Substance Abuse Presentation Revised

8/3/2019 Substance Abuse Presentation Revised

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/substance-abuse-presentation-revised 1/23

Substance Related DisordersPresented by: Jeannie Vargas

and Toluwalase Ekundayo



Objectives

• Definitions

• Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-IV TR)

•

Substance Use vs. Substance Induced• Treatment Plans

• Proposed Changes in DSM-5

•

Community resources• References



Substance Related Disorders

• Substance related disorders include disorders related to the taking of

a drug of abuse, to side effects of a medication, and to toxin

exposure.

• The DSM-IV TR has eleven classes of substance: alcohol,

amphetamines, caffeine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants,nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics, or

anxiolytics.

• Most of the eleven classes has criteria for either dependence, abuse,

intoxication, or withdrawal.

• Substance related disorders are divided into two groups: the

Substance Use Disorders and the Substance Induced Disorders.



Substance Use Disorder: Substance

Dependence• Substance Dependence is a cluster of cognitive (tolerance), behavioral

(withdrawal), physiological (compulsive drug-taking behavior)symptoms indicating that the individual continues use of substancedespite significant substance related problems.

• Dependence is defined as a cluster of three or more symptoms listedbelow occurring at any time in the same 12-month period.

• Specifiers are provided to note the presence and absence with either

with physiological dependence or without physiological dependence.

• Pgs: 192-197 can further explain the substance dependence and the sixcourse specifiers and four remission specifiers.



Substance Use Disorder: Substance

Abuse• Substance Abuse is a maladaptive pattern of

substance use manifested by recurrent and

significant adverse consequences related to therepeated use of substance.

• In order for an Abuse criterion to be met, the

substance-related problem must have occurredrepeatedly during the same 12-month period orbeen persistent.



Substance Induced Disorder:

Substance Intoxication• Substance Intoxication is the development of a

reversible substance-specific syndrome due to the

recent ingestion of a substance.

• Examples of intoxication: belligerence, mood

liability, cognitive impairment, impaired judgment, impaired social or occupational

functioning



Substance Induced Disorder:

Substance Withdrawal• Substance Withdrawal is the development of a

substance-specific maladaptive behavioral

change, with physiological and cognitiveconcomitants, that is due to the cessation of, or

reduction in, heavy and prolonged substance use.

• Withdrawal develops when doses are reduced or

stopped, whereas signs and symptoms of

Intoxication improve after dosing stops.



Diagnostic Criteria for Substance

Dependence• A pattern of substance use, as manifested by three (or more) of the

following, occurring at any time in the same 12-month period

▫ 1) Tolerance

▫ 2) Withdrawal

▫ 3) Substance taken in larger amounts over longer periods than

intended

▫ 4) Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control

substance use

▫ 5) Great deal of time spent on activities necessary to obtain drugs▫ 6) Important recreational, social, or occupational activities are

given up or reduced

▫ 7) Use is continued despite knowledge of having persistent physical

or psychological problems that have likely been caused by

substance use.




IntoxicationA) Development of a substance – specific syndrome

due to recent exposure of a substance

B) Clinically significant behavioral orpsychological changes due to the effect of thesubstance on the central nervous systemdeveloped due to recent exposure of a substance

C) The symptoms are not due to a general medicalcondition and are not better accounted for byanother mental disorder.




Withdrawal

A) Development of a substance-specific syndrome due tothe cessation of substance use that has been heavy and

prolonged

B) Development of a substance-specific syndrome causesclinically significant distress or impairment in social,

occupational, or other important areas of functioning

C) The symptoms are not due to a general medicalcondition and are not better accounted for by anothermental disorder.



