Success Story

PT WAHANA PETRANUSA – Partial Review of Technologies’ Results and References

1

PARTIAL REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES’

RESULTS AND REFERENCES


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TECHNOLOGY OFFERED

Stages of work Tasks Methods of solution Technology

1

Localization of field works in the most perspective zones (office study)

Definition of the prime zone for the field work with the area not more than 20 % from the total area of the license area

1.1

Analysis of remote sounding materials of the Earth's crust

1.1 STeP®

1.2 Complex interpretation of geological and geophysical materials

1.2 MDI

2

Revealing prospective structures in the localized zone (field work)

Revealing of potential traps of anticlinal and non-structural type

2.1

Active seismic prospecting

2.1 SVSL

2.2 Passive seismic prospecting

2.2 SLEC

3

Ranking the revealed structures by their prospectivity (field work)

Definition of target No.1 and search for the most favorable place for well drilling

3.1

Geochemical survey

3.1 AGS

3.2 Electric survey of high accuracy

3.2 HEM-IP

4

Substantiation of points for drilling prospecting wells (office study)

Analysis of the results of all the kinds of work and substantiation of the spudding place of well No. 1

*Abbreviations used:

SVSL – Side-View Seismic Location technology

STeP- Sub Terrain Prospecting Technology

SLEC – Seismic Location of Emission Centers technology

MDI - Multi-Dimensional Interpretation (of geological and geophysical

data)

AGS – Advanced Gas-geochemical Survey

HEM-IP - High-resolution electromagnetic induced polarization


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A. STeP® Technology: Some results of successful application of

technology in different regions of the world.

Client Task of Project Results

PERTAMINA EP, Indonesia

Localization of seismic activities and estimation of prospectivity in Lampung Block

Recommendation of prospectivity ranks was given

Rosneft, Russia

Specifying oil content contours of productive horizons in the Sandivei oil field

In the field, three new productive horizons were opened. Now they produce oil

Northern Oil, Russia

Specifying the geological structure of Bagan group of oil fields

Geological modeling of oil pools was made. Some points were prepared for drilling. By the opinion of the customer, these recommendations allowed cutting down the expenses and achieving success in the region

ND, Russia

Localization of seismic exploration (2D) in the territory of the license area

The territory for seismic exploration was contoured. The subsequent researches confirmed the success of the forecast. The first well drilled produced oil

MontazhMalikMunai Kazakhstan

Estimation of prospectivity of well drilling in Chingiz oil field

Recommendations were given on drilling 4 wells. All 4 wells were drilled in the recommended place. All 4 wells have produced oil. The success is 100 %

LUKOIL–Perm, Russia

Analysis of reasons for unsuccessful drilling of wells in the Monastic structure

A new model of the structure was constructed. All the subsequent drilling of wells completely confirmed the new model of the structure offered

GAZPROM, Russia

The analysis of drilling 17 wells in Saratov region

The analysis was made. The customer accepted the new model of the geological structure of the territory

TNK-ВР, Russia

Research of new territories

Researches were completed by contouring the


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in Irkutsk region (Ust-Kutsk and Khandinsk)

prospective structures. The subsequent drilling confirmed the preliminary forecast

ND, Russia Analysis of the reasons for unsuccessful drilling of 4 wells in the Chedtysk oil field (Komi Republic)

Analysis was made of drilling places of wells. A model was constructed in which STeP technology was combined with the results of 2-D seismic. This model completely explains the reasons for unsuccessful drilling of 4 wells. New recommendations were given

Petrobras, Brazil

Analysis of prospecting in two blocks in the basin of the Amazon river: - Urucu region (onshore) - Aracaju (offshore)

In the territory of Urucu block, a forecast was made of perspectivity on STeP technology and it coincided with the forecast of the customer made on the basis of the geological data. In the territory of Aracaju block, there are no geological data. STeP technology allowed revealing a number of structures. Drilling of wells confirmed 90 % from them. Two forecast structures completely coincided with the structures revealed earlier

Radneftegaz, Russia

Forecast of prospectivity of Tersin license site (Volgograd area)

Forecast was made of prospectivity of the license area. Contours of several prospective structures were predicted. In these structures, seismic works were carried out. 3 from them were confirmed by seismic. In one structure a well was drilled that produced an inflow of oil. (see Fig.)

Masters Resources, USA

Recommendations for drilling of exploration wells in an oil field in Louisiana

A forecast was made. A well was drilled. The forecast was confirmed logging.


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B. MDI Technology: Regional works estimation of oil and gas

content in large territories according to the technology.

Item Task of Project Client/Year

1.

Selecting the most perspective blocks and estimation of their oil-and-gas potential. Libya. The tender. The 4th round on license blocks I, II, III and IV.

GAZPROM/2004, 2005, 2006, 2007

2. Analysis of hydrocarbonic potential of the Timan-Pechora sedimentary basin. Russia. Repsol Exploración

S.A., Spain/2007

3. Complex interpretation of regional seismic, gravitational and magnetometrical studies. Estimation of oil and gas content in the Ob and Taz bay including the adjoining territories.

GAZFLOT/2003

4. Analysis of oil-and-gas potential of the Pre-Jurassic deposits in the Galyanovo-Rogozhnikovskaya zone (Western Siberia, 15,000 sq. km).

Surgutneftegaz/2005

5. Analysis of discovery potential of new hydrocarbonic fields in the unlicensed area of the Hunty-Mansi AO (Western Siberia).

SurgutGAZPROM/2004

6. Estimation of development plan of exploration works in the territory of Bengal Bay. India.

GAZPROM Delhi/2006

7. Estimation of development potential of Buguruslan oil area (25 fields)

Orenburg Oil and Gas Company/ 2007


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C. MDI Technology: Some results of successful application of technology in different regions of the world.


NK LUKOIL,

Russia

Forecast of development zones and thickness zones of Sherkalin deposits in Western-Tugrovian area (Western Siberia)

Structural maps were constructed on the roof of paleobasement and formations Т, Т10, and M. Points were recommended for well drilling.

NK LUKOIL, Russia

Complex estimation of oil prospectivity zones in Nariman area (Astrakhan area)

Geological model was constructed of the territory; maps were made of oil and gas prospectivity factor. Localization was made of the territory on where the customer made a decision on 2-D detailed seismic works.

. NK Tomskneft,

Russia

Forecast of reservoirs of Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Kaimysov arch (Western Siberia)

Forecast maps were constructed of Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous deposits, their litho-physical, permeability and porosity, and oil-producing properties were estimated. Three oil-prospective areas were localized and 14 points were planned for exploration drilling.

Chinese Oil Corporation

Estimation of oil and gas bearing prospects in Shanganyin area

Qualitative and quantitative forecast was made of prospectivity of the area on Р1-2SH,T3-J1, and Ord formations. Three areas were identified of increase psephicity of Р1-2SH formation prospective for search for oil.

Chinese Oil Corporation

Estimation of oil and gas bearing prospects in Daloko area

Forecast was made of prospective sites on Т3У6-1,Т3У6-2,Т3У2 formations. New perspective zones were revealed and localized

Vanyoganoil, Russia

Prospectivity forecast of Jurassic deposits in the Kechimov area (Western Siberia

2 oil prospective zones were identified and localized. Probability forecast was made of opening new HC deposits in formations of J2 horizon.


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Ministry of Natural

Resources of the Russian Federation

State contract Studying of regular communications of geological and geophysical parameters of oil and gas bearing complexes

Criteria and methods were given of estimation of oil and gas content prospects, divisions into districts of territory by oil and gas content prospects, recommendations were given on the rational complex and geological exploration methods at the search stage


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D. NAGS/AGS Technology: Results of some works conducted by

the technology in various regions of the world.


LUKOIL, Russia

Surveys in the Baltic Sea, in the area of Klaipeda

A perspective structure was revealed by oil-and-gas anomalies. The drilled wells have confirmed presence of an oil field (Block B-2)

LUKOIL, Russia

Search for anomalies in the territory of the Russian part of the shelf of the Caspian Sea

All the Russian part of the shelf of the Caspian Sea is covered with a network of AGS surveys. The two new anomalies revealed by AGS method were confirmed. They are designated as «Central» and «Yalamo-Samur», their forecast oil resources make 500 million tons.

Orenburg GAZPROM,

Russia

Estimation of discovery prospects of new fields in the area of the Staro Klyuchevskoye oil field

Two new perspective oil-and-gas anomalies of non-structural type were revealed

Republic of Mordovia

Areal surveys in the area of oil fields South- Okhotnichye and Kovylkinskoye

Surveys of territories were carried out and perspective prospecting features of the second level were found out.

National Oil

Company, Egypt

Specification of contours of Garun Oil Field

The task was fulfilled. Contours of the field were specified by intensity of the geochemical anomalies.

Byelorussia

Perspectivity forecast of Mikhailovskaya and other structures

Surveys of structures were carried out, and their ranking was presented by perspectivity

Republic of Tajikistan

Estimation of perspectivity of the «Tuyun-Tau» area

As a result of the surveys, negative perspectivity estimation was given of the territory. Later, 5 dry wells were drilled which confirmed the AGS forecast completely.


