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SUFAG® Automatic control system

Manual Hardware

AUTOMATIC CONTROL UNIT RCS3000 FOR SNOWGUN

Version 01/2013

PREAMBLE

Automatic control system RCS3000

Details for this documentation This description applies exclusively to qualified personnel of the control- and automation technology which are familiar with the prevailing national norms. It is required to notice the following instructions and explanations for installation and startup of the components.

Liability The responsible staff must ensure that the use of the described products satisfy all safety requirements, including any applicable laws, regulations and standards. This documentation was created carefully. The products described are, however, constantly developed. Reason the documentation is not in every case checked for consistency with performance data. None of the statements contained in this manual represents a guarantee within the meaning of § 443 of the BGB or a statement about the expected fitness for a particular purpose in the meaning of § 434 paragraph 1 sentence 1 No. 1 BGB. If it contains technical or editorial errors, we retain the right to make changes at any time without notice. From the information, illustrations and descriptions in this documentation no claims on already been supplied products may be made. © This documentation is protected by copyright. Any reproduction or third party use of this publication, in whole or in part, without our explicit written permission is prohibited. Windows XP

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® and Microsoft Excel

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Microsoft Corporation MySQL

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® is a registered trademark of the SUFAG GmbH.

© Copyright SUFAG Sport- und Freizeitanlagen GmbH. A- 6921 Kennelbach Version 01/2013 15.05.2013 File RCS3000SE_BA_13_E

SAFETY FOR HANDLING OF SNOWGUNS


Safety regulations The responsible staff must ensure that the application or use of the products described satisfy all safety requirements, including any applicable laws, regulations, codes and standards.

Delivery status All the components will be supplied depending on the application, in particular hardware and software configurations. Changes to hardware or software configurations that are beyond the documentation are not permitted, and nullify the liability of SUFAG GmbH.

Qualification of personnel This description is only intended for trained service personnel who are familiar with the applicable national standards.

Description of safety symbols In this manual, the following symbols are used. They are intended to alert the reader to the text of all adjacent safety instructions.

Danger This symbol is intended to highlight risks for the life or health of personnel.

Warning This symbol is intended to highlight risks for equipment, materials or the

environment.

Advice This symbol indicates information that contributes to better understanding.

Documentation This symbol indicates that the product described above is available in a

separate document.



Safety instructions for the electrical system:

Dangerous electric voltages may exist within electrical power or control lines which can cause lethal accidents. In addition to generally applicable basic regulations the following rules must be observed for any servicing or maintenance work: o Periodically check power connections visually (cables and connectors). In

case of visible damages these parts must be replaced immediately. o Always disconnect power supply from the snowgun before starting any

service or maintenance works and secure it against inadvertent reconnecting.

o In case of malfunctions call in an expert. Problems resulting either from malfunctions of the machine or within the installation must be solved before starting the snowgun again.

o Except for normal maintenance works such as checking the connections

and the cables, all modifications or replacements on the electric control system must be done by qualified personnel only.

Safety regulations for the hydraulic system:

The maximum operating pressure of the snowgun is 40 bar (560 PSI). This pressure causes high mechanical forces which may cause injury in case of defects. When connecting the machine to the water supply, the following must be observed: o Use only hoses and couplings rated for this operating pressure. Ordinary

fire hoses are not suitable for snowmaking installations. o As with the cables, the hoses and couplings should also be checked

periodically in order to eliminate defective parts immediately. Since modern hoses are double-layered, even a hose which is still not leaking on the outside may be defective.

o Defective hoses should only be repaired by a company which is specialized in this field and experienced with hoses of this pressure rating. During operation a force of up to 800 kg (1800 lbs) is applied where the hose is connected to the coupling, therefore appropriate know-how is required for connecting the coupling.

o Never try to open a frozen hose with pressure water. The accumulation of ice in the hose could cause damage at the snowgun (valve block, water filter, etc.).

o Never apply pressure to a hose which is connected at one side only. Pressure thrusts can cause radial forces which may result in injuries.

o Always roll up hoses for transport and put them on the floor of a grooming vehicle – never drag hoses behind a groomer (snowcat) or a skidoo.



Additional safety instructions:

o A snowmaking installation may not be operated by a single person. In case of an accident another person must be available to organize rescue or recovery.

o Wear functional clothing and avoid loose ribbons, scarves, etc. Such parts can easily enter into the inlet area of the fan and cause injuries.

o Protect your eyes in case of removing ice from the nozzle ring or from the inlet protection grille of the fan.

o Place the machine on the slope as level as possible, in order to ease handling. Pay attention to the maximum inclination, in a worst case the snowgun can flip over.

o For machines on tripods, extend the supporting feet before placing them on the slope. In the terrain align the base frame with the supporting feet horizontally. A maximum decline of the base frame of 20° corresponds to a maximum incline of the hill of 40° (84%).

o For machines on wheels, extend the wheels before placing them on the slope. For transport with the carrying device the snowgun must be additionally secured with a chain to the blade of the groomer. Secure the machine in the terrain with fixing jacks. A maximum decline of the base frame of 35° corresponds to a maximum incline of the hill of 35° (70%).

Protection of other people:

Beside your own protection during the operation of the snowgun you should also pay attention to the protection of your customers: o Transport the snowgun only with vehicles appropriate for such purpose.

Before each transport check the trailing device of the trailing vehicle as well as the trailer coupling of the snowgun. Ensure the proper function of the safety catch at the trailing device. Additionally secure the machine with a chain during transport.

o Transportation of the guns should be done during the morning or evening hours, when only few or no skiers are on the slope.

o When placing the machine make sure that it is visible for the skiers from a safe distance. Consider the placement not only while the machine is operating but also during standstill periods.

o Make sure that both the area around the machine and the area of the power and water supply are safe during skiing time.

o Make sure that hoses and cables are not crossing slopes where skiers

pass. When crossed by steel edges of the skis, they will inevitably be damaged.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


1 Components of the automatic system 1.1 Benefits of the automation 8 1.2 Control unit for snowguns 9 1.3 Hydrant drive 10 1.4 Control unit for lances 10 1.5 Data transmission / Visual display software 10 1.6 Weather station 11 1.7 Integration of pump- and compressor stations 11

2 Technical data 2.1 Performance characteristics of the control unit 12 2.2 Technical data of operating unit RCS3000CPU 13 2.3 Technical data of I/O card RCS3000 IO 13 2.4 Sensors analogue value 14 2.5 Terminal assignment of control unit RCS3000CPU 15 2.6 Terminal assignment of I/O card RCS3000 IO 15 2.7 Maintenance 17 2.8 Disposal 18

3 Operation of the machine 3.1 Control elements 19 3.2 Control by switches 19 3.3 Control via panel 20 3.4 Manual mode 21 3.5 Automatic mode 22 3.6 Special features 24

4 Control unit snowgun 4.1 Components of the control unit 26 4.2 Displayed data AUTO and MAN 27 4.3 Additional information of the display 30

5 Settings parameter Setup 5.1 General information 31 5.2 Task menu Basic 31 5.3 Task menu Set 32 5.4 Task menu Units 34 5.5 Task menu Chart 35 5.6 Task menu Hydrant 1 35 5.7 Task menu Hydrant 2 38 5.8 Task menu Feature 38 5.9 Task menu System 40 5.10 Task menu Reset 41

TABLE OF CONTENTS


6 Information Menu Service 6.1 General information 43 6.2 Simulation 43 6.3 Fault memory 43 6.4 Statistics 44 6.5 Digital Inputs 44 6.6 Digital Outputs 44 6.7 Analogue Inputs 45 6.8 Analogue Correction 45 6.9 Analogue Adjustment 45 6.10 Communication Port 46 6.11 Communication Test 47 6.12 Password 47 6.13 Technics 47

7 Error search and fault-repair 7.1 Malfunctions 49 7.2 Problems at starting the machine 49 7.3 Problems during operation of the machine 51 7.4 Problems at stopping the machine 52 7.5 Problems data transmission 52

8 Tips and information worth knowing 8.1 Tips and information worth knowing 54

1 COMPONENTS OF THE AUTOMATIC SYSTEM


1.1 Benefits of the automation:

o Better efficiency of the snowmaking system: By constantly measuring climatic conditions directly at the snowgun, the machine starts to operate as soon as temperature conditions are good for snowmaking. Dead times, which are unavoidable when controlling manually and periodically, are omitted. The possible operating time which depends on temperatures can also be utilized best possible. Besides switching on the machine it is of the same importance to turn it off if conditions for snowmaking are not given anymore or in case of a failure. By measuring climatic data directly at the snowgun the control process is much more exact than if the machines are linked to fixed weather stations. Depending on meteorological conditions it is possible to have differences in air temperatures of up to 5 °C per 100 meters altitude.

o Constantly good snow quality: by continuously measuring the parameters which are important for operation and by continuously controlling the adjustment of the snowgun a constant, pre-selectable snow quality is attained.

o Support for the operating staff: Also a fully automated snowmaking installation needs operating staff. But the work of this staff is essentially supported by the automatic system. The machines start operation autonomously, the optimal water flow is adjusted automatically, shut down is also automated. In combination with the visualization software the operating status of all components of the installation is visible at a computer. All components can be remote controlled from this computer. Depending on the size of the installation these advances not only make work easier, but compared to a manual snowmaking installation a reduction of the staff is made possible.

o Information of the operating staff: Automatic notification of the staff at pre-selectable operating conditions via the visualization software respectively via GSM-SMS. Herewith you get information about the actual state of operation, in case of problems of the installation the staff can react immediately and dead times are reduced. Also a remote control and a query of the data is possible via SMS.

o Documentation of operation: With installed visualization software all operating data of the integrated components are stored in the computer. These data may be used later for a graphical illustration of values and conditions, a statistical interpretation of the snow-making process or a list of the messages to the operating staff. The graphical and statistical data may be transferred directly to a Microsoft Excel

®-spread sheet for further evaluation.



