Submission of Additional Information Sought by Member...

Submission of Additional Information Sought by Member Secretary,

MoEF&CC during 22nd

EAC (Industry-2) meeting dated 17th

& 18th

April 2017

(Item No: 22.3.4)

Of

M/s Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd.

Plot No: 21/2, Dhatav MIDC, Tal. Roha, Dist. Raigad, State

Maharashtra.

[Proposal No: IA/MH/IND2/62401/2016

&

File No: J- 11011/353/2016-IA.II (I)]

EIA Consultant

M/s Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd.

QCI-NABET Accredited EIA Consultancy for Schedule 5 (f) Cat ‘A’. Certificate No – NABET/EIA/1518/SA 021

NABL Accredited Laboratory, Valid up to 29.06.2018

Lab. Recognized by MoEF& CC, GOI, Valid up to 2.01.2019

Certified by ISO 9001:2008 & BS OHSAS 18001:2007

310, Dempo Towers, EDC Patto, Panaji, Goa state, India. PIN: 403001

Email : [email protected] / [email protected]

Web site:-www.sadekarenviro.com Telephone: 0832-2437048/2437164

June, 2017

Index

Sr. No Compliance of Additional Details Sought

1. Revised layout plan to be submitted.

2. Fresh 3 months base line monitoring report to be

submitted

Air Quality Standards. EAC noted that two specific and three general conditions are found partly complied. The EAC found certified compliance report to be satisfactory.

After detailed deliberations the EAC recommended the proposal for grant of

Environmental Clearance subject to following specific conditions and other general conditions.

i. Clearance from standing committee of NBWL shall be obtained. ii. 10 m wide green belt of perennial trees like neem, seasam etc. around periphery of

the plant shall be provided. iii. Coal (Sulphur content less than 0.5 %) and spent wash shall be used as a boiler fuel. iv. 60 % employment shall be given to nearby villagers. xi. At least 5 % (Rs. 4 crore) of the total cost of the project shall be earmarked towards

the Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) and shall be used only for installation of RO plant for drinking water supply, solar light and provide computer to all BPL card holders of nearby villages. Implementation of such program shall be ensured accordingly in a time bound manner. Following activities shall be under taken under ESC activities: a. RO plants shall be installed innearby villages to ensure safe drinking water

availability.The expenditure on maintenance on these RO plants will be owned by the Project proponent.

b. 5000 trees shall be planted in five years in nearby villages with the consultation of the villagers. Survival rate of plants shall be reported to RO, MoEF&CC in 6 monthly compliance report.

v. A regular environment manager having post graduate qualification in environmental sciences/ environmental engineering to be appointed for looking after the environmental management activities of the proposed plant.

vi. The unit shall adhere to Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). vii. Continuous online (24 x7) monitoring to be installed for flow measurement and

measurement of pollutants within the treatment unit. Data to be uploaded on company’s website and provided to the respective RO of MEF&CC, CPCB and SPCB.

viii. The unit shall make the arrangement for protection of possible fire hazards during manufacturing process in material handling. Fire fighting system shall be as per the norms.

ix. Occupational health surveillance of the workers shall be done on a regular basis and records maintained as per the Factories Act.

22.3.4 Proposed Synthetic organic chemical industry at Plot No. 21/2 Dhatav MIDC, Tal. Roha, Dist. Raigad by M/s Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. [IA/MH/IND2/62401/2016, J- 11011/353/2016-IA.II(I)] The Project Proponent and the accredited Consultant M/s Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd., gave a detailed presentation on the salient features of the project and informed that:

i. The proposal is for Proposed Synthetic organic chemical industry at Plot No. 21/2 Dhatav MIDC, Tal. Roha, Dist. Raigad by M/s Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd.

ii. The project proposal was considered by the Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2) in its 17th EAC meeting held during 26th December – 29th December, 2016 and recommended Terms of References (TORs) for the Project. The TOR has been issued by Ministry vide letter no. J-11011/353/2016-IA II (I), dated 15th March, 2017.

iii. All synthetic organic chemicals industry located in a notified industrial area/estate are listed at S.N. 5(f) under category ‘B’. However, considering the general condition that location within 5 km area of the Eco-sensitive areas, the project is considered as category

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‘A’ and appraised at Central level by Expert Appraisal Committee. iv. Total land area will be 15703 m2. Out of which green belt will be developed in 3805.75

m2 area (39.6%). v. The total Cost of the project will be Rs. 8.73 Crore.Capital investment for Environmental

Pollution Control Measures is around 2.71 Crore. After expansion, total manpower will be 105 persons.

vi. It is reported that no forest/protected area/ reserved forest are located within 10 km distance of the project site. However, the State SEAC has noted that the said project location is in Dhatav appearing in list of ESA village in draft notification of MoEF dated 4th September, 2015 and has kept the proposal is abeyance. Kundalika River is flowing at a distance of 920 meters in North direction.

vii. Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at 8 locations during March 2015 to May 2015 and submitted baseline data indicates that range of concentrations of PM10 (49.6 - 75.2 µg/m3 ), PM2.5 (17.5 - 45.4µg/m3 ), SO2 (11.2 – 30.8 µg/m3 ), and NOx (14.6 -45.2 µg/m3 ), respectively. AAQ modeling study for point source emissions indicates that the maximum incremental GLCs after the proposed project would be 75.21 µg/m3 , 31.30 µg/m3 ,45.26 µg/m3 and µg/m3 with respect to PM10, SOx and NOx. The resultant concentrations are within National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

viii. Total water requirement is 391.26 m3/day of which fresh water requirement of 178.67 m3/day and will be met from MIDC.Plant will be based on Zero Liquid discharge system

ix. Power requirement after proposed project will be 520 KW and will be met from MSEDCL.

x. Proposed unit will have 3 nos. of 0.8 TPH and 2 nos. of 1 TPH FO fired boilers. Stack height of 33m and 31 m respectively will be installed for controlling the particulate emissions (within statutory limit of 115 mg/Nm3 ) for proposed FO fired boilers.

xi. Two (2 nos) alkali scrubbers of 1000 CFM will be provided for Process emissions like CO2 and traces of chlorine gas. Details of scrubbers are as follows

xii. CSR plan is prepared for expenditure of 2.5% of project cost. xiii. Public hearing was exempted under the provisions as per para 7 III. Stage (3) (b) of the

EIA notification, 2006. xiv. The PP proposed to produce the following products at Plot No. 21/2 Dhatav MIDC, Tal.

Roha, Dist. Raigad.

Name of the Product Quantity MT/A Isatoic Anhydride 3005 Anthranilic Acid 400 Methyl Anthranilate 2000 Dimethyl Anthranilate 200 Buthyl Anthranilate 100 Anthranilamide 80 Dibromoester 40 Total 5825

i. The By Products during the proposed production are:

Name of the By-Product Quantity MT/A Recovered Methanol 673.56 Recovered n- Butanol

36.6

Total 710.16 During presentation EAC noted that layout plan is not adequate and PP has carried out base line monitoring at 8 locations during March 2015 to May 2015 i.e. prior the date issue of TOR.

Committee suggested to submit fresh base line data. After deliberation, the committee deferred the proposal for want of following additional information;

5. Revised layout plan to be submitted.. 6. Fresh 3 months base line monitoring report to be submitted.

The proposal was deferred till the desired information is submitted. The above information shall be providedwith the uploading of minutes on the website.

Reconsideration of EC

22.3.5 Proposed enhancement of existing molasses based distillery unit from 30 KLPD to 60 KLPD at Nasik Babhulgaon, Post: Rakshi, Tal.: Shevgaon, Dist.: Ahmednagar, Maharashtra by M/s. Gangamai Industries and Constructions Ltd. (GIACL) - reg. Reconsideration of EC { IA/MH/IND2/55812/2014, J-11011/14/2015/IA II (I); }

The proposal for grant of environmental clearance has also been discussed during 12th and 17th EAC meeting held during 23-24th August 2016 and 26-29th December, 2016. The project proponent and their consultant (M/s. Equinox Environments (India) Pvt. Ltd.) during 17th EAC meeting held during 26th-29th December, 2016 produced the action taken report on the non compliance points reported by the R.O. Nagpur vide letter 5-48/2014(ENV)/364 dated 11/05/2016. The EAC examined the action taken report and had suggested to PP toproduce the action taken report duly certified by the R.O. Nagpur.

Now, the PP has submitted the certified compliance report issued dated 14.03.2017 by RO, Nagpur. The EAC noted that as per the latest certified compliance report submitted by PP, the compliance of existing EC is still under process. PP need to submit the latest certified compliance report w.r.t. completion of road and rain water harvesting works. The EAC also suggested to submit five year CSR plan @ 5% with the consultation of BDO.

The EAC decided to defer the proposal for want of above additional information.

22.3.6

Expansion of Specialty Chemicals Manufacturing Unit at Plot No.E-7 & E-8, MIDC Chincholi, TalukaMohol, District Solapur, Maharashtra by M/s Balaji Amines Ltd.-reg. Reconsideration of EC { IA/MH/IND2/29191/2015 , J-11011/195/2015-IAI (I)}

The proposal for grant of environmental clearance has also been discussed during 12th and 17th EAC meeting held during 23-24th August, 2016 and 26-29th December, 2016.

During 17th EAC meeting the committee was noted that there was no green belt inside the plant premises and PP was submitted the self certified action taken report on non compliance points raised by RO, MoEF&CC. Now PP has informed that visit was conducted by RO, Nagpur on dated 23.02.2017 and submitted the latest certified compliance report. The EAC found the latest certified compliance report satisfactory. During presentation the EAC noted that product list that mentioned in the EIA report is not matching with the product list as mentioned in TOR letter. The EAC suggested to PP to submit the product list as mentioned in the TOR letter.

The EAC decided to defer the proposal for want of above additional information.

