAAI) is perhaps the largest Travel Association of India. Started with just twelve travel agents, TAAI has got a staggering 2400 members under its banner with the objective to promote the interest of the Indian tourism industry and the entities associated with it. Moreover to assure the rights and satisfaction quotient of the travellers. Down the years, TAAI has earned the reputation as the voice of the Travel and Tourism industry in India by dint of their dedicated, dynamic and professional service.

International Civil Aviation Organisation(ICAO)

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), specialized agency of the United Nations, organized in 1947, with headquarters at Montreal. The objective of the ICAO, which has 190 member nations, is to encourage the orderly growth of international civil aviation, establishing uniform standards for aircraft markings, airworthiness, and licensing of pilots. Its strategic objectives are to provide safe, secure, sustainable, and efficient global civil aviation, to minimize aviation's adverse effects on the environment, and to strengthen the laws governing international civil aviation. The ICAO is governed by a board elected by its members (civil airport authorities), which meets annually. A directorate general implements board policies and may act as arbiter between states in disputes in the interpretation of the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944. The ICAO also renders technical assistance to member nations, especially in the field of training.

Pacific Asia Travel Association(PATA)

PATA is the leader, advocate and catalyst for developing Asia Pacific’s travel and tourism industry. Formed over 60 years ago with headquarters in Bangkok, PATA is a global organisation with over 2,500 members comprising 42 Member Destinations and their Airlines, Hotel Groups, Tour Operators and Travel Agents. PATA has an international network of over 40 worldwide chapters. In partnership with private and public sector members, PATA seeks to enhance the sustainable growth, value and quality of travel and tourism to, from and within the region. The Association provides leadership and counsel on an individual and collective basis to over 80 governments, state and city tourism bodies; nearly 30 international airlines, airports and cruise lines and many hundreds of travel industry companies across the Asia Pacific region and beyond.

The Chicago Convention

The Convention on International Civil Aviation, also known as the Chicago Convention, established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating international air travel. The Convention establishes rules of airspace, aircraft registration and safety, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel. The Convention also exempts commercial air fuels from tax.The document was signed on December 7, 1944 in Chicago, U.S., by 52 signatory states. It received the requisite 26th ratification on March 5, 1947 and went into effect on April 4, 1947, the same date that ICAO came into being. In October of the same year, ICAO became a specialized agency of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The Convention has since been revised eight times (in 1959, 1963, 1969, 1975, 1980, 1997, 2000 and 2006).As of 2013, the Chicago Convention has 191 state parties, which includes all member states of the United Nations—exceptDominica, Liechtenstein, and Tuvalu—plus the Cook Islands.

Warsaw Convention

The Convention for the Unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air, commonly known as the Warsaw Convention, is an international convention which regulates liability for international carriage of persons, luggage, or goods performed by aircraft for reward.Originally signed in 1929 in Warsaw (hence the name), it was amended in 1955 at The Hague, Netherlands, and in 1971 inGuatemala City, Guatemala. United States courts have held that, at least for some purposes, the Warsaw Convention is a different instrument from the Warsaw Convention as amended by the Hague Protocol.The Warsaw Convention is an international convention which regulates liability for international carriage of persons, luggage or goods performed by aircraft for reward.

Bilateral Trade Agreements

A bilateral air transport agreement (also sometimes called a bilateral air service agreement or ATA or ASA) is an agreement which two nations sign to allow international commercial air transport services between their territories.The bilateral system has its basis under the Chicago convention and associated multilateral treaties. The Chicago Convention was signed in December 1944 and has governed international air services since then. the convention also has a range of annexes covering issues such as aviation security, safety oversight, air worthiness, navigation, environmental protection and facilitation (expediting and departure at airports).In 1913, in what was probably the earliest such agreement, a bilateral Exchange of Notes was signed between Germany and France to provide for airship services.