The SUFAG® automatic control system consists of several aligned components:

o Control of snowmaking machines: The control units of the snowguns and the snow-lance are the basis of the automatic system. With these units, the machines can be operated independently. This is in combination with a hydrant drive or a valve block the entire control system of the machine.

o Hydrant drive: Drive for the electric actuation of snow hydrants. The other components are only useful in connection with data transmission and visualization software SUFAG

® Super Snow:

o Data transmission / visualization software: With this equipment it is possible to have information and control of all components at one place. From the software also alarms and messages are sent at predefined operating conditions. With this information a part of the control rides to the machines can be omitted.

o Control pump or compressor station: As pumping stations for water supply pressure are required for the operation of the snow machines, these system components are also integrated into the automation system. Only then a real fully-automatic operation is possible.

o Weather station: Weather stations are for permanently sending data of the climatic conditions, independent from the place where the snowguns are located. In addition to temperature and humidity it is possible to have information about wind speed and wind direction.

1.2 Control unit snowgun: Automated snowguns are equipped with a control unit, wherein the operating processes are stored. Beside of monitoring the status of the machines via the digital inputs, sensors are mounted at the machine for calculating the operational data at the machine: o Sensor air temperature and relative humidity o Sensor water pressure o Sensor water temperature o Sensor temperature nozzle ring

In a large dot-matrix-display with background light the analogue values as well as the status of operation are shown. With these machines, both fully automatic operation and a manual mode is possible. In auto mode the machine is operated on the basis of the stored operating procedure, the measured values and set operating parameters. In manual mode, all components can be switched individually. In the control unit interfaces to transfer data (RS232 serial port for data transfer and Bluetooth radio, interfaces RS485/2W and RS422/4W for cable transmission) are also included. Via these interfaces constantly all operating parameters are queried from the visualization.



1.3. Hydrant drive: The motorized hydrant drive with a max. torque of 50 Nm is built as a separate, portable unit. Because it’s portability it is not necessary to equip each hydrant with a motor drive. At the hydrant a torque support and an adapter are fixed so the drive can be put on the hydrant without any tool. Because of the high torque, which is separately adjustable for opening and closing, the drive is convenient for most of current hydrants. Because of the very slow revolution of 1.9 min

-1 the water pressure is regulated

very exactly, also pressure strokes in the water supply system are solidly avoided. In this motor an electronic torque control circuit as well as a battery with charging unit for the operation in case of power failure is integrated. The activation of this drive is done from the control unit of the snowgun or the control unit of the snow lance

The hydrant drive has its own manual, which contains detailed information.

1.4 Control unit for lances: For integrating snowmaking lances to the automatic system there is a control unit with 8 digital inputs and 10 outputs available.

This control unit has its own manual wherein all functions and parameters are described.

1.5 Data transmission / Visual display software: For data transmission, a communication module (wireless or cable transmission) with conversion to a standard RS232 signal is required. Via the serial interface of a PC, the data and operating states of the components are queried, displayed and stored. Because the software is configured under the graphical Windows

® operating

system no special computing knowledge is necessary and the program is simple and clear to handle.

This software has its own manual, wherein all functions are described.



Besides the mere visualisation you can also send commands via the software to actively control the components – adjustments which are important for operation as well as start and stop of the machine can also be sent via the software. Automated control processes such as start and stop of a pump stations are also effected via the software. Furthermore, the operating staff is alarmed via the software at predefined conditions. In addition to displaying data and sending control commands, statistical and graphical functions of the analogue data are integrated.

1.6 Weather station: Weather stations are for constantly polling the climatic conditions, independently from the places where the snowguns are located. Weather station consists of a control and processor unit with connected sensors for air temperature and relative air humidity. These values as well as the calculated wet bulb temperature are indicated on site as well as transmitted to the software. Optional the weather station can be equipped with a sensor for display and transmission of wind speed and wind direction. Via the software alarms can be sent to the operating staff at pre-selectable conditions.

This weather station has its own manual, which describes the setup and the functions.

1.7 Control of the pump- or compressor station: For integration of a pump- or compressor station there is also a control unit used, which is connected via hardware to the control circuit (PLC) of the pump- or compressor station. Via digital and analogue inputs and outputs data are exchanged between the control PLC and the control unit. Alternatively the visualization software can exchange data with the PLC control of the pumping station directly over a predefined Modbus protocol. So that transmission is much more flexible, large amounts of data can be handled in this way.

2 TECHNICAL DATA


2.1 Performance characteristics of the control unit: The control unit has been developed especially for the use in snowguns. At development the special conditions of operation have been considered, importance has been paid to highest security of operation. o Microprocessor control in CMOS- technology o Galvanic isolation with a DC-DC- converter o Analogue inputs and outputs galvanically isolated from supply voltage o Watch-Dog security timer for controlling the control process o Storage of the operation parameters such as e.g. machine type, user

language etc. in a non-volatile flash program storage device. For keeping the storage information no battery is needed, therefore the components is ready immediately in autumn

o Storage of the program flow in a separate FLASH-PROM. In case of modifications of the control procedures only this storage is overwritten - the individually made parameters of operation are not altered

o 10 analogue inputs with 12 bit resolution o 18 digital inputs 24 VDC, separation through optic coupler o 16 digital outputs galvanically isolated, max. load 8A, 230 VAC o Dot matrix- display 640x480 dots with background light o Scroll-button with click-effect for navigation through the user interface o 2 lighted function keys Enter / Esc for control functions o LED’s below to display the operating status of the data transfer o Data transmission with safety transmission protocol with fault control o Serial interface RS 485 2W or RS 422 4W software configurable o 2 serial interfaces RS 232 software configurable o Integrated protocols for data transmission

Standard data protocol SUFAG for cable and radio transmission Open data protocol with converter PROFIBUS for cable transmission Open data protocol MODBUS for cable transmission Protocol GSM

o Integrated error memory function with display of date, time, error o For the user interface you can choose between different languages

2 TECHNICAL DATA


2.2 Technical data of operating unit RCS3000 CPU:

Dimensions: Width: 174 mm Height: 158 mm Installation depth: 36 mm Weight: without radio 0,95 kg Electric protection mode: at the front IP65 Hose-proof Voltage supply: 24 VDC Tolerance supply: 21,5 VDC - 26,5 VDC (-10%, +10%) Current consumption during operation: max. 1A

2.3 Technical data of I/O card RCS3000 IO:

2 TECHNICAL DATA


Dimensions: Width: 285 mm Height: 120 mm Installation depth: 50 mm Weight: 0,4 kg Electric protection mode: IP20 Covered with protective lacquer Voltage supply: 24 VDC Tolerance supply: 21,5 VDC - 26,5 VDC (-10%, +10%) Current consumption during operation: max. 1A

2.4 Sensors analogue value: Measurement air temperature: Sensor: RTD Pt 100 Measuring range: -40 °C .. +60 °C Exactitude: 0,2% Output: 0 .. 1 VDC Measurement air humidity: Sensor: Hygromer C94 Measuring range: 0 %rF .. 100 %rF Exactitude: 1,5% Output: 0 .. 1 VDC Measurement water pressure: Sensor: Piezoresistiv Measuring range: 0 bar .. 40 bar Exactitude: 1% Output: 4 .. 20 mA Measurement water temperature: Sensor: Pt 1000 Measuring range: -50 °C .. +50 °C Exactitude: 1% Measurement temperature nozzle ring: Sensor: Pt 1000 Measuring range: -50 °C .. +50 °C Exactitude: 1%

2 TECHNICAL DATA


2.5 Terminal assignment of control unit RCS3000CPU:

Supply:

Terminal Signal Function 01 +24 VDC Power supply 24 VDC 02 GND Ground 03 -24 VDC Power supply 24 VDC

Data transmission COM2 cable

4-wire RS422 2-wire RS485

Terminal Signal Terminal Signal 04 RX+ 04 NC 05 RX- 05 NC 06 TX+ 06 RTX+ 07 TX- 07 RTX-

Data transmission COM1 and COM3 cable RS232: Mini-DIN 6-pin connector

USB interface: Connector USB

Ethernet interface: Connector RJ45

CAN-bus interface: Connector RJ45

2.6 Terminal assignment of I/O card RCS3000 IO:

CAN-bus interface: Connector RJ45

Supply:

Terminal Signal Function 01 +24 VDC Power supply 24 VDC 02 GND Ground 03 -24 VDC Power supply 24 VDC

CAN-bus:

Terminal Signal Function 04 CAN L Data signal 05 GND Ground 06 CAN H Data signal

2 TECHNICAL DATA


Analogue in- and outputs:

Terminal Signal Function Signal 11 AGND 12 AIN01 Analogue input air temperature 0-1 VDC 13 AVCC Supply analogue input 1+2 14 AIN02 Analogue input air humidity 0-1 VDC 15 AGND 16 AIN03 Analogue input water pressure 4-20 mA 17 AVCC Supply analogue input 3+4 18 AIN04 Analogue input water temperature 4-20 mA 19 AIN05 Analogue input recog. hydr. chan 1 4-20 mA 20 AIN06 Analogue input recog. hydr. chan 2 4-20 mA 21 AIN07 Supply voltage L 5VAC 4-20 mA 22 AIN07 Supply voltage N 5VAC 4-20 mA 23 AIN08 Analogue input water temperature Pt1000 24 AIN08 Analogue input water temperature GND 25 AIN09 Analogue input temp. nozzle ring Pt1000 26 AIN09 Analogue input temp. nozzle ring GND 27 AIN10 Analogue input filter temperature Pt1000 28 AIN10 Analogue input filter temperature GND 29 AGND 30 AOUT01 Analog output 0-10 VDC

Digital inputs:

Terminal Signal Function Operation 31 DVDD 24 VDC for supply digital input 32 DIN 01 Mode switch CPU OFF-ON 33 DIN 02 **not conn** 34 DIN 03 **not conn** 35 DIN 04 Motor hydrant drive ON 36 DIN 05 Press switch compressor ON 37 DIN 06 Default motor protection ON 38 DIN 07 Start occurs ON 39 DIN 08 **not conn** 40 COM Supply -24VDC 41 DVDD 24 VDC for supply digital input 42 DIN 09 Switch parameter TA ON 43 DIN 10 **not conn** 44 DIN 11 Commutator swivelling mechanism ON 45 DIN 12 End switch swivelling m. cylinder ON 46 DIN 13 Limitation torque hydrant ON 47 DIN 14 **not conn** 48 DIN 15 Default heating ON 49 DIN 16 Counter for automatic swivel ON 50 COM Supply -24VDC

2 TECHNICAL DATA


Digital outputs:

Terminal Signal Function 51 Supply digital outputs 01-04 230 VAC 52 DOUT01 Compressor 53 DOUT02 Fan 54 DOUT03 Heating nozzle ring 1 55 DOUT04 Heating nozzle ring 2 56 Supply digital output 05-08 24 VDC 57 DOUT05 Hydrant open 58 DOUT06 Hydrant close 59 DOUT07 Warning device 60 DOUT08 Light 61 Supply digital output 09-12 230 VAC 62 DOUT09 Nozzle ring 2 63 DOUT10 Nozzle ring 3 64 DOUT11 Nozzle ring 4 65 DOUT12 Nozzle ring 1 66 Supply digital outputs 13-14 230 VAC 67 DOUT13 Swivelling movement left 68 DOUT14 Swivelling movement right 69 Supply digital outputs 15-16 24 VAC 70 DOUT15 Fan up 71 DOUT16 Fan down 72 Supply digital outputs 17-18 230 VAC 73 DOUT17 Additional function pump start 74 DOUT18 Heating valve block

2.7 Maintenance:

The control unit is maintenance-free, because all parameters and the process of the program are stored in non-volatile storages. Therefore no battery is needed for keeping data in the storage. Only for displaying date and time there is a Li-Io-battery installed with a durability of 5 – 10 years. For the control process of the machine date and time are not used, these data serve only for a listing of faults. During summer time we recommend unplugging all connections at the operating unit and I/O card, in order to avoid any failure by inducted over-voltage during thunderstorms. When storing the machines outside you should cover the electric box during summer. In case of strong and direct solar irradiation there may appear very high temperatures inside the control unit, which could lead to damage of the display.

2 TECHNICAL DATA


2.8 Disposal:

EU Directive 2002/96 Electrical and electronic waste - WEEE. For this product, the EU Directive 2002/96/EC shall apply. The symbol of the crossed out wheeled bin indicates that this product must be disposed of separately of household waste at the end of the life cycle. The user is responsible for ensuring that the equipment is returned to a appropriate collection. Waste separation, consistent

recycling and environmentally friendly disposal protect against negative effects on the environment and human health. Contact your local collection point for disposal or the manufacturer of the product to learn more about environmentally friendly disposal.

3 OPERATION OF THE MACHINE


3.1 Control elements:

Through the switch on the right top the desired mode is selected.

Setting : Operating the machine with the switches on the cabinet door. This corresponds to the previous manual operation and is to operate with easily limited functionality. This mode is also possible with dismounted automatic control, automatic swinging of the machine does not work. Also, the water flow rate of the machine is not displayed.

Setting : Operating the machine with the automatic control. About the automatic control RCS3000 the machine can be run in automatic mode or in manual mode as well. All machine functions are unrestricted in both modes.

The button for the vertical movement of the machine works in all operating modes.

The button for the horizontal motion of the machine only works when used with the control unit. Over this button also functions for the operation of the automatic swivelling device can be controlled, so the function depends directly by the control unit. All other switches are active in the mode "switch mode".

3.2 Control by switches: The switch operation is an emergency mode, which usually is used when an error or a fault has occurred in the automatic control.



Over the switches, the individual components can be controlled directly:

o Light o Heating nozzle ring o Compressor o Fan o Valve nozzle row 1-4 o Hydrant drive close – open o Slewing up – down

Operation in this mode is the operation of a manual machine. In the operating manual the function for the optimal operation can be found.

3.3 Control via panel: For operation over the control unit of the mode selector switch must be on . That’s to control the components of the outputs of the I/O- board. The current position is displayed inversely in the menu. By turning the central scroll wheel, you are moving in the current menu. The confirmation of a selection occurs by

pressing the scroll wheel or by - key.

Use the - button to go one menu level up. By turning and pressing the scroll wheel on the control panel can be selected from the top menu bar the desired mode. All components of the machine are operated by graphic symbols in the bottom 2 lines. Is some time any input on the operating unit, the display is switched to the "Screen Saver". In addition to the operating state, the values for wet bulb temperature, flow and water pressure are displayed large. By pressing a button or turning the scroll wheel, you return to the normal view.



In the chapters "Manual mode" and "Automatic mode" you will find explanations for the symbols and a description of the operating sequence.

3.4 Manual mode: The manual mode is integrated in the control unit. Therefore select the MANUAL mode on the top menu bar. Only when a component (e.g. heating) was activated, the machine is actually in this mode.

Normally this mode is set only if an

error of a component, such as a

sensor selected. In the 2

nd and 3th line (status area) a recommendation is displayed with what

setting the machine is operated in automatic mode: o MANUAL MODE o Recommendation: Number of nozzle rows, water pressure, water flow

With confirmation of the mode, the focus jumps to the first switching element (lighting), this element is edged thick. With the scroll wheel the item can be

selected, by pressing the scroll wheel or by - key the component is on or off. Active (turned on) elements are displayed inversely. The nozzle ring heating can be switched in two stages. In the first stage (only front heater active) is the icon displayed semi-inverse.

Symbol OFF ON only

FRONT

Lightning

Heating 4)

Compressor

Fan

Nozzle ring 1

Nozzle ring 2

Nozzle ring 3

Nozzle ring 4

Slewing left 1)

Slewing right 1)

Slewing up 1)

Slewing down 1)



Automatic slewing

Hydrant drive close 2)

Hydrant drive open 3)

1) The commands for swivel movements are push-commands, i.e. the

commands are executed only as long as the Enter key or the scroll wheel is pressed.

2) The "Hydrant drive close" command is a continuous command. After tapping the function the hydrant will be closed until the function is deactivated by pressing the Enter key or the scroll wheel. When the hydrant is completely closed, it is recognized by the torque feedback function and reset automatically the “Close” command.

3) The "Hydrant drive open" command is a push-command, i.e. the command is only executed as long as the Enter key or the scroll wheel is pressed.

4) The 2 nozzle ring heating can be switched separately. One-tap, the heater between nozzle line 1 and 2 will be in operation, the icon is displayed semi-inverse. By again pressing, the second heating between nozzle line 3 and 4 is connected to it. Another tap switches off both heaters.

The operation of a machine in manual mode, i.e. in which order the individual components are connected is described in the operating instructions.

3.5 Automatic mode: To operate the machine automatically, in the top menu bar to AUTO mode is selected.

This is the preferred mode in which the

machine is normally operated. In the second and third line (status area) is the operation status and the start temperature displayed.

o READY FOR SNOWMAKING o Start temperature -2,5 °C, stopped

With confirmation of the mode, the focus jumps to the first switching element (auto start enabled), this element is edged thick. With the scroll wheel the

desired element can be selected, by pressing the scroll wheel or by - button the component will be switched on or off.



Active (turned on) elements are displayed inversely. Some functions can be selected, which are activated only when operating the machine. These icons are then displayed semi-inverse. The control of the automatic functions happens by symbols in the bottom display line, in the line above the operating state of each component is shown.

Symbol OFF ON PRE-

SELECTION

AUTO START ENABLED 1)

Quickstart 2)

Snow quality 3) 7)

Lightning 7) 4)

Automatic slewing 7) 5)

Slewing left 7) 6)

Slewing right 7) 6)

Slewing up 7) 6)

Automatic slewing 7) 6)

1) A start enable "Automatic" is the prerequisite that the machine will go in

operation when reaching the operating conditions. At warm temperatures the symbol is displayed semi inverse - it is apparent that a start release was issued, but at the moment there are no operating conditions.

2) Using the "Quick Start" during startup of the machine, the preheating time can be interrupted. This makes sense when the machine was turned off a short time and ensures that any remaining residual water is not frozen in the machine. This function can only be selected after start release.

3) The snow quality can be set in 9 steps from 1 (dry) over 5 (medium) to 9 (wet). A correction factor of 0.5 ° C to calculate the water flow rate is calculated per step. For dry snow the water flow is reduced, wet snow is achieved by an increase of the water flow. Note that changing the snow quality can also change the starting temperature of the machine.