22.3.7

Debottlenecking and expansion of existing Petrochemical complex Hazira, Dist.- Surat, Gujarat by M/s Reliance Industries Limited–AAQ Reg. [IA/GJ/IND/24200/2014; J-

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Compliance Point No: 1 (Revised Plot Layout)

Area Details

Area Details Area in Sq. M

Total Plot Area 15703.00

Total Built-up area 4688.38

Ground Coverage Area 4217.4

Green Belt Area 5571.9 ( 58% of Open Area)

Parking area 1885.00

Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing unit of M/s Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. at Dhatav MIDC, Roha, Raigad, Maharashtra. SEEPL/EIA/F/IND/AOPL/001/2016-17/02

Chapter 3 – Description of the Environment

Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd Chapter 3- 1

CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIROMENT

In order to extend work towards environmental conservation, the Ministry of Environment,

Forests and Climate Change has introduced the regulation of assessment of the environmental

conditions and probable impacts before permitting setting up of new industrial units or

expansion for the existing ones.

An overview of the process introduced by the regulatory authorities is depicted in the Fig.

3.1. To avail the clearance from the authorities a Methodology is necessary to be sketched

and followed. The methodology adopted by the consultant organization for availing the said

clearance is presented in Fig. 3.2.

As a part of methodology, describing the present status of the environment is an important

function which enables the consultant and the decision makers to predict, analyze and

minimize the environmental impacts. The present chapter describes the status of prevailing

environmental conditions in the defined study area. The chapter provides insights on climatic

and meteorological features at the project site along with air quality, water quality, soil

quality and noise pollution levels. The study also encompasses the ecological biodiversity of

the study area.

Other aspects which are indirectly related to the environment such as traffic conditions,

hydro-geology, socio-economical status of the population and land use and land cover details

are also discussed in the present study. For the purpose of conducting the study duration of

three months is taken into consideration.

The Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the above mentioned functional areas as

applicable in the study are followed from SEE-METH-EIA-02 to SEE-METH-EIA-06 as per

the Quality Management System of the consultant organization (Sadekar Enviro Engineers

Pvt. Ltd.).

It is important to note that the baseline data collection was carried out on previous occasion

during the year 2015. During the study baseline data was collected for the pre-monsoon

season from March to May, 2015.




The baseline data collection is being carried out once again owing to the suggestions in the

22nd

EAC (Industry-2) meeting for EC presentation.

3.1.Meteorology

The meteorological conditions are capable to influence the formation and dispersion of

pollutants at local, regional, national as well as global scale. Moreover these meteorological

conditions are known to vary spatially and temporally. Thus, it is important to study the

micro-meteorological conditions around the study area in order to estimate their influence on

formation and dispersion of pollutants.

For the present study primary data for meteorological parameters was monitored during the

sampling period (three months) at the site and for reference a secondary data of five years

(2012-2016) was obtained from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) for Raigad district.




Fig. 3.1 Methodology For EIA




Contd..




Fig. 3.2 Methodology for Obtaining Environmental Clearance




3.1.1. Secondary Data from IMD

As mentioned earlier the secondary data was obtained for selected parameters from the IMD

from Jan., 2012 to Dec., 2016. The parameters selected studies were Temperature, Ambient

Barometric Pressure, Relative Humidity, Wind speed, Wind direction and Precipitation

(rainfall).

The data for Cloud Cover has been compiled from the climatological tables of the IMD. The

descriptive statistics of the selected meteorological parameters is presented in Table 3.1. The

statistics of the primary data monitored during the sampling duration at the monitoring station

at project site and is presented in Table 3.2.

Table 3.1 Monthly data from IMD 2012 to 2016

Month Temperature C Relative humidity % Rainfall (mm) Pressure (mb)

Min Max Min Max Avg. Avg.

Jan. 14.4 32.0 20.0 98 0 1011.8

Feb. 13.4 31.5 23.0 92 0 1010.5

Mar. 14.1 31.9 23.0 90 6 1009.6

Apr. 21.4 33.6 38.0 95 0 1007.9

May. 23.8 34.7 39.0 88 0 1006.4

Jun. 21.6 35.0 53.0 95 110 1001.7

Jul. 15.3 31.4 69.0 98 980 1003.4

Aug. 17.3 31.2 68.0 98 324 1005.2

Sep. 14.1 31.9 29.0 95 351 1006.2

Oct. 20.6 35.3 33.0 92 60 1008.4

Nov. 18.0 35.0 20.0 89 3 1009.6

Dec. 14.4 33.6 23.0 93 16 1010.8

a. Temperature:

The present data enables to conclude that the study area can be categorized into typical

tropical type of climatic conditions experiencing four distinct seasons. The change in

temperature is experienced with respect to change in subsequent season. The summer season

is followed with monsoon season which provides the supply of fresh water in the form of

precipitation during June to September.




The monsoon is followed by winter season starts from December and lasts up to mid

February. During this season minimum temperature can be observed to drop down to 13.4 C.

The maximum temperature of the winter season is recorded to be 33.6 C in the month of

December. The winter season ends in February with the on-set of summer season which lasts

till month of early June. During summer season maximum temperature was recorded to be

35.0 C whereas the minimum ambient temperature was observed to be 14.1 C. During

monsoon season (Mid June to September) maximum temperature were observed to reach

31.9C while minimum temperature was observed as 14.1C.




Fig. 3.4 Windrose from Secondary data for

Sampling Period

Fig. 3.3 Windrose from Secondary for year, 2012-

2016

Fig. 3.5 Windrose from Primary data for Sampling Period




b. Relative Humidity:

The presence of relative humidity indicates the level of water vapour in the atmosphere.

From the data it can be inferred that relative humidity was observed to lowest in winter

season and highest in the monsoon season. The highest average of relative humidity was

observed to be up to 98 % in the monsoon season during July to August. It should be noted

that on rare occasions in the winter season relative humidity was observed to reach the

maximum of 98%.

c. Rainfall:

The months of July and August are considered to be the months which receive maximum

rainfall of the year. The data indicates that average annual rainfall received amounts to 1850

mm each year. In rare cases retreating precipitation from retreating monsoon winds can be

observed in the month of December.

d. Atmospheric Pressure:

Changes in pressure influence the vertical mixing of the air. Thus variation in pressure is

important for vertical as well as horizontal mixing of pollutants present in the atmosphere.

The change in atmospheric pressure is experienced diurnally, nocturnally as well as

seasonally. The maximum average atmospheric pressure is experienced during the winter

season while minimum average atmospheric pressure is experienced in the rainy season

during the months of June.

e. Wind direction and Wind speed:

The data for wind speed and wind direction is presented separately using wind rose diagrams

in Fig. 3.3 to 3.5. The wind dispersion during 2012- 2016 is presented in Fig. 3.3, while the

wind pattern during March to May (sampling period) during 2012 - 2016 is presented in Fig.

3.4. The Fig. 3.5 presents the meteorological conditions during the study period of March to

May 2017.

3.1.1 Site Specific Meteorological Data

Micro meteorological parameters like wind- speed, wind-direction, rainfall, temperature and

relative humidity were monitored continuously on hourly basis. Monitoring of prevailing

micro-meteorological conditions during the study period was carried out using an automatic

weather monitoring station at the project site. The station was installed at a height of 10 m




above the ground level keeping in view the free exposure of sensors to atmosphere and

minimum interference from the nearby structures. The meteorological data was monitored for

a period of 3 months from March to May, 2017. The variations in the meteorological data are

presented in Table 3.2. The highlights of the meteorological factors considered for

monitoring for the present study are discussed as under:

Table 3.2 Site Specific Micro Meteorology Data (March to May, 2017)

Temperature

Temperature during the study period was found to vary from 14.8 0C to 40.8

0C during the

study period.

Relative Humidity

Relative humidity during the study period was found to be maximum 88 % & minimum 33 %

Wind Speed and Wind Direction

The wind rose diagram representing the summer season is shown in Fig 3.4. A review of

wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from North-West to South-East.

The hourly minimum wind speed was recorded to be 0.5 Km/hr & maximum was observed

around 21.8 Km/hr.

Interpretation:

Meteorological data is the base of any dispersion studies conducted to assess the transport of

pollutants.

With this understanding Windrose diagrams for annual data (5 Years) & sampling period

(Mar to May of year 2012 to 2016) have been plotted using secondary data obtained from

Indian Meteorological Department (IMD).

The wind rose prepared from secondary data for sampling period of March to May, indicates

that about 43% of the time, wind was observed to be blowing from North-West direction.

Months Rainfall

mm

Temperature

(O

C)

Relative

Humidity (%)

Wind Speed

(Km/hr)

Dominant Wind

Direction (Blowing

from) Min Max Min Max Min Max

March 00 14.8 37.4 33 85 0.5 17.6

North West April 00 22.4 38.6 53 88 0.5 19.5

May 00 25.7 40.8 59 86 0.5 21.8




At the same time the Windrose diagram based on primary data (for the monitoring period)

indicates that around 38% of the time the wind is blowing from the North West direction.

It can be observed from the secondary that during the sampling period around 10% of the

time wind can be observed to be blowing from South East direction whereas the data from the

site indicates that about 12% of the time the wind is blowing from the same direction.

For determining the sampling locations of air quality monitoring it is important to understand

the distribution of wind direction during the monitoring period, i.e. during the months of

March to May. According to the interpretation of the secondary data for meteorology it is

concluded that the prominent upwind direction is North West.

Comments:

The collected secondary data and the primary data have been compared and analyzed to

verify the quality of the data. The comparison of the secondary meteorological data (for

March to May, 2012-2016) with the primary data (March to May, 2017) monitored at site is

summarized as under:

Minimal variation in the values is observed in the two data sets. For instance the

minimum temperature recorded at the monitoring site was 14.8 C and the same from the

secondary data was observed to be 14.1 C, while the maximum temperature at project

site was measured to be 40.8 C and that from the meteorological data from IMD was

observed to be 34.7 C.

