SUGARCAE - · PDF fileSUGARCAE Sugar cane originated in New Guinea where it has been known...
Transcript of SUGARCAE - · PDF fileSUGARCAE Sugar cane originated in New Guinea where it has been known...
SUGARCA�E
Sugar cane originated in New Guinea where it has been known
since about 6000 BC. From about 1000 BC its cultivation
gradually spread along human migration routes to Southeast
Asia and India and east into the Pacific. It is thought to have
hybridised with wild sugar canes of India and China, to
produce the 'thin' canes. It spread westwards to the
Mediterranean between 600-1400 AD.
Sugar cane has a very long history of cultivation in the Indian
sub-continent. The earliest reference to it is in the Atharva
Veda (c. 1500-800 BC) where it is called ikshu and mentioned
as an offering in sacrificial rites. The Atharva Veda uses it as a
symbol of sweet attractiveness [Wikipedia].
As is true in numerous countries, the Government of Pakistan
is seriously involved in the sugar industry, regulating mill
construction, trade and prices, and influencing farmers' crop
decisions in different ways. Single reason for the big
government concern with sugar is the political significance of
the crop. Sugar is also the second most important cash crop in
Pakistan after cotton. Self-sufficiency in sugar is a goal, but
one that to date has proven illusive. The main sugar crop is
sugarcane, but there is a small sugar beet industry in the cooler
high elevations of the Northwest Frontier Province [economic
and social development department].
VALUE WITHIN SUGAR
SUGARCANE
TRANSPORTATION
Pakistan grows about 1 million hectares of sugarcane, more
than all other cane producing countries except Brazil, China,
Cuba, India and Thailand. Cane is also used for non-centrifugal
sugars and seed, so that the amount of land harvested for
centrifugal sugar each year is only about two-thirds of the total.
Sugar cane juice is the national drink of Pakistan where it is
called Roh. It is sold fresh by roadside vendors only, as the
juice begins turning black very quickly due to oxidation. It is
sold in glasses with or without ice [Wikipedia].
The Punjab Province accounts for 60 to 65 percent or about
650 000 ha of the area under sugarcane. Rice, cotton, and
sunflowers are major competitors for land use among farmers
in that province. Other producing areas include the Sind
Province which accounts for 25 to 30 percent of sugarcane
land, the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) about 10
percent, and Baluchistan which accounts for less than 1
percent. In Sind Province, cotton, wheat, rice, and sunflower
are alternative crops, and the growing of bananas is becoming
more popular. Due to higher yields, the share of Sind Province
in total sugar production is about 40 percent [economic and
social development department].
SUGARCANE SOWING
GURR PRODUCTION
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SUGAR CANE VARAITIES
SPF 26, SPF 234, CPF 237, THATTA 10, SPSG 26, SHF 240, SHF 242,
SHF 232, CP 851491, SH 12 F0 MALAKAND 16.
PIT RING PIT SOWING
SUGARCANE SEED
SUGAR CANE FERTILIZATION
Nitrogen (urea) 5 bags
Phosphorous (DAP) 3 bags
S.O.P 2 bags
Zinc 2 bags
DISEASES IN SUGAR CANE
Red rot, Whip smut, Mosaic, Rust, Red stripe, Hel minthosporium,
Leaf spot, Pokkah boeng and Brown strip.
DISEASES (BORER)
Top borer, Stem borer, Root borer, Gurdaspur borer, Termites,
Sugarcane pyrilla, Black bugs, white fly
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Trichograma, Epi-pyroper, Egg parasite, Crysoperla
CHEMICAL CONTROL
Thimate, Carbofuran etc
SUGAR CANE SOWING
� Period of sowing is October and spring February.
� Seed rate 80 to 100 muns per acre
� Distance between channels 2.5 to 3 feet.
� Treat the seed before sowing with fungicide.
Bio-control
Field experiments showed that
egg parasitoids, Trichogramma
spp. and predator, Chrysoperla
carnea were very effective and
useful for the control of major
insect pests of cotton i.e.
American, Pink and spotted
bollworms and borers and
Pyrilla of sugarcane. Large
field trials against these pests
covering hundreds of acres of
different farmers have been
conducted. Farmers have
reduced the number of
insecticide applications and
saved the considerable cost of
insecticide inputs.
For laboratory rearing of
American and Pink bollworms,
Chrysoperla carnea, and
Bracon species low cost
artificial diets have been
formulated that are very
favorable for the development
and vigour of these insects.
