Suggested business plan format
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Transcript of Suggested business plan format
SUGGESTED BUSINESS PLAN FORMAT(Writing a Winning Business Plan) 1. INTRODUCTION
There are at least a hundred business plan formats. You may wish to use any one of them. However, for our purpose, you are enjoined to follow the suggested (prescribed) business format to test the understanding of various entrepreneurial and other business concepts taught in the classroom.
The business plan is a story of how you intend to put up a business that will be communicated to investors, business partners, lenders, regulators and employees. It is a documentation of the plan, and a communication tool.
2. PARTS OF THE BUSINESS PLAN (from Trilogy of Enterprise)
I. The BusinessA. Business Concept and Business ModelB. Business Goals : VMOKRAPI (Vision, Mission, Objectives, key Result Areas, Performance Indicators [Metrics]) C. Business Offering and Justification
II. Executive SummaryIII. Business Proponents : Type, Capabilities and ContributionIV. Primary Target market and Main Value PropositionV. Market Analysis, Potential Sales, Realistic Sales, Market Share, Estimate based on
External Analysis:MAKRO Market – PESTELMICRO (industry) Market – Customer, Location, Competition
VI. The Product and Service Offering(Concept, Design, Alpha Testing, Beta Testing, Evaluation)
VII. Enterprise Delivery System; Business Strategy and Competitiveness in relation to its Objectives (Desired Results / Outcome)
VIII. Financial Forecast: ROI, ROE, Contingencies1. PnL2. Cash Flow3. Balance Sheet
IX. Compliance with RegulatorsX. Exit Strategy / Contingencies
FURTHER NOTESI. Business Concept, Model, Goals, and Offering1. Business Concept
It is the idea or abstraction of the product offering to a targeted customer group. It must be brilliant, unique, differentiated and “compelling”. It should be a product of a creative process – not a dry old concept. It must be innovative – NEW!It can’t be a boring business, just like the others, a “me too” business, where everyone can be into. It must be specific while at the same time, not more than 50 words.
X NO NO – We are going to be in the food business, restaurant business
YES! - A floating Japanese restaurant located in a middle of pond with Zen garden- A bar in a tree house high above hills in Metro Manila or within a swimming pool- A restaurant or river boat cruise (as in Lontoc)
X We are in the footwear business
Sandugo Business Concept – “Sandugo crafts ruggedly handsome designed sandals and slippers for adventurers, outdoorsman, construction worker who loves footwear that breathe well and do not wear easily.”
VENTE – “Vente sells trinkets, toy, knuckle cracks and all sets of wearable accessories to parents, teens, boys and girls in highly accessible mall location at one common price, Twenty (Vente Pesos). Vente caters to impulsive buyers and gift given on a budget.” The business concept includes: 1. PTM (Primary Target Market)2. Product / Product feature3. Placement / Channels4. Logic behind a product – why the product satisfies customers’ needs and vice versa. Why the customers need the product. The winning business concept, (which is compelling) is delivered with a punch! The business concept briefly describes the essence of business in simple but powerful way!
2. The Business ModelHow the business intends to make money? It is a combination of various business formula / elements on how the business will be run to make money. Does it possess by factors for success in that business?
The business model has to be dynamic because of competition, costs, customer and revenue pressures. (Please see Alex Osterwalder’s Business Model Canvass)
Basic Questions Answered under Business Model Portion
1. How will the business realize sale revenues and in what form?2. What are the costs, how the costs will be met / managed to assure healthy operating margins, net income. What will drive costs up and how can they be reduced / managed?3. What are the resources and processes needed to make the enterprise competitive and differentiated?4. How will the enterprise obtain the financing to:
1. Finance its growth2. Stay competitive
Recently, seven out of ten businesses tweak their business models to stay competitive and/or to compete in middle market. Previously, in the last 3 decades, strategy is the buzzword. Model – car modelStrategy – how car is built modifiedTactic – how the car is drivenThe statement of business concept and model excites the reader to read more, because its attractive and compelling!
