Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.
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Transcript of Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.
![Page 1: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness
Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin
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Introduction• Faces can be
discriminated from other objects, even when they are not consciously visible
• However, it is not
clear which type of subordinate information is processed (identity? Race? Gender? Expression? Just categorical?)
Morris, J.P., Pelphrey, K.A. & McCarthy, G. (2007). Processing without awareness in the right fusiform gyrus. Neuropsychologia
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Methods: Gender and Race Adaptation (Webster, Kaping, Mizokami & Kuhamel, 2004)
Adaptor (male/female) Target (unclear gender)
Adaptation effect = (%adaptor and target were incongruent ) - (%adaptor and target were congruent)
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MethodsFemale male
Asian European
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
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Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
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Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 27: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 28: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 29: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 30: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 31: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 32: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 33: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 34: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 35: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 36: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 37: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 38: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 39: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 40: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 41: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
![Page 42: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Gender
Race
Non Dominant
Methods
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
![Page 43: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
300ms (ISI)
Dominant
300ms (ISI)
Methods
![Page 44: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
300ms (ISI)
Dominant
300ms (ISI)
Methods
![Page 45: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Predictions
• The occurrence of a bias when the adaptor is invisible would indicate that information about gender and race can be extracted from invisible faces.
• If the bias would occur only when the adaptors are visible, it would mean that such information is dependent on conscious awareness.
![Page 46: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Results
![Page 47: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
**
*
* **
![Page 48: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The Correlation between effect size and visibility
p = 0.12 p < 0.025
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Summary
• The goal of the present study was to determine whether information about race and gender can be processed without awareness.
• We examined whether the presentation of adaptor faces can bias the classification of an ambiguous face’s gender or race when the adaptor is not consciously visible.
![Page 50: Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f1b5503460f94c30545/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Conclusions
• An adaptation effect occurred that correlates and increases with subjective visibility.
• Information about a faces gender and race depends on the amount of time that a face is subjectively visible for.