Sulphuric Acid-H2SO4

Teo Keane 102(25)

Outline

• Production of sulphuric acid• What is sulphuric acid?• Chemical properties• Main uses

- Fertilisers- Production of acids

Outline

• Production of sulphuric acid

• What is sulphuric acid?

• Chemical properties

• Main uses

- Fertilisers

- Production of acids

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Top Chemical Produced in US

Based on Year 2000 data from http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/CHEMWEEK/sulf&top/sulf&top.html

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Production of sulphuric acid

1. Sulphur is heated and mixed with air, forming sulphur dioxide gas.

Sulphur + oxygen sulphur dioxide

2. Sulphur dioxide is mixed with more air, forming sulphur trioxide.

Sulphur dioxide + oxygen sulphur trioxide

Sulphur dioxide structure

Sulphur trioxide structure

Production of sulphuric acid

3. Sulphur trioxide is mixed with water, forming sulphuric acid

Sulphur trioxide + water sulphuric acid

Outline

• Production of sulphuric acid

• What is sulphuric acid?

• Chemical properties

• Main uses

- Fertilisers

- Production of acids

What is sulphuric acid?•Molecular formula-H2SO4

•Viscous and oily

•Clear, colourless, odorless

•One of the cheapest acids in the world-roughly USD $90 per tonne

• Widely-used

•About 170 000 000 tonnes produced each year

HydrogenOxygen

Sulphur

Outline

• Production of sulphuric acid

• What is sulphuric acid?

• Chemical properties

• Main uses

- Fertilisers

- Production of acids

Chemical properties

• Density: 1.84g/cm3, liquid

• Melting point: 10oC, 283K, 50oF

• Boiling point: 337oC, 610K, 639oF

• Miscible - able to ‘dissolve’ in water

• pH: 0.3

Outline

• Production of sulphuric acid

• What is sulphuric acid?

• Chemical properties

• Main uses

- Fertilisers

- Production of acids

Main uses

• Fertilisers (ammonium sulphate, super phosphate of lime)

• Various acids (hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid)

• Industrial products (plastics, cellophanes, dyes, disinfectants, glue)

• TNT (tri-nitro-toluene)• Electrolyte in lead-acid batteries

Outline

• Production of sulphuric acid

• What is sulphuric acid?

• Chemical properties

• Main uses

- Fertilisers

- Production of acids

Fertilisers

• 30% of sulphuric acid produced each year used for fertilisers

Two main types:• Making ammonium

sulphate-(NH4)2SO4

• Making superphosphate fertilizer

Ammonium sulphate fertiliser

• White crystalline salt form

• May have an acidic effect on soil

• Should be used in soils with high pH

Superphosphate fertilisers•Fully water soluble

•Can be applied to all types of soil

•Most gardeners are familiar with this fertiliser

Three types:

•Single superphosphate

•Dicalcium superphosphate

•Triple superphosphate

Outline

• Production of sulphuric acid

• What is sulphuric acid?

• Chemical properties

• Main uses

- Fertilisers

- Production of acids

Producing acids

Sulphuric acid is used to make different types of acids, like phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.

Production of phosphoric acid

Tricalcium phosphate is extracted from phosphate rocks and mixed with sulphuric acid to form phosphoric acid and calcium sulphate.

Ca3(PO4)2+3H2SO4 2H3PO4 + 3Ca(SO4)

Phosphate rock

Phosphoric acid

Sulphuric acidPhosphoric acid

Production of hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is produced when sodium chloride (NaCl) is mixed with sulphuric acid.

2NaCl + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HCL

Sodium chloride

Sulphuric acidHydrochloric acid

Bibliography

• Baxamusa, B. N. (2010, April 05). Sulfuric acid uses. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/sulfuric-acid-uses.html

• Wikipedia.org. (2012, March). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid

• DKL Engineering, Inc. (n.d.). Market and cost information . Retrieved from http://www.sulphuric-acid.com/sulphuric-acid-on-the-web/Market-Info.htm

• Sulfuric acid. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/CHEMWEEK/sulf&top/sulf&top.html

Bibliography

• bscstriplescience. (2008). C3.4.12 why is sulphuric acid so important?. Retrieved from http://bscstriplescience.wikispaces.com/file/view/C3_4_12

• (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/ymiecjpt/product-detailrbWxtvSEIfpL/China-Single-Super-Phosphate-SSP-Fertilizer.html

• (2006). Retrieved from http://www.landscape-and-garden.com/garden-soil/fertilizer-types.aspx

• (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.nelsonthornes.com/secondary/science/scinet/scinet/reaction/indust/h2so41.htm

Bibliography

• Production of phosphoric acid. Retrieved from http://www.efma.org/documents/file/bat/BAT%20Production%20of%20Phosphoric%20Acid.pdf

• Hydrochloric acid. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch08/final/c08s06.pdf