3. The Business Offering – addressed to prospective investors.
1. The Test of Feasibility2. Projected returns / participation by stake holder The business offering should summarize proposed benefits to the stakeholders and the business. Thus, “If we can obtain additional investments loan of P 2,000,000.00 to beef up the working capital, the business sale will increase by P 10,000,000.00 and [ x sale/asset turnover, resulting in additional GP of P2M (assuming 20% GP/Sales ratio)] and P 500,000.00 additional net income or ROE of 25% (for #2). Prior # 2, certain tests of feasibility / risks must be addressed: 1. Marketing Risks / Feasibility2. Cash Flow Risks / Feasibility3. Technical / Execution Risks feasibility (Manageable Execution) # 1, 2 and 3 can be addressed by a compelling value proposition to assure the correct / right amount of captive markets risk. Thus BEP must be established and
using conservative estimate as to whether break even can be achieved, given correct estimate of sales obtained for projected demand and competitive activities. For investors, this portion is the TERM sheet.1. How big is the offering?2. Size of offering for investor3. Nature of debt, convertible debt, bonds, corporate PN, private placement, preferred stocks, common stocks?4. Returns – ROE, ROI, PN rate, conversion, effect of debt to equity conversion.5. Terms, when to redeem6. Pre-termination, if when allowed?7. Security / Security Risks? How are they to be mitigated / addressed?
II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Last to be written, 2 -3 pages and summarizes I, III, IV, V, VI and VII
III. BUSINESS GOALS (VMOKRAPI) Vision, Mission, Objectives, key Result Areas and Performance Indicators
1. VISION – It is a futuristic image of a business expressed in concrete terms over a time
frame. No No: To be the No. 1 ______________. To be the No. 2 ______________. To be the best _______________. Better: To sell P1B in Northern Luzon in 5 years’ time, (2x sales from its present level).
You must be able to chart / graph / picture map that vision. The Vision, as the business concept is, MUST BE COMPELLING!
2. MISSION – The basic purpose for setting up the business. It tells how the business conducts business; its values and philosophies and how it distinguishes itself from other businesses. It details how it satisfies various stakeholders, profit, people and placement and ever how it utilizes technology. It is the cornerstone for running the business.
3. OBJECTIVES – are desired outcome / results of business, inputs, process and marketing setting up plants, purchasing equipment can’t be objectives. Objectives must answer the SMART criteria:
SPECIFICMEASURABLEACHIEVABLE (Doable)REALISTIC (manageable, Capable of being executed)TIMEBOUND
Objectives are the subdivision, cascading down of Vision, Mission.
Four MINIMUM objectives of business (there can be more but for simplicity, the four are more than enough).
1. CUSTOMER OUTCOME - As a business is defined as an entity that creates customers
and-on value for the customers, customer delight and satisfaction is at top of the list of business objectives. Customer satisfaction delight comes first! Customer is satisfied by Q, D, P in that order:
a. QUALITYb. DELIVERYc. PRICE
2. MARKET OUTCOME – customer satisfaction results in trial, repeat sales and more
sales. Market outcome is expressed in terms of sales, market share, % increase in sales, etc.
3. FINANCIAL OUTCOME – More or less sales results in cash Flow, Gross Profit, Net Income, Turn Over, ROI, ROE.
4. JOB GENERATION AND EMPLOYMENT – Continued operation results in more jobs and employment that impacts society and reduces poverty. It may be just a consequence of doing business or deliberately pursued. The level and size of goals are determined by the opportunity screen:
“KAYA BA?” – does the proponent have enough resources and competence to meet the objectives?
“KATUGMA BA?” – is the objective a perfect fit for the proponents motivation / passion?
1. KEY RESULT AREAS
They are subdivision of performance metrics for various objectives. (How the objectives vs. performance will be monitored and measured.Thus: For Customer Outcome:
Customer satisfaction level Customer awareness of product Customer / brand loyalty / recall % of repeat sales % of migration for the brand Number of conversion from prospects to sale
In a hospital, they can be:
Number of patient vs. admission who get well Number of patient who died; who were referred to the hospital Number of repeat patients What they like, don’t like in the hospital
For market outcome
Sales No. Of units / peso value Sales / Region / Outlet Sales / Products / SBU Sales Growth Sales / prospect Sales / Sale personnel / PAX
For Financial Outcome
GP – ENIAT EBITDA Net Income - EBIT Liquidity : Quick Ratio, Current Ratio Cash Flow Leverage ROI, ROE / ROA
2. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
They are the numbers that are spread out for the past and projected into the future at year. They are actual metrics number!