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E. HEM–IP Technology: Companies and organizations whose

fields and license sites works were conducted in different

years in accordance with the technology

Oil company “ROSNEFT”

Open joint-stock company «Rosneft - Krasnodarneftegas»

Open joint-stock company «Rosneft - Termneft»

Open joint-stock company «Rosneft - Purneftegas»

Open joint-stock company «Rosneft - Stavropolneftegas»

Open joint-stock company «Rosneft - Sakhalinmorneftegas»

Open joint-stock company «Rosneft - Kazakhstan»

Oil company “LUKOIL”

«Lukoil West Siberia» Ltd. Enterprise Kogalymneftegas

«Lukoil West Siberia» Ltd. Enterprise Lukoil - Uraineftegas

«Lukoil - Astrakhanmorneft» Ltd.

Oil company “YUKOS”

Open joint-stock company “Samaraneftegas”

“GASPROM”

Open joint-stock company “Kubangasprom”

“SIDANKO”

Open joint-stock company “Saratovneftegas”

BGP CNPC

Ministry of Natural Resources

Ministry of Natural Resources of Chuvash Republic

Ministry of Natural Resources of Udmurt Republic

Open joint-stock company «Udmurtian National Oil Company»

Open joint-stock company «Udmurtian Oil Company»

Open joint-stock company “Udmurtneft” “Ugneftegas” Ltd.

Closed joint-stock company “Kubannefteresource”

Closed joint-stock company “Aitorneftegas”

Open joint-stock company “Sevkavtransgas”

Open joint-stock company “Barren-energy”, Saratov


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Open joint-stock company “Narjan-Marseismorazvedka”

Open joint-stock company “Belkamneft”

State Unitary Enterprise “Udmurttorf”

State Unitary Federal Enterprise NVNIIGG

State Unitary Federal Enterprise IGiRGI

State Unitary Federal Enterprise “Nizhnevolzhskgeologia”

Open joint-stock company “Orenburggeologia”

Open joint-stock company “Udmurtgeofizika”

Open joint-stock company “Udmurtgeologia”

Open joint-stock company “Krasnodarneftegeofizika”

Open joint-stock company “Surgutneftegas”

Committee of Natural Resources on the Saratov region

Committee of Natural Resources on the Samara region

Committee of Natural Resources on the Krasnodar territory

Committee of Natural Resources on the Stavropol territory

Committee of Natural Resources on Jamal-Nenetsk Autonomous District

Committee of Natural Resources on the Kirov region

Committee of Natural Resources on Republic Mordovia


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F. BHSS Technology: Results of works conducted by the technology in Indonesia

Item Client Task of Project Result

CALTEX, Indonesia

Production increase on Minas oil field

Succesful increase of production above the targeted volume

CALTEX, Indonesia

Production increase on Pager oil field

Succesful increase of production above the targeted volume


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Additional Reference List of Application of Technology


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Illustration of Technology Case Studies


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Sample of Application of Technology for Finding Mineral

(Non Oil and Gas Application)


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Reference Letter of Technology Validity


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Global News References


61

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies Completed Its STeP® Survey

for YPF

Company Delivers to YPF on Services Contract for Oil & Gas Exploration in Argentina

NEW YORK, June 20, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc. (OTCBB: TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, has completed its services for YPF, the largest Argentine oil and gas producer, under a contract to provide the Company's Sub-Terrain Prospecting (STeP®) technology to survey YPF's oil and gas license area in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. STeP® is a proprietary method which uses the innovative models and techniques to remotely process satellite and other analytical data and accurately delineate oil and gas deposits.

"YPF is a valuable client for Terra, and we have provided YPF with our STeP® analysis and conclusions about the license area. Every prospecting study, whether traditional geological or our proprietary STeP® analysis, is aimed at creating an incremental value and increasing the level of knowledge and information about the area of focus," said Dr. Alexandre Agaian, President of Terra Energy & Resource Technologies. "We believe that our STeP® study achieved this goal, adding this project to a long list of Terra's work worldwide. Terra is proud that this South American energy giant is utilizing our technology in its exploration process, and we anticipate additional projects with YPF in the future."

About Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc.

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc., through its subsidiary Terra Insight Services, Inc., provides mapping and analysis services for exploration, drilling, and mining companies related to natural resources found beneath the surface of the Earth. The Company uses a suite of innovative and efficient technologies, which facilitate the prediction and location of commercially viable deposits of hydrocarbons, gold, diamonds, and other natural resources, and assesses them for any given geographic area -- on or offshore. For more information, visit http://www.terrainsight.com.

Safe Harbor for Forward-looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and is subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. There are many factors that could cause the Company's expectations and beliefs about its operations, services, plans, projects, and contracts, and its plans or proposals to acquire interests in, or participate in, exploration activities or properties, to fail to materialize, including, but not limited to, availability of capital, satisfaction of contractual conditions and requirements, unfavorable geologic conditions, the amount of reserves projected or ultimately discovered, and general regional economic conditions.

For more information, please contact:

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc. 212-286-9197 [email protected]

SOURCE:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/terra-energy--resource-technologies-completed-its-step-survey-for-ypf-124182849.html

http://www.terrainsight.com/

mailto:[email protected]


62

Terra Energy and Resource Technologies Expands Its

Services Offering Into India via a Market Partner

Agreement

Date: 10/5/2010 6:00:00 AM

NEW YORK, NY--(Marketwire - 10/05/10) - Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc.

(OTC.BB:TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, is expanding its oil and gas and

other minerals exploration services offering to India by signing a market partner agreement with

Saturn Energy Solutions for Oil & Gas (Saturn), a geological and geophysical consulting firm in India.

The contract sets forth a market partner framework between the companies, granting Saturn certain

rights in connection with the sales and marketing of Terra exploration services in India.

"We started using the market partner strategy last year and we now have agreements for areas on

several continents. Through our South American and South Asian partners, this year we have

obtained or carried out service contracts in Argentina, Cambodia, and Indonesia. Our partners

helped us to establish many key relationships and to advance with numerous sales prospects and

negotiations, creating a significant business pipeline for Terra," said Dr. Alexandre Agaian, President

of Terra Energy & Resource Technologies.

Dr. Agaian noted that India is a well-established oil and gas exploration and production country, also

stating: "Saturn is not just a business development firm, but a multi-service geophysical and

geological consulting company with insight into the Indian oil and gas exploration industry and

related services landscape. Saturn's impressive team consists of seasoned geoscientists and

engineers. We are encouraged by this new market partner relationship, extending the Terra service

offering into India."


Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc., through its subsidiary Terra Insight Services, Inc.,

provides mapping and analysis services for exploration, drilling, and mining companies related to

natural resources found beneath the surface of the Earth. The Company uses a suite of innovative

and efficient technologies, which facilitate the prediction and location of commercially viable

deposits of hydrocarbons, gold, diamonds, and other natural resources, and assesses them for any

given geographic area -- on or offshore. For more information, visit http://www.terrainsight.com.

http://us.lrd.yahoo.com/_ylt=AgYmsE9AKFT00ulRDpPtJ.6tcq9_;_ylu=X3oDMTE2MDgwMTdiBHBvcwMxBHNlYwNuZXdzYXJ0Ym9keQRzbGsDaHR0cHd3d3RlcnJh/SIG=111nbsc8r/**http%3A/www.terrainsight.com/


63


This press release may contain forward-looking information within the meaning of Section 27A of the

Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and is subject to the

safe harbor created by those sections. There are many factors that could cause the Company's

expectations and beliefs about its operations and business plans, its services and service offerings, its

plans to acquire interests in exploration properties or technologies, plans to drill or drilling results to

fail to materialize, including, but not limited to: competition for new acquisitions; availability of

capital; unfavorable geologic conditions; prevailing prices for oil, natural gas and other natural

resources; and general regional economic conditions.

Contact:

For More Information, Please Contact:

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc.

212-286-9197

[email protected]

source: http://terrainsight.secfilings.com/PressRelease/467/Terra-Energy-and-Resource-Technologies-Expands-Its-Services-Offering-Into-India-via-a-Market-Partner-Agreement.aspx

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Terra Energy and Resource Technologies and Transportadora de Gas del Sur to Streamline Pipeline Monitoring

Date: 9/20/2010 10:00:00 AM Summary: Terra Energy and Resource Technologies and TGS Enter Into Memorandum of Understanding for Diagnosing Pipeline Faults via Satellite Surveying

NEW YORK, NY--(Marketwire - 09/20/10) - Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc.

(OTC.BB:TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, has entered into a

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Transportadora de Gas del Sur S.A. (TGS), a major

Argentine gas transportation company controlling one of the longest gas pipelines in South America.

Terra proposed an innovative satellite-based methodology to identify conditions which could lead to

pipeline corrosion and other types of related costly breaks. The non-binding MOU is planned to lead

to negotiation of a definitive contract with Terra, should TGS deem the predictive results provided by

Terra objective and accurate. The companies have been in discussions regarding solutions for

pipeline monitoring issues that remain an ongoing challenge in any hydrocarbon conveyance system.

"TGS controls approximately 6,000 kilometers of pipeline. The prospect of a service contract to

monitor the whole pipeline is a significant opportunity for Terra," said Dmitry Vilbaum, CEO of Terra

Energy & Resource Technologies. "While pipeline monitoring is not an area we have focused on, it

clearly is a significant market and is another aspect of the industry to which Terra can apply its

science and expertise. We are proud that our technologies have so many applications to help the oil

and gas industry, and we look forward to advancing our technologies capabilities related to pipeline

monitoring, which, along with break fix and general maintenance of long pipelines in hard-to-access

areas are major hurdles to overcome in oil and gas source regions with challenging weather and

terrain. We recently visited a conference on the subject of pipeline maintenance that was sponsored

by Gazprom, the Russian oil and gas major, and it appears that while these weather and terrain

pipeline problems are widely experienced, there is not a satisfactory generally accepted industry

protocol for dealing with them. Such problems are opportunities in disguise and Terra is looking into

the matter for TGS to examine whether there are any spectral criteria correlating aggressive

environments and the locations of pipeline corrosion."

