INSECT PESTS OF SUGARCANE

Submitted to;Dr. C. Narender reddy,Professor,Dept. of Entomology.

Submitted by;Md. Abdul Malik,ID.No. RAM/16-36.

Insect pests of sugarcane

Insect pest

Scientific name Family Order

EARLY SHOOT BORER Chilo infuscatellus Pyralidae Lepidoptera

INTERNODE BORER

Chilo sacchariphagus indicus Pyralidae

Lepidoptera

TOP BORER Scirpophaga nivella Pyralidae Lepidoptera

BORER COMPLEX

ROOT GRUBHolotrichia

serrata

Melolonthidae Coleoptera

TERMITE Odontotermes obesus Termitidae Isoptera

SUGARCANE SCALE

Melanapis glomerata Diaspididae Hemiptera

SUGARCANE MEALY BUG Ripersia sacchari Pseudococcidae Hemiptera

SUGARCANE LEAF HOPPER Pyrilla perpusilla Lophopidae Hemiptera

WOOLY APHID Ceratobvacuna lanigera Aphididae Hemiptera

WHITE FLY Aleurolobus barodensis Alerodidae Hemiptera

Continued…

SUGARCANE EARLY SHOOT BORER

Larva pupa

adultEgg

Attack 1-3 month old crop and cause Dead heart , which can be easily pulled out.

Rotten portion of the cane coloured dead heart emits an offensive odour.

A number of bore holes at the base of the shoot just above the ground level.

DEAD HEART

ROTTEN BASE WITH HOLE

SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE

INTERNODE BORER

LarvaAdult

Larvae are white with a black head which later become creamy in colour with prominent brown spots

Body bearing stout hairs in each section of the body

Adult moths are yellowish or straw coloured with thin brown lines along the length of the forewings

Hind wings in females are white but slightly darker in males

SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE

Constricted and shortened internodes, with a number of boreholes filled with excreta at nodal region.

Reddening of affected tissues inside the cane.

Fresh borer attack is mostly found in the top five immature internodes and its activity continues till harvest. Multiple holes

with excreta outside

Hole just above the node

SUGARCANE TOP BORER

AdultLarvaEggMilky white mothBrownish tuft of silken hair at the

tip of abdomen

Full grown larva is 25- 30mm

Long creamy white & rather sluggish.

Adult

Dull white elongate eggs

Covered by buff coloured hairs from female anal tuft

SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE

Parallel rows of short holes in the emerging leaves causes a white streak which later turns reddish brownDead heart in grown up canes reddish brown in color which cannot be easily pulled .In tillering phase of the crop, the attacked shoots die, side shoots (tillers) develop producing a bunchy top appearance Bunchy

top

Parallel rows of

short holes

Time of planting

Early planting during December – January to escape the shoot borer incidence.

Manuring Avoid excess use nitrogenus fertilizers. Stalk borer and internode borer.

Trash mulching and earthing up Early shoot borer and Internode borer

Detrashing Internode borer and Stalk borer

Cultural control methodsIPM for Sugarcane borers

EARTHING UP

DETRASHING

MANURING

Use of pheromone traps @ 5/acre for monitoring of adult moths

Removal and destruction of infested cane Early shoot borer

Collection and destruction of eggs Internode borer and Top borer

Cultivation of resistance variety Co 975, Co 46, Co 7304, Co 312, Co 421, Co 661, Co 7706, CO 7005

Irrigation at closer intervals for managing

Practice deep harvesting to destroy stubbles

Early shoot borer

Removal of water shoots to destroy Top shoot borer

Biological control of sugarcane borer

For Early shoot borer :• Trichogramma chilonis

For Internode borer :• Trichogramma chilonis

For Top borer :• Trichogramma chilonis or T. japonicum • Isotima javensis

Release 50,000 Trichogramma sp./ha at 10-20 days interval from July onwards upto October against cane borer complex.

Release of Isotima javensis against 3rd and 4th broods of top borer.

S. inferens

I. javensis

Insecticide and formulation

Dosage Method and time of application

SHOOT BORERChlorpyrifos 20EC 1kg a.i ha -1 (5 litre) Soil drenching at planting

and if need be at 45 days after planting.

Cypermethrin10% EC

260-304 ml in 200-280 l of water/acre

Sprayed around the base of plants at 30days and if need be at 60days after planting.

Fipronil 5%SC 1500-2000 ml/ha Properly sprayed on crop canopy as well as basal part of the plant after 30-45 days of planting

NSKE 5 % 25 Kg/ha Sprayed on soil as well as on crop to prevent larval feeding

Chemical control of sugarcane borer

TOP BORERCarbofuran 3 G or Phorate 10 G

1 kg a.i./ha (33 kg) or 3 kg a.i./ha (30 kg)

Soil application during last week of June or first week of July against third brood of the pest in sub-tropical India.

INTER NODE BORERMonocrotophos 36 SL 3 kg a.i./ha (7.5 lit.)

Both foliar and Soil application during July-August.

Continued…

WHITE GRUB

The eggs are oval creamy white when fresh and later turn to brown in colour

The newly hatched grub is white & scarabaeiform

The pupa is exarate type and pupation takes place in soil

- Generally the adults are lamellate and males being smaller than female.- Dark brown beetles.

SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGEBoth grub and adult cause the damageGrub feeds on fine rootlets and then girdles of the main roots .Yellowing and wilting of leaves and finally dries outAffected canes come off easily when pulled

Cultural Methods Collection and destruction of

adult beetles from host trees. Picking of grubs manually from

field Repeated ploughing & exposing

various stages of grub to their natural enemies.