Freedom Of Air

The freedoms of the air are a set of commercial aviation rights granting a country's airlines the privilege to enter and land in another country's airspace, formulated as a result of disagreements over the extent of aviation liberalisation in the Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944, known as the Chicago Convention. The United States had called for a standardized set of separate air rights to be negotiated between states, but most other countries were concerned that the size of the U.S. airlines would dominate air travel if there were not strict rules. The freedoms of the air are the fundamental building blocks of the international commercial aviation route network. The use of the terms "freedom" and "right" confer entitlement to operate international air services only within the scope of the multilateral and bilateral treaties (air services agreements) that allow them.The first two freedoms concern the passage of commercial aircraft through foreign airspace and airports, the other freedoms are about carrying people, mail and cargo internationally. The first through fifth freedoms are officially enumerated by international treaties, especially the Chicago Convention. Several other freedoms have been added, and although most are not officially recognised under broadly applicable international treaties they have been agreed to by a number of countries. The lower-numbered freedoms are relatively universal while the higher-numbered ones are rarer and more controversial. Liberal open skies agreements often represent the least restrictive form of air services agreements and may include many if not all freedoms. They are relatively rare but examples include the recent single aviation markets in the European Union and between Australia and New Zealand.

Montreal Convention

The Montreal Convention (formally, the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air) is amultilateral treaty adopted by a diplomatic meeting of ICAO member states in 1999. It amended important provisions of the Warsaw Convention's regime concerning compensation for the victims of air disasters. The Convention attempts to re-establish uniformity and predictability of rules relating to the international carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo. Whilst maintaining the core provisions which have served the international air transport community for several decades (i.e., the Warsaw regime), the new treaty achieves modernization in a number of key areas. It protects passengers by introducing a two-tier liability system that eliminates the previous requirement of proving willful neglect by the air carrier to obtain more than $75,000 in damages, which should eliminate or reduce protracted litigation.

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JAPAN The history of Japan encompasses the history of the islands of Japan and the Japanese people, spanning the ancient history of the region to the modern history of Japan as a nation state. Following the last ice age, around 12,000 BC, the rich ecosystem of the Japanese archipelago fostered human development. The earliest-known pottery found in Japan belongs to the Jōmon period. The first known written reference to Japan is in the brief information given in Twenty-Four Histories in the 1st century AD. The main cultural and religious influences came from China.After a series of naval victories by mid-1942, Japan's military forces were overextended and its industrial base was unable to provide the needed ships, armaments, and oil. Even with his navy sunk and his main cities destroyed by U.S. air attacks, the Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) held out until August 1945 when two atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and a Soviet invasion forced a surrender.The U.S. occupied Japan until 1952. After 1955, it enjoyed very high economic growth rates, and became a world economic powerhouse, especially in engineering, automobiles and electronics. Since the 1990s economic stagnation has been a major issue, with an earthquake and tsunami in 2011 causing massive economic dislocations and loss of nuclear power supplies.

TOKYO(CAPITAL OF JAPAN)Tokyo, officially Tokyo Metropolis, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION- 35°40’ 57” N & 139°45’09” E

CLIMATICAL CONDITION- •On average, the warmest month(s) are July and August.•Most rainfall (rainy season) is seen in March, April, May, June, July, August, September and October.•On average, the warmest month is August.•On average, the coolest month is January.•June is the wettest month.•January is the driest month.

TRANSPORTATION-

Airplanes-Narita International Airport and Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport) are two majorgateways for air transportation in the metropolitan area.

Ships-Water buses provide convenient transportation and also are fun to use for sightseeing in Tokyo from the waterways. Between the mainland and the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, passenger liners operate from Takeshiba Port.

Trains-Tokyo has an aboveground train system which is run mostly by JR East. The center of the system is the Yamanote Line, which loops around the city and links to all the major stations .

Subways-There are 13 subway lines including 9 Tokyo Metro lines and 4 Toei Subway lines. For ease of use, each station is coded with a letter and number. You will find these on platform signs and route maps.

Buses-Riding on a bus has become convenient, now that you can use the PASMO or Suica card. Within Tokyo’s 23 wards, you can ride the green, Toei buses.

Taxis-All licensed taxis have green number plates. To catch a taxi, simply wave your hand. At night, available taxis will have the roof sign illuminated and by day a sign will be illuminated in the front window on the passenger side.