The data for minimum relative humidity recorded at site was noted to be 33% and that

from secondary data was observed to be 23%. At the same time maximum relative

humidity recorded at site was 88 % while the same according to the secondary data was

95%.

It can be inferred from the above data that the pre-dominant wind direction during the

monitoring period is similar in the secondary as well as primary data collected from the

monitoring station.




3.2. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The monitoring f ambient air quality around the project site provides an understanding about

the prevailing level of environmental pollutants in the atmosphere. This data along with the

meteorological data is further utilized for air quality modeling which helps to predict the

changes in concentration of pollutants from the study area.

The baseline data for the proposed project is collected during month of March - May 2017.

For the collection of above mentioned data; study area of 10 km radius from project site was

considered. Observations of study area from satellite imagery reveal that the study area

mainly comprises of vegetation followed by scattered settlements of Industrial, Residential &

Commercial areas and small agricultural areas and barren / scrub land.

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at selected locations in 10 km radial

distance of the project site. The study area can be categorized as a rural area.

Probable Sources of Air Pollution: From the field investigations & reconnaissance surveys

the various sources identified that can contribute to air pollution in the study area:

Industrial activities in Dhatav MIDC Area,

Transport activities all along the Roha-Kolad road

Rural activities in the vicinity of the MIDC area etc

Construction activities

Agricultural activities such as biomass burning, combustion of wood and other waste,

etc.

3.2.1. Sampling Details

The ambient air quality monitoring network of eight locations as per Standard ToR was

designed based on the prominent wind direction as per the analysis of meteorological data

(from secondary source). The sampling was carried out twice a week as per the NAAQS

Notification of November 2009. The Ambient Air Quality Monitoring was carried out for

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and all the 12 parameters for which standards are

prescribed by the CPCB at location A1 (project premises), and criteria pollutants namely

PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2 & CO at remaining 7 stations. The details of the parameters




monitored are provided in Table 3.3. The criteria applied for selection of the monitoring

location is discussed as under.

3.2.2. Criteria for selection of ambient air monitoring locations

The ambient air quality monitoring locations were selected considering the following

criterion:

i. Prevailing prominent wind direction in the study area as examined form the Windrose

distribution prepared from the secondary data.

ii. Location of sensitive receptors such as reserved forests, national Parks, hospitals,

archeological sites, etc. in the vicinity of the study area.

iii. Topography of the study area.

iv. Site feasibility related to accessibility, security, distances from nearest shades and trees,

etc.

iv. Availability of electrical supply and supplementary arrangements.

3.2.3. Methodology for Sampling

The sampling was carried out at selected locations as per the CPCB guidelines. The standard

methodology used for analysis is presented in Table 3.3. The details of the detection limits

and the standard methods are provided subsequently.

Table No.3.3 Methodology Used for Ambient Air Analysis

Sr.

No. Parameters Analysis

Minimum

Detection limit

1. PM10 g/m3 IS 5182( Part 23): 2006 5.0 g/m

3

2. PM2.5 g/m3 USEPA Quality assurance handbook VOL-II part II 2.0 g/m

3

3. SO2 g/m3 IS 5182 (Part 02): 2001 Reaff.2006. 3 g/m

3

4. NOx g/m3 IS 5182 (Part 06): 2006 9 g/m

3

5. CO mg/m3 Based On Instrument ACE 9000XT 0.02 mg/m

3

6. Ozone (O3) g/m3 Lab SOP No.-SEE/LD/SOP-AA-05. 20 g/m

3

7. Lead (Pb) ng/m3 EPA Inorganic Compendium method IO-3.2 0.10 ng/m

3

8. Ammonia (NH3) g/m3 Method 401,Air Sampling and analysis , 3

rd edition 20.0 g/m

3

9. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) IS 5182 (Part 12): 2004 Reaff.2009 0.20 ng/m3

10. Arsenic (As) ng/m3

Based On CPCB guidelines for measurement of

ambient air pollutant Vol..I May 2011 5.0 ng/m

3

11. Nickel (Ni) ng/m3 EPA Inorganic Compendium method IO-3.2 5.0 ng/m

3

12. Benzene) g/m3 IS 5182 (Part 11) 1 g/m

3

13. Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOCs) EPA Compendium Method TO-17 1 ppb




Equipment used for sampling: The sampling of PM10 was conducted using Envirotech

make sampler (model no.: APM-460), while the sampling of PM2.5 was carried out using

Envirotech make sampler (model no. APM550). The monitoring of carbon monoxide was

conducted by online instruments of Rave innovations instruments (model no.: COA-109).

The monitoring of ambient VOC was carried out using Envirotech make portable sampler

with model no.: APM 802.

Sample Transportation and Sample Preservation: Proper preservation of samples was

done after sampling. The Gaseous samples were preserved in an ice box (below 4°C) and

transported to the laboratory for analysis. The filter papers were collected using forceps and

stored in polythene bags and stored in cool and dry containers during transportation.

Based on the above understanding the eight locations selected for ambient air quality

monitoring are presented on Google Earth Imagery (Fig. 3.6) and SOI maps (Fig. 3.7). The

locations are fixed considering the up-wind and down-wind direction of wind pattern and

ecologically sensitive receptors. The details of the sampling locations identified for the

present study are presented in Table 3.4

3.2.4. Ambient Air Quality Status:

Table 3.4 Details of Selected Sampling Locations

Sr.

No. Sampling Location & Codes

Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. Type of Area

Direction Dist. (Km) Lat. & Long.

1 A1 AOPL premises - 1.54 18°25'30.45"N 73° 9'1.68"E Industrial

2 A2 Dhatav Village SE 2.54 18°24'59.90"N 73° 9'43.24"E Residential Area 3 A3 Ladhar Village S 2.26 18°24'8.46"N 73° 8'49.09"E Residential Area

4 A4 Near Bhuwaneshwar

village SWW

4.28 18°25'5.75"N 73° 7'49.00"E Residential Area

5 A5 Pingalsai village NW 3.52 18°27'10.56"N 73° 7'20.29"E Residential Area

6 A6 Near Malsai NNW 2.73 18°27'20.91"N 73° 8'29.84"E Residential Area

7 A7 Devakanhe NNE 4.09 18°26'54.79"N 73° 9'30.12"E Residential Area

8 A8 Nivi Village SW 1.54 18°24'21.44"N 73° 7'2.43"E Residential Area

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at eight locations including the project

site for a period of three months from March to May, 2017. The results of ambient air quality

monitoring provided in Table 3.5.




Fig No. 3.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations (Google Earth Imagery)




Fig No. 3.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations (SOI map)




The results of the additional parameters monitored at project site are presented in Table 3.6.

Table No. 3.5 Ambient Air Quality Status (Criteria Pollutants)

Sr.

No.

Sampling Location

Code & Name Stats

Values in µg/m3

Values in

mg/m3

PM 10 PM 2.5 SO2 NOx CO

1 *A1 Premises of

AOPL

Min 73.6 37.0 26.0 32.0 1.6

Max 80.0 46.0 35.0 48.8 2.9

Avg. 76.2 43.8 30.0 42.6 2.3

98th

Percentile 80.0 46.0 35.0 48.8 2.9

2 A2 Dhatav

Village

Min 50.6 28.8 11.2 24.6 0.9

Max 62.3 39.7 16.8 33.4 1.6

Avg. 57.1 34.6 19.4 27.2 1.3

98th

Percentile 62.3 39.7 16.8 33.4 1.6

3 A3 Ladhar

Village

Min 51.3 19.3 15.9 25.0 0.6

Max 68.6 30.3 22.1 31.8 1.0

Avg. 60.2 24.0 18.8 28.2 0.8

98th

Percentile 68.6 30.3 22.1 31.8 1.0

4 A4

Near

Bhuwaneshw

ar village

Min 47.0 27.2 16.5 27.4 0.4

Max 66.0 36.8 21.4 32.6 0.9

Avg. 53.0 30.3 19.5 26.8 0.6

98th

Percentile 66.0 36.8 21.4 32.6 0.9

5 A5 Pingalsai

village

Min 43.0 23.8 10.8 19.8 0.5

Max 52.0 29.5 18.2 23.4 1.1

Avg. 46.2 25.8 14.6 21.6 0.7

98th

Percentile 52.0 29.5 18.2 23.4 1.1

6 A6 Near Malsai

Min 41.5 17.6 13.5 18.6 0.8

Max 48.8 21.7 20.8 25.3 1.3

Avg. 44.0 19.5 15.7 32.0 1.0

98th

Percentile 48.8 21.7 20.8 25.3 1.3

7 A7 Devakanhe

Min 42.6 18.8 12.3 16.2 0.7

Max 53.6 23.5 19.8 26.8 1.5

Avg. 49.2 20.4 16.5 20.5 0.9

98th

Percentile 53.6 23.5 19.8 26.8 1.5

8 A8 Nivi village

Min 40.0 16.8 9.4 15.4 0.3

Max 51.8 22.6 15.8 22.7 1.2

Avg. 46.3 18.6 11.5 19.8 0.5

98th

Percentile 51.8 22.6 20.8 22.7 1.2

NAAQ Standard 100 60 80 80 4.0

Note: *Monitoring & Analysis performed by Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd, Laboratory.




3.2.5. Interpretation of Primary Data

PM10

The study reveals that maximum concentration on 24-hourly basis was observed to be in the

range of 48.8 & 80.0 µg/m3. The highest 24-hourly concentration was recorded at sampling

location A1. At the same time minimum average 24-hourly concentration was observed at

location A8. The average concentration of PM10 can be said to be ranged between 44.0µg/m3

to 76.2µg/m3. The high concentration of particulate matter recorded at project site (A1) may

be due to industrial emissions and vehicular traffic flow in the MIDC area.