Proposed Changes in DSM-5

• 303.90 Alcohol

Dependence

• 304.40 Amphetamine

Dependence

• 304.30 Cannabis

Dependence• 304.20 Cocaine

Dependence

• 304.50 Hallucinogen

Dependence

•

305.00 Alcohol Abuse• 305.70 Amphetamine

Abuse

• 304.20 Cannabis Abuse

• 304.60 Cocaine Abuse

• 305.30 Hallucinogen

Abuse

• 304.60 Inhalant

Dependence

• 305.90 Inhalant Abuse

• 305.1 Nicotine

Dependence

• 304.00 Opioid

Dependence

•

305.5 Opioid Abuse• 304.60 Phencyclidine

Dependence

• 305.90 Phencyclidine

Abuse

• 304.80 Polysubstance

Dependence

• 304.10 Sedative,

Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic

Dependence

• 305.40 Sedative,

Hypnotic, or AnxiolyticAbuse

• 304.90 Other (or

Unknown) Substance

Dependence

• 305.90 Other (or

Unknown) Substance

Abuse



Alcohol Abuse

• Anybody can be dependent on alcohol and there

are many factors why people abuse alcohol. But

studies prove those who abuse alcohol the most

report that they drink to relieve emotional andsocial problems.

• The screening tests that are used to determine if

you have an alcohol problem is CAGE (Cut,Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener) or TWEAK

(Tolerance, Worried, Eye-opener, Amnesia, and

Kut)



Treatment Plans• Behavioral Treatments-

Behavioral treatmentshelp patients engage in thetreatment process, modify

their attitudes andbehaviors related to drugabuse, and increasehealthy life skills.

• Residential treatment-Treatment programs inwhich the client stays at arehabilitation or chemical

dependency facility.



Medications

• Opioids: Methadone, buprenorphine and, forsome individuals, naltrexone are effective

medications for the treatment of opiate

addiction.• Tobacco: A variety of formulations of nicotine

replacement therapies now exist — including

the patch, spray, gum, and lozenges — that are

available over the counter. In addition, two

prescription medications have been FDA-

approved for tobacco addiction: bupropion and

varenicline.



Medications continued

• Alcohol: Three

medications have

been FDA-approved for

treating alcohol

dependence:naltrexone,

acamprosate, and

disulfiram.



Community Resources

• The Council for Alcohol and Drugs in Houstonhttp://www.council-houston.org/Public/index.asp

•

Texas Department of Health & Human Serviceshttp://www.dshs.state.tx.us/sa/Cont_Res/SubstanceAbuseLinks.shtm

• National Substance Abuse Resource Index

http://nationalsubstanceabuseindex.org/

• National Institute on Drug Abusehttp://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/treatmeth.html

http://www.council-houston.org/Public/index.asp

http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/sa/Cont_Res/SubstanceAbuseLinks.shtm



http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/treatmeth.html

http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/treatmeth.html













Community Resources•

Memorial Herman Prevention and Recovery Centerhttps://www.mhparc.org/

• The Right Step Rehabilitation and Chemical Dependency Facilityhttp://www.rightstep.com/

• The Odyssey House- Adolescent Substance abuse treatmenthttp://www.odysseyhousetexas.com/

• Cheyenne Center- Residential & Outpatient chemical dependencytreatment for men

http://www.cheyennecenter.com/residential.asp

• Santa Maria Hostel- Residential & Outpatient chemical dependencytreatment for women with children

http://www.santamariahostel.org/

https://www.mhparc.org/

http://www.rightstep.com/

http://www.odysseyhousetexas.com/
















Case Vignette:

• Intervention Clip:



References

• Kuhn, C. Swartzwelder, S. and Wilson, W. (2008). Buzzed: The straight facts about

the most used and abused drugs (3rd Ed.). New York: Norton.

• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of

mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR, (4th

ed.). American Psychiatric Association. ( DSM IV).

• Gray, S.W. & Zide, M.R. (2008). Psychopathology: A competency-based

assessment model for social workers. Brooks and Cole.

• National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2009). Treatment approaches for drug addiction.

Retrived on September 23, 2011: http://nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/treatmeth.html

http://nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/treatmeth.html

http://nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/treatmeth.html

Substance Abuse Presentation Revised

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