POPULATION- 13.35 MILLIONS

TOKYO SKYTREE TOKYO IMPERIAL PALACE TOKYO DISNEYSEA

TOKYO DISNEYLAND HAMARIKYU GARDEN TOKYO NATIONAL MUSEUM

6 INTERESTING PLACE IN TOKYO,JAPAN-

OSAKA(CITY OF JAPAN)Some of the earliest signs of habitation in the area of Osaka were found at the Morinomiya remains (Morinomiya iseki?), with its shell mounds, including sea oysters and buried human skeletons from the 5th–6th centuries BC. It is believed that what is today the Uehonmachi area consisted of a peninsular land, with an inland sea in the east. During the Yayoi period, permanent habitation on the plains grew as rice farming became popular.By the Kofun period, Osaka developed into a hub port connecting the region to the western part of Japan. The large numbers of increasingly larger tomb mounds found in the plains of Osaka are seen as evidence of political-power concentration, leading to the formation of a state.Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Japan. It is the capital city of Osaka Prefectureand the largest component of the Keihanshin Metropolitan Area, the second largest metropolitan area in Japan and among thelargest in the world with nearly 19 million inhabitants. Situated at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, Osaka is Japan'sthird largest city by population after the Tokyo 23 wards and Yokohama, and serves as a major economic hub.Historically a merchant city, Osaka has also been known as the "nation's kitchen" and served as a center for the rice trade during the Edo period.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION-  135°50' East Longitude 34°69' North LatitudeCLIMATICAL CONDITION-•The months May, June, July, September and October have a nice average temperature.•On average, the warmest month(s) are July and August.•A lot of rain (rainy season) falls in the months: March, April, May, June, July, August, September and October.•On average, the warmest month is August.•On average, the coolest month is January.•June is the wettest month.•December is the driest month.

TRANSPOTATION-

Railways-There are several kinds of transportation facilities operating in Osaka ,including the subway, JR (Japan Railways) and private railways. These facilities allow you easy access to the major cities in the Kansai area, such as Kyoto, Nara and Kobe. Osaka's subway system plays an important role in connecting the city center of Osaka to many of its satellite cities.

Airplane-Skyscanner allows you to find the cheapest flights to Osaka (from hundreds of airlines including ANA, Japan Airlines, United) without having to enter specific dates or even destinations, making it the best place to find cheap flights for your trip.

Buses-Osaka is covered by a dense network of daytime and overnight bus lines. Every prefecture and larger city is served by at least one bus company, operating lines into other parts of the country.

Ships-Take this water bus to view the city of Osaka from the river’s surface. This 60 minutes cruise covers the major tourist attractions such as Osaka Castle and Nakanoshima. In spring, cherry blossom-viewing ships and night cherry blossom ships are also available

Car-In order to promote subway use instead of personal cars in Osaka, Fridays and the 20th of every month are called No-My-Car-Day. 'My Car' is a Japanese word taken from English that means one's own car. On these days, the Osaka One-Day Pass is discounted to 600 yen and is called the No-My-Car-Day Pass.

Bicycles-Osaka in Japan is in many ways the perfect cycle destination: it’s flat, well-signposted and chock full of interesting destinations to whizz around at high-speed. It’s also relatively cycle-friendly, something that will doubtless come as a bit of a culture shock to British and American tourists used to navigating roads stuffed with particularly homicidal drivers.

POPULATION- 2.665 MILLION

6 INTERESTING PLACES IN OSAKA,JAPAN-

OSAKA AQUARIUM KAIYUKAN

TEMPOZAN FERRIS WHEEL OSAKA CASTLE PARK

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ART TENNOJI PARK OSAKA SCIENCE MUSEUM

SINGAPORE The written history of Singapore dates back to the third century. Later, the Kingdom of Singapura rose in importance during the 14th century under the rule of Srivijayan prince Parameswara and Singapore became an important port, until it was destroyed by Acehnese raiders in 1613. The modern history of Singapore began in 1819 when Englishman Sir Stamford Raffles established a British port on the island. Under British colonial rule, Singapore grew in importance as a centre for both the India-China trade and theentrepôt trade in Southeast Asia, rapidly becoming a major port city.During World War II, Singapore was conquered and occupied by the Japanese Empire from 1942 to 1945. When the war ended, Singapore reverted to British control, with increasing levels of self-government being granted, culminating in Singapore's merger with the Federation of Malaya to form Malaysia in 1963. However, social unrest and disputes between Singapore's ruling People's Action Party and Malaysia's Alliance Party resulted in Singapore's separation from Malaysia. Singapore became an independent republic on 9 August 1965.