PM2.5

The major source of PM2.5 is said to be the combustion of fossil fuel, fire wood etc. The

maximum 24 hourly concentration of PM2.5 (46.0 µg/m3) during the study period was

recorded at location A1, whereas the minimum 16.8 µg/m3 concentration was recorded at A8

location which is a remote rural area. The minimum concentration indicates that the

residential area experiences minimal combustion and vehicular activity. On the other hand

high concentration at location A1 indicates that the area experiences high emissions from

combustion of fossil fuel and vehicular movement in the surroundings. The average 24 hourly

concentration of PM2.5 during the study period was computed to be in the range of 18.6 – 43.8

µg/m3.

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

High level of SO2 in ambient air indicates the presence of combustion fossil fuel in the

vicinity. The ambient air monitoring results indicate that the highest average concentration of

SO2 is experienced at the project site, i.e. location A1. The constant traffic and regular

movement of heavy vehicles in and around the MIDC area and the sampling station can be

considered as the principle source of emission for SO2. The 24 hour average concentration of

SO2 recorded at all the monitoring locations during the study period ranged between 11.5-30

µg/m3

respectively. It should be noted that maximum 24-hourly average concentration was

recorded at location A1 while the lowest can be observed at location A8. The location A8 can

be said to be scarcely populated and is located near the reserved forest. Hence low levels of

anthropogenic activities and emissions are observed in the area.




Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)

The various forms of Nitrogen in NO, NO2 and N2O are collectively called as Oxides

of Nitrogen. The highest value of NOX during the monitoring period was observed at location

A1 while the minimum average was recorded at A8. The average concentrations were in the

range of 19.8 – 42.6 µg/m3. The maximum 24 hourly value of NOX was recorded at the

monitoring location A1 (48.8 µg/m3) whereas the minimum concentration of NOx was

recorded at location A8 (15.4 µg/m3).

Carbon monoxide (CO)

The anthropogenic source of CO is due to incomplete combustion of fossil fuel (by

vehicle movement) or wood around the given area. The maximum 1 hourly average

concentration of CO estimated at all locations during the study period can be observed to be

within 1.2 to 2.9 mg/m3

respectively. The minimum 1 hourly concentration at all locations

ranged between 0.3 and 1.6 mg/m3. The highest average is calculated at location A1 and the

lowest average was estimated to be at location A8 in Nivi village.

Monitoring of Additional Parameters:

The monitoring for additional parameters in ambient air namely Ozone, Lead,

Ammonia, Arsenic, Nickel & Benzopyrene (a) was conducted within the project premises

(A1 location). The results for these parameters are presented in Table 3.6. It can be stated that

concentration of the aforesaid parameters was found to be below the detection limit.

The analysis of additional parameters monitored for ambient air quality at the location

A1 reveals that the values did not exceed the limits prescribed by CPCB, during the sampling

period. The concentration of Ammonia varied between 25.8 to 35.4g/m3. The average

concentration of Ammonia was estimated to be 29.2g/m3. The values of Ground level ozone

were estimated to be within the range of 23.4 to 38.9g/m3. The average concentration was

computed to be 28.6g/m3. The presence of heavy metals such as lead, arsenic and nickel

were estimated to be below the detectable limits and thus their presence can be said to be

negligible.




As mentioned earlier the concentration of VOCs was also monitored at the project

site. The results revealed that the concentration was found to be below the detection limit as

presently there is no production activity carried out on the project site.

Table 3.6 Results of Additional Air Quality Parameters at Project Site

Conclusion: The above results help to confirm that the present levels of all the pollutants

monitored at all the locations are within the standards prescribed by the CPCB. The statistical

analysis of the data set indicates negligible variation in the 98th Percentile values computed

for the data set. This indicates that the data is statistically normal distribution. The high

concentration of pollution in the location A1 can be said to due to the fact that it is located

within the MIDC area which experiences maximum amount of anthropogenic activity in the

study area.

The lowest level of pollution is experienced at location A8. The lowest level of pollution is

experienced in the locations which are located near the reserved forest areas and having

minimal anthropogenic activity.

Sr.

No. Parameters

A1- Premises of Ambernath Organics

Pvt. Ltd., NAAQ Standards

Min. Max. Avg.

1. Ozone (O3) g/m3 23.4 38.9 28.6 100 (8 Hourly)

2. Lead (Pb) ng/m3 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 1.0 (24 Hourly)

3. Ammonia (NH3) g/m3 25.8 35.4 29.2 400 (24 Hourly)

4. Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) ng/m3 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 1.0 (Annual)

5. Arsenic (As) ng/m3 <5.00 <5.00 <5.00 6.0 (Annual)

6. Nickel (Ni) ng/m3 <5.00 <5.00 <5.00 20 (Annual)

7. Benzene (C6 H6) g/m3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 5 (Annual)

8. Volatile Organic Compounds

(VOCs) BDL N.S.

*Monitoring & Analysis performed by Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Laboratory ** N.S.: Not Specified




3.3. Surface Water Quality

3.3.1. Surface water sources in the study area

The surface resources in the study area as studied from the satellite imagery appear to be few

in number, especially for the purpose of drinking water.

It was noted during the reconnaissance surveys that most of the villages get water from

Grampanchayats through purification and pipeline.

The primary surface water body in the study area is Kundalika River draining into the

Arabian Sea. Apart from this the study area has presence of reservoirs, lakes, located within

the 10km. radius or the study area.

The sampling locations for the water bodies were finalized after reconnaissance survey and

consultation with the functional area experts from the respective areas.

3.3.2. Probable sources of surface water pollution in the study area

The Kundalika River Stretch in the study area is subjected to industrial and domestic

discharges from the Dhatav MIDC area. It is to be noted that the river stretch is also subjected

to discharge of domestic effluent from the residential area of Roha and surrounding villages.

3.3.3. Sampling Methodology

a. Criteria for Selection of water quality sampling locations

While selecting a sample it is always important to take care that the sample should be

representative of the selected water body. In order to remove the bias in sample selection,

grab samples were collected on random basis considering the following key aspects:

1. The sampling locations were selected based on upstream and downstream uses of the

water body.

2. Drainage Pattern of study area in general.

3. Discharge points of local and/or CETP treated effluents from MIDC into the

waterbody

4. Location, use and importance of Lake, Dam or other reservoirs in the study area

5. Water bodies or streams which may be affected due to the proposed activity.




Based on the above understanding selected sampling locations are presented on Google Earth

Imagery in Fig. 3.8 and on SOI Toposheet in Fig. 3.9.

A total of eight sampling locations were selected for the present study. The details of the

sampling locations are highlighted in Table 3.9.


Grab samples were collected from the identified surface water bodies located in the study

area. The sampling frequency was once during the sampling period of the proposed project

(study period – March to May, 2017).

3.3.5. Sample Collection, Preservation and Transportation:

Sampling was carried out in presence of FAE and trained personnel having training and

experience.

The necessary procedures were followed during the process of sample transport and storage

in order to maintain homogeneity of the samples and to avoid any significant alterations in

their condition thereby rendering them in an unacceptable state for analysis at the laboratory.

In order to comply with the above statement some of the important points focused while

sample transportation and storage are highlighted as under:

• Samples were collected in HDPE containers and packed to avoid breakage and cross-

contamination.

• Sample degradation was reduced through appropriate preservation and 1ml 1N HNO3

per liter of sample was added for analysis of selected metals.

• Sample containers were sealed, labeled and carefully packed with an appropriate

packing material and stored in chilled containers (around 4C). The chain of custody

records was also maintained as per standard protocol.

• Microbiology samples were collected in sterile Pyrex-glass bottles

• The pH and Temperature were monitored at the time of collection and the DO was

fixed on site.

The list of parameters assessed and the methodologies for analysis of water samples are

presented in Table 3.7. The method detection limits are also provided in the table with

respective units of measurement. The details of sampling locations are provided in Table 3.8.




Table No.3.7: Methodologies Used for Surface Water Analysis

Sr. No. Parameter Method Detection Limit/

Unit 1 pH APHA 4500 H

+ - B 0.01-14

2 Total Dissolved Solids APHA 2540 - C 5.00 mg/lit

3 Chlorides as Cl - APHA 4500 Cl

- - B 10.00 mg/lit

4 Sulphate as SO4- APHA 4500 SO4

2 - E 1.00 mg/lit

5 Total Hardness as CaCO3 APHA 2340 - C 2.00 mg/lit

6 Nitrate as NO3 APHA-4500-NO3-B 1.00 mg/lit

7 Fluoride as F- APHA-4500-F

- - D 0.02 mg/lit

8 Phosphate APHA-4500-PC 1.00 mg/lit

9 Bicarbonate APHA 2340 - B 1.00 mg/lit

10 COD APHA-5220-B 4.00 mg/lit

11 BOD APHA-5210-B 3.00 mg/lit

12 DO APHA-4500-C 1.00 mg/lit

13 Arsenic as As APHA- 3114-B 0.01 mg/lit

14 Calcium as Ca APHA- 3500-B 1.00 mg/lit

15 Cadmium as Cd APHA- 3111-B 0.003 mg/lit

16 Chromium as Cr APHA- 3112-B 0.05 mg/lit

17 Iron as Fe APHA- 3111-B 0.3 mg/lit

18 Lead as Pb APHA- 3111-B 0.01 mg/lit

19 Magnesium as Mg APHA- 3111-B 1.00 mg/lit

20 Mercury as Hg APHA- 3112-B 0.001 mg/lit

21 Nickel as Ni APHA- 3111-B 0.02 mg/lit

22 Potassium as K APHA- 3111-B 0.1 mg/lit

23 Sodium as Na APHA- 3111-B 0.1 mg/lit

24 Zinc as Zn APHA- 3111-B 0.1 mg/lit

25 Total coliforms at 370C for 48 hrs. APHA-9221-B Absent

26 Ecoli at 44.50C for 24hrs. APHA-9221-G Absent




Fig No 3.8: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations (Google Earth Imagery)




SW

6

Fig No 3.9: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations (SOI map)




Table No. 3.8 Details of Surface Water Quality Monitoring Stations

The results for the samples are provided in Table 3.9. During the sampling it was

observed that the water from the selected water bodies was used for various purposes. Based

on their usage and analysis these are water bodies are categorized by referring the CPCB

guidelines. The categorization was also conducted on the basis of information from locals and

experience of respective Functional Area Experts. The criteria for classification of the water

bodies are provided in Table 3.10.