Dr. Alexandre Agaian, President of Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, stated that, "Satellite-

based technologies are applicable to pipeline diagnostics issues potentially translating into major

savings for gas transportation companies. Although this type of project is our first, we do not exclude

the possibility that the research may be used to build universal spectral models for pipeline

monitoring."



65




and efficient technologies, which facilitate the prediction and location of commercially viable deposits

of hydrocarbons, gold, diamonds, and other natural resources, and assesses them for any given

geographic area -- on or offshore. For more information, visit http://www.terrainsight.com.


This press release contains forward-looking information within the meaning of Section 27A of the



expectations and beliefs about its operations, services, plans, projects, and contracts, and its plans or

proposals to acquire interests in, or participate in, exploration activities or properties, to fail to

materialize, including, but not limited to, availability of capital, negotiation and execution of definitive

agreements, satisfaction of contractual requirements, unfavorable geologic conditions, the amount of

reserves projected or ultimately discovered, and general regional economic conditions.



212-286-9197

[email protected]

Investors Relations:

Jim Painter

Emerging Markets Consulting, LLC

407-488-4114

source: http://terrainsight.secfilings.com/PressRelease/466/Terra-Energy-and-Resource-Technologies-and-Transportadora-de-Gas-del-Sur-to-Streamline-Pipeline-Monitoring.aspx

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66

STeP® Technology for Oil & Gas Exploration Work Programs in Mendoza, Argentina

Oil & Gas Exploration Work Programs in Mendoza, Argentina to Include Terra's STeP® Technology Terra's STeP® Officially Accepted by Authorities of Province of Mendoza Press Release Source: Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc. On Tuesday September 27, 2011 NEW YORK, Sept. 27, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc. (OTCQB: TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, announces that its proprietary technology STeP has been approved by the Secretariat for Hydrocarbons, Mining and Energy of Mendoza, Argentina for inclusion in exploration work programs by oil and gas companies. The STeP technology has been assigned a work unit value, which is a financial number associated with the proportion of compulsory expenditures for each particular type of exploration activity of license block holders in connection with the territory leased from the province for exploration. Also noteworthy, the STeP technology was assigned the work unit value of 0.3, which is significantly higher than that assigned to other methods, such as aero gravimetry, traditional remote sensing, and reprocessing of 2D and 3D seismic, equal to 0.06, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.1 respectively. "The work unit assignment for STeP® by Mendoza is equal to the value determined by the province of Chubut several weeks ago," said Dmitry Vilbaum, CEO of Terra Energy & Resource Technologies. "Mendoza's determination of the high value of STeP work units indicates that the province authorities align STeP with a significant value which it contributes to the exploration process." Dr. Alexandre Agaian, President of Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, stated: "It is of note, that our method was not lumped into any activity category; it has rather been listed as a separate work type line item. Terra generated the services business in Chubut following the province's approval of STeP. We hope this pattern continues in Mendoza and other provinces, where we are actively pursuing services contracts, having also applied for the recognition of our technology." About Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc. Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc., through its subsidiary Terra Insight Services, Inc., provides mapping and analysis services for exploration, drilling, and mining companies related to natural resources found beneath the surface of the Earth. The Company uses a suite of innovative and efficient technologies in the prediction and location of commercially viable deposits of hydrocarbons, gold, diamonds, and other natural resources, and assesses them for any given geographic area -- on or offshore. For more information, visit www.terrainsight.com.

http://www.terrainsight.com/


67

Safe Harbor for Forward-looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and is subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. There are many factors that could cause the Company's expectations and beliefs about its operations, services, plans, projects, and contracts, and its plans or proposals to acquire interests in, or participate in, exploration activities or properties, to fail to materialize, including, but not limited to, availability of capital, satisfaction of contractual conditions and requirements, unfavorable geologic conditions, the amount of reserves projected or ultimately discovered, and general regional economic conditions. Contact: For more information, please contact: Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc. 212-286-9197 [email protected] If you would no longer like to receive these emails, please click here to opt out.



68

Terra Energy and Resource Technologies Participates in New Exploration Technology Research and Development -- Science Consortium Receives Prestigious Eurostars Grant

Date: 8/9/2010 6:00:00 AM

NEW YORK, Aug. 9, 2010 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc.

(OTCBB:TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, announces that Eurostars has

awarded a research and development consortium, of which the Company is a participant, a 3-year

388,000 Euro science grant.

The Eurostars Programme is a competitive European innovation initiative that provides funding for

market-oriented research and development, performed in-house by small and medium-sized

enterprises. The grant application, which the Consortium submitted in March 2010, was for the

development of oil and gas forecasting software modules, planned for wide commercial use in early

exploration for oil and gas. The Eurostars' evaluation panel ranked the Consortium's application 4th

out of 102 project applications.

The Consortium is lead by Flotten AB (Sweden), and consortium members include Terra Energy &

Resource Technologies Inc., Bunnyfoot Ltd. (UK), and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece).

Each of the Consortium project members is to carry out concrete functions: Terra, being one of the

leaders in innovative exploration technologies, will provide expert advice on the software

architecture, industry standards on output data formats, monitor the development, as well as results

verification.

Flotten SA originated the project via its innovative exploration method. Terra and Flotten share

similar goals in developing and advancing innovative early exploration tools of a substantially higher

value than those used traditionally. The companies also utilize similar conceptual approaches

associated with a deep, a-biotic origin of petroleum, recognizing that hydrocarbon compounds are

generated in the mantle of the Earth and can migrate via deep faults into the crust, forming oil and

gas deposits there.

"Flotten asked us to join the Consortium, recognizing that Terra is an established innovative

exploration technology provider. Our companies share certain academic and practical exploration

philosophies. Terra actively utilizes the proprietary geo-dynamic analysis, and some of its postulates

are recognized and implemented within Flotten's method. We had numerous discussions about the

lack of value of information provided by the traditional early exploration tools, therefore "building

in" a high, innate level of error into any prospecting project from the very beginning stages.

Naturally, with shared philosophies and Terra's name recognition, collaborating on this project was


69

an organic decision for our companies," said Dr. Alexandre Agaian, President of Terra Energy &

Resource Technologies.

"Terra is always seeking to improve its technology base and is excited to see the outcome of the

Consortium's collaborative efforts. The resulting software product may even become an adjunct to

Terra's geodynamic analysis, one of the components of our STeP(R) technology. In addition to

certain fees that Terra will earn for performing its functions within the Consortium, Terra has a 5%

ownership interest in the intellectual property and any other commercial rights or interests relating

to the project, including stakes in future enterprises stemming from any products developed by the

Consortium," said Dmitry Vilbaum, Chief Executive Officer of Terra Energy & Resource Technologies.












expectations and beliefs about its operations, services, projects, and contracts, and its plans or

proposals to acquire interests in, or participate in, exploration activities or properties or research and

development activities, to fail to materialize, including, but not limited to, availability of capital,

amount of funding, satisfaction of contractual requirements, unfavorable geologic conditions, the

amount of reserves projected or ultimately discovered, and general regional economic conditions.


212-286-9197

[email protected]

source: http://terrainsight.secfilings.com/PressRelease/464/Terra-Energy-and-Resource-

Technologies-Participates-in-New-Exploration-Technology-Research-and-Development----Science-

Consortium-Receives-Prestigious-Eurostars-Grant.aspx

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70

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies Continues Oil & Gas Exploration Services for Petroquimica Comodoro Rivadavia

Terra Pioneers Exploration Work Programs in Province of Chubut – Local Authority Officially Accepts Terra’s Technology

NEW YORK, September 12, 2011 /PRNewswire/ –– Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc. (OTCQB: TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, has initiated its satellite-based STeP® analysis for oil and gas prospectivity of an approximately 4,000 square kilometer license block in the province of Chubut, Argentina. This exploration services contract was granted to Terra by the prominent Argentine hydrocarbon producer Petroquimica Comodoro Rivadavia (PCR) after Terra’s STeP® technology was added to Chubut’s “work-program approved list” for oil and gas exploration companies.

Also noteworthy, the Company recently completed its NAGS geochemical survey for PCR in the province of Santa Cruz, Argentina.

“We are pleased that our client relationship with PCR, an oil and gas industry leader, has evolved into repeat business and is expanding into other product lines. The new project in Chubut is the second STeP® analysis we have carried out for PCR, having previously completed the survey of a different license block in the province of Santa Cruz. We have a great deal of respect for PCR oil and gas division general manager Mr. Miguel Torilo and are excited to play a role in his innovative vision of the exploration process,” said Dmitry Vilbaum, CEO of Terra Energy & Resource Technologies.

Mr. Vilbaum continued: “Terra needed approvals from local oil and gas authorities before PCR could include its STeP® Technology in its exploration work program of the block. A team effort was required to achieve success, and many parties contributed, but our South American partner Solvex deserves special mention as being instrumental in helping us navigate the process, gain the approvals in Chubut, and enable Terra and PCR to start this exciting project.”