SINGAPORE CITY(CITY OF SINGAPORE)-The Singapore City Gallery, formerly known as the URA Gallery was established in 1999 and is managed by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA), a statutory board under the Ministry of National Development, whose role is to plan and facilitate Singapore's long term land use and physical development.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION- 1° 21' N, 103° 49' E

CLIMATICAL CONDITION-Due to its geographical location and maritime exposure, Singapore’s climate is characterized by uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity and abundant rainfall. The average temperature is between 25 degrees Celsius and 31 degrees Celsius. Thunderstorms occur on 40% of all days. Relative humidity is in the range of 70% – 80%. April is the warmest month, January is the coolest month and November is the wettest month.

TRANSPORTATION-

Buses-Buses form a significant part of public transportation in Singapore, with over three million rides taken per day on average. There are more than 300 scheduled bus services, the vast majority operated by SBS Transit and SMRT Buses.

Rails-The Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is a standard gauge system with a total rail network length of 153.2 km (95.19 mi) and 104 stations. There are five main lines running at present: the North South Line, the East West Line, the Circle Line, operated by SMRT Trains (SMRT Corporation). The North East Line and the Downtown Line which commenced on 22 December 2013, operated by SBS Transit

Taxis-Taxicabs are a popular form of public transport in the compact sovereign city-state of Singapore, with fares considered relatively low compared to those in most cities in developed countries. As of July 2014, the total taxi fleet in Singapore is 27,937 taxis, operated by six taxi companies and 213 independent drivers.

Airlines-There are six local scheduled service airlines, all of them operating from Singapore Changi Airport, offering scheduled flights to over 70 cities on six continents. The national flag carrier, Singapore Airlines, operates from Changi Airport Terminal 2 and 3. Its subsidiaries,SilkAir and Scoot, operate from Changi Airport Terminal 2.

POPULATION- 4.2 millions

6 INTERESTING PLACES IN SINGAPORE CITY-

National Orchid Garden Cloud Forest Singapore Botanic Gardens

Gardens By The Bay Singapore Zoo Waterfront Promenade

SENTOSA ISLAND(CITY OF SINGAPORE)-The name Sentosa translates as "peace and tranquility" in Malay (derived from Santosha in Sanskrit). Sentosa was once known as Pulau Belakang Mati (Chinese: which in Malay means the "Island (pulau) of Death (mati) from Behind (belakang)".

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION- 1.2480° N, 103.8300° E

CLIMATICAL CONDITION-Like most of Southeast Asia, Singapore is generally hot and humid. It's warm and humid year round, with the temperature almost never dropping below 20°C (68°F), even at night, and usually climbing to 30°C (86°F) during the day. Recent times, it even reached till 35°C.  Humidity is high, mounting over a 75% mark.November and December is the rainy season. June-August is considered to be the best time to visit, but even then it rains often. Don't let the climate stop you from going, however. Most buildings are air-conditioned (to the point that you may want to take a sweater), and pains have been taken to make everything as comfortable as can be, all things considered. When it does rain, it's generally only for a short period.

TRANSPORTATION-

Buses-Buses form a significant part of public transportation in Singapore, with over three million rides taken per day on average. There are more than 300 scheduled bus services, the vast majority operated by SBS Transit and SMRT Buses.

Rails-The Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is a standard gauge system with a total rail network length of 153.2 km (95.19 mi) and 104 stations. There are five main lines running at present: the North South Line, the East West Line, the Circle Line, operated by SMRT Trains (SMRT Corporation0

Taxis-Taxicabs are a popular form of public transport in the compact sovereign city-state of Singapore, with fares considered relatively low compared to those in most cities in developed countries.

Airlines-There are six local scheduled service airlines, all of them operating from Singapore Changi Airport, offering scheduled flights to over 70 cities on six continents. The national flag carrier, Singapore Airlines, operates from Changi Airport Terminal 2 and 3.