Based on the results and observations during sampling, locations SW1, SW2 and SW6 to

SW8 can be classified into the “E” category whereas the water bodies SW3, to SW5 can be

categorized into category “B”.

Sr.

No. Sampling Location

Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd.

Direction Dist. (Km) Lat Long

1 SW1 Upstream of Kundalika

river near Dhatav MIDC NEE 2.16 18°25'50.57"N 73°10'12.23"E

2 SW2 Downstream of Kundalika

river near Are khurd NW 7.67 18°27'45.15"N 73° 5'22.17"E

3 SW3 Small stream near

Mahadev vadi SSW 1.18 18°24'56.57"N 73° 8'42.76"E

4 SW4 Kundalika River near

Roha city NWW 7.92 18°26'31.08"N 73° 7'6.62"E

5 SW5 Upstream of Kundalika

river near Bahe village NNE 1.88 18°26'24.70"N 73° 9'30.77"E

6 SW6 Small stream near Roha

Ashtami NNW 3.72 18°27'21.91"N 73° 8'12.82"E

7 SW7 Lake in Killa Village SEE 2.56 18°25'10.63"N 73°10'26.34"E

8 SW8 Lake in Usar Village W 7.98 18°25'33.35"N 73° 4'29.87"E




Table No. 3.9 Surface Water Quality Results Sr.

No. Parameters

Locations Unit

SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5 SW-6 SW-7 SW-8

1. pH 7.5 7.34 7.18 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.47 7.8 -

2. Total Dissolved Solids 348 21942 262 380 250 302 189 159 mg/lit

3. Chlorides as Cl - 38.5 13094.5 41.1 80.0 20.0 72.0 22.0 30.0 mg/lit

4. Sulphate as SO4- 59 322 42 66 64 52 38 25 mg/lit

5. Total Hardness as CaCO3 252 991 124 229 157 150 130 108 mg/lit

6. Nitrate as NO3 1.68 2.2 2.8 5.2 1.6 8.9 5.9 2.6 mg/lit

7. Fluoride as F- 0.18 0.36 0.58 0.45 0.36 0.16 0.65 0.72 mg/lit

8. Arsenic as As <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 mg/lit

9. PO4-- 1.8 13.6 2.7 7.6 9.8 5.8 6.9 1.3 mg/lit

10. Bicarbonates 208 280 126 145 102 109.2 86 76 mg/lit

11. Calcium as Ca 94 120 47 76 42 38 36 22 mg/lit

12. Cadmium as Cd <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 mg/lit

13. Iron as Fe <0.30 0.43 <0.30 <0.30 <0.30 0.48 <0.30 <0.30 mg/lit

14. Lead as Pb <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 mg/lit

15. Magnesium as Mg 4.2 168 5.2 9.6 12.6 13.5 9.8 12.8 mg/lit

16. Chromium as Cr <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 mg/lit

17. Mercury as Hg <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 mg/lit

18. K+ 2.3 86 14 6.8 1.2 0.2 0.8 1.9 mg/lit

19. Nickel as Ni <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 mg/lit

20. Na+ 20.6 7864 28 42 11.8 44 12 16 mg/lit

21. Zinc as Zn 0.62 0.68 <0.1 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mg/lit

22. Total coliforms at 370C for 48 hrs. 24 1600 120 30 25 410 18 29 Org/100ml

23. Ecoli at 44.50C for 24hrs. Absent Present Present Absent Absent Present Absent Absent Org/100ml

24. COD 27 166 19 23 26 78 15 12 mg/lit

25. BOD 9.6 90 5.6 7.2 7.7 22 4.5 4.2 mg/lit

26. DO 5.4 5.7 5.2 5.0 6.2 5.5 6.0 6.1 mg/lit Note: Monitoring & Analysis performed by Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Laboratory




Table No. 3.10 IS: 2296–1982_Inland_Surface_Water_Stds

Parameter A B C D E Unit

pH 6.5-8.5

EC - - 1000 2250 mS/c

Color 10 300 300 - - Hazen

Odor Agreeable - - - - -

TSS - - - - - mg/l

TDS 500 - 1500 - 2100 mg/l

Turbidity - - - - - mg/l

AlkalinityasCaCO3 - - - - - mg/l

Chloride as Cl 250 - 600 - 600 mg/l

SulphateasSO4 400 - 400 - 1000 mg/l

NitratesasNO3 20 - 50 - - mg/l

HardnessasCaCO3 300 - - - - mg/l

CalciumasCaCO3 200 - - - - mg/l

MagnesiumasCaCO3 100 - - - - mg/l

Sodium as Na - - - - - mg/l

Potassium as K - - - - - mg/l

Fluoride as F 1.5 1.5 1.5 - - mg/l

Iron as Fe 0.3 - 50 - - mg/l

DO 6 5 4 - - mg/l

COD - - - - - mg/l

BODat27oC 2 3 3 - - mg/l

A-Drinking water without conventional treatment but after disinfection B-Outdoor bathing(organized) C-Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection D - Propagation of wild life, fisheries E -Irrigation, industrial, cooling, controlled waste disposal




3.3.6. Interpretation

The results presented in the earlier section are discussed and concluded in this section. The values

obtained are compared with the standards prescribed for the respective designated use of the water

body as categorized in the earlier part of the study.

The analysis helps to concluded that the pH of all the samples was found to vary between: 7.1 -

7.8. It should be noted that the values obtained were within the desirable limit for pH as

prescribed by CPCB. The total hardness was observed to be ranging between 108 to 991 mg/l.

The maximum value of hardness was recorded at SW2 which is a creek water location and the

minimum value was recorded at SW8. It should be noted that the Kundalika River experiences sea

water ingress till Ashtami Bridge located in Roha city and the river stretch is therefore subjected

to change in the physicochemical characteristics based on the tidal conditions. Therefore the

variation in the values of hardness and Total Dissolved Solids is dependent upon the tidal

influence.

The concentration of Total Dissolved Solids was estimated in the range of 159 mg/l to 21942

mg/l. The maximum concentration of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) was observed at SW2

whereas the minimum TDS concentration was observed at SW8. The large variation observed in

the concentration of TDS can be said to be present since the locations are varied ranging from

river water body to lakes and creeks. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) & Biochemical

Oxygen Demand (BOD) values were calculated to be in the range of 12 mg/l to 166 mg/l & 4.2

mg/l to 90 mg/l respectively. The COD values at all the locations were well within the CPCB

prescribed standards.

It should be noted that in case of the selected water bodies (sampling locations) classified under

category “E”, the parameters were found to be within the prescribed limits except for SW2 which

had a high value of TDS and chlorides. It should be noted that the sampling location is located

close to the junction where there is confluence of estuarine water and river water.




The locations SW3 to SW5 are categorized in category “B”. Out of the prescribed parameters, for

the category the limit for BOD can be observed to be exceeding at all the locations.

Based on the above results and inferences it can be stated that the water from the above water

bodies can be used for their designated purposes (outdoor) as per Inland Surface Water Standards

after disinfection and necessary treatment.

3.3.7. Whether the site falls near to the polluted stretch of river identified by the

CPCB/MoEF & CC

The proposed project of M/s Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. is falls at a distance of 920m from

Kundalika River which is identified as polluted river by CPCB. The identified polluted stretch of

Kundalika River is around 25 km, from Salav to Roha. The areas where Kundalika River is

critically polluted are Sundarnagar, Ashtami and Roha.

(Reference: Series: MINARS/37 /2014-15 RIVER STRETCHES FOR RESTORATION OF WATER QUALITY

by CPCB, dated Feb 2015.)




3.4. Ground Water Quality

3.4.1. Ground water sources in the study area

Although, fresh water is supplied by the pipeline in the Roha city, ground water is used as an

alternate source in surrounding villages for domestic purposes. Therefore it is important to

assess the existing baseline status of the ground water quality.

3.4.2. Probable sources of ground water pollution in the study area

Ground water can be said to be affected by activities such as uncontrolled discharge of

treated and/or untreated industrial effluent, open discharge of treated and/or untreated

sewerage in the surrounding area. Apart from the above ground water can be polluted by

other activities such as excessive use of chemical fertilizers in farming, leaching from

landfills having toxic or municipal solid waste, etc.


The section discusses regarding the sampling related procedures, methodologies and

parameters selected for analysis. The section also highlights the criteria adopted for selection

of ground water sampling locations. The selected sampling locations and their coordinates are

presented in Table 3.11.

Table No. 3.11 Details of Sampling Locations for Ground Water samples

As per the Standard ToR sampling was decided to be carried out at 8 locations. The sampling

locations were selected on random basis subject to the availability and feasibility. The water

quality monitoring network of was designed with the intention to evaluate the prevailing

ground water quality in the study area. The sampling frequency was once in as season (study

Sr.



Direction Dist.