Dr. Alexandre Agaian, President of Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, stated: “Chubut is one of the leading hydrocarbon producing provinces in Argentina. This key acceptance of STeP® should pave the way for us to obtain approvals in other provinces, such as Neuquen, Mendoza and Tierra del Fuego, where Terra is actively pursuing similar ratifications. These approvals are critical to the Company’s expansion plans in the region. Momentum seems to be building in Argentina and we hope to capitalize on it.”


Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc., through its subsidiary Terra Insight Services, Inc., provides mapping and analysis services for exploration, drilling, and mining companies related to natural resources found beneath the surface of the Earth. The Company uses a suite of innovative and efficient technologies in the prediction and location of commercially


71

viable deposits of hydrocarbons, gold, diamonds, and other natural resources, and assesses them for any given geographic area -- on or offshore. For more information, visit www.terrainsight.com.


This press release contains forward-looking information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and is subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. There are many factors that could cause the Company's expectations and beliefs about its operations, services, plans, projects, and contracts, and its plans or proposals to acquire interests in, or participate in, exploration activities or properties, to fail to materialize, including, but not limited to, availability of capital, satisfaction of contractual conditions and requirements, unfavorable geologic conditions, the amount of reserves projected or ultimately discovered, and general regional economic conditions.



212-286-9197 [email protected]

http://click.realtimesecfilings.com/ler/c2wsbpOfkmbf8OrtyOphfz3hOeqkOjfom/2/www.terrainsight.com



72

Terra Energy and Resource Technologies' STeP(R) Analysis Leads to Geological Discovery of Rubies and Gold in Cambodia

Date: 8/4/2010 6:00:00 AM Summary: Client's Geologists Confirm Terra's Predictions of Mineral Prospectivity, Reporting Commercial Gem and Gold Quantities


(OTCBB:TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, announces a substantial ruby

and gold geological discovery in Cambodia by The Millennium International Group based on Terra's

proprietary STeP(R) technology.

In the beginning of 2010, the Company, through its services subsidiary Terra Insight Services, Inc.,

performed a two-phase analysis to assess the ruby and gold mineralization potential of 100 square

kilometer target exploration area in Cambodia for its client, Millennium. Millennium's recent field

testing campaign confirmed Terra's analysis findings. The STeP research, carried out remotely using

three satellite-based and analytical methods, revealed several areas prospective for rubies and gold

in alluvial and hardrock form. Millennium acted on the recommendations provided by Terra and

dispatched its local geology team into certain areas delineated by Terra as prospective, starting with

the priority territory. Based on the results of bulk sampling and other geological work, Millennium's

geologists reported to Terra findings of gold and ruby gemstones in all of the sampled areas and

projecting commercial extraction of gems for at least five years.

"The work performed by Terra provided critical recommendations for drilling/mining locations

relating to the extraction of gold and rubies from the territory. We are not aware of any technology

capable of attaining these kinds of results solely from remote sensing, especially in alluvial gem

exploration. We believe Millennium's confirmation is a significant validation of Terra's technologies,

pointing to a bright future for the use of the STeP(R) technology in hardrock and alluvial deposit

exploration," said Dmitry Vilbaum, CEO of Terra Energy & Resource Technologies.

"Exploration via the STeP(R) technology was a novelty for Millennium, and we elected to proceed

because the evidence of the technologies' efficacy was convincing. We are delighted with the

results, because Terra's services has eliminated the traditional exploratory risks and dramatically

reduced our costs. The success from our initial testing efforts without any other prior geological

work can only be attributed to Terra's precision in predicting mineralization," said Dr. Robert Q. Lam,

Millennium's President.

"Terra's technologies were instrumental in exploring a pure jungle, difficult to access area, where

classic remote sensing as well as traditional geological methods would likely be stymied by the dense

vegetation and challenging terrain. All of this was done remotely using satellite data, and without

the need to set foot on the ground in Cambodia, demonstrating the power of the STeP(R)


73

technology. We identified several large mineral deposits in a fraction of the time and for a fraction of

the cost, compared to conventional exploration methods," added Mr. Vilbaum.

"It is important to observe that this service project has the potential to yield revenue beyond the

cash fees Terra has been paid for the services it rendered. In this STeP survey contract, Terra has also

earned a 3% overriding royalty and a 10% co-investment right. We are encouraged by Millennium's

prompt pursuit of exploration after our analysis. Expeditious commercialization of the deposit

should result in a near term royalty cash flow for Terra. We expect to make a decision on whether to

exercise our co-investment right in the near future," stated Dr. Alexandre Agaian, Terra's President.









This press release contains forward-looking information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and

Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and is subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. Certain

information contained in this press release is based on information provided by Millennium and its proposed activities.

There are many factors that could cause the Company's expectations and beliefs about its operations, services, plans,

projects, and contracts, and its plans or proposals to acquire interests in, or participate in, exploration activities or

properties, to fail to materialize, including, but not limited to, availability of capital, satisfaction of contractual

requirements, unfavorable geologic conditions, the amount of reserves projected or ultimately discovered, and general

regional economic conditions.

Contact:


212-286-9197

[email protected]

Emerging Markets Consulting, LLC

Investors Relations:

Jim Painter

407-488-4114

source:

http://terrainsight.secfilings.com/PressRelease/458/Terra-Energy-and-Resource-Technologies-

STeP%28R%29-Analysis-Leads-to-Geological-Discovery-of-Rubies-and-Gold-in-Cambodia.aspx

http://us.lrd.yahoo.com/_ylt=AhHWqXnjxgJBNOjxUmVlMH38ba9_;_ylu=X3oDMTE2Mm1vMXVqBHBvcwMyBHNlYwNuZXdzYXJ0Ym9keQRzbGsDaHR0cHd3d3RlcnJh/SIG=111nbsc8r/**http%3A/www.terrainsight.com/


74

Terra Energy & Resources Technology and PT sign Indonesian exploration deal

NEW YORK -- Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc. (OTCBB:TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, is expanding its oil and gas exploration services offering to Indonesia by signing a market partner agreement with PT.

Wahana Petranusa, an oil and gas services firm in Jakarta. The contract sets forth a market partner framework between the companies, granting Petranusa certain rights in connection with the sales and marketing of the Terra exploration services in Indonesia.

"PT. Wahana Petranusa has already proven itself as a strong local partner by arranging for a pilot exploration contract for the Indonesian state-owned Pertamina's oil and gas license territory. Our relationship started approximately one year ago, and we are encouraged to have solidified it via this market partner agreement and the services contract," said Dr. Alexandre Agaian, President of Terra Energy & Resource Technologies.

Dr. Agaian noted that Indonesia is a well established oil and gas exploration and production country also stating: "We have recently announced a similar market partner relationship with Solvex SA in South America, and since then we have provided potential clients there with commercial proposals. We will be holding a series of follow-up meetings and presentations in Buenos Aires during the week of May 17. We believe that Petranusa and Solvex will be valuable channels for offering Terra services internationally, paving the way to valuable contracts and projects."

http://www.epmag.com/Exploration/explorationnews/2010/May/item59990.php

http://www.epmag.com/Exploration/explorationnews/2010/May/item59990.php


75

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies Expands Its

Reach to Indonesia Via a Market Partner Agreement

NEW YORK, May 17, 2010 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc. (OTCBB:TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, is expanding its oil and gas exploration services offering to Indonesia by signing a market partner agreement with PT. Wahana Petranusa, an oil and gas services firm in Jakarta. The contract sets forth a market partner framework between the companies, granting Petranusa certain rights in connection with the sales and marketing of the Terra exploration services in Indonesia.



http://www.globenewswire.com/newsroom/news.html?d=192039

http://www.globenewswire.com/newsroom/headlines.html?symbol=TEGR



76

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies to Explore Pertamina's Oil & Gas Block in Indonesia -- a Service Contract Signed for a STeP

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies to Explore Pertamina's Oil & Gas Block in

Indonesia -- a Service Contract Signed for a STeP(R) Survey

NEW YORK, April 12, 2010 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Terra Energy & Resource Technologies,

Inc. (OTCBB:TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, announces the

service contract for the analysis of an onshore license block controlled by Pertamina, an

Indonesian state-owned oil and gas company. The agreement was signed with Pertamina's

service contractor PT. Wahana Petranusa.

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies will receive cash fees for providing exploration

services using its proprietary STeP® technology in connection with a large license block

located in Sumatra, Indonesia to determine and delineate areas of oil and gas prospectivity.

"Indonesia is a recognized oil and gas producing country, and our entry into the Indonesian

exploration market is a significant milestone for the Company. Pertamina is one of the

largest oil and gas companies in the world and is the most profitable state company in

Indonesia," said Dr. Alexandre Agaian, Terra Energy & Resource Technologies'

President. "There were several recent unsuccessful drilling attempts on this license block,

and Terra is excited to take on the challenge of exploration where traditional methods

failed."

"PT. Wahana Petranusa and Pertamina recognize the value of Terra's technologies and are

using this contract as a pilot," said Dmitry Vilbaum, Terra Energy & Resource Technologies'

Chief Executive Officer. "We are confident that this contract will open other doors within

Pertamina and the country of Indonesia."

http://www.bloomberg.com/


77


Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc., through its subsidiary Terra Insight Services,

Inc., provides mapping and analysis services for exploration, drilling, and mining companies

related to natural resources found beneath the surface of the Earth. The Company uses a

suite of innovative and efficient technologies, which facilitate the prediction and location of

commercially viable deposits of hydrocarbons, gold, diamonds, and other natural resources,

and assesses them for any given geographic area -- on or offshore. For more information,

visit http://www.terrainsight.com.

Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ajVAX3P9yiF0

http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ajVAX3P9yiF0


78

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies Expands Its Reach to Indonesia

Via a Market Partner Agreement

NEW YORK, May 17, 2010 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc. (OTCBB:TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, is expanding its oil and gas exploration services offering to Indonesia by signing a market partner agreement with PT. Wahana Petranusa, an oil and gas services firm in Jakarta. The contract sets forth a market partner framework between the companies, granting Petranusa certain rights in connection with the sales and marketing of the Terra exploration services in Indonesia.



Source: http://www.globenewswire.com/newsroom/news.html?d=192039

http://www.globenewswire.com/index.html

http://www.globenewswire.com/newsroom/headlines.html?symbol=TEGR



79

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies signs Indonesian service

contract--EXPLORATION

NEW YORK-- Terra Energy & Resource Technologies, Inc. (OTCBB:TEGR) announces the service contract for the analysis of an onshore license block controlled by Pertamina, an Indonesian state-owned oil and gas company. The agreement was signed with Pertamina's service contractor PT. Wahana Petranusa.

Terra Energy & Resource Technologies will receive cash fees for providing exploration services using its proprietary STeP(R) technology in connection with a large license block located in Sumatra, Indonesia to determine and delineate areas of oil and gas prospectivity.

"Indonesia is a recognized oil and gas producing country, and our entry into the Indonesian exploration market is a significant milestone for the Company. Pertamina is one of the largest oil and gas companies in the world and is the most profitable state company in Indonesia," said Dr. Alexandre Agaian, Terra Energy & Resource Technologies' President.

"There were several recent unsuccessful drilling attempts on this license block, and Terra is excited to take on the challenge of exploration where traditional methods failed."

"PT. Wahana Petranusa and Pertamina recognize the value of Terra's technologies and are using this contract as a pilot," said Dmitry Vilbaum, Terra Energy & Resource Technologies' Chief Executive Officer. "We are confident that this contract will open other doors within Pertamina and the country of Indonesia."

Source:

http://www.epmag.com/Exploration/explorationnews/2010/April/item58143.phpource:

http://www.epmag.com/Exploration/explorationnews/2010/April/item58143.phpource


80

Terra Energy and Resource Technologies' STeP® Analysis Leads to

Geological Discovery of Rubies and Gold in Cambodia

Date: 8/4/2010 6:00:00 AM Summary: Client's Geologists Confirm Terra's Predictions of

Mineral Prospectivity, Reporting Commercial Gem and Gold Quantities


(OTCBB:TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, announces a substantial ruby

and gold geological discovery in Cambodia by The Millennium International Group based on Terra's

proprietary STeP technology.

In the beginning of 2010, the Company, through its services subsidiary Terra Insight Services, Inc.,

performed a two-phase analysis to assess the ruby and gold mineralization potential of 100 square

kilometer target exploration area in Cambodia for its client, Millennium. Millennium's recent field

testing campaign confirmed Terra's analysis findings. The STeP research, carried out remotely using

three satellite-based and analytical methods, revealed several areas prospective for rubies and gold

in alluvial and hardrock form. Millennium acted on the recommendations provided by Terra and

dispatched its local geology team into certain areas delineated by Terra as prospective, starting with

the priority territory. Based on the results of bulk sampling and other geological work, Millennium's

geologists reported to Terra findings of gold and ruby gemstones in all of the sampled areas and

projecting commercial extraction of gems for at least five years.

"The work performed by Terra provided critical recommendations for drilling/mining locations relating

to the extraction of gold and rubies from the territory. We are not aware of any technology capable of

attaining these kinds of results solely from remote sensing, especially in alluvial gem exploration. We

believe Millennium's confirmation is a significant validation of Terra's technologies, pointing to a bright

future for the use of the STeP technology in hardrock and alluvial deposit exploration," said Dmitry

Vilbaum, CEO of Terra Energy & Resource Technologies.

"Exploration via the STeP(R) technology was a novelty for Millennium, and we elected to proceed

because the evidence of the technologies' efficacy was convincing. We are delighted with the results,

because Terra's services has eliminated the traditional exploratory risks and dramatically reduced our

costs. The success from our initial testing efforts without any other prior geological work can only be

attributed to Terra's precision in predicting mineralization," said Dr. Robert Q. Lam, Millennium's

President.

"Terra's technologies were instrumental in exploring a pure jungle, difficult to access area, where

classic remote sensing as well as traditional geological methods would likely be stymied by the dense

vegetation and challenging terrain. All of this was done remotely using satellite data, and without the

need to set foot on the ground in Cambodia, demonstrating the power of the STeP technology. We


81

identified several large mineral deposits in a fraction of the time and for a fraction of the cost,

compared to conventional exploration methods," added Mr. Vilbaum.

"It is important to observe that this service project has the potential to yield revenue beyond the cash

fees Terra has been paid for the services it rendered. In this STeP survey contract, Terra has also

earned a 3% overriding royalty and a 10% co-investment right. We are encouraged by Millennium's

prompt pursuit of exploration after our analysis. Expeditious commercialization of the deposit should

result in a near term royalty cash flow for Terra. We expect to make a decision on whether to exercise

our co-investment right in the near future," stated Dr. Alexandre Agaian, Terra's President.











safe harbor created by those sections. Certain information contained in this press release is based on

information provided by Millennium and its proposed activities. There are many factors that could

cause the Company's expectations and beliefs about its operations, services, plans, projects, and

contracts, and its plans or proposals to acquire interests in, or participate in, exploration activities or

properties, to fail to materialize, including, but not limited to, availability of capital, satisfaction of

contractual requirements, unfavorable geologic conditions, the amount of reserves projected or

ultimately discovered, and general regional economic conditions.

Source: http://theotcinvestor.com/terra-energy-resource-technologies-otc-bb-tegr-stepr-

analysis-leads-to-geological-discovery-of-rubies-and-gold-in-cambodia-771/


http://theotcinvestor.com/terra-energy-resource-technologies-otc-bb-tegr-stepr-analysis-leads-to-geological-discovery-of-rubies-and-gold-in-cambodia-771/

http://theotcinvestor.com/terra-energy-resource-technologies-otc-bb-tegr-stepr-analysis-leads-to-geological-discovery-of-rubies-and-gold-in-cambodia-771/


82

$2 Million Contract to Terra Energy and Resource Technologies, Inc.

for a Country-wide Natural Resource Survey of Sierra Leone

Date: 8/2/2010 6:05:00 AM Summary: The Ministry of Mineral Resources of the

Government of Sierra Leone Awards Terra Energy & Resource Technologies with a STeP®

Technology Services Contract


(OTCBB:TEGR), a natural resource exploration technology company, signed a services contract with

the Ministry of Mineral Resources of the Government of Sierra Leone for the application of its satellite-

based STeP® technology to survey the country of Sierra Leone for various natural resources. The

contract sets forth a two stage delivery of the results with a $600,000 advance payment, followed by

two equal progress payments over nine months. The agreement was signed by Hon. Alhaji Alpha

Kanu, the Minister of Mineral Resources of Sierra Leone. As part of the agreement, Terra is expected

to post a performance bond and secure an advance payment guarantee related to the delivery of

phase one of the two-phase report.

"Thanks to the vision of the Minister, this government initiative to unveil the full potential of Sierra

Leone's natural resources can now move toward realization. Terra is very pleased and proud to have

been chosen to play such an important role in the economic development of Sierra Leone and

considers this another confirmation of its leadership status in the application of remote sensing

technologies for resource exploration purposes. Terra will essentially build a natural resource atlas of

the whole country of Sierra Leone," said Dr. Alexandre Agaian, President of Terra Energy & Resource

Technologies.

Dr. Agaian noted that although Sierra Leone is rich in natural resources, many of its territories are

underexplored and would likely remain so without alternative exploration strategies, because the

costs and risks associated with conventional exploration methods are very high. He further observed

that Terra's low cost, efficient, accurate, and environmentally friendly remote sensing and analytical

technologies are uniquely suited to address these challenges. He went on to say: "Governments in

the developing world, today more than ever, want to encourage private investment for resource

development. In addition, governments hope to obtain greater and more in-depth knowledge of their

natural resource potential in order to optimize the distribution of their mineral rights and maximize their

share of potential royalty revenues. In this country mapping project, our technology helps unify

financial goals and interests of both the government and the exploration industry, providing valuable

information about hydrocarbon and mineral prospectivity areas and assisting the parties to adequately

size and price exploration opportunities in any area of Sierra Leone."

"Sierra Leone is not the only country expressing interest in remote sensing and other environmentally

and socially safe methods of exploration," said Dmitry Vilbaum, CEO of Terra Energy & Resource

Technologies. "On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, we have strong interest from several


83

governments pursuing resource development. Colombia's National Hydrocarbons Agency requested

a proposal for a STeP survey of a large area. Terra's technologies have also stirred considerable

interest with the state-owned Perupetro in Peru and discussions continue. Our ramped-up sales

efforts over the last several months in South America have resulted in Terra issuing approximately

twenty proposals for services contracts to prospective exploration customers. We are encouraged that

the exploration world is waking to the potential of Terra's technologies and the reduction in risk, cost

and time they can achieve."









This press release may contain forward-looking information within the meaning of Section 27A of the



expectations and beliefs about its operations and business plans, its services and service offerings,

its services proposals and contracts, its plans to acquire interests in exploration properties or

technologies, plans to drill or drilling results to fail to materialize, including, but not limited to:

competition for new acquisitions; availability of capital; satisfaction of contracted requirements;

unfavorable geologic conditions; prevailing prices for oil, natural gas and other natural resources; and

general regional economic conditions.