POPULATION- 0.8 MILLION

6 INTERESTING PLACES IN SENTOSA ISLAND-

Skyline Luge Sentosa Wings of Time Marine Life Park

Resorts World Sentosa Sentosa Boardwalk Tanjong Beach

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JAPAN

Visa Requirements(As a Tourists)All travellers will need a passport valid for atleast 90 days following your departure date from Japan.However, we strongly recommend travelling with 6 months validity on your passport at all times.Be advised that the Embassy of India is currently being very selective in the issuance of 5 to 10 years visas.Applicants are strongly recommended to apply for the shortest duration available.1.Filled out and signed Japan tourist visa application form2.Original, signed India passport with at least 6 months of remaining validity. 3.Passport-type photographs: 2 4.Visa application form. Visa application form filled out in detail(block letters) and signed by the applicant.5.Itinerary. Copy of round trip tickets or confirmed itinerary.6.Bank Statement. Copies of bank statements from the past 6 months.7.Hotel Reservations. Copy of confirmed hotel reservations.8.Personal Invitation. If staying with friends or family, a letter of invitation from the host in Japan, NOTARIZED by the appropriate city hall in Japan can be used instead of the hotel reservation.9.Tourist Voucher. Copy of tourist voucher issued by tourist company or hotel in Japan approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The JAPAN Embassy in India:-

NEW DELHI

Japan Embassy

Plot No.4&5, 50-G Shantipath,

Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021

Tel: 91-11-2687-6581,4610-4610

Fax: 91-11-2467-8081

Email:jpemb-cons@nd.mofa.go.jp

SINGAPOREVisa requirements(As a Tourist)Original, signed India passport -with at least 6 months of remaining validity. Passport-type photograph: 1Proof of status. Copy of Green Card (both sides) or other proof of legal status in the US (such as copy of I-20, US visa, H1B approval notice, etc.)Itinerary. Copy of round trip tickets or itinerary.Employment Letter. Copy of a letter from your employer on business letterhead, with contact details, stating that a leave of absence has been granted, purpose and duration of the trip, and that you will be returning to your current job. If you are self-employed, include a copy of your business license and tax return. For students, please submit an official letter from your school indicating that you are in good standing and that you are registered for the upcoming semester. If you are retired please submit proof of your retirement fund.Hotel Reservations. Copy of confirmed hotel reservations.Letter of Introduction Form. If you will be visiting friends or family, a Letter of Introduction - Form V39A completed and signed by the inviting part in Singapore.

Singapore Embassy in IndiaNEW DELHI

Singapore EmbassyE-6 Chandragupta Marg

Chanakyapuri,110021New Delhi India

Phone+91-11-4600-0800

Fax+91-11-4601-6413

Email-singhc_del@sgmfa.gov.sg

Website URL-http://www.mfa.gov.sg/newdelhi

JAPAN CUSTOMSFree import of: 1. Tobacco products (for passengers 20 years of age or older):a. residents:- 200 cigarettes;- 50 cigars;- 250 grammes of tobacco; - 250 grammes of a combination thereof;- An additional equal quantity of Japanese made tobacco articles, acquired duty free outside Japan, may be imported.b. non-residents: twice the amounts in 1.a. above;2. Alcohol (passengers 20 years or older): 3 bottles of alcoholic beverages (of about 0.750 litre each).3. Perfume: 2 ounces.4. Gifts and souvenirs: up to JPY 200,000.-.Import Allowed: hunting guns, air guns and swords, provided holding a permit issued by the National Public Safety Commission;2. Narcotics.3. Obscene or inhuman films, materials, pictures, publications.4. Counterfeit money.5. All plants and vegetables with soil.6. Most fresh fruits, vegetables, plants or parts of plants (vines, leaves, roots, etc.). Passenger must submit notice to customs authorities if importing or exporting cash/cheques/securities equivalent to JPY 1 million or more;Currency exchange rate is followed by what Japanese customs publish in custom area;Declaration forms are provided at custom area;Gold with more than 90 percent in purity should be reported to the authorities if importing or exporting over 1 kilogram.Currency Import regulations:Local currency (Japanese Yen - JPY) and foreign currencies: unlimited.Currency Export regulations:Local currency (Japanese Yen - JPY) and foreign currencies: unlimited. Money exchange must be made at an authorised bank or money changer.