IV. BUSINESS PROPONENTS (ORGANIZATIONS)
Their competencies and cash contributions. It answers the question:1. Who will execute the business concept?2. Can they do it in a successful winning way?
It describes cash and competency contribution of proponents. There are at least four groups involved in the organization of the new enterprise of people in the organizations: 1. Financial backers / mobilizers2. Technology / process holders3. Top management team / Board / Senior managers4. Executives (middle manager, their competencies and experience)
1. FINANCIAL BACKERS / MOBILIZER – Because a new enterprise eats up a lots of
cash at the start, the investors would want to know who else has deep pockets to sustain but out the enterprise. If the reader is technology provider, he would like to know if investors have lines of credit / back up while the enterprise gestates.
2. TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL PROVIDER – Is the technology proven? Does it work? Can the new enterprise absorb the new technology? (Does it have the manpower capacity to absorb high tech).
3. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, THE PARTNERS AND ENTREPRENEUR – Do they have PIC?
a. PASSION – Gut and heart flame of entrepreneurb. INTEGRITY – Do they have high moral character? Are they honest, do they keep
their word?c. COMPETENCE – Do they have sufficient business education, training, expertise
to run the business? Are they determined and will follow through the end? Do they have good judgement, creative and critical thinking? Are they emotionally mature to handle adversities.
4. THE MIDDLE MANAGER – Implementors. They should be capable and good choices in implementing the business concept. For this purpose, the character references and CV of the middle manager must be included. The middle manager/ implementor, answers the manageable risk (execution) of the business concept.
For micro and small enterprises, the 4 groups are bundled into the entrepreneur. A higher degree of self mastery is needed for micro and small enterprise entrepreneur. The entrepreneur is the financier, the boss, the repairman, operator, delivery boy, collector, the book keeper – “LAHAT AKO”. The passion, the integrity and competence of the proponents must be thoroughly discussed.
V. THE PRIMARY TARGET AND THE MAIN VALUE PROPOSITION
This section of BP addresses the marketing risk portion. The business should have enough number of buying customer to absorb costs, and give enough returns for investors. This should contain:1. CUSTOMERS
a.Customer Profile – needs, wants vs. company products and serviceb.Demographics – age, income, religion, occupation, residence, all other
manifestation.c.Psychographics – motivation, preference, lifestyle, attitudes, (internal aspects of
PTM).d.Technographic – degree of expertise of customer in use of product especially if
enterprise is involved in sale of high technology product / service.
2. SIZE AND LOCATION OF PTM1.Secondary data / Are there enough PTM?2.Where are they located?3.Next resort is to resort to first hand research
a. Customer surveyb. Customer observationc. FGD UAI
e.g. Traffic Food Cart
Thru GSM La Tondeña, SMB markets / promote in street dancing Realtors leaflets in mall Casinos pick up players in mall through free shuttle service
3. MAIN VALUE PROPOSITIONIt is the “compelling reason” why a PTM buy the product or service. It has 4 components:
1. Captive Market – community of buyers who desire / buy the products. Thus, debts, credit card for women, loyalty card (SM Advantage, Batang National) or Mercury’s Suki card are ways of capturing a market to buy again.
2. Affordability – the right price for the right quality. The price is competitive versus competitive product. Because it is affordable the customer has no choice except to buy the product.
3. Real Value for the Customer – the product is a perfect fit to customer wants and needs. It could not ask for more. It is superb. The customer is satisfied delighted. With all product benefits and customer service.
4. Uniqueness and Differentiation – the product is a stand out! Quality and delivery are flawless! It is not a me too product service. It could be bankers dozen (13 or 14 pieces). Fresh hot product, exquisite taste, heavenly ambiance. It pampers the customers.