4) The lighting can be adjusted so that it is only switched on during operation of the machine. This is indicated by a semi-inverse symbol. The inverse symbol means continuous operation of lighting.

5) Automatic swiveling device is only in operation when the machine is in operation. The preselection of the swivel operation is indicated by a semi-inverse symbol.

6) The commands for swivel movements are push-commands, i.e. the commands are executed only as long as the Enter key or the scroll wheel is pressed.

7) The activation of the symbols for lighting, snow quality, automatic swiveling device and swivel movements does not change the mode when the machine is in manual mode.



Operating status of the components:

Symbol OFF ON only

FRONT

Warning device 1)

Heaters 2)

Compressor

Fan

Nozzle ring 3)

Hydrant drive 4)

Hydrant drive close

5)

1) Besides the signaling of faults on the machine, the warning device is

switched on during the start- and the stop phase of the automatic mode. 2) The nozzle ring heaters are separately switchable and adjustable. During

start up, both heaters are always in operation. During operation, the first heater between nozzle ring 1 and 2, then between ring 3 and 4 are switched. If only one heater is in operation, this is indicated by a semi-inverted image.

3) In operation of the machine the open nozzle rings are displayed. In the above example the rings 1 and 2 are active.

4) Position indicator of the hydrant relative to the maximum opening in %. 5) OPEN or CLOSE commands to the hydrant drive are indicated by additional

arrows.

3.6 Special features:

Switch mode: During operation of a machine can be switched between the two modes manual and automatic operation. When switching from automatic to manual operation, the machine is adopted with the current setting for automatic operation. Once a component of the machine (heating, nozzle rings, hydrants drive) is operated in manual mode, the mode switches to manual mode. The change from manual- to automatic mode happens by issuing the enable automatic startup. If the machine was previously in manual mode (compressor and fan ON, minimum operating water pressure is reached), the snowmaker is controlled automatically from now on.



Operation fully automatic - Semi-automatic: As a semi-automatic mode is called in which a machine is controlled automatically without the hydrant drive. Without control and regulation of water supply automatic operation is not possible. The machine can not automatically start or stop independently. Also an automatic control of the calculated water pressure is not possible. Therefore, a semi-automatic operation is not useful.

As water supply without hydrants drive can’t be controlled, automatic

operation without a drive does not make sense. If there is no hydrant

drive available, the machine must therefore be operated in manual mode.

4 CONTROL UNIT SNOWGUN


4.1 Components of the control unit: The control unit has been developed especially for use in snowguns. The control consists of the control unit RCS3000CPU and the I/O board RCS3000IO.

Front view of panel RCS3000CPU:

o Graphic- Display 640 x 480 Pixel o Scroll wheel (Twist- Push Button) for menu functions

o Back lit buttons for the functions ‚confirm’ and ‘menu level back’

View from below RCS3000CPU:

o Supply 24 VDC o Interface RS485-2W resp. RS422-4W for cable transmission Software configurable o LEDs for display RS485/422 data transmission: power, Rx, Tx o 2 serial interfaces RS232 for wireless transmission or Bluetooth

Software configurable o LEDs for display RS232 data transmission: power, Rx, Tx o USB programming Interface o Ethernet port RJ45 o CAN bus connection RJ45

Supply



Front view of I/O- board RCS3000IO:

o Supply 24 VDC o 18 Digital outputs potential free o 16 Digital inputs 24 VDC o 10 Analogue inputs 0-1 VDC, 4-20 mA, 0-5 VAC, Pt1000 o 1 analogue output 0-10 VDC o CAN bus connection via RJ45 connector and terminals o DIP switch for addressing I/O- board

4.2 Displayed data AUTO and MAN: After a short report of the firmware version when switching on, the operating data are indicated on the display in the AUTO mode.

Display Manual- und Automatic mode:

Analogue input Digital input

Digital output Supply



Base Select - Top line:

Basic Features AUTOmatic mode, MANual mode, SETUP (Chapter 5) and SERVICE (Chapter 6). This selected main selection is displayed inversely.

Notification area – 2nd

and 3rd

line automatic mode:

Temperature to high: shows that under actual climatic conditions and settings of the operator (snow quality, etc.) automatic snowmaking is not possible.

Automatic start enabled: The conditions for snowmaking are not given, but a start release was issued. When the temperature drops, the machine will start automatically. Enable Start with exceeded temperature limit is represented by a semi-inverse symbol for the start enable.

Ready for snow production: shows that conditions are reached, but the start enable for operating the snow machine is missing.

Waiting for enable visualization: shows that the visualization software SUFAG

® Supersnow is set and that the release operation of the machine

is linked to additional conditions. o Permissible operating time o Enable signal through pumping station o Minimum number of machines in operation

Automatic start in progress: The machine has start enable and the conditions for snowmaking are reached - the machine starts automatically. This starting phase is from pre-heating – start compressor – start fan to turning on water supply. For signalizing that the machine will start operation shortly, the warning flashlight is blinking during the starting phase.

Automatic snowmaking: After finishing the starting phase, that means that the minimum water pressure (normally 8 bar) is reached, the machine runs in normal operating mode. At normal operation snow is produced, the water pressure and the switching position of the valves are regulated by signals from the control box.

Automatic stop in progress: If the wet bulb temperature exceeds the marginal value, at deletion of the start enable, as well as in case of failure the machine is stopped. During the stopping phase the warning flashlight is reactivated and the hydrant is closed. The snowgun is only stopped completely, if the control unit states by measuring the input pressure, that the hydrant is completely closed. If there is water pressure at the machine, it always stays under operation.

Draining after stop: After closing the hydrant the drain phase starts. Fan and compressor stay running for blowing the remaining water out of the nozzle ring. After finishing the drain phase the fan and the compressor are stopped.


and 3rd

line manual mode:

Manual mode indicates that already one of the components of the snowgun is directly driven and thus the machine is in manual mode.

Recommendation gives information with which settings the machine would be run in automatic mode. It’s indicated which nozzles rings are in operation and with which water pressure it’s snowed. In addition, the resulting water flow is indicated.




and 3rd

line error messages

Error messages both modes:

Confirmation button lights: a fault is generally confirmed by pressing the icon for the lights.

Fault compressor/ fan indicate that the motor protection switch for fan or compressor or, respectively, the current leakage protection switch Q1 has tripped. The stopping phase is started.

Fault heaters show a tripped circuit breaker or current leakage protection switch Q2 for the heaters. If the error occurs during operation, the machine continues to run despite the error. If the error occur during standstill, the machine does not start automatically, since the pre-heater is an important part of the start-up phase.

Fault automatic swivel indicates, that the control of counting pulses of the automatic swivel mechanism has stated a missing pulse signal. The swivel mechanism is stopped, but the machine remains under operation.


and 3rd

line error messages

Error messages only automatic modes:

Fault water pressure indicates that the water pressure is lower than the minimum working pressure. If the necessary working pressure is not reached within an adjustable time, the snowgun will be stopped.

Fault air pressure indicates, that the air pressure which normally is applied during operation has not been reached. This fault leads to shutdown of the machine.

Fault hydrant drive indicates a failure of the hydrant drive, that means that the hydrant could not be opened or closed by the motor drive. If this failure appears during the staring phase, the snowgun is stopped. If the hydrant cannot be closed during operation, water flow is reduced to a minimum, but the machine must remain under operation.

Fault sensor indicates, that one of the sensors doesn’t send any valid signal to the control unit. Without this information (air temperature, air humidity, water pressure, water temperature) an automatic operation is not possible, therefore the machine is stopped.

Area analog values

Wet bulb temperature calculated value from air temperature and air humidity in °C. The wet bulb temperature considers the cooling effect of the ambient air by evaporation of a small part of the water until the air is saturated to 100% humidity.

Water flow calculated water flow considering open nozzle rings and water pressure. You can choose the displayed unit for water flow in l/s, l/min or m³/h

Water pressure measured water pressure at the snowgun in bar

Water temperature measured water temperature in °C. Because the valve block with the pressure and temperature sensor is heated, during downtime incorrect values are indicated. The actual water temperature is only visible approx. 10 min. after starting.

Supply voltage measured supply voltage in VAC. This value is used as information to optimize the preparation of the snowguns. Please note the permissible limits of the supply voltage.

Air temperature measured air temperature at the machine in °C



Air humidity measured air humidity in %rF

Temperature nozzle ring measured temperature at the nozzle ring for controlling the nozzle ring heaters

Set water pressure calculated value for adjusting the water pressure at the snowgun in bar according to climatic conditions and parameter settings.

Regulating temperature (Automatic mode) calculated wet bulb temperature, at which the machine will start regulating the water flow according to the adjusted parameters. With no start temperature pre-set, start temperature and regulating temperature are the same. Without user action, the machine starts up in automatic mode at the control temperature.

Hydrant point number (manual mode) hydrant number where the machine is installed.

Control range - below A detailed description of the control range can be found in chapter 3.

4.3 Additional information of the display:

Information transmission: Right in the notification area are information displayed for data transmission. In the

upper line RX (Receive Data) is displayed when receiving data. If data is sent back to the visualization,

TX (Transmit Data) is displayed.

The second line is the identification of the machine, consisting of address and subaddress visible. A description of the setting can be found in chapter 5.

Screensaver: After some time with no input on the operating unit, the view switches to the "Screen Saver". It displays the operating status, the analog values for wet bulb temperature, water flow rate and pressure. In the bottom line the date and time are displayed.