SINGAPORE CUSTOMSPassengers of 18 years of age or older, having been outside Singapore for at least 48 hours prior to arrival: Free import of: spirits, wine and beer not exceeding 1 litre each; or 2 litres of wine and 1 litre of beer; or 1 litre of wine and 2 litres of beer.Free import of other goods, gifts, souvenirs and foods for stays outside Singapore of less than 48 hours: SGD 150.-; or for stays outside of Singapore of 48 hours or more: SGD 600.-.Food items for personal consumption are permitted. However, certain foods are prohibited or controlled depending on county of origin and may be limited to a maximum amount or weight. Detailed information can be found at www.ava.gov.sgFree import of liquor products is not allowed if arriving from Malaysia. Exempt are passengers coming from a third country transiting in Malaysia, who did not enter Malaysia.Prohibited: chewing gum (except oral dental and medicated gum approved by Health Sciences Authority (HSA)); chewing tobacco and imitation tobacco products (including electronic cigarettes); controlled drugs and psychotropic substances; endangered animals and their by-products; firecrackers; obscene articles and materials; reproduced materials infringing copyright.All tobacco products must be delared on arrival as they are subject to tax and duty. Any chewing gum must also be declared to ensure that it is HSA approved. Failure to declare may result in fine or imprisonment.Currency Import regulations:Local currency (Singapore Dollar-SGD) and foreign currencies: no limit. However, amounts exceeding SGD 30,000.- (or equivalent)(incl. traveller cheque, bearer cheque, bill of exchange, promissory note) should be declared on arrival.Currency Export regulations:Local currency (Singapore Dollar-SGD) and foreign currencies: no limit. However, amounts exceeding SGD 30,000.- (or equivalent)(incl. traveller cheque, bearer cheque, bill of exchange, promissory note) should be declared on departure.

Currency of Japan:- Japanese Yen

Currency of Singapore:-Singapore Dollar

DANGEROUS GOODS NOY TO BE CARRIED INSIDE THE AIRCRAFT

Travel InsuranceTravel Insurance is a cover for the risks you might face in your trip, overseas or domestic. Typically,it covers death,personal accidents,

medical expences,repatriation,loss/delay of checked baggage,passport loss and third party liability.

One usually travels for two reasons-pleasure or business. You do not want anything to ruin your hard earned holiday or your crucial

business meetings.But there is a possibility of some unexpected occurrence no matter how perfect the planning is. Unfortunate events

such as baggage loss,passport loss, a medical emergency or an accident can affect you. Having Travel Insurance protect you from all such perils. It ensures that in the unknown foreign land you are not

left stranded in any kind of an emergency.

HOW TO CARRY A PET IN JAPANDogs and Cats: the Animal Quarantine Bureau of Japan must be notified at least 40 days prior to arrival of pet in Japan, to obtain an "Approval of Inspection of Animals".A pet must:- Be fitted with a microchip (If not conforming to ISO Standard 11784 / 11785, a microchip reader must be provided);- Have been kept, for the past 180 days, since birth or since bringing out of Japan, in the designated regions (see below), or regions with no case of rabies in the past two years;- Show no clinical sign of rabies, (leptospirosis for dogs) immediately before departure.Designated Regions: Australia, Fiji, Guam, Iceland, Hawaii and New Zealand.

Birds: A written notification of importation must be submitted after arrival to the quarantine station responsible for airport of entry. The notification form should be accompanied by the following:- certificate issued by the government authorities of the exporting country or a certified copy thereof (a photocopy is not acceptable);- identification of the consignee;- copy of the airway bill concerning importation of the birds.

HOW TO CARRY A PET IN SINGAPORE1. Passengers arriving with pets must obtain, at least 30 days prior to arrival:- an Import Licence from the Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore (AVA). - acceptance for quarantine space in Sembawang Animal Quarantine station (SAQS) for cats/dogs from countries other than Australia, Cayman Isl., Denmark, Hong Kong (SAR China), Iceland, Ireland (Rep.), Japan, Liechtenstein, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, USA (Hawaii and Guam only) and United Kingdom. ;Passengers must notify the Changi Animal and Plant Quarantine (CAPQ) of the AVA of the following details, at least 5 working day before arrival at Changi International Airport: passengers name and local contact number; date and time of arrival; import permit number; whether pet is traveling as accompanied baggage or manifested cargo.2. Cats/dogs directly imported from Australia, Cayman Isl., Denmark, Hong Kong (SAR China), Iceland, Ireland (Rep.), Japan, Liechtenstein, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, USA (Hawaii and Guam only) and United Kingdom require an Airline Declaration, a copy of which must be attached to the container. Page 2 of the declaration must be completed if the seal of the container has been broken. 3. A Transhipment Licence from AVA must be obtained when transiting pets via Singapore.