Many insecticides, host plants,
Bt toxins and beneficial insects
have been screened and tested
under bioassay studies
[Nuclear Institute for
Pit Ring Pit Sowing Sugarcane at Magsi Farms
KhesanMori Sindh
Ring-pit plantation can double sugarcane yield. The losses
faced by sugar mills mean increasing arrears of payments to
sugarcane growers. This is leading to farmers quitting
sugarcane, causing concern to mills. The only way out of this
seems reduction in the cost of production.
A revolutionary method of sugarcane plantation that can make
cost-reduction possible was developed in the 1980s by the
Scientists. People have found it hard to believe that the yield
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Agriculture and Biology,
Faisalabad, Pakistan].
could be increased two or three times by adopting the ring-pit
method. It decided to conduct field trials to establish the facts.
Although it was late for planting, the experiment was still
carried out on several plots in Punjab India.
The results showed that under the ring-pit method, an average
of 474 qt/acre was achieved as against the 250 of the
conventional method. One has to keep in mind that the data
was only for a nine-month-old crop, which means there is
scope for an even higher yield.
The method is dependent on mother shoots, i.e., zero tillering,
and the total number of millable canes per acre. Under the
system, around 2700 pits per acre are made. Thirty mother
shoots are allowed to develop into millable canes of 1.25-1.75
kg each. This can give a yield of 800-1100 qt/acre if the
recommended package of practices is adopted.
For FurtherDetails: Contat: Mr Sajad Shah Rashdi +92-300-
8370266 or Mr Shabir Shah Rashdi:0333-2840774
MARKET REPORTS FEATURED
ARTICLES
Pakistan Sugar Annual Report 2010
Pakistan's MY 2010/11 sugar production is forecast at 3.77
million metric tons (MMT), up 10 percent from last year
estimate of 3.42 MMT, according to the USDA Foreign
Agricultural Service. Consumption is forecast at 4.28 MMT
and imports at 700,000 tons. The GOP is considering a tax
holiday for companies that process sugar beets. The sugar
industry in Pakistan continued to deal with uncertainty in CY
2009 due to decreasing sugar production and a lack of
coordinated government policy.
Pakistan’s MY 2010/11 (Oct/Sept) total sugar production is
forecast at 3.77 MMT, an increase of 10 percent over last
year’s estimate. The increase is largely driven by higher prices
and a strong demand. Despite efforts to achieve self-
sufficiency, Pakistan remains a net importer of sugar. In MY
2009/10 sugar imports are forecast at 1.03 million tons and
700,000 tons in MY 2010/11. Sugar consumption in MY
2009/10 is expected to decrease 50,000 tons due to limited
TRICHOGRAMMA
SUGAR MILL
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sugar supplies and price increases. Sugar consumption in MY
2010/11 is forecast at 4.28 MMT.
PRODUCTION POLICY
The Federal government generally does not procure sugarcane,
but it authorizes provincial governments to fix respective
sugarcane prices in consultation with representatives of both
the sugar industry and farmer organizations. For MY 2010/11,
none of the cane producing states; Punjab and Sindh, increased
sugarcane prices.
To assist sugar processors in the economic downturn, the
Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MINFA) and the Ministry
of Industries and Production are in consultation with the
Pakistan Sugar Mills Association (PSMA) to finds ways of
making sugar operations run more efficiently. The sugar
industry is also searching for opportunities to develop value
added by-products, reducing costs, and promoting cultivation
of high sucrose cane. The GOP is also considering PSMA’s
proposal to use sugarcane in electricity production.
