SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Boctor of … · Prof. Abul Kalam Qasmi. This is his...
Transcript of SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Boctor of … · Prof. Abul Kalam Qasmi. This is his...
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A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE UNGUAL HISTORY OF URDU LANGUAGE
ABSTRACT
THESIS
SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
Boctor of IPfirto^opfip IN
U R D U
BY
MD. BAKAR. A. SIDDIQUI
Under the Supervision of
PROF. ABUL KALAM QASMI
DEPARTMENT OF URDU ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH (INDIA)
2008
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^ ''An Outline of Indian Philology V^^lT/^'C^If i-O'^f ' i^^'^y^i-/
^<*2i'oBtt«t**-"'
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A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE LINGUAL HISTORY OF URDU LANGUAGE
THESIS
SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
Boctor of $l)ilos(opl)p IN
URDU
BY
MD. BAKAR. A. SIDDIQUI
Under the Supervision of
PROF. ABUL KALAM QASMI
DEPARTMENT OF URDU ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH (INDIA)
2008
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(JJ-litll-UU-)
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^4S -^'
071114
T8889
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Oepartmefit of Urdu ALIGARH lVlUSUlM.tMVEl<§ltY*^AisIGARH -202002 (INDIA)
Tel (0571)2700920.921
Ixtn. 1631
Dated: 20/ 9/.2008
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. Md. Bakar Alam Siddiqui has
done his research work entitled "Urdu Zaban ki lesani tarikhon
ka tahqiqi-o-tanqidi jaizah", under the supervision of
Prof. Abul Kalam Qasmi. This is his original work and has not
been submitted for any other degree of this or any other
university.
It is now forwarded for the award of the Ph.D. degree in
Urdu language and literature.
Prof. Khursheed Ahmad (Chairman)
Prof. Abul Kalam Qasmi (Supervisor)
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"Language is the system of conventional spoken or written symbols by means
of which human beings, as memeber of a social group and participants in its
culture, comunicate." [^
"Language is purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas,
emotions and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols" . [
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"Language is a symbol system based on pure or arbitrary convention infmetly extendable and
modifiable acording to the changing needs and conditions of the speakers" ^
CJU(j^ " Language is the system of systems "^ / ^ j>L ' ' l ( J ( : ; l J4^ ( / 'L<^ t> fy
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" A language is a set (finite or infinite) of sentences,each finite in iengtli and
constructed out of a finite set of elements." A
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J l^ ( / ^ ^ M l / i ^ ^ / ( ^ (( / i ;^y^/ j l^c. L i/^ 1 . Chomskey ^ , *^
"A language is system of arbitary vocal system by means of which a social
group cooprates."(Block and Trager) ^
"A language is system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human
communication"(wardaugh)J^
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"Language is undoubtedly kind of menas of communication among human
beings. It consist primarily of vocal sounds. It is articualtory, systematic,
symbolic or arbitary " (Derbyshrine, A .E)^
"Language is primarily made up of vocal sounds only produced by a
physiological articulatory mechanism in the human body. In the begining, it
must have appeared as vocal sounds only . J_f
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Contact Theoiy^L^Uc^v/ ' ( /b^l irc/ t ; i^(G. Reversz)>y^ciL;y:l
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'Language is vocal reaction to natural and physical condition"
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(Discriptive c^UU^tJ^y<::; '(Analytical Linguistuics):c:^Ul^(Jl;^
J : > U t / j i ^ ^ > p ((Morphological) (3y^-«i^ Ir if U ^ (i
^(iz/ ^liOl (/^irfc^i; (/c^I;(/(Historical Linguistics): c^UU^iivtr
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B JI J c ^ 3 J13^ J t:J U L? (j* wXi w ^ ( Comparative Linguistics): c^ U (^ 0
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Bibliography
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Bernard Bloch and George L.Trager: Outline of Linguistic Analysis, New
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Bloom Field : Language, Botilal Banarsidas.1963
Bridget and Raymond Allchin : Ttie Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan,
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Chonmsky Noam : Syntactic Stnjcture, New Delhi, 1972
Christopher King : One Language Two Scripts, Oxford University Press,
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D. P. Agrawal : Indus Civilization : An Interdisciplinary Perspective, Aryan
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Encyclopaedia Britanica, Vol. VII. Chicago University.
G. A. Grierson : Linguistic Sun/ay of India Vol. iX Part 11968
Irfan Habib and Vijay Kumar Thakur: A People History oflndia,'Vo\ III Aligarh
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Pushender Syal , D.V. Jindal : An Introduction To Linguistics, Prentice, New
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Robins, R.H. : General Linguistics : An Introductry Survay.Longman London
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Hr
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Romila Thapar: A History of India, Vol I Penguine Piblication 1990.
Sapir,Edward. Language : Harvest Book, New Delhi, 1949
Sharma, Ram Sharan : Advent of Aryans in India, Manohar Publication New
Delhi 1999.
Wardaugh Wardaugh. R : An Introuduction To Linguistics, New York 1972
Winfred. P. Lehman : Historical Linguistics : An Introduction, Oxford and IBH
Publishing New Delhi 1976.
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