(Km) Lat Long

Source of

Sampling

1 GW1 Warse village NWW 1.76 18°25'46.62"N 73° 8'4.61"E Open well

2 GW2 Khari village NWW 4.90 18°26'12.24"N 73° 6'20.95"E Open well

3 GW3 Ashtami Village NW 5.88 18°27'25.32"N 73° 6'22.22"E Open well

4 GW4 Khamb village NEE 6.39 18°27'10.89"N 73°12'13.34"E Open well

5 GW5 Sangade village N 2.02 18°26'35.54"N 73° 8'57.02"E Open well

6 GW6 Pale Khurd SEE 4.41 18°24'47.22"N 73°11'26.82"E Open well

7 GW7 Talghar Village SW 1.77 18°24'43.55"N 73° 8'27.32"E Open well

8 GW8 Tambadi Village SWW 6.57 18°23'22.78"N 73° 6'2.72"E Open well




period – March to May, 2017). The details of the methodology for ground water sampling is

provided in Table No. 3.12

3.4.4. Selection criteria for water quality sampling locations

The sampling sites were selected considering the following criteria -

1. Topography of the study area Pattern.

2. Areas which may be affected due to the proposed activity.

3. Any probable locations with open discharge of sewage or waste water.

4. Location of any solid waste dumping facility in the vicinity of the project site.

In cases where the sampling locations are situated close to MIDC areas, ground water

pollution can be said to be affected by underground (illegal) discharging of waste water by

the industrial units. If any such cases are reported then sampling is conducted in the

surrounding area.

Based on the above criteria eight sampling locations were selected for the present study.

These locations are marked on Google Earth Imagery in Fig. 3.10 and SOI map in 3.11.

The results for analysis conducted are presented in Table 3.12. These results are

compared with the drinking water standards provided by IS (Table 3.14).

The aspects related to Sample Collection, Preservation and Transportation are described

in detail in the above section 3.3.5.




Table.3.12 Parameters and Methodologies for Analysis of Ground Water Samples

Sr. No. Parameter Method Detection Limit/Unit

1. pH APHA 4500 H+ - B 0.01-14

2. Total Dissolved Solids APHA 2540 - C 5.00 mg/lit

3. Chlorides as Cl - APHA 4500 Cl

- - B 10.00 mg/lit

4. Sulphate as SO4- APHA 4500 SO4

2 - E 1.00 mg/lit

5. Total Hardness as CaCO3 APHA 2340 - C 2.00 mg/lit

6. Nitrate as NO3 APHA-4500-NO3-B 1.00 mg/lit

7. Fluoride as F- APHA-4500-F

- - D 0.02 mg/lit

8. Phosphate APHA-4500-PC 1.00 mg/lit

9. Bicarbonate APHA 2340 - B 1.00 mg/lit

10. COD APHA-5220-B 4.00 mg/lit

11. BOD APHA-5210-B 3.00 mg/lit

12. Arsenic as As APHA- 3114-B 0.01 mg/lit

13. Calcium as Ca APHA- 3500-B 1.00 mg/lit

14. Cadmium as Cd APHA- 3111-B 0.003 mg/lit

15. Chromium as Cr APHA- 3112-B 0.05 mg/lit

16. Iron as Fe APHA- 3111-B 0.3 mg/lit

17. Lead as Pb APHA- 3111-B 0.01 mg/lit

18. Magnesium as Mg APHA- 3111-B 1.00 mg/lit

19. Mercury as Hg APHA- 3112-B 0.001 mg/lit

20. Nickel as Ni APHA- 3111-B 0.02 mg/lit

21. Potassium as K APHA- 3111-B 0.1 mg/lit

22. Sodium as Na APHA- 3111-B 0.1 mg/lit

23. Zinc as Zn APHA- 3111-B 0.1 mg/lit

24. Total coliforms at 370C for 48 hrs. APHA-9221-B Absent

25. Ecoli at 44.50C for 24hrs. APHA-9221-G Absent




Fig No. 3.10: Ground Water Quality Sampling Locations (Google Earth Imagery)




Fig. 3.11 Ground Water Sampling Locations (SOI map)




Table No.: 3.13 Water Quality of Ground Water Samples for Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd.

Sr. No. Parameter Results

Unit GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 GW-6 GW-7 GW-8

1. pH 7.3 7.2 7.6 7.5 7.0 6.9 7.1 7.4 - 2. Total Dissolved Solids 370 284 159 148 158 216 315 110 mg/lit 3. Chlorides as Cl - 87 48 21.8 16 26 15 62 18 mg/lit 4. Sulphate as SO4- 73 36 19.6 16.8 14 5.6 29 6.6 mg/lit 5. Total Hardness as CaCO3 230.0 157.3 128.6 117.4 199.3 184.8 185.9 162.4 mg/lit 6. Nitrate as NO3 3.80 2.4 2.2 2.6 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.4 mg/lit 7. Fluoride as F- 0.32 0.28 0.16 0.38 0.16 0.68 0.17 0.23 mg/lit 8. Arsenic as As <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 mg/lit 9. Cadmium as Cd <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 mg/lit 10. Calcium as Ca 62.5 30 30.3 32.9 52.1 51.6 43.8 37.2 mg/lit 11. Iron as Fe <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 mg/lit 12. Nickel as Ni <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 mg/lit 13. Lead as Pb <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 mg/lit 14. Mercury as Hg <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 mg/lit 15. Magnesium as Mg 18 20 12.8 8.4 16.8 13.6 18.6 17 mg/lit 16. Zinc as Zn 0.71 0.28 0.50 0.38 <0.1 <0.1 0.68 <0.1 mg/lit

17. Total coliforms at 370C for 48 hrs.

28 11 15 30 18 24 29 20 Org/100ml

18. E.-coli at 44.50C for 24hrs. Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Org/100ml 19. COD <4.00 <4.00 <4.00 <4.00 <4.00 <4.00 <4.00 <4.00 mg/lit 20. BOD <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 mg/lit

21. Sodium 46 33.1 11.3 9.4 17.5 11.2 52.4 12.6 mg/lit

22. Potassium 1.2 2.5 1.8 1.2 1.8 1.9 2.6 2.7 mg/lit 23. Phosphate 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 <1 mg/lit 24. Bicarbonate 126 138 85 90 82 18 44 26 mg/lit 25. Chromium <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 mg/lit

Note: *Monitoring & Analysis performed by Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Laboratory




Table 3.14 IS: 10500:2012 Standards for Drinking Water

Sr.No. Parameter Acceptable

Permissible in the

Absence of Alternate

source

Unit

1 pH 6.5-8.5 No relaxation

2 Total Dissolved Solids 500 2000 mg/l

3 Chlorides as Cl - 250 1000 mg/l

4 Sulphate as SO4- 200 400 mg/l

5 Phosphate NS NS mg/l

6 Total Hardness as CaCO3 200 600 mg/l

7 Nitrate as NO3 45 No relaxation mg/l

8 Bicarbonate NS NS mg/l

9 Arsenic as As 0.01 0.05 mg/l

10 Calcium as Ca 75 200 mg/l

11 Sodium NS NS mg/l

12 Potassium NS NS mg/l

13 Cadmium as Cd 0.003 No relaxation mg/l

14 Iron as Fe 0.3 No relaxation mg/l

15 Lead as Pb 0.01 No relaxation mg/l

16 Chromium 0.05 No relaxation mg/l

17 Mercury as Hg 0.001 No relaxation mg/l

18 Nickel as Ni 0.02 No relaxation mg/l

19 Zinc as Zn 5 15 mg/l

20 Total coliforms at 37

0C for 48

hrs. Absent Absent Org/100ml

21 Ecoli at 44.50C for 24hrs. Absent Absent Org/100ml

22 COD NS NS mg/l

23 BOD NS NS mg/l

24 Fluoride F- 1.0 1.5 mg/l

25 Magnesium Mg++ 30 100 mg/l

* NS: Not Specified

3.4.5. Interpretation:

The above results indicate that the pH of all the ground water samples was within the

prescribed standards.

The concentration of heavy metals like arsenic, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel & cadmium

were not detected. In the case of zinc it can be observed that the concentration of zinc is

either below the detection limit or minimal. Iron was not detected in all the ground water

samples. The hardness of all the ground water samples was found to be ranging between

117.4-230 mg/lit. The value of hardness was found to be exceeding the acceptable limit but

was within the permissible limit at location GW1.




It can be observed that the values for total dissolved solids in all the sampling locations were

estimated to be under the acceptable standards for drinking water. The concentration of total

dissolved solids ranged between 110-370 mg/lit. The maximum concentration of was

observed at location GW 1 whereas the minimum concentration was observed at GW8.

It should be noted that the microbiological analysis of the samples indicate that e-coli was

absent in all the ground water samples.

Thus based on the above results it can be stated that the water from the said samples can be

considered fit for consumption and potable purpose with primary treatment. The water can be

used for domestic utilization and gardening without any treatment.




3.5. Noise Level Monitoring

It is known that high and prolonged or continuous exposure to noise levels leads to

deleterious effects on the humans, plants and animals. Noise level pollution in the rural or

urban areas can be of great concern. Monitoring of Noise level provides an insight pertaining

to the prevailing conditions of noise in the surrounding areas. This data when available is

considered as a baseline data for a given area and based on the data predictions in increase in

noise levels are carried out.

3.5.1. Noise generation sources in the study area

As the present proposed project site is located in the notified industrial area, various sources

of noise generation can be said to be arising from the various industrial activities carried out

in the surroundings. Other sources contributing to high noise levels can be attributed to

movement of heavy vehicles in the nearby areas. Apart from the heavy vehicles, the number

of public and private vehicles plying in the region can be said to contributing towards noise

pollution.