The use of light trap.Biological Methods Bacillus popillae (Bacteria) Beauveria bassiana (Fungus)

IPM strategy for White grub

Chemical Methods The adult can be

controlled by - Carbaryl 0.1% Monocrotophos

0.05% Chlorpyriphos 0.05%

The grub can be controlled by - Phorate 10 G @25

kg per ha. Carbofuran 3G @35

kg per ha.

(Light trap)

TERMITE Workers attack the newly planted setts and affect germination.

They enter through cut ends of setts & feed on the soft tissue.

The tunnel is filled with the soil. The termites attack setts, shoots,

canes and also stubbles Entire shoot dries up and can

be pulled out easily

SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE

The use of partially decomposed manure should be avoidedLocate and destroy the termite colony near by fieldIrrigation water with crude oil emulsion. The removal of decaying organic matters cow dung,

wood or dry stubbles from the field. Setts treatment with Imidacloprid (0.1%) or

Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.04 % for 5 min. Application of well rotten Neem cake manure @ 60

Cartloads/ ha.Spray Chlorpyriphos 20%EC 750 ml/ha

IPM strategy for Termite

SUGARCANE LEAF HOPPER Pale greenish yellow eggs in clusters Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves,

covered over with a white filamentous waxy material secreted by the female

Newly hatched nymphs are milky white in color

They posses a characteristic feather like processes covered by wax

Adults are straw coloured with wings folded like a roof on the back

Head is prominently drawn forward as a sort of rostrum.

EGG

NYMPH

ADULT

SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE

Adults and the nymphs suck leaf sap from the under surface of the lower leaves.Leaves become yellow, top leaves get dried up and lateral buds germinateHoppers exude honeydew, result the leaves are completely covered by the sooty mould. This affects photosynthesis.

Black sooty mould

Yellowing in leaf

Burn trashes after harvesting canes Remove lower leaves bearing egg cluster. Ratooning should be avoided Balance Nitrogen should be applied. Dust malathion 5% @ 40kg/ha. or Spray malathion 50 EC @ 1.25kga.i./ha. Release of 8,000-12,000 cocoons or 3.2 to 4

lakh eggs of Epiricania melanoleuca per ha. during July-August

Use Metarhizium anisopliae (fungal pathogen)

IPM strategy for Pyrilla

E. melanoleuca

Nymphs and adults feed by sucking the juice and cause shrivelling up and stunting of canes.

Nodal region is more infested than internodal region.

Infested crop losses its vigour, canes shrivel, non-opening of leaves & ultimately cane dries up

Such canes when slit open appear brownish red

SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE

Node

SUGARCANE SCALE

CULTURAL PRACTICE: Stripping of cane leaves may minimize attack Select and plant the scale insect free setts Avoid water stagnation for the longer period Detrash the crop at 150th and 210th day of planting. Give hot water treatment before planting

CHEMICAL CONTROL: Presoak the setts in 0.1% solution Malathion 50 EC Spray 1.25 litres of Malathion 50 EC or 2 litres of

Di-methoate 30 EC in 1250 litres of water per ha Spray methyl demeton 25 EC @ 2ml/lit of water

IPM strategy for Sugarcane Scale

SUGARCANE MEALY BUG

SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE

Pinkish oval insects beneath leaf sheath & on the nodes, with whitish waxy coating.

Nymph and adult suck juice from cane in group & reduces vigour of the plant

It also attack roots Honey dew secretion leads to development of

Sooty mould which gives blackish appearance to canes.

IPM strategy for Sugarcane Mealy bug

Use resistant varieties like CO 439, CO 443, CO 720, CO 730 Drain excess water from the field Detrash the crop on 150 and 210 Days After Planting. Apply methyl parathion 50 EC 1000 ml. Rubbing of setts with gunny bag pieces dipped in Malathion

(0.1% solution.) Biocontrol agentsBrumoides suturalisLeptomastix dactyolopii

B. suturalis L. dactyolopii(Predator)

(Parasitoid)

Nymphs and adultof C. lanigera

Alate (winged) formof C. lanigeraSYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE

Nymphs and adult feed in groups and weaken caneLeaves turn yellow color because of sucking sap by these aphidsSooty mould growth on lower leaves of woolly aphid infested plant.

SUGARCANE WOOLY APHID

( Affected plant leaves )

Removal of water shoots Detrashing of canes in woolly aphid prone areas.

IPM strategy for Sugarcane Woolly Aphid

Dipha aphidivora Micromus igorotus

Biocontrol agents

Syrphid larvae Aphelinus desantisi 

( PREDATORS )

( PARASITOID )

Release of M. igorotus @ 2600 grubs/ha Release of Dipha aphidivora @ 1000 larvae/ha

Soil application of phorate 10G @ 10 kg or carbofuron 3G @ 30 kg /ha in

Foliar application of dimethoate 30 EC @ 0.05% acephate 75 SP @ 0.1% at 15-20 days interval depending on pest

population.

  Synonycha grandis (Thunberg)

 Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius

Coelophora biplagiata (Swartz)

OTHER NATURAL PREDATORS

CHEMICAL CONTROL:

Management

• Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers

• Nymphal parasitoids: Azotus delhiensis

Predators: Chilocorus nigritus Moncrotohphos 36 SL @ 2 lit /ha

REFERENCESAtwal, A.S. 1976. Agricultural Pests of India and South

East Asia. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

Vasantharaj David, B. 2003. Elements of Economic Entomology. Popular Book Depot,Coimbatore.

Vasantharaj David, B and Aanathakrishnan, T.N.. 2006. General and Applied Entomology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing House, New Delhi.