5 SETTINGS PARAMETER SETUP


5.1 General information: The operating parameters are, divided into groups, placed in the automatic control. Note that any change in a parameter causes a change in operation of the snowgun. The menu is opened by selecting SETUP from the base menu. In the bottom line, a submenu can now be chosen in which settings can be changed. With choice of the submenu, the first parameter is framed. With the scroll wheel the desired parameter can be selected. In the notification area (lines 2 and 3) Information are indicated for parameters and the possible setting.

If a parameter is chosen with , the value of this parameter is displayed invers. By turning the scroll wheel the parameters can be changed and saved by pressing.

After the change leave the submenu via the -button and the normal operating data is displayed. Parameters with this symbol can be set not only on the control, but also about the visualization software.

5.2 Task menu Basic: In this menu all parameters are combined, which are needed in the daily operation of the snowgun. Although the automatic system can be largely adjusted to your individual needs, attention was taken on ensuring that the service by the staff is very simple.

Swivel angle: The swing angle of the automatic swivel mechanism can be set directly in degrees. Minimum value is 10 °, the maximum value is set under Setup / Features.

Factory default: 030 °

Range: 010° - max. 340°

Start temperature: Normally a snowgun starts at the regulating temperature, that means if snowmaking is possible under the climatic conditions and the pre-set parameters. But start temperature can also, differing from the value of the calculated regulating temperature, be set directly in °C. Herewith for example an earlier start of the machine is possible, whereas in the temperature range between starting and regulating temperature the pre-selected snow quality cannot be maintained.

Reaching the regulating temperature means that start temperature is set to regulating temperature during operation. Herewith it is secured, that the machine is stopped, if snow cannot be produced with the desired quality. Herewith the starting temperature must be pre-selected anew before every start-up.

Factory default: at regulating temperature

Range: -10 °C - +5 °C



Maximum flow: The maximum allowed water flow of the snowgun during operation can be limited with this setting. When reaching this limit the flow will not be increased anymore.

According to the adjusted unit for the water flow in menu Setup the value is indicated in l/s, l/min or m³/h.

Choose the maximum value (10 l/s, 600 l/min, 36 m³/h), if you don’t want a reduction of the possible capacity of the machine.

A reduction of the maximum water flow is normally due to the dimensioning of the water supply. Because cold temperatures normally are only available for very short periods of time, the dimensioning of pump stations is made in a way that at a temperature of approx. -12 °C the capacity of the pump is reached. In this case the water flow may not be increased at lower temperatures anymore.

Factory default: 10 l/s (no reduction)

Range: 0,7 l/s – 10 l/s

Hydrant point number: Setting of the hydrant number, to which the snowgun is connected. This setting is of no significance for the function of the machine – it is only needed for the graphical presentation and the statistic in the software. When entering the hydrant number the slope plan in the software shows the place of every machine.

For installations with automatic start- and stop signals for a pump- or compressor station from the software or enable signal for the machine from the pump station the hydrant number is of significance. In automatic mode, it is determined via the hydrant number which line of the installation has to start its operation.

Factory default: 0000

Range: 0000 - 3999

5.3 Operating parameters menu: In this menu all parameters are combined, where changes to the factory default are useful. These changes are set once so during daily operation modifications are not needed.

This area is protected with password User (A)

Max. preheating time Adjustment of the max. preheating time before the start in minutes. In case of too short preheating time there may be failures during the start because of ice residue in the filter, valve block or nozzle ring. The actual preheating is defined by the parameter “nozzle temp. for start”. Once this temperature is reached in the start phase, compressor and fan go in operation.

In chapter 3.5 it is described, how the preheating time can be shortened during startup without modifying this adjustment.

Factory default: 10 min

Range: 05 min – 99 min

Client adjustment: ...........



Nozzle temp. for start: Setting the heating temperature for the nozzle ring. When the heating is on, temperature is kept at this value. In the start phase this temperature value is also observed before the startup process continues.

Factory default: 20 °C

Range: 10 °C – 30 °C


Saved water temperature: When delivering the machines this value is set to 4 °C. During operation of the machine water temperature is measured and recorded after an adjustable runtime. If temperature is below 2 °C, the operating parameters of the snowgun are not changed. At higher water temperatures the operating point is changed automatically. For each °C of water temperature warmer than 2 °C there is a correction factor of 0,5 °C calculated.

Factory default: 04.0 °C

Range: 0.0 °C – 10.0 °C


If the actual water temperature should not be considered for the adjustment of the machine, you can enter a temperature value which serves for the calculation of the control. In order that this value is not

over-written, the menu Water temp. Storage time must be set on 00

min.

Calculating with water temp.: Indicates, how many minutes the operating point of the machine is calculated with the stored water temperature from the last operation. After this time the adjustment of the operation point is calculated with actual water temperature.

If time is set to 00, the stored value of water temperature is never overwritten or corrected.

Factory default STF: 30 min

Range: 00 min – 99 min


Start temp. heater 1 shows, below which temperature the heater between

nozzle ring 1 and 2 is switched on during operation. Herewith the machine runs without heating at marginal temperatures, at lower temperatures the heater is switched on. Setting of this parameter depends on water temperature.

Factory default: -08.0 °C

Range: > -12 °C


Start temp. heater 2 additional temperature of the heater between nozzle ring

3 and 4.

Factory default: -12.0 °C

Range: > -15 °C




Min. working pressure: Minimum working pressure the machine can be operated with. The minimum defined pressure during normal operation is 10 bar, the minimum working pressure is a little bit below.

If this pressure is not reached or drops below during operation, the machine switches off after a delay time. At the display the message “fault water pressure” is shown.

Factory default: 08.0 bar

Range: 05.0 bar – 09.0 bar


Draining Time: After the hydrant is completely closed, the compressor and the fan are still running during the adjusted time for draining the machine. Afterwards the water valves are opened for 10 s, the fan will switched-off. The compressor remains running the preset time After the compressor switched off, the machine is stopped.

Factory default: 090 s

Range: 010 s – 120 s


5.4 Task menu Units: In this menu all parameters are combined, in which unique customer preferences can be entered. This area is protected with password User (A)

Unit for temperature: Option of temperature indication °C or °F

Factory default: °C

Range: °C - °F


Unit for pressure: Option of pressure indication in bar or psi

Factory default: bar

Range: bar - psi


Unit for flow: Depending on the familiar unit can be displayed in l / s, l / min m³ / h or gpm. Thus the illustration in normal screen and the setting of maximum water flow change.

Factory default: l/s

Range: l/s – l/min – m³/h - gpm




Waterflow nozzle ring 1,2,3,4: Nominal rates of nozzle rings 1 to 4 at a water pressure of 15 bar. The information about the current water flow rate is calculated from these flow rates and the operating pressure.

These settings are used to display the water flow. Changing these values requires no change in the actual flow capacity.

Factory default Peak ring 1: 55 l/min




Range each ring: 0 – 250 l/min

Client adjustment ring 1: ...........




5.5 Task menu Chart: In this menu, parameters are given for setting the operating point. Except for a change in the nozzle configuration of the machine changes are not meaningful. This area is protected with password User (A)

Chart temperature – pressure describes the performance of the machine. For each temperature value corresponding operational settings can easily be read.

The machine needs an assigned operating point for each temperature in order to function efficiently.

Factory default: Peak (since series 2013)

Step Temp.1 Temp.2 Press 1 Press 2 Ring

1 -1.5 -3.0 10.0 35.0 1

2 -2.9 -5.0 10.0 35.0 2

3 -4.5 -7.5 10.0 35.0 1+2

4 -6.0 -10.0 10.0 35.0 2+3

5 -7.5 -13.0 10.0 35.0 1+2+3

6 -9.0 -16.0 10.0 35.0 2+3+4

7 -11.0 -19.0 10.0 35.0 1+2+3+4

8 -18.9 -40.0 35.0 35.1 1+2+3+4

5.6 Task menu Hydrant 1: In this menu all parameters are combined for setting the hydrant drive. This area is protected with password User (A)



Type hydrant drive used to select a predefined hydrants drive. Depending on the type specification the default parameters are automatically loaded for this setting.

STF: Standard- hydrant drive SUFAG

HDC: Hydrant drive SUFAG, model Italy

TA: Hydrant drive “Hydromat TechnoAlpin”

Factory default: STF

Range: STF – HDC - Hydromat


Hysteresis water pressure: For the adjustment of the control-accuracy of the hydrant drive you can indicate here the bandwidth, wherein no posterior adjustment of the water pressure is made. Normal adjustment at 1.5 bar – the posterior adjustment is done only when the nominal pressure is exceeded or undershot by 0.75 bar.

When switching off nozzle rings, in order to avoid pressure peaks water pressure is reduced prior to 15 bar in general. Only if the pressure is within the hysteresis range (max. 15.75 bar), a nozzle ring will be switched off in automatic mode.

Factory default for all types: 01.5 bar

Range: > 1.0 bar


Max. time to open hydrant: Indicates the opening time of the hydrant (runtime control). The sum of the runtimes for Open and Close direction is stored in memory. When reaching the time limit the opening signal from the control box is interrupted. This will prevent the hydrant is opened fully loaded with nominal torque of the drive.

A setting of 0 s means that the runtime monitoring is disabled when opened.

The SUFAG® - hydrant drive STF also has an internal runtime

monitoring of 240 seconds. Thus, the drive, regardless of the setting in this parameter turns off after this time.

The SUFAG® - hydrant drive STF runs at a speed of 1.9 min-1. From

this a default max. opening of about 6 turns is calculated.