3.5.2. Monitoring Details

Noise monitoring was carried out as per the Central Pollution Control Board guidelines on

24-hourly basis at 8 locations in 10 km radius of the study area. Monitoring was carried out

on weekly basis (once in a week). The locations were decided as per the guidance of the

Functional Area Experts and are presented in Fig.3.12 on Google Earth Image and 3.13 on

SOI maps. The noise levels monitored were grouped into day and night time noise levels. The

day time is considered to be during 6 am to 10 pm and night noise time is considered between

10 pm to 6 am at all the locations in the study area. The noise monitoring was carried out by a

precision integrated noise meter of baseline technology Model No. 2511. It should be noted

that location A1 is situated in the industrial area while rest of the locations are categorized

into sensitive and residential areas. The standards used for comparison of the noise levels are

therefore used as per the standards prescribed regulations of CPCB.

3.5.3. Criteria for selection of noise level monitoring locations




The locations for representative noise monitoring were selected considering the following

criteria:-

1. Identification of probable sources.

2. Identification of Sensitive Receptors around the project area.

3. Individuals/Areas likely to be affected due to the proposed activity.

4. Topography of the study area.

5. Site feasibility related to accessibility, etc.

The details of the monitoring locations are provided in Table 3.15.




Fig No. 3.12: Noise Level Monitoring Locations on Google Earth Imagery




Fig. 3.13: Sampling Locations for Noise Monitoring on SOI map




Table No. 3.15 Details of Noise Quality Monitoring Stations

The ambient air quality monitoring results for all the monitoring locations is presented in

Table 3.16.

Table No. 3.16 Result of Ambient Noise Monitoring

Code Monitoring Location Noise in dB(A) Leq

Daytime

Noise in dB(A) Leq

Night Time

N1 Premises of AOPL 66.8 54.6

N2 Dhatav Village 53.4 43.3

N3 Ladhar Village 52.6 41.9

N4 Near Bhuwaneshwar village 50.8 40.2

N5 Pingalsai village 51.2 42.8

N6 Near Malsai 49.6 37.6

N7 Devakanhe 48.8 38.9

N8 Nivi village 47.9 36.2

NAAQ Noise Limit (Industrial Area) 75 70

NAAQ Noise Limit (Residential Area) 55 45

Note: Monitoring & Analysis performed by Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd, Laboratory.

Sr.



Direction Dist.

(Km) Lat Long Type of Area

1 N1 Premises of AOPL - Centre 18°25'30.43"N 73° 9'1.72"E Industrial

2 N2 Dhatav Village SE 1.54 km 18°24'59.82"N 73° 9'43.20"E Residential

3 N3 Ladhar Village S 2.54 km 18°24'8.37"N 73° 8'49.27"E Residential

4 N4 Near Bhuwaneshwar

village SWW 2.26 k.m. 18°25'5.74"N 73° 7'48.88"E Residential

5 N5 Pingalsai village NW 4.28 k.m. 18°27'10.70"N 73° 7'20.12"E Residential

6 N6 Near Malsai NNW 3.52 k.m. 18°27'21.11"N 73° 8'29.89"E Residential 7 N7 Devakanhe NNE 2.73 k.m. 18°26'54.60"N 73° 9'29.97"E Residential

8 N8 Nivi village SW 4.09 km 18°24'21.64"N 73° 7'2.16"E Residential





Industrial Zone

The day time noise level at the project premises was observed to be 66.8 dB (A) while during

night time the noise level was recorded to be 54.6 dB (A). It should be noted that the noise

levels during the day time as well as night time were estimated to be under the prescribed

standards by Central Pollution Control Board.

Residential Zone

The noise monitoring conducted at seven locations for 24hr, once in a week and average

hourly readings were recorded. The minimum noise level recorded during the daytime was

observed at location N8, where as the maximum noise levels can be observed at location N2.

It should be noted that the permissible limits for noise did not exceed at any of the locations

selected for sampling.




3.6. Soil Quality

3.6.1. Probable sources of soil pollution/contamination in the study area

Soil can be said to be polluted due to the discharge of treated or un-treated effluent,

hazardous waste generated, solid waste by various industries located in the industrial cluster.

If the industrial wastes are not disposed off scientifically they may leach into soil and affect

the soil quality adversely. This problem can also arise by uncontrolled disposal of municipal

solid waste or sewage inhabited or vacated land.

3.6.2. Sampling Techniques:

The soil samples were collected from 1.5 m depth

The samples were stored in 1Kg. HDPE zip-lock bags and transported to laboratory in

cool and dry containers.

The samples were analyzed for physical & chemical characteristics. The samples have

been analyzed as per the established methods for physico-chemical parameters & heavy

metals.


The sampling frequency was once a season (study period March to May, 2017) from

eight locations.

3.6.4. Criteria for soil sampling location

The locations for collection of representative sample were selected considering -

1. From agricultural land in downwind direction

2. From comparatively polluted site viz. within industrial area

Based on the above understanding the eight sampling locations were identified for the

purpose of sampling is presented in Fig. 3.14 and Fig. 3.15 on Google Earth Image and SOI

maps. The coordinates of the sampling locations are provided in Table 3.16.




Fig. No. 3.14 Soil Quality Sampling Locations (Google Earth Imagery)




Fig. No. 3.15 Soil Quality Sampling Locations (SOI map)




Table No.3.17 Details of Soil Quality Sampling Stations

The parameters for the analysis and the corresponding methodologies are presented in Table

3.18. the results are provided in Table 3.19

Table No. 3.18 Methodology of soil quality analysis

Sr.

No. Parameters Units Method

1. pH - IS:2720 (PART 26)-1987

2. Moisture Content % Procedure for Soil Analysis by Food and Agriculture

Organization of United nations /International soil reference &

information center compiled under Edited by LP Vanreeuwijk

6 Edition 2002

3. Organic matter %

4. Exchangeable Calcium as

Ca mg/kg

5. Color - SW 846

6. Soil texture mg/kg Trivedi & Goel

7. Electrical Conductivity mS/cm IS :14767 : 2000

8. Water holding Capacity % Hand book of methods in envt studies vol-II by S K Maiti

9. Phosphorus as P mg/kg

Lab SOP no. SEE/LD/SOP-SA/28 issue dt 29/03/2014 based

on procedure of soil Analysis by Food and Agriculture

Organization of United nations /International soil reference &

information center compiled under Edited by LP Vanreeuwijk

6 Edition 2002

10. Total Nitrogen mg/kg

Lab SOP No. SEE/LD/SP-SA/04 (Based on procedure for Soil

Analysis by Food and Agriculture Organization of United

nations /International soil reference & information center

compiled under Edited by LP Vanreeuwijk 6 Edition 2002)

11. Nitrite as NO2- mg/kg

Leachate Preparation - Soil Analysis by Food and Agriculture

Organization and rest as per APHA 4500- NO2-B 22 nd

Sr.

No. Sampling Code & Location Direction

Dist.

(Km) Coordinates

Area/Land

use type

1. S1 Project Site - - 18°25'27.77"N 73° 9'3.62"E Industrial

2. S2 Dhatav village SE 1.0 18°25'6.15"N 73° 9'25.01"E Agricultural

3. S3 Talaghar Village SW 1.9 18°24'50.20"N 73° 8'13.50"E Agricultural

4. S4 Ladhar Village SW 2.6 18°24'7.14"N 73° 8'49.71"E Agricultural

5. S5 Pingalsai Village NW 4.5 18°27'9.32"N 73° 7'15.43"E Agricultural

6. S6 Malsai Village NW 3.6 18°27'20.67"N 73° 8'29.24"E Agricultural

7. S7 Devkanhe Village NE 2.7 18°26'54.66"N 73° 9'29.26"E Agricultural

8. S8 Nivii Village SW 4.2 18°24'21.98"N 73° 6'59.07"E Agricultural




Sr.

No. Parameters Units Method

Edition

12. Arsenic as As mg/kg EPA - 3050 B 7000-B

13. Cadmium as Cd mg/kg EPA - 3050 B 7000-B

14. Chromium as Cr mg/kg EPA - 3050 B 7000-B

15. Lead as Pb mg/kg EPA - 3050 B 7000-B

16. Magnesium as Mg mg/kg EPA - 3050 B 7000-B

17. Iron as Fe mg/kg EPA - 3050 B 7000-B

18. Potassium as K mg/kg EPA - 3050 B 7000-B

19. Sodium as Na mg/kg EPA - 3050 B 7000-B


The findings of the study reveal that pH of the soil in the study area ranged between 7.0 – 7.7

which is an indicative of the neutral to moderately alkaline nature of soil. The values for

Nitrogen at all locations varied between 37.5 to 72 kg/ha. Maximum concentration of

nitrogen was observed at location S6.

The concentration of phosphate was estimated to be between 123 to 198 kg/ha. The highest

concentration can be observed at location S3, while the lowest concentration can be observed

at location S2.

It is important to note that the concentration of potassium was found to be high at all

locations ranging between 324 to 507 kg/ha.

Based on the above findings it can be concluded that the soil samples can be classified as per

soil classification given by Tondon H.L.S. (2005). The samples fall under low to medium

fertile soils (Table 3.20 and table 3.21). The presence of heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium,

lead & chromium in both the soil samples were below the detection limit.




Table 3.19 Analysis of Soil Samples for Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd.