Source: http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/archives/12103


http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/archives/12103


84


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86


87


88


89

Pertamina, Russia in Accord to Boost Oil Output

JAKARTA - State oil producer Pertamina has reached a joint study agreement with VNIIGAS, a

Russian oil and gas technological research agency, to boost Indonesia's oil production capacity.

According to Irzal Chaniago, president of PT Wahana Petranusa, the Russian firm's local partner, the

pilot projects will be located in oilfields in Jatibarang, Jambi and Pramubulih. The Russian company is

studying the data of the three oilfields. The result of the study is expected to be applicable at the

end of this year.

http://www.atimes.com/bizasia/BG20Aa01.html

http://www.atimes.com/bizasia/BG20Aa01.html


90

ITAR/TASS News Agency / March 21, 2002 4:55 AM EST

Russia wins tender to introduce oil technologies in Indonesia Россия выиграла тендер по внедрению вибросейсмической технологии при добыче нефти

By Andrei Bychkov

JAKARTA, Mar 21, 2002 (Itar-Tass via COMTEX) -- A group of Russian oil researchers headed by the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Vladimir Belonenko, and their Indonesian partner company Wahana Petranusa, have won a tender for the introduction in Indonesia of advanced technologies of vibro-seismic impact on oil deposits, Belonenko, who is currently in Indonesia, told Tass by telephone on Thursday.

Indonesia's state oil giant company PERTAMINA held the tender. Russia's advanced vibro-seismic technologies are already successfully used at the biggest in Indonesia and the entire South-Eastern Asia oil deposit Minas, where oil is produced by the U.S. Caltex corporation. Now, works will begin at an oil deposit belonging to PERTAMINA. Thus, Russian technologies aimed at increasing oil production are facing broad prospects, taking in view the exhaustion of Indonesian oil deposits and Indonesian government's bid to reverse that negative tendency

© 1996-2002 ITAR-TASS. All rights reserved. Copyright 2002, ITAR/TASS News Agency, all rights reserved

http://www.prometeus.nsc.ru/science/scidig/02/march2.ssi#17

http://www.prometeus.nsc.ru/science/scidig/02/march2.ssi#17


91

Caltex Akan Gunakan VSIT Untuk Tingkatkan Produksi

Minyak Reporter: Anita Hendranugraha

detikcom - Jakarta, PT Caltex Pacific Indonesia akan menggunakan teknologi Vibration Seismic

Impact Technology (VSIT) dari Rusia untuk meningkatkan produksi minyaknya di lapangan minyak

Minas, Riau. Untuk itu Caltex akan menjalin kerjasama dengan PT Wahana Petranusa (WP) dalam

rangka penggunaan teknologi tersebut. Demikian dikatakan Presiden Direktur WP Irzal Chaniago

kepada wartawan di Land Mark Building, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta, Selasa (14/8/2001).

Dijelaskan Irzal, saat ini lapangan minyak Minas dapat memproduksi 140-150 barel per hari yang

didapat dari 1300 sumurnya. "Dengan penggunaan teknologi baru itu, angka tersebut diharapkan

dapat meningkat sebesar 20%," katanya. Tahapan kerjasama antara Caltex dan WP tersebut

menurut Irzal saat ini hanya tinggal menunggu kontrak sehingga September 2001 proyek dapat

berjalan sementara LoI keduanya telah diselesaikan.

Teknologi VSIT sendiri merupakan teknologi yang menggunakan getaran yang dapat menghasilkan

satu mikro akustik sehingga bisa menurunkan kekentalan minyak serta mengurangi ketegangan

permukaan sehingga dapat mengalirkan minyak ke sumur-sumur produksi. Teknologi tersebut

diadopsi dari Rusia dan Indonesia merupakan negara kedua setelah Rusia yang menggunakan

teknologi tersebut. Sebelumnya teknologi VSIT ini pernah digunakan pula oleh WP dalam

mengerjakan lapangan minyak di Pager Riau dan tercatat produksi yang semula di Pager 3300 barel

perhari seteleh menerapkan teknologi VSIT ini meningkat 20%. (qom)


92

JAKARTA, KOMPAS - Pavel V Korol (49), ilmuwan dan praktisi pertambangan asal Rusia, telah mengajukan proposal ke sejumlah kementerian di Indonesia untuk menghentikan semburan air dan lumpur di Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur. Pavel, Minggu malam lalu di Jakarta menegaskan, 90 persen risiko akan ditanggungnya. Pemerintah Indonesia tidak perlu membayarnya jika teknologi yang ditawarkan itu gagal mematikan semburan lumpur yang telah menenggelamkan empat desa, dan mengakibatkan sekitar 12.000 jiwa harus mengungsi itu.

“Terus-terang sekarang ini persoalannya seperti persoalan politik bukan? Kalau tidak diambil sampai kapan masyarakat di sana akan terus menderita? Karena itu saya mengajukan proposal ini. No cure no pay! (kalau tidak selesai masalahnya tidak perlu bayar),” kata Pavel menegaskan kepada Kompas bahwa ia sangat serius dengan tawaran teknologinya.

Ia didampingi Duta Besar Indonesia untuk Rusia, Susanto Pudjomartono, dan Irzal Chaniago, Presiden Asosisasi Teknologi Adiguna Rusia-Indonesia (Astari). Secara khusus, Pavel juga sudah meninjau sejumlah lokasi semburan lumpur di Sidoarjo pekan lalu.

Tiga teori

Ia menjelaskan tiga hal mendasar dari teknologi yang ditawarkannya. Pertama ia tidak sependapat bahwa kejadian semburan lumpur di Sidoarjo sebagai bagian dari aktivitas gunung lumpur atau mud volcano yang umumnya diterima publik.

Karena itu, semburan lumpur itu masih mungkin dikendalikan, dan dimatikan alirannya. Masalah seperti itu, adalah kajadian atau kasus yang tidak luar biasa.

“Tetapi kalau terus dibiarkan, sudah jelas risikonya, yaitu makin banyak orang menderita, dan mungkin ia akan menjadi mud vulcano,” kata Pavel.

Kedua, teknologi yang ditawarkannya adalah gabungan penggunanaan tekanan yang sangat besar (sekiar 1.000 atmosphere/ATM), dan teknologi “selubung payung”. Jika selama ini teknologi tekanan besar digunakan justru untuk “memompa” kandungan bumi seperti minyak dan gas, tekanan udara yang digunakannya justru untuk menghentikan semburan air dan lumpur tadi ke atas.

Sedangkan yang dimaksud selubung payung (dia menyebutnya teknologi umbrella), adalah lapisan-lapisan selubung dari bahan polimer pada radius tertentu mengelilingi atau di sekitar lubang-lubang semburan lumpur. Zat polimer, diketahui merupakan “adonan” yang akan berubah menjadi keras menyerupai karet pada saat kering. Tentu saja, “lapisan” atau “konstruksi” payung itu letaknya di kedalaman tertentu, sekitar 3.000 kaki.

Kalau aliran lumpur tidak tertutup juga, maka akan dibuat payung kedua, ketiga, dan seterusnya pada kedalaman dan lokasi berbeda. Tujuannya untuk menutup rekahan-rekahan batuan/lapisan tanah yang sudah menjadi aliran lumpur atau yang belum jadi “jalan” aliran lumpur.

Langkah pembuatan payung dimulai dengan membuat jendela (bukaan) masing-masing 3.000 kaki, mengebor lajur tepi (sidetrack), hingga 3.500 kaki, memasang cashing, masing-masing 3.500 kaki,


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mengebor bagian lateral (menyamping) sepanjang 500 meter ke depan, meretakkan/memecahkan batuan secara hidrolik dan mengisinya dengan “semen” dari polimer tadi.

Pada saat seluruh “radius” ledakan/rembesan lumpur sudah terkendali oleh payung polimer, pada saat itulah lubang semburan yang utama mulai ditangani dengan menutupnya dengan hydro-packing bertekanan besar, serta polimer.

“Teknologi yang ditawarkan ini menggunakan cara berpikir tebalik. Dia justru menggunakan hydro packing dan tekanan tinggi menahan semburan dari dalam,” kata Irzal menambahkan.

Pembiayaan

Pavel menjelaskan, proposal itu telah diajukannya ke depan staf ahli Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup (LH) Rachmat Witoelar, dan staf ahli Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Purnomo Yusgiantoro pekan lalu.

“Proposal ini pada dasarnya 90 persen risiko pada saya. Nilai 90 persen itu dibayar jika pekerjaan selesai, dan lumpur mati,” katanya.

Sedangkan 10 persen yang harus disediakan pemerintah atau Lapindo, sepenuhnya hanya untuk mendatangkan peralatan, dan SDM yang menangani teknologi. Belum termasuk fee untuk Pavel dan timnya.

Nilai 10 persen sebagai uang muka itu, jumlahnya sekitar 50.000 dollar AS. “Tidak besar, dibanding jumlah yang telah dikeluarkan Lapindo tiap hari,” katanya.

Kedatangan Pavel ke Indonesia, diakui oleh Susanto Pudjomartono atas inisitifnya. Ilmuwan yang malang melintang di berbagai perusahaan pertambangan Kanada, AS, Siberia, Kazakstan, maupun Kamzatka itu, sebelumnya bertemu dengan mantan Dubes Indonesia untuk Rusia Rachmat Witoelar. Lalu Witoelar dan Susanto sepakat, untuk memperkenalkan Pavel membantu mengatasi semburan lumpur.