1. To arrive with a market estimate, macro environment change must be quantified. Thus
simply stating RP population in 2011 will be 94 million is meaningless; (there are more females than males in Metro Manila – also meaningless!).
2. Select / prioritize the MACRO opportunity that has direct more impact on the enterprise,
(as verified with existing business result). Thus for many hospitals, there are with greatest input is not life style disease, and morbidity and mortality. But increasing payment for Philhealth and HMO (many hospitals experience Philhealth payments do be at 60 – 70% of total revenues. The one that has greatest impact are OB Gyne, and eye operations admission is not high birth rate, or high incidence of cataract, but generous reimbursement for Philhealth of CS and eye operation.
3. For the Industrya. Identify the various industry segment. E.g. milk – infant formula, diebetics liquid
milk, powdered milk, ready to drink powder. (For electricity generation, transmission, distribution). (For oil industry: exploration, drilling, refinery, distribution, retail).
i. Sales / industry segmentii. GP / industry and attractiveness
b. What is the historical supply and demand?c. What is the forecast – will industry variable remain or change?d. What is the impact of PESTEL on the industry?
4. For the market (specific industry segment)a. What are the major factor affects supply and demand?b. What are the common variables:
i. Common – number of people needing the productii. Variable – sex, age, preferences
5. MICROMARKET – the PTMConcentrate on PTM where you are in. Compare factors for your enterprise.
YOU Major Competitor 1
Major Competitor 2
Major Competitor 3
1. Competitive Advantage
Product
Price
Promotion
Placement
Process
Location
2. Business Model
3. Strategies
4. Technologies
5. Weaknesses
The sales forecast can be derived from potential demand computing for actual demand, subtract competition sales and project a conservative share of the micromarket within the location.
VI. THE PRODUCT (POSITIONING) 1. What is the product / servicea. Feature attributes – real value to customers
uniqueness / differentiation (advantage vs. major competitor) perfect fit to customer needs and wants
b. Price – affordabilityc. Earth / People Friendly –safety / non toxic / non polluting
Recyclable compliant with regulation
2. Testinga. Alpha – in the plant / laboratoryb. Beta – in the market place3. Motivation – compelling reason why customer should buy the product (summary of
MVP).4. Manageable Executiona. Available sales / distribution channel – ease of distribution and selling and costs
attribute to such.b. Ease of promoting / selling the product.
i. Available media for adsii. Sales training / selling effort needed
5. What is the product positioning
VII. ENTERPRISE DELIVERY SYSTEM (SPATRES) - link with VMOKRAPI a. Strategyb. Program to achieve strategic objectivesc. Activitiesd. Taskse. Resources needed to achieve
Strategy is the making the choice of possible options to meet strategic objectives: satisfying customer wants and needs, achieving sale target (and beating competitors) and reaching desired financial outcome covering. a. Correct positioningb. Differentiating for competitors and being unique.c. Defining competitive advantage vs. major competitord. Defining the sustainability of enterprise.
It is using available resource to meet objective (nothing more nothing less).
EDS
INPUTS THROUGHPUTS OUTPUTS MATCHING OUTCOME/RESULTS
MEN PROCESS PRODUCT MARKETING OBJECTIVES
MACHINERY CONTROL SERVICES P'S OF MARKETING
CUSTOMER
MONEY SUPERVISION MARKET
METHODS TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT JOB GENERATION
EMPLOYEE WELFARE
(Defeat competitors delight customers)
1. The EDS should highlight competitive advantage of the enterprise in the competitive landscape (purple cow), or in a market served by competition (blue ocean). The competitive advantage may come from inputs – cheaper better high tech materials, better trained staff, technology used in processing, better products better marketing.
2. Another way of looking at it will be to look at HR, Operations, Finance and Marketing and how the unique, affordable, valuable product will meet customer needs and wants, at an affordable price.
3. Everything results in high customer satisfaction, high sales, better profit, more highly motivated staff and competitiveness of the enterprise.
4. EDS is the longest part of the Business Plan. It must be written in long form. It proves, presents evidence how the enterprise can meet is desired outcomes.
Pasted from <http://profjorgeentrep-jorge.blogspot.com/p/teaching-aids-and-syllabus.html>