Factory default STF: 200 s

Factory default HDC: 120 s

Factory default Hydromat: 0 s

Range: 0 s – 400 s


Max. time to close hydrant: This item of the menu indicates the maximum closing time of the hydrant drive during operation.

When stopping the machine the hydrant is closed within this maximum time. If afterwards the water pressure is still higher than the maximum switch-off pressure at the machine, the closing procedure is stopped and a message of failure is shown.

Calculate the setting for the closing time by multiplying the possible rotations of the hydrant spindle by 50 (STF) resp. by 20 (HDC).

Factory default STF: 300 s

Factory default HDC: 180 s



Factory default Hydromat: 120 s

Range: 020 s – 900 s


Reg. coeff. hydrant open/close: Coefficients for speed reduction for hydrant drives regulated by clocked regualtions. The number shows the relation between runtime and break time in percent within the pre-selected impulse time.

This setting is only needed for calculation, if the pulse time for the hydrant drive is set higher than 0 s. An adjustment of 0 s means continuous operation.

Factory default OPEN/CLOSE STF: 20 / 30

Factory default OPEN/CLOSE HDC: 15 / 20

Factory default OPEN/CLOSE Hydromat: 5 / 8

Range: 1 – 100

Client adjustment: ........... / ...........

Pulse time regulation: According to the type of the hydrant drive the ON and OFF signals to the drive are sent continuously or with impulses. A setting of 0 means continuous operation, while entering a time means the duration of the regulating impulses (sum of runtime and pause time).

In SUFAG® - hydrant drives STF the setting of a cycle time happens that

in operation of a half ring the signals are clocked. Starting the operation of a full ring, the signals are transmitted as a continuous signal.

Factory default STF: 04.0 s

Factory default HDC: 04.0 s

Factory default Hydromat: 04.0 s

Range: 0.0 – 10.0 s


Hydrant pulses: The control of the closed end position of the SUFAG®-

hydrant drives is made also via the torque. When reaching the rated torque the drive sends a pulse and interrupts the operation for 10 seconds. In this parameter it is adjusted, how often the drive may be actuated when opening the hydrant with the nominal torque.

If the drive is not able to open the hydrant with the defined number of efforts, the snowgun will not be started. The display shows “Fault hydrant drive“.

This adjustment also defines how often the drive is activated with the nominal moment when closing the hydrant. Number = ½ of set value: with the default value the drive checks 4 times with the nominal torque that the hydrant is closed

Additionally it defines how often the control of the torque is made when the hydrant is completely open. Number = ¼ of set value: with default setting the drive is activated 2 times

Factory default STF: 8 impulses

Factory default HDC: 0 impulses

Factory default Hydromat: 0 impulses

Range: 00 – 20 impulses




MAX.TIME MIN.WATER PRESS.: maximum opening time of the hydrant until the minimum working pressure (default 8 bar) is reached.

If the pressure is not reached within this time, it is interpreted by the control as a failure and the machine is stopped.


Range: 060 s – 900 s


5.7 Task menu Hydrant 2: 2 hydrant drives can be predefined for the operation of the machine. Via a digital input is automatically detected, which of the two drives is connected to the machine. At activated input, parameters are automatically switched to hydrant 2. The selection of parameters and the settings are as described for hydrant 1. This area is protected with password User (A)

5.8 Task menu Features: In this section special functions are defined, the parameters must be changed depending on equipment of the machine. This area is protected with password User (A)

Tower gun: Case of machinery on tower or hydraulic arm the water drops remain longer in the cold ambient air. Therefore, the water flow rate can be increased without degrading the quality of the snow.

A change of the parameter to YES causes that the machine in snow quality 5 has the same water flow rate as a machine on the floor in snow quality is 9.

Factory default: NO

Range: NO - YES


Swivel direction from software: In tower machines with appropriate additional equipment (limit switches for zero setting, crank for possible swivel range), it is possible to control the swiveling device on the visualization software.

Factory default: NO

Range: NO - YES


Alarm snowmaking conditions: indicates that the warning device is activated also as soon as reaching snowmaking temperatures, even if the machine doesn’t have a start signal. This is done sometimes for guns without data transmission, to know when it is cold enough for snowmaking. Normal adjustment to NO, herewith the warning device is activated during the starting phase only, which means after the enable signal for start was set.



This feature is only useful on machines without data transfer. Over the flash lamp operating conditions can be signaled.

Factory default: NO

Range: NO - YES


Start signal pump: Via that output of the control unit you can send a signal to the control of a pump station in order to start water supply. Be aware that it is only possible to start a stationary pump with this parameter, not to stop it, because the machines don’t communicate with other machines. Especially for mobile pumps of this parameter is useful.

Permanent signal at start gives a continuous signal after the start of the fan. This option is used e.g. for control of a mobile pump.

Pulse signal at start gives an impulse signal for 3s after the start of the fan.

Permanent signal pre-heating gives a continuous signal when the pre-heating of the machine begins.

Pulse signal pre-heating gives an impulse signal for 3s when the pre-heating phase begins. This is used for starting a stationary pump station.

Factory default: NO

Range: NO - YES


Max. angle swivel: defines the maximum swivel angle to be selected in menu Setup/ Basic.

Factory default: 60°

Range: 60° - 340°


Time base swivel: The counting device of the swivelling angle is continuously supervised in order to avoid a move of the snowmaking direction in case of damaged components. In this point of the menu the maximum time base is defined between two counting impulses.

Factory default: 10 ds

Range: 5 ds – 99 ds




5.9 Task menu System: In this section system functions are defined, the parameters must be changed depending on equipment of the machine. This area is protected with password User (A)

Address data transmission: For the transmission of data to the computer each control unit must have an individual data transmission address.

Address is a unique address of a subscriber. Please note that any address can be used within a system only 1 time, so the devices can be clearly assigned.

Subaddress corresponds to installation identification. All participants an installation must be programmed with the same subaddress.

BT address is the address for data transfer via Bluetooth. Over the BT address the subscriber is identified by the Android app to control the snow producers.

As the controls are delivered with address 99, this address should never be used in an installation to prevent errors with duplicate addresses.

Factory default Address: 99

Factory default Subaddress: 01

Factory default BT Address: 01

Range: 01 - 99


LCD Contrast allows the display contrast adjustment The contrast can be adjusted so that the font on the screen is no longer readable. Then an accrual on normal contrast is almost no longer possible for the customer. Therefore, change the contrast in small increments.

Factory default: 5

Range: 0 - 9


LCD Background light allows setting the backlight of the display

Factory default: 80

Range: 0 - 100


Language allows the language selection for the text displays on the screen Several languages are available.

Factory default: variable

Range: DEU - ENG - FRA - ITA -SWE


Date (dd/mm/jjjj) allows setting the date If data will be exchanged with the visualization software Supersnow, date and time are periodically synchronized with the system time of the PC.



Time (hh:mm:ss) allows to set the time If data will be exchanged with the visualization software Supersnow, date and time are periodically synchronized with the system time of the PC.

Key Lock allows a password to be entered for the operation of the control. About keypad lock is defined, after what time without user input the key lock is active.

Setting 0s means that the key lock is disabled. When the key lock is required, the minimum possible setting is 60 seconds.


Range: 0 – 999 s


Start password sets the password on which the key lock can be disabled.

Factory default: 0

Range: 0 – 9999


Temperature LCD has only informative character. Here is the current temperature at the back of the display.

5.10 Task menu Reset: This section is used to reset the control to factory defaults.

Reset - Snow parameters reset those parameters to the factory default which have a direct impact on the performance of the machine: quality snow, starting temperature, max. water flow rate.

This parameter is protected with password User (A)

Reset - All parameters reset all parameters back to factory defaults. Here must be indicated in which type of machine this control is installed.

The parameters of data transmission will not be changed as well as the calibration of the analog inputs.

Wait until the name of the machine type is not displayed inversely. Only then all the parameters are correctly loaded.

This parameter is protected with password User (A)

Reset working hours: Under Service / Statistics, the operating time of the machine are given. These operating times can for example be cleared before the start of a new snow season.

This parameter is protected with password Administrator (B)

Format Low Level reset all parameters including transmission and calibration of analog inputs to factory settings.

This parameter is protected with password Administrator (C)

6 INFORMATION MENU SERVICE


6.1 General information: The service area provides supporting information and is divided into groups. The menu is opened by selecting SERVICE in the base menu. In the bottom line can now be selected in a submenu, over which range information are required.

The service area can be quitted with the -button and the normal operating data are displayed.

6.2 Simulation: In this area the measured analog values can be overwritten in order to test the machine functions. This allows e.g. at warm temperatures to simulate an automatic snowmaking. You can overwrite only values such as air temperature. Calculated values such as the wet bulb temperature cannot be overwritten, as this is calculated from air temperature and relative humidity. If an analog value is overwritten, this value is displayed invers on the screens for automatic or manual operation. So it is apparent that the displayed value is not a measured value.

Simulate analog value Following analog values can be overwritten:

Simulation Temperature

Simulation Humidity

Simulation Water pressure

Simulation Water temperature

Stop simulation resets the information of all values back to the signals of the corresponding analog inputs. By switching off and on of the supply voltage, the simulation is also stopped.

6.3 Fault memory: In this area, the stored errors are listed in a table on the machine.

7: 28/03/2013 08:31 FAULT HYDRANT DRIVE 6: 28/03/2013 08:31 FAULT WATER PRESSURE 5: 27/03/2013 15:56 FAULT HYDRANT DRIVE 5: 27/03/2013 15:56 FAULT WATER PRESSURE 3: 27/03/2013 11:56 FAULT HYDRANT DRIVE 2: 25/03/2013 15:19 FAULT HYDRANT DRIVE 1: 25/03/2013 15:14 FAULT WATER PRESSURE

After selecting the << function you can browse with the scroll wheel through the pages of the fault memory.