“Apa yang bisa kami lakukan, kami lakukan. Ini demi bangsa kita yang terus menderita akibat bencana lumpur ini. Apalagi Bapak Presiden akan berkunjung ke Rusia 30 November-1 Desember nanti,” kata Susanto.

Irzal mendukung langkah Susanto, karena tawaran Pavel merupakan bagian dari alih teknologi antarkedua bangsa. (HRD)


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OIL & GAS EURASIA

From the West Siberian Tundra to the Tropics of Indonesia - Fracing Works!

Hydraulic reservoir fracturing (frac) and the so-called well run "optimization" have

become the main well work performed at the majority of Russian oil companies in the

past decade, due to their high technological efficiency and simplicity.

Hydraulic reservoir fracturing (frac) and the so-called well run "optimization" have become the main well work performed at the majority of Russian oil companies in the past decade due to their high technological efficiency and simplicity. Frac is understood as a process of creating artificial fractures in the least tough layers of the oil reservoir, which are initially of higher permeability and better mineability. For that reason, when hydrofracturing is performed in reservoirs of permeable heterogeneity (and this mostly being the case), their natural heterogeneity increases, with the part of oil-saturated rock volume being excluded from the active development, and the bypassed oil at the treated section moves to hard-to-recover category. "Optimization" for the most part is understood as boosting fluid withdrawal under the highest differential pressure drawdown possible, from the maximum possible depth, using pumps of maximum discharge. The above-mentioned works are aimed at accelerating field development with the highest possible profit. Accelerating is understood here as intensifying production of easily accessible and relatively cheap oil. Apparently, in all operating fields two oil flows can be singled out: one is comparatively cheap and the other is expensive. The "cheap" oil is quite easily extracted from low-watered actual reserves, while the "expensive" oil is difficultly recovered from high-watered residual reserves, cost-effective development of which requires highly intellectual labor intensive technologies. Those two most popular kinds of well work can be combined into a single line (the so-called "mainstream"), which moves from one field to another, involving low-watered and other easily accessible oil reserves into accelerated development. It enables the company as a whole to temporarily compensate for production decline at watered deposit areas and to maintain relatively high oil extraction levels. At present frac and boosting fluid withdrawal are the most advertised techniques to increase oil production. However, at across-the-board presentations of "mainstream" as oil production intensification technique, not much is usually said about what can be expected in the years to come. The way frac and boosting fluid withdrawal influence oil recovery is not clear yet due to the shortage of success stories of usage under low hydrocarbon saturation and high layer-by-layer permeable heterogeneity, which is characteristic of most of the oil fields in Western Siberia. Both frac and boosting fluid withdrawal are extremely effective techniques of reservoir development when used under strictly determined geological conditions and in combination with rationing techniques, as well as with methods of improving oil reserves development. For example, boosting fluid withdrawal, as a method to increase oil recovery, proved to be highly effective in Bashkiria, where high hydrocarbon saturation (70 percent and more) makes reservoirs water-repellent,


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capable of disposing water and oil along all the reservoir perforation with the maximum conformance through sweepout. Using "mainstream" effectively to enhance oil production and to stimulate wells is only possible under optimal interaction of man-caused and natural field development factors, provided such task is allotted. However, nowadays the Russian Federation has no legal device to provide the balance of subsurface user rights and responsibility between oil producing intensification (as a right for the highest profit making possible) and approved oil recovery (as a responsibility to the government and the society). Such a device should be developed and implemented by the field development planners; however, even the largest developers in most cases do not bother to do so. That is why "mainstream", having fulfilled the simplified task of accelerating easy-to-recover oil reserves development, moves ahead and leaves behind unjustifiably large out-of-action well stock, which requires squeeze cementing and other techniques to reextract residual hard-to-recover oil reserves. Squeeze cementing is the most expensive and the least effective oil field operation, but indispensable to extract residual reserves. Since "mainstream" is only used in low-watered and highly productive field sections, billion tons of oil fall out of the sphere of companies' strategic interests and are lost. The above oil used to be considered recoverable reserves and the companies are most likely to return them to the government before the license period expires. "Mainstream" will soon move to new territories - shelf, Eastern Siberia and so on, and the remaining hard-to-recover reserves will have to be developed by traditional techniques, which used to be employed universally to maintain oil production. Luckily, not all companies behave in this way. Companies with oil potential in restricted territories (e.g., in the same republic or region) cannot afford such squandering, and employ therefore a whole range of traditional techniques for well stimulating: physicochemical, hydrodynamic, physical, and microbiological. At present the main well works at high-watered field sections are various chemical and hydrodynamic treatment techniques to control reservoir seepage, as well as injection rate and inflow profiles in near-wellbore zones. Straddling techniques, ratholing, acid, acoustic, thermal and some other types of near-wellbore zone treatment are used less frequently. In this article we dwell upon some universally known factors of oil field development, which are often disregarded. It is a common knowledge, that at any field and at any stage of its development the oil recovery is determined by two ratios: oil displacement ratio and conformance displacement ratio. The first one characterizes the natural ability of water or other agents to bleed maximum oil volume from the oil-saturated rock (usually, it makes up 0.4-0.6 of the total oil volume in the waterflood section of the reservoir). The second one determines the portion of oil reserves involved in development of the given object. The value of conformance displacement ratio depends on the field development stage, on the arrangement of operating wells and perforation intervals, as well as on well works performed at a given field. The above mentioned ratio amounts (under the highest effective development technology possible) to 0.5-1.0. The product of those two basic ratios is the oil recovery ratio, which is binding on all subsurface users in accordance with the Subsurface Act of the Russian Federation currently in force.


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Speaking about the ratios, it is worth mentioning that all the above reservoir treatment techniques for watered field zones are exclusively directed at increasing oil deposit conformance through sweepout. At the same time, it is not possible due to different reasons to involve the total volume of oil reserves into development, especially the ones contained in low-permeability reservoirs. Obviously, a new class of techniques and implementation technologies is required, to intensify oil-sweeping mechanisms of the traditional well works. To such class of techniques belongs a group of wave methods based on technologies of applying various physical fields: seismic, electromagnetic and some other ones. It has been more than 20 years since the positive results of the industrial application of wave reservoir treatment methods were obtained. The most effective of the wave methods is the one of vibro-seismic impact (VSIT). The gist of VSIT is that the oil deposit is treated with elastic waves, generated by the surface mounted source. The most effective sources of seismic waves are standard vibrators, employed for geophysical studying of lithosphere. The elastic wave impact on oil deposits excites a number of intrastratal processes, leading to the current oil production increase. The most obvious of the above positive shows are lowering water cutting of well and increasing productivity of near-wellbore zone, manifested in dynamic level uplift and fluid recovery rate growth. The elastic waves are capable of increasing reciprocal viscosity of tough oil, which results in appearing of oil with increased values of density, thickness and some other parameters in individual wells. The above fact confirms including oil reserves, non-recoverable by means of traditional water flooding into development and opens up new opportunities for well stimulation through quaternary methods. In various journals, patents and other publications a lot of mechanisms were described, which, according to the authors, lead to additional oil production. Some authors consider the main mechanism of increasing oil production under VSIT to be relieving minor tectonic stresses in reservoirs, which leads to structural changing in void space and increasing reservoir conformance through sweepout. The others contend that the main mechanisms would be interstitial and intracapillary processes, which appear in the form of changing rock wettability, lowering oil-rock interfacial tension forces, increasing relative permeability for oil in waterflooded rock volume, etc. But the key point is that under VSIT a new principle of oil production is realized: at first a definite volume of moveable oil emerges from the non-recoverable section of geological reserves as a result of watered reservoir treatment, and then it is recovered together with the oil, which was earlier in relatively slow-moving condition. For the first time additional oil reserves appear in the field not due to exploration, but as a result of controlled volume treatment technology. The authors of the present article participated in organizing and conducting vibro-seismic impact in the number of oil fields in Indonesia. All the treated fields are at the final development stage and have high degree of recoverable reserves production, as well as high water cut of the produced fluid connected with it. The works performance depends on the correct choice of dominant frequency, intensity, mode and sections of treatment, which, in their turn, are determined by the geological condition of the field.