Introduction of Passport

A passport is a travel document, usually issued by the government of a nation, that certifies the identity and nationality of its holder for the purpose of international travel.[1] Standard passports contain the holder's name, place and date of birth, photograph, signature, and

other identifying information. Passports are moving towards including biometric information embedded in a microchip embedded in the document, making them machine-readable and

difficult to counterfeit. A passport specifies nationality, but not necessarily the place of residence of the passport holder. A passport holder is normally entitled to enter the country that issued the passport, though some people entitled to a passport may not be full citizens with right of abode. A

passport is a document certifying identity and nationality; having the document does not of itself grant any rights, such as protection by the consulate of the issuing country, although

it may indicate that the holder has such rights. Some passports attest to status as a diplomat or other official, entitled to rights and privileges such as

immunity from arrest or prosecution,[1] arising from international treaties

Different Types of Passports in India

Ordinary / Regular Passport: The ordinary/ regular passport is issued to general citizens of India for ordinary travel purposes such as for doing jobs in other countries, for studies abroad and for business trips. This is a Type “P” passport  where P stands for personal. It has a deep Blue Cover & has 36 pages or 60 pages.

Diplomatic Passport: A diplomatic passport is a passport which is issued to someone who must travel internationally on official duty abroad. Diplomatic passports are classically given to diplomats, consuls, top ranking government officials and diplomatic couriers when they are posted overseas, and they may be issued to other people within the government as well, depending on the circumstances.Usually applications for Diplomatic & Official passports are entertained only at the Consular, Passport and Visa (CPV) Division, Patiala House, New Delhi. But, you can also apply at the Passport Office (regional passport office) attached to your present residential address, if you live in outside the National Capital Region.This is a Type “D” passport  where D stands for Diplomat. It has a Maroon Cover.

Official Passport: An official passport is a passport which is issued to someone who has to travel internationally on official state business (on Government work). These passports are issued mainly to people who should travel, rather than to people who are being assigned or posted outside the country. This is a Type “S” passport  where S stands for Service. It has a White Cover.

LO:-4

Day To Day ItineraryDay 1- Departure from Kolkata(Netaji Shubhash Chandra Bose Airport). Arrival to Singapore(Singapore Changi Airport) where our representative will be waiting at the airport to welcome you and transfer you to your Hotel(Hotel Windsor).After checking into the hotel rest for sometimes and in the evening go for shopping.Day 2-After early breakfast go by car for sight seeing to places like •National Orchid Garden•Cloud Forest and •Singapore Botanic Gardens.Day 3-After early breakfast go for sight seeing to places like•Gardens By The Bay•Singapore Zoo and •Waterfront Promenade.Day 4-After early breakfast check-out of your hotel and go by Cable Car to Sentosa Island.On arrival at the Hotel (Movenpick Heritage Hotel Sentosa).You will be welcomed with a welcome drink. After chech-in to your hotel rest for sometime and in the evening go for shopping.

Day 5-After early breakfast go for sight seeing to places like•Skyline Luge Sentosa,•Wings of Time and •Marine Life Park.Day 6-After early breakfast go for sight seeing to places like•Resorts World Sentosa,•Sentosa Boardwalk and •Tanjong Beach.Day 7-After early breakfast check-out of the hotel and go to the airport to board a flight for Tokyo(Narita International Airport) wher our representative will be waiting at the airport to welcome you and transfer you to your hotel (Tokyo Marriot Hotel). After checking into your hotel rest for sometime and go for shopping.Day 8-After early breakfast go for sight seeing to places like•Tokyo Skytree,•Tokyo Imperial Palace and •Tokyo Disneysea.Day 9-After early breakfast go for sight seeing to places like•Tokyo Disneyland,•Hamarikyu Garden and •Tokyo National Museum.

Day 10-After early breakfast check out of your hotel and go by car to Osaka.On arrival at the hotel(Hotel Vista Premio Dojima) you will be welcome with a welcome drink and after check-in to your hotel rest for sometimes and in the evening go for shopping.Day 11-After early breakfast go by car for sight seeing to places like- •Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan,•Tempozan Ferris Wheel and •Osaka Castle Park.Day 12-After early breakfast go for sight seeing to places like•National Museum of Art,•Tennoji Park and •Osaka Science Museum.Day 13-After early breakfast check-out of the hotel and go by car to the airport to board a flight for your home country. Return to your home country with fond memories of your journey.

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