With COPY USB the contents of the error memory can be saved as a text file on a USB stick.



A recovery of the fault memory by the customer is not possible. The recovery can be done only by the manufacturer.

6.4 Statistics: In this area operating statistics of the machine is stored.

Statistics consists of the following information:

Total operating time (without control by switches)

AUTO operating time

Total snow

Maximal snow

Total water

The chapter 5.10 describes how these operating times can be set to 0 e.g. begin a new season with 0.

6.5 Digital Input:

In this area the switching status of all digital inputs can be seen. Status of 0 means an open input, with status indicator 1 the input is closed.

DI Function Stat. DI Function Stat.

01 Switch mode 1 09 Hydr.dr. TA 0

02 Swivel LEFT 0 10 **Not conn** 0

03 Swivel RIGHT 0 11 Upper LS 0

04 Hydr.dr. STF 1 12 LS Swivel SS 0

05 Press.switch 1 13 Hydr. torque 0

06 Fault mot.prot 0 14 **Not conn** 0

07 Gun running 0 15 Fault heaters 0

08 **Not conn** 0 16 Counter 0 1

6.6 Digital Output: In this area the switching status of all digital outputs can be seen. Status of 0 means an open output, with status indicator 1 the output is closed.

DO Function Stat. DO Function Stat.

01 Compressor 0 10 Nozzle ring 3 0

02 Fan 0 11 Nozzle ring 4 0

03 Nozzle heater 1 1 12 Nozzle ring 1 0

04 Nozzle heater 2 1 13 Swivel left 0

05 Hydrant open 0 14 Swivel right 0

06 Hydrant close 0 15 Fan up 0

07 Flashlight 1 16 Fan down 0

08 Lights 1 17 Signal pump 0

09 Nozzle ring 2 0 18 Filter heater 1



By pressing the -button your reach directly the display of the outputs and can set these directly by turning and pressing the scroll wheel. Therefore single machine components can be tested directly.

6.7 Analogue Input: In this section the data of the analog inputs are displayed.

AI Function Anz. Bit Bit

01 Temperature 2.2 422 427

02 Humidity 77.9 779 779

03 Water pressure -0.0 407 407

04 **Not conn** 0.0 0 0

05 **Not conn** 0.0 0 0

06 **Not conn** 0.0 0 0

07 Voltage 405.0 2 2

08 Water temperature 9.2 921 1463

09 Nozzle temperature-6.6 -656 524

10 Filter temperature 2.9 306 1115

6.8 Analogue Correction: Provides a simple way to adjust slightly different analog values without recalibration. In the range of ± 5.0 each value of the display can be adjusted. This area is protected with password Administrator (B)

AI Function Correction

01 Temperature 0.0

02 Humidity 2.5

03 Water pressure 0.0

04 **Not conn** 0.0

05 **Not conn** 0.0

06 **Not conn** 0.0

07 Voltage 0.0

08 Water temperature 0.0

09 Nozzle temperature 0.0

10 Filter temperature 0.0

In the above example, the relative humidity is around 2.5% RH displayed higher than actually measured.

6.9 Analogue Adjustment: Page for calibration of analog values. Here, the zero points of the analog values (offset) and the change in size of the allocation per bit (adjust) are defined. In addition, the inertia of the display is adjusted via a filter setting. This area is protected with password Administrator (B)



AI Increase Zero point Inertia

ANA01 Adjust 0.1000Offset -40.00 Filter 50

ANA02 Adjust 0.1000Offset 0.00 Filter 50

ANA03 Adjust 0.0250Offset -10.20 Filter 2








A change of these values causes a change in the display of the analog

value. With the changed display value, the new value is also used for the calculation of the operating conditions.

6.10 Communication Ports: Page with setting parameters of data transmission. To the already known settings existing transmission protocols can be defined here. This area is protected with password Administrator (B)

Address data transmission: is an individual address of a subscriber. Please note that any address can be used within an installation only 1 time, so the devices can be clearly assigned. See chapter 5.9.

Subaddress data transmission: corresponds to installation identification. All participants an installation must be programmed with the same subaddress. See chapter 5.9.

Baudrate COM 1 / COM 2 / COM 3: Defines the transmission rate of the serial interfaces RS232/COM1 - RS485/COM2 - RS232/COM3. Standard speeds with wireless transmission are 1200 bps and 9600 bps with cable transmission. COM2 is additionally defined whether it is 2-wire or 4-wire transmission of data transmission.

Protocol COM 1 / COM 2 / COM 3: Defines the communication protocol to communicate with visualization software or an end device. Due to the large selection an easy integration into existing systems is possible. Using several interfaces is possible. Following variants are stored:

TECHNOFASE V1 Standard protocol SUFAG

Hilscher Protocol old visualization Siemens

ProfiBus Protocol new visualization Siemens

ModBus RTU Berch Protocol visualization Berchtold

ModBus RTU TA Protocol visualization TA Attass

ModBus RTU York Protocol visualization York

ModBus RTU Lenko Protocol visualization Lenko Snownet

GSM 7.07 Protocol communication GSM- Modem

Bluetooth Protocol Bluetooth Android App



Radio ON Time: Defines the required switching time of the radio on wireless transmission between receiving and sending.

6.11 Communication Test: In this page, the communication of the control unit can be tested. This area is protected with password Administrator (B)

Send 0x55: sends a continuous signal on the specified interface.

Signal PTT (Push To Talk): is the switching from reception mode to transmission mode of the wireless transmission. Therefore, this selection is only for COM1 and COM3.

Received characters: shows the number of characters received of the communication – remote station.

Buffers: displays the contents of the data sent or received through an interface.

6.12 Password: In this page the passwords for User (A) and Administrator (B) can be defined. This area is protected with password Technic (C)

Password User (A)

Password Administrator (B)

6.13 Technic:

Is used for data management and internal settings. This area is protected with password Technic (C)

Copy error list to USB: copy the entire error list as a text file on a USB memory stick.

Delete error list: deletes the entire fault memory. This is only possible after repairs at the control unit by the manufacturer.

Write parameters to USB: writes all relevant parameter settings for snowmaking as a text file on a USB memory stick.

Read parameters from USB: reads all relevant parameter settings for snowmaking as a text file on a USB memory stick. Thus, individual machine settings can be easily transferred to other snowguns.



Serial number RCS3000: used to enter the serial number of the automatic control

Serial number snowgun : used to enter the serial number of the snowgun

7 ERROR SEARCH AND FAULT REPAIR


7.1 Malfunctions:

Malfunctions control unit RCS3000: Display is dark: o Check output voltage 24VDC via LED at the power supply unit T2 or by

measuring the voltage o Check connector supply 24VDC, clamp 1,2,3 o Check Power- LED’s at the lower side of the control box

The contrast can be adjusted so that the font on the screen is unreadable.

LED button lighting blinking quickly: o This flashing indicates a defective CAN bus connection between control

panel and I/O- board. Check cables, I/O- board and slot (Ethernet connection is plug-compatible).

Malfunction I/O- board: o Check output voltage of power supply unit 24VDC via

integrated LED or by measuring the voltage o Check connector supply 24VDC on the I/O- board o Check Power- LED’s at the left side of the board

Display SWITCH MODE on the display: The switch mode is an emergency mode, which is normally used only in case of defective components of the automation. If possible, the machine should be operated via the control unit. o Check input 1 under Service/ Digital Inputs:

If the switch Switch / Control is on "Control", the input must be set. At error check the switch and the wiring.

7.2 Problems at starting the machine:

Machine does not start at snowmaking conditions: o Control that machine is in AUTOMATIC mode and has got a start signal

for automatic start

o Check if the motor drive for hydrant is connected (if there is no hydrant drive a fully automatic operation is not possible, the icon for the hydrant drive disappears)

o Control reading of sensors – if the displayed values (temperature, humidity etc.) are plausible

o Control start temperature in the info area – if temperature is to low control parameters for start conditions:

- Snow quality - Start temperature snowgun - Water temperature - Chart temperature / pressure

Enable signal for automatic start is not accepted: o If faults or problems are pending, an automatic start of the machine is

not possible. - missing hydrant drive - Fault analogue sensors



- Fault motor protection - Fault heater

Automatic recognition of hydrant does not work: o Check input 4 (recognition of hydrant) under Service / Digital Inputs.

When the hydrant drive is connected the signal must be on 1. In case of fault test with a hydrant drive and a connecting cable of another machine, in order to find out the defective components.

Indication NaN instead of analogue values: o NaN shows an invalid calibration of an analogue input, which means that

the incoming voltage or current signal cannot be assigned clearly to an analogue value. A new calibration of the input is necessary and can be done with phone support by the customer.

Indication ERROR instead of analogue values: o Current signals 4-20 mA have a sensor-break control. If the sensor is

defective (signal lower than 2mA), ERROR shows on the display. o For voltage signals 0-1 VDC, ERROR shows on the display, if the input

signal is less than 50mV. o Pt1000- sensors are checked for plausibility of the measured value. In

addition to monitoring sensor interruptions and short circuits, the possible measuring range is monitored.

With a broken sensor the machine does not start its operation. If the fault appears during operation, the snowgun is immediately switched-off.

Indication of unrealistic high analogue values: o Displaying an unrealistic high analogue value indicates a short circuit in

one of the sensors.

