Substance Abuse & Addiction
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Transcript of Substance Abuse & Addiction
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Substance Abuse & Addiction
Kerry Herndon, MSW, LAC-EWestern Montana Addiction ServicesProject SUCCESS- Sentinel HS
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Theories of Addiction1. Medical Model
• Addiction as a Disease• Neurotransmitter imbalance• Treat with Medication
2. Psychodynamic Model• Drugs are used for self-
medicating• Symptoms of an underlying
mental health disorder• Psychological coping strategy
3. Social Model• Learned behavior• Peer pressure/modeling others• Environmental effects, such as
social media, lead to use• Used to try to fit in or build a
relationship
4. Morel Model• Addicts are weak and need to
overcome compulsions• Substance use is a choice, addicts
can stop at anytime• People who use are anti-social and
should be punished• Evil!!!
5. Bio-Psycho-Social Model• Combination of all the above
factors• Treatment should address mind,
body, spirit and include the individual as well as factors in the environment.
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Continuum of Use
Experimental or
Circumstantial Use
Casual Use Intensive Use
Compulsive Use Addiction
Experimental or
Circumstantial Use
Casual Use Intensive Use
Compulsive Use Addiction
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Early Use = Increased Addiction Risk
21 or older 18-20 years old
15-17 years old
14 or younger
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Abuse
“Kids who start drinking before
age 15 are 4x more likely to develop alco-holism than if they wait until
age 21, no matter what their addi-tional genetic or environmental factors maybe”(HBO Box Office, Inc, 2007)
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The Brain & Addiction The front part of the brain exists to tell us to slow
down or stop impulsive behaviors. It tells us to “stop” if things are too risky.
The front part of the brain is still developing connections to the rest of the brain until around age 25. Adolescent brains lack some wiring that carries out the “stop” message to the rest of the brain.
Late adolescence, before the brain is matured is the peak time for developing dependency on drugs/alcohol.
Heavy substance use at peek times in brain development can cause permanent changes to the brain.
(HBO Box Office, Inc, 2007)
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The Brain
“It is not unusual in recovery to see someone in their late thirties or even early forties struggle with planning and problem-solving – being on time, balancing a checkbook – in exactly the same way a teenager does. That’s because the process of learning those skills stopped when he began using. Now he’s struggling to catch up.”(HBO Box Office, Inc, 2007)
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Risk Factors Early Use About 50% of vulnerability linked to genetics Insufficient parenting Lack of family communication Exposure to a traumatic event Parental substance use Perceptions that parents, community and key
adults approve of alcohol or drug use. Poor social & academic performance Friendships with kids who have been in trouble Co-occurring disorders (ADHD, Emotional
disorders, psychiatric disorders, etc.)(HBO Box Office, Inc, 2007)
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Mental Health
“More than half of young people with a substance-abuse diagnosis also have a diagnosable mental illness” (HBO Box Office, Inc, 2007)
Often times the mental illness has not yet been identified or diagnosed.
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Physiological Addiction
SOME SUBSTANCES
Xanax Valium Alcohol Anti-Depressants Tobacco Heroin (Opiates) Caffeine Meth
SOME SYMPTOMS
Changes in sleeping habits
Withdrawal Symptoms Tolerance Change in Eating
Habits Weight Loss/Gain Changes in Physical
AppearanceMany substances are both physiologically and psychologically addictive.
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Psychological Addiction
SOME EXAMPLES Cannabis/Marijuana Cocaine LSD Ecstasy/MDMA Sugar Eating Disorders Gambling Shopping Gaming Smart phones (??)
SOME SYMPTOMS Use to forget
problems/relax Withdraw or Keep Secrets Loss of Interest in
Activities Problems with School/Work Changes in Friends Spend a lot of time
thinking about how to get the substance
Stealing or Selling Belongings
Failed attempts trying to quit
Anxiety, Anger or Depression
Mood Swings
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DiagnosingWritten questionnairesPersonal interview with clientTalking to others
DO NOT LABLE OR
DIAGNOSE YOUR FRIENDS
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Substance Abuse Failure to fulfill major life obligations due to
recurrent use: School Athletics Family Etc.
Recurrent use in physically harmful or risky situations
Recurrent substance related legal issues Continued use despite persistent or recurrent
social or interpersonal problems caused or made worse by substance use
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Chemical Dependency
Tolerance Withdrawal Large amounts in shorter period than
intended Increased desire to quit/ failed attempts
to quit More time thinking about use Change in behaviors/ decreasing normal
activities Continues despite consequences
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Stages of Change
Takes most individuals
approximately 3x for
success
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Treatment Options- AdolescentEducationProject SuccessSchool Based ServicesLevel I – Stages Level II – Intensive Outpatient
TreatmentLevel III - In-patient TreatmentCongruent care with a mental health
professional or family therapy
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Helping a Friend/Family Member
Remember it is not your responsibility to fix them
Remember that it is hard to admit that help is needed
Remember it is not your fault that they use Remember that listening is better than giving
advice Remember to seek help for yourself Remember to take care of yourself Remember you have resources to help
See Project Success if you are concerned about a family member or friend
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Resources HBO Box Office, Inc. (2007). Addiction: Why Can't they Just Stop? New York: Rodale.