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One of the critical peculiarities of VSIT is that due to nonlinear wave interaction under definite conditions the effect of well recovery rate increase can show at a considerable distance (up to 5-10 km) from the seismic vibration source, which allows to treat hard-to-access field sections. Table 1 provides general parameters of the treated fields. Fig. 1 shows the effect dynamics, from the Indonesian fields of different geological parameters according to the data, provided by a service company PT SVI (PT Sistim Vibro Indonesia). The physical fields provide access to cross-borehole reservoir zones. To compare these multidimensioned fields, the effect is shown in percents of exceeding actual oil production over the basic one, and the figures next to the names of the fields denote the current oil production volume. The graph shows that the method employed in these fields allows increasing the current oil production by 20 percent and more. The high effect duration (between one to one and half year), as well as a certain change in physical parameters of oil confirms including additional oil reserves into development. The PT SVI Company holds exclusive rights for the VSIT (Vibro-Seismic Impact Technology) application in Indonesia. In Russia, these operations are carried out by Scientific and Production Center GEONEFTEGAZ. During and after VSIT, a unique phenomenon is registered: the efficiency of all well works carried out in the field with the purpose of maintaining oil production is increasing. The above concerns the works aimed at replacing of pumping equipment in the well, at changing perforation intervals as well as treating reservoir with acid, shifting wells to other objects, etc. After VSIT, all the above works become 20-50 percent more effective as compared to the previous year - year and a half. After one VSIT cycle (lasting between one to three months on average), the effect is supported by further current scheduled activity on the wells until all the accessible volume of moveable oil reserves, formed in the course of treatment, is exhausted. Fig. 2 indicates the result of a minor oil field treatment, carried out from a distance of about 7 km away from the oil zone outline. In spite of high water cutting ratio of the given field (86 percent), the oil recovery increased twice and stood at that level for more than three months. It means that the cost efficiency of development can be increased for minor fields where well workover or water flooding are not economically sound. In multilayer reservoirs VSIT allows for activating hard-to-recover reserves development under the joined production activity in layers of different geological parameters, as it increases moveable oil volume in cross-borehole field zones and lowers skin-factor in near-wellbore zones. From the experience of PT Sistim Vibro Indonesia, a company, conducting vibro-seismic impact in Indonesia, a treated field sees the increase of oil recovery rate at 30-40 percent of the wells. To increase the vibro-impact effect for the wells being non-responsive to VSIT, but within the treated area, it would be only logical to perform special well works, allowing for including additional volume of moveable oil into development at a moderate price. For this purpose, RUNTEC-Indonesia consortium was formed in Indonesia. The above consortium


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engages in organizing implementation of Russian technologies, united under the common name of Volume Hydro-Seismic Impact. Conclusion

1. A new period in oil field development has begun when oil production enhancement activities, such as frac and boosting fluid withdrawal have to actively supplement well stimulation methods.

2. Alongside with the necessity of applying traditional techniques for well stimulation the time has come for using volumetric wave technology of reservoir treating, as a way of oil field development.

3. The basic technological peculiarity of the volumetric wave impact is in the fact that this

method provides the increment of moveable oil reserves even at the exhausted fields, due to which a considerable performance enhancement of all the downhole well works takes place there.

January 2008 Source: http://www.oilandgaseurasia.com/articles/p/11/article/143/

http://www.oilandgaseurasia.com/articles/p/11/article/143/


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20 November 2006

Tawaran dari Sang Kamerad

Kini giliran pakar dari Rusia bermaksud menaklukkan lumpur Lapindo. Lazimnya, Indonesia sering mendengarkan saran dari pakar AS dan Eropa Barat, tapi kini sudah waktunya-seperti yang dikatakan Irzal Chaniago, Presiden Teknologi Adiguna Rusia-Indonesia (Astari)-Indonesia menjenguk "the other side of the moon". Maksudnya adalah "menjenguk Rusia".

Untuk mempromosikan "sisi lain permukaan bulan" itulah, kelompok Astari membawa dua pakar Rusia yang mengaku sanggup menghentikan semburan lumpur di Sidoarjo. Sebulan silam, kelompok Astari mendatangkan Pavel V. Korol. Ahli pengeboran minyak ini mengusulkan gabungan teknologi selubung payung dan tekanan besar. Pavel, yang hadir ke Indonesia bersama Duta Besar Indonesia untuk Rusia, Susanto Pudjomartono, telah bertemu dua menteri, Purnomo Yusgiantoro dan Rachmat Witoelar

Susanto mengakui kedatangan Pavel atas inisiatifnya. Namun, menurut Irzal, kedua kamerad itu masuk tim yang sama. "Pavel jago membunuh semburan, sementara Pavlov ahli mendeteksi bawah permukaan," katanya di kantornya, kompleks perumahan Pertamina, Kuningan, Jakarta Selatan. Keduanya memang tidak hadir bersamaan di Indonesia, karena memiliki kesibukan yang berbeda.

Sedangkan pada Senin pekan lalu, Irzal menghadirkan Mikhail Pavlov Viktorovich dalam diskusi di kantor Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) di Jakarta. Pavlov, yang menjadi pembicara utama, menawarkan teknologi MSM dan stratum well field (SWF). Adapun teknologi micro-seismic monitoring (MSM) dikembangkan Institut Teknologi Informasi Rusia.

Pavlov menjelaskan, untuk menghentikan semburan lumpur, harus diketahui terlebih dulu lapisan di bawah permukaan Porong, misalnya dari lapisan mana lumpur itu keluar, berapa volume dan bagaimana arahnya. "Jika pangkal penyebabnya diketahui, upaya penghentian semburan dapat dilakukan dengan cepat," katanya.

Menurut Pavlov, gabungan teknologi SWF dan MSM mampu mengetahui secara lebih jelas kondisi di bawah permukaan bumi. Pada SWF, pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggabungkan sekitar 350 parameter seismisitas, gravitasi, kemagnetan, dan keruangan. Hasil dari penggabungan data akan muncul dalam citra tiga dimensi. "Ini yang membedakan dengan teknologi yang ada," ujar Pavlov.

Adapun MSM merupakan teknik survei di lapangan yang menggunakan alat sensor yang ditanam di kedalaman tertentu. Semakin dalam dan lebar area yang akan dipantau, jumlah alatnya semakin banyak. Alat ini mampu menyampaikan sinyal yang menunjukkan posisi dan aliran material yang ada dalam permukaan bumi.

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http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2006/11/20/ILT/mbm.20061120.ILT122283.id.html


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Jika kedua teknologi itu diterapkan di Sidoarjo, SWF bakal memetakan struktur geologi. Sementara itu, dengan MSM, bakal dideteksi sumber lapisan yang bocor serta arah aliran air dan lumpur dari bawah ke atas permukaan. "Kombinasi keduanya mampu merekonstruksi model geologi di lapisan gunung lumpur dalam perut bumi," kata pakar dari Institut Teknologi Informasi Rusia ini. Dia mengklaim, tingkat akurasi teknologi ini untuk mengidentifikasi obyek tergolong tinggi, yakni hingga 95 persen.

Apakah yang ditawarkan Pavlov merupakan teknologi baru? Tidak. Agung Budi Darmoyo, ahli geologi dari Lapindo Brantas Inc., menjelaskan bahwa Halliburton menggunakan MSM ketika memetakan lapisan bawah tanah Porong. Perusahaan dari Amerika Serikat ini disewa Lapindo untuk menghentikan semburan lumpur yang sejak 29 Mei belum juga berhenti. "Memang ada noise dan tidak bisa memetakan secara jelas," kata Agung.

Ketua Program Studi Geofisika ITB, Darharta Dahrin, mengaku telah menggunakan teknologi MSM sejak 10 tahun lalu. "Yang baru dari Pavlov adalah menggabungkan semua metode, mulai dari seismisitas sampai kemagnetan," kata Darharta, yang memperoleh gelar doktor geofisika dari Universitas Paris VII. Selain itu, ujarnya, peralatan yang dimiliki Pavlov sangat lengkap.

Darharta, yang hadir dalam diskusi di BPPT, menilai Pavlov masih tertutup dalam menjelaskan metode itu. Padahal, katanya, untuk aplikasi satu teknologi, kita harus mengetahui landasan teoretis dan uji coba pemakaiannya, sehingga dapat diketahui kelebihan dan kekurangannya. "Sayangnya, Pavlov tidak menerangkan itu semua," ujarnya.

Yusuf Surachman, Direktur Pusat Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi Inventarisasi Sumber Daya Alam BPPT, juga berpendapat senada. "Kami harus mengetahui terlebih dulu sejauh mana yang ditawarkan Pavlov diterima dunia industri," katanya. Namun dia mengakui kecenderungan ilmuwan Rusia untuk berhati-hati.

Pavlov memang berjanji bakal mengungkap lebih jauh jika ada kesepakatan dengan pihak terkait untuk menerapkannya di Sidoarjo. Pernyataan semacam ini mirip dengan yang disampaikan Pavel V. Korol ketika menjawab keraguan sejumlah pihak tentang teknologi payung yang ditawarkan.

Memang, di kalangan ahli pengeboran, teknologi selubung payung dengan menggunakan polimer sudah jamak dipakai. Mereka menggunakan polimer untuk menahan aliran air sehingga tidak masuk ke lubang sumur ketika diambil minyaknya.

Yang lain dari Pavel adalah menyemprotkan polimer dengan pompa bertekanan raksasa yang mampu melawan tekanan semburan lumpur. Sementara Pavlov tidak bersedia menyebut dana yang dibutuhkan untuk timnya, sebaliknya dengan Pavel, yang telah meninjau Sidoarjo bersama istrinya.

Menurut Pavel, biaya keseluruhan untuk menghentikan aliran lumpur mencapai US$ 50 juta. "Saya mengajukan proposal ini. No cure no pay (kalau tidak selesai masalahnya, tidak perlu bayar)," katanya. Dari tawaran itu, 90 persen risiko ditanggung Pavel dan harus dibayar jika lumpur berhenti menyembur.

Namun Pavel meminta 10 persen atau US$ 5 juta sebagai uang muka. Dana ini untuk mendatangkan peralatan dan tenaga ahli. Sayangnya, dia tidak memberikan proposal terperinci, sehingga sampai saat ini tim nasional penanggulangan lumpur Sidoarjo dan


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Lapindo Brantas belum memberikan keputusan. "Kami khawatir proposalnya diambil namun orangnya tidak dipakai," kata Arys Djuanda, Wakil Presiden Astari.

Untung Widyanto

Source : http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2006/11/20/ILT/mbm.20061120.ILT122283.id.html

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