Indication Fault motor protection: o Indicates a tripped motor protection switch on the compressor or fan or

a tripped circuit breaker fault current for the switching valves of the valve block.

Indication Fault heater: o Indicates a tripped circuit breaker or residual current circuit breakers for

heaters. o If the error occurs during operation, the machine is not switched off.

However, a restart is not possible because in the starting phase the nozzle ring and the valve block necessarily must be preheated.

Machine starts, but stops after a short time: Pay attention to the fault indication at the upper line of the display:

o Fault hydrant drive / fault water pressure shows, that the hydrant drive was not able to open the hydrant or that the minimum working pressure (factory default 8 bar) could not be reached within the max. time for water pressure (factory default 300 s). Possible reasons: - Via the torque control it was stated that the force for opening of the

hydrant was not sufficient



- Fault of hydrant drive or drive is not positioned correctly on the hydrant

- Pump station for water supply is not working - Fault water supply - Problem with water hose from hydrant to machine - Fault pressure transmitter

o Fault motor protection: indicates a tripped motor protection switch for fan or compressor and a tripped current leakage protection switch for the control voltage.

o Fault air pressure: the output pressure at the compressor does not reach the min. air pressure (4 bar) or that the pressure switch is defective.

o Default sensors: indicates that one of the sensors for measuring the analogue values is defective. It is possible that a sensor has a bad contact.

o Missing system permission: indicates, that the pre-defined conditions are not fulfilled anymore and that the snowgun therefore was automatically switched-off by the software.

Machine starts, but stops again after 30 min.: o Water temperature too high: At delivery of the gun water temperature is

set to 4 °C. If the actual water temperature is higher, the machine will start its operation nevertheless. After an operating time of 30 min. the actual water temperature is measured and the setting of the machine is corrected adequately. If water temperature at marginal conditions is higher than 5 °C, the machine is switched-off, because snowmaking with the selected snow quality is not possible.

This is not a fault, but normal operational performance. Water temperature is memorized and at the next start the machine is started only if snowmaking is possible with the stored water temperature.

For new machines enter the expected water temperature before the first operation in order to avoid such short time operation.

7.3 Problems during operation of the machine:

Automatic swivel mechanism does not work: o Check motor protection switch of the gear motor: Protection switch is

not supervised – therefore no indication of fault motor protection. The simplest thing to do is to swivel the machine with the pushbutton left-right in order to check the function of the drive.

Automatic swivel mechanism stops after a short time: o The sequence of impulses of the proximity switch for counting the

swivelling angle is supervised during operation. If a signal is missing, the swivelling mechanism is switched-off in order to avoid uncontrolled swivelling of the machine. In the info area of the display appears the message “Fault automatic swivel”. Check the proximity switch and the wiring.

In case of a defective swivelling mechanism only the swivel, but not the snowgun will be switched-off.



o Pay attention to a correct setting of time of the swivelling mechanism under Setup/ Features.

7.4 Problems at stopping the machine:

Machine does not switch-off correctly: Pay attention to the fault indication in the upper line of the display:

Pay attention that the snowgun will not switch-off as long as the water supply is not closed completely.

o Fault hydrant drive: indicates that the drive was not able to totally close the hydrant. o Water pressure is still measured at the snowgun, but the torque

signals indicate, that the adjusted torque has been reached and that the number of attempts to close the hydrant has been overshot.

o Within the closing time Hydrant, not a single pulse was registered at the torque input

o Fault water pressure: the minimum switch-off pressure (factory setting 1,2 bar) has not fallen short within the closing time of the hydrant (factory default 300 s). o Defective hydrant and cann’t be closed o Drive not put correctly onto hydrant o Fault hydrant drive o Fault pressure transmitter o Water pressure in the supply hose – difference in altitude tapping

station - machine

7.5 Problems data transmission:

Fault data transmission: o Pay attention to the adjustment of the address for the data transmission

which has to be individual for each machine of the installation. This address of the data transmission is not conterminous with the number of the machine.

o Check the setting of the subaddress for data transmission. This address must be the same for all subscribers within an installation.

o Check the setting of the radio channel for wireless communication. The end device must be set to the same channel as the radio in the center.

o Pay attention that the upper side of the electric box is free of snow. If snow covers the socket of the antenna, the signal level is reduced.

o Check the display RX and TX in the info area. RX shines periodically in the call up cycle of the software, TX only shines, if data are sent to the software.

A fault in the data transmission does not have an influence on the performance of the snowgun, because all analogue values are measured at the machine and the whole control procedure is calculated in the control box.

8 TIPS AND INFORMATION WORTH KNOWING


At which wet bulb temperature the snowgun will start:

For the calculation of start temperature the following parameters have an effect: o Selected snow quality o Operating definitions from the chart temperature / pressure o Water temperature o Tower gun yes/no If water temperature changes during operation, start temperature will also change – the gun will start at a different temperature next time. In order to see the effects of all these parameters at a glance, a value for

REGULATING TEMPERATURE is shown on the display. This value indicates at which wet bulb temperature the machine will start its operation considering the selected options. A change of snow quality e.g. also changes the regulating temperature.

Additionally you can preset a START TEMPERATURE under Setup / Basic. With a changed start temperature the machine starts at the indicated value, without influence of preseted parameters. If no start temperature has been set, which means that the regulating temperature and the start temperature are the same, both temperatures are changed in case of changing a parameter (because the gun will start at regulating temperature). If start temperature has been changed, in case of a change of parameters, only the regulating temperature is adjusted.

At which wet bulb temperature the snowgun will stop:

For the stop temperature hysteresis is factored by 0.5 ° C. The machine turns off when it is 0.5 ° C warmer than the start temperature.

What is the best way to start a snowgun:

The best way to start the snowgun is in automatic mode. The hydrant drive has a runtime control and opens only a pre-defined number of rotations. The other two modes manual mode and switch mode are normally used only in case of missing or defective components. Via the visualization software it is possible to preheat the machine, without having to give a start release. Thus, if the release is given on site, the machine ready to go.

How to prevent a snowgun from switching-off caused by high water

temperature:

Especially at the beginning of the snowmaking season water temperature is relatively high at most installations. We are measuring the water temperature at the snowgun, therefore the water will be warmer than at the feeding point: o Warm-up in the pumps



o Warm-up by friction in the tubes o Warm-up by heat transmission from the soil to the pipe When calculating the operating point of the machine water temperature is considered – for each °C of water temperature the operating point is shifted for 0.5 °C downwards. That means if water temperature is 4 °C warmer than normal, the snowgun starts at a wet bulb temperature which is 2 °C lower. To prevent a shutdown of the machine, in menu Setup / Set, the water temperature can be pre-determined which the control use for calculation. Therefor the parameter "Calculating with water temp." have to be set to 0. " Saved water temperature" can then be set to the desired temperature.

Of course, with a 'wrong' water temperature, the snow quality no longer complies with the specifications.

Why do snowguns operate differently at the same temperature:

It is possible, that 2 machines with exactly the same settings of parameters are running at different operating points. The operating point calculation in the control box results in a set water pressure and the number of switched-on nozzle rings. If the calculated water pressure is not available at the machine, the control box checks automatically, if the same water flow can also be maintained with more open nozzle rings and a lower pressure. If this is possible, the snowgun switches-over automatically to the alternative operating point.

How to limit water flow rate:

Under Setup / Basic the parameter “Maximum water flow” allows you to limit the flow of the machine directly and herewith to adapt it to the capacity of the water supply. When reaching this adjustment, water flow will not be increased any more.



How to adjust the automatic swivel:

Under Setup / Basic the swivel angle of the machine is directly set in degrees. Move the snowgun to the left limit of the direction where you want to make snow – the swivel mechanism always starts clockwise. With start of the automatic swivel the preselected angle of rotation works automatically after the start of the machine. If the swivel mechanism is stopped at the snowgun, it stops immediately. When switching-off the swivel via the visualisation software the machine turns to its initial position – herewith a repeated switching off and on without changing of the direction of snowmaking is possible.

How a pump station is integrated:

The data of the machines are continuously queried by the visualization software. Data sended include analog values, operating status and hydrant number. In the software the hydrant numbers are linked to pump stations or active water lines. If a snowgun is ready to start, a start signal is automatically sent from SuperSnow

TM software to a pump control unit, which is connected to the PLC of

the pump control. Normally the adjusted pre-heating time is long enough to start the pump and to fill the line. If a longer time is needed for that, you have the possibility to lock the machine With this lock the snowgun start is delayed until an enable signal from the pump station control box is sent. Of course a stop signal for each section is sent to the pump station control also with the shutdown of the last snowgun.

How data transmission works:

Data transmission is set up, that all components of the automatic system (snowguns, lances, pump stations, weather stations) are permanently polled by SuperSnow

TM software. All data are requested from the software with a reply

from the control boxes, there is never a communication between the components. To clearly identify each component, each control box is programmed with an address and a subaddress for data transmission. A definition in the software links each machine and lance to a transmission address. When exchanging a control box the transmission address must be set, so that the machine can be recognized by the software again. Pay attention that the



transmission address DOES NOT correspond to the machine number. For example the pump station uses address 01, the weather station uses address 02 and the snowgun no. 1 is set to address 03.

INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMER SETTINGS


Parameter old new Date Name

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SUFAG Automatic control system - Accueil - Sufag€¦ · represents a guarantee within the meaning...

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Transcript of SUFAG Automatic control system - Accueil - Sufag€¦ · represents a guarantee within the meaning...