LIST OF MILLS (PAKISTAN SUGAR MILLS
ASSOCIATION ISLAMABAD)
Mill's �ame Location / District
Punjab
Abdullah Sugar Mills Limited Depalpur / Okara
Abdullah (Shahpur) Sargodha / Sargodha
Adam Bahawalnagar /
Bahawalnagar
Ashraf Sugar Mills Limited Ashrafabad /
Bahawalpur
Baba Farid Sugar Mills Limited Okara / Okara
Brothers Sugar Mills Limited Chunian / Kasur
Chanar Sugar Mills Limited Faisalabad
Chaudhry Sugar Mills Limited Toba Tek Singh
Chishtia Sugar Mills Limited Sargodha
Colony Sugar Mills Limited
(Phalia) Mandi Bahauddin
Colony Sugar Mills Limited (Mian
Channu, Punjab) Khanewal
Crescent Sugar Mills Limited Faisalabad
Etihad Sugar Mills Limited Rahim Yar Khan
Fatima Sugar Mills Limited Muzaffargarh
Fecto Sugar Mills Limited Bhakkar
Gojra Samundri Sugar Mills
Limited Faisalabad
Gunj Bakhsh Sugar Mills Limited
(Pasrur) [�ot Operating] Sialkot
Hamza Sugar Mills Limited Rahim Yar Khan
Haq Bahu Sugar Mills Limited Jhang
Haseeb Waqas Sugar Mills Limited Nankana Sahib
(Sheikhupura)
Huda (Fauji) Sugar Mills Limited Nankana Sahib
(Sheikhupura)
Hunza Sugar Mills Limited Faisalabad
Husein Sugar Mills Limited Faisalabad
Indus Sugar Mills Limited Rajan Pur
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Ittefaq Sugar Mills Limited PakPattan
JDW Sugar Mills Limited Rahim Yar Khan
JDW-II (United) Sugar Mills
Limited Rahim Yar Khan
Kamalia Sugar Mills Limited Toba Tek Singh
Kashmir Sugar Mills Limited Jhang
Kohinoor Sugar Mills Limited Khushab
Layyah Sugar Mills Limited Layyah
Madina Sugar & Chemicals (Pvt)
Ltd Jhang
Macca Sugar Mills Limited Kasur
National Sugar Industries Limited Sargodha
Noon Sugar Mills Limited Sargodha
Safina Sugar Mills Limitd (Pharian
Wali) Jhang
Pattoki Sugar Mills Limited Kasur
Ramzan Sugar Mills Limited Jhang
RYK Sugar Mills Limited Rahim Yar Khan
Shahtaj Sugar Mills Limited Mandi Bahauddin
Shakarganj Mills Limited - I Jhang
Shakarganj Mills Limited - II Bhone
Sheikhoo Sugar Mills Limited Muzaffargarh
Tandlianwala Sugar Mills Limited
Unit - I Faisalabad
Tandlianwala Sugar Mills Limited
Unit - II Muzaffargarh
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Al-Moiz Sugar Mills Limited Dera Ismail Khan
Chashma Sugar Mills Limited Dera Ismail Khan
Chashma Sugar Mills Limited
Expansion Dera Ismail Khan
Frontier Sugar Mills Limited [�ot
Operating] Mardan
Khazana Sugar Mills Limited Peshawar
Premier Sugar Mills Limited Mardan
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Tandlianwala Sugar Mills Limited
(Zamand) Dera Ismail Khan
Bannu Sugar Mills Limited Bannu
Sindh
Al-Abbas Sugar Mills Limited Mirpurkhas
Abdullah Shah Ghazi Sugar Mills
Limited (Al-Asif) Thatta
Al-Noor Sugar Mills Limited Nawabshah
Ansari Sugar Mills Limited Tando Muhammad
Khan
Army Welfare Sugar Mills Limited Badin
Bawany Sugar Mills Limited Badin
Dewan Sugar Mills Limited
(Khoski) Thatta
Digri Sugar Mills Limited Mirpurkhas
Faran Sugar Mills Limited Hyderabad
JDW-III Sugar Mills Limited
(Ghotki) Ghotki
Habib Sugar Mills Limited Nawabshah
Khairpur Sugar Mills Limited Khairpur
Larr Sugar Mills Limited Thatta
Matiari Sugar Mills Limited Hyderabad
Mehran Sugar Mills Limited Hyderabad
Mirpurkhas Sugar Mills Limited Mirpurkhas
Mirza Sugar Mills Limited Tappo Badin
Najma Sugar Mills Limited Mirpurkhas
Naudero Sugar Mills Limited Larkana
New Dadu Sugar Mills Limited Dadu
Pangrio Sugar Mills Limited Badin
Ranipur Sugar Mills Limited Khairpur
Sakrand Sugar Mills Limited Nawabshah
Sanghar Sugar Mills Limited Sanghar
Seri Sugar Mills Limited Hyderabad
Shahmurad Sugar Mills Limited Thatta
Sindh Abadgar's Sugar Mills Hyderabad
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Limited
TMK Sugar Mills Limited Hyderabad
SGM Sugar Mills Limited (Sardar
Ghulam Mohammad)
Tharparkar Sugar Mills Limited Mirpurkhas
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