Sr. No. Parameters Location

Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8

1 pH 7.7 7.3 7.4 7.2 7.1 7.5 7.6 7.0 -

2 Moisture Content 26 38 23 28 33 38 27 35 %

3 Organic matter 1.4 2.8 1.2 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.5 %

4 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca 380 242 280 266 305 312 328 320 mg/kg

5 Color Gray Gray Reddish

Brown

Reddish

Brown

Reddish

Brown Reddish Reddish

Reddish

Brown -

6 Soil texture Sandy

loom

Sandy

loom

Sandy

loam

Sandy

loam

Sandy

loam Clay loam Clay loam

Sandy

loam mg/kg

7 Electrical Conductivity 0.75 0.69 0.66 0.58 0.74 0.82 0.77 0.62 mS/cm

8 Water holding Capacity 43 35 38 41 43 36 38 39 %

9 Arsenic as As ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND mg/kg

10 Cadmium as Cd ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND mg/kg

11 Chromium as Cr ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND mg/kg

12 Lead as Pb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND mg/kg

13 Magnesium as Mg 764 912 793 873 864 933 908 752 mg/kg

14 Iron as Fe 350 276 285 357 258 246 266 262 mg/kg

15 Potassium as K 338 220 216 238 334 328 296 280 mg/kg

16 Total Nitrogen 28 26 25 38 40 48 29 37 mg/kg

17 Phosphate as PO4- 96 82 132 95 112 110.4 120 83.8 mg/kg

18 Cation exchange capacity 31.4 26.4 52.8 45.6 43.1 35.2 66.8 44.8 mg/kg 19 SAR 4.9 3.4 4.3 4.1 4.5 5.5 12.3 10.9 mg/kg

Note: Monitoring & Analysis performed by Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd, Laboratory.




Table 3.20 Chemical Classification of Soil Quality

Sr. No. Soil Test Classification

1 pH

4.5 Extremely acidic

4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic

5.51-6.00 moderately acidic

6.01-6.50 slightly acidic

6.51-7.30 Neutral

7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline

7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline

8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline

9.01 very strongly alkaline

2

Salinity Electrical Conductivity

(mmhos/cm)

(1ppm = 640 mmho/cm)

Upto 1.00 Average

1.01-2.00 harmful to germination

2.01-3.00 harmful to crops

(sensitive to salts)

3 Organic Carbon (%)

Upto 0.2: very less

0.21-0.4: less

0.41-0.5 medium,

0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient

0.81-1.00: sufficient

>1.0 more than sufficient

4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha)

Upto 50 very less

51-100 less

101-150 good

151-300 Better

>300 sufficient

5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha)

Upto 15 very less

16-30 less

31-50 medium

51-65 on an average sufficient

66-80 sufficient

>80 more than sufficient

6 Potash (Kg/ha)

0 -120 very less

120-180 less

181-240 medium

241-300 average

301-360 better

>360 more than sufficient

Source: Hand Book of Agriculture, ICAR, New Delhi




Table 3.21 Levels of Soil Fertility

Soil Fertility

Level

Organic

Carbon (%)

Available

N kg/ha

Available

P2O5 kg/ha

Available

K2O kg/ha

Very high > 1.00 > 700 > 80.0 > 360

High 0.81- 1.00 561 – 700 64 – 80 301 – 360

Medium 0.61-0.80 421 – 560 48 – 64 241 – 300

Medium Low 0.41-0.60 281 – 420 32 – 48 181 – 240

Low 0.21-0.40 141 – 280 16 – 32 121 – 180

Very Low 0.20 140 16.0 120

Source : Tondon H.L.S.( 2005 )




3.7.Geology & Hydrogeology of the study area

The entire district is covered by basaltic lava flows known as “Deccan Traps”. These Deccan

Traps are capped by latterites. The Recent, Sub-Recent and Pleistocene latterites are observed

within the study area. Geologically Konkan lowland is a platform of marine denuation raised

to form a narrow plain.

The steep scarps facing the coast and some-what gentle slopes towards the east believed to be

due to extensive faulting of the Ghat-region. The geology of entire study area is consisting of

dark basalt and latterite. These are spread out in the form of horizontal sheets and beds and

have innumerable spurs, hills, ridges, peaks and plateau.

The district is drained by short westwards flowing parallel streams, which originate in the

Sahyadri Mountains in the east and flow into the Arabian Sea. Ulhas, Patalganga, Amba,

Kundlika, Savitri, Kal, Gandhari and Ghod are the major rivers in the district. The district has

experienced hot and humid climate.

3.7.1. Geology of Raigad District

The steep scarps facing the coast and some-what gentle slopes towards the east believed to be

due to extensive faulting of the Ghat-region. The geology of entire study area is consisting of

dark basalt and latterite. These are spread out in the form of horizontal sheets and beds and

have innumerable spurs, hills, ridges, peaks and plateau.

Geologically Konkan lowland is a platform of marine denuation raised to form a narrow

plain. The steep scarps facing the coast and some-what gentle slopes towards the east

believed to be due to extensive faulting of the ghat region. The geology of the entire district

consists of dark colored volcanic lava and laterites which date back to Mesozoic period.

These are spread out in the form of horizontal sheets and beds and have innumerable spurs,

hills, ridges, peaks and plateaux. In the plains and valleys, the lava flows occurred below a

thin blanket of soil which varies in thickness from place to place. Petro logically the lava

flows in the district are in horizontal way with incredible uniformity in their composition,

appearance and texture corresponding to basalt with an average specific gravity of 2.9. The

basalt is a predominant rock formation of the district. The basalts are usually dark grey to




grey in color and are hard compact and tough and fine to medium grained structure. Deccan

Trap rock which is completely impervious to percolation, these causing an accuse shortage of

water in summer. Beds of laterite can be said to be, usually formed by mechanical and

chemical disintegration brought by atmospheric agencies on the underlying trap, cap of

several picks and lofty ridges in the district.

The types of rocks present in the Raigad region can be highlighted as under:

Deccan Trap Basalt

Ground water in Deccan Trap Basalt occurs mostly in the upper weathered and fractured

parts down to 10 – 15 m bgl under unconfined condition. The water bearing strata at deeper

depth exists under semi confined to confined conditions. The dugwells in these areas show

rapid decline in water level during post-monsoon period and practically go dry in peak

summer. In foot hill zones the water table is relatively shallower near water course. The yield

of dugwells tapping upper phreatic aquifer ranges between 45 to 60 m3/day, whereas that of

borewells varies from 0.50 to > 20 m3/hr. depending upon the location.

Beach Sand/Alluvium

The Alluvial deposits are found along the coastal areas in few isolated patches having limited

areal extent as Beach Sand and along the course of major rivers. In the alluvial deposits,

primary porosity is due to the inter-granular pore spaces making sands and gravels good

water bearing formations. The ground water occurs under phreatic/unconfined aquifer at

relatively shallow depths of 3-5 m and their yield ranges from about 18 to 43 m3/hr.




Fig 3.16 Geological Map of Raigad District, Maharashtra State Source: Ground Water

Information Raigarh District Maharashtra, Central Ground Water Board, 2013

3.7.2. Hydrogeology of Raigad District

The district is drained by short westwards flowing parallel streams, which originate in the

Sahyadri Mountains in the east and flow into the Arabian Sea. Ulhas, Patalganga, Amba,




Kundlika, Savitri, Kal, Gandhari and Ghod are the major rivers in the district. The district has

experienced hot and humid climate.

Central Ground Water Board periodically monitors 28 National Hydrograph Network

Stations (NHNS) in Raigarh district, four times a year i.e. January, May, August and

November

Depth to Water Level (May – 2011)

The depth to water levels in major parts of the district during May 2011 ranges between 0.95

m bgl (Jite) and 7.70 m bgl (Chinchwad). Depth to water levels during pre-monsoon (May

2007) has been depicted in. The water level in major part of the district ranges from 2-5

mbgl. The water level ranging from 5 to 10 mbgl are observed in northern and in southern

part of the district i.e around Poladpur, Chandore and Temple also as scattered patches across

the district. Shallow water levels of less than 2 mbgl are also found across the district as

isolated patches.

Source: Ground Water Information Raigarh District Maharashtra, Central Ground Water Board,

2013




3.8. Traffic Study

Dhatav MIDC is surrounded by many well known industries, commercial & residential

buildings. The road adjacent to the project site is MIDC road having width of 9 meter

connects to the village road. This MIDC road is being utilized by industries for transports of

raw material & products. The major traffic on this road is heavy vehicles like truck, mini

trucks and transportation vehicles like ST buses.

The present section discusses the results of assessment of the local transportation and

connectivity to the project site. The study attempts to estimate the prevailing traffic scenario

by assessing the adequacy of the existing infrastructure related to increased load of

transportation related facilities in the surrounding areas of the proposed project site.

3.8.1. Objective

The objective of the study is to assess & study the present traffic pattern on the main access

roads to the project site in order to estimate the traffic flow pattern on completion of the

proposed project.

3.8.2. Methodology

Generally traffic surveillance study involves one or other survey technique either by manual

observation or automatic method by using instruments. The traffic survey methodology

adopted for current study is Classified Traffic Volume Count Survey. The sampling

locations for the study are depicted in Fig. 3.17 and provided in Table 3.22.




3.8.3. Method of Counting

The counting of vehicles was achieved by following one method:

1) Manual Method

The survey by this method mainly involves visual counts by the survey team.

3.8.4. Equipments used

1) Garmin GPS

Garmin etrex 10 GPS was used to locate the pre decided observation points.

2) Measuring Tape

A measuring tape was used to measure the road breadth.

3.8.5. Data Collection

The transport roads for the proposed project have been identified; transportation of material

carrying vehicles will mainly take place through Kolad-Roha road. Further access up to

project site is achieved by internal connecting MIDC Road (MIDC Main Road)/. The

important traffic junctions identified on the above road are:

i) Junction joining the Kolad-Roha Road and MIDC

ii) Junction joining the Kolad-Roha Road and national highway No. 66

iii) At Sudarshan Company Bus Stop, MIDC

iv) Near Roha town




Figure 3.17: Traffic Observation Locations




Table 3.22 Traffic study observation locations

Sr.

No.

Observation

Point Code Observation Point Details

Aerial Distance from

project site (km)

1 TS1 Junction joining the Kolad-Roha Road and MIDC 0

2 TS2 Junction joining the Kolad-Roha Road and national

highway No. 66 6.9

3 TS 3 At Sudarshan Company Bust Stop, MIDC 1.2

4 TS 4 Near Roha town 2.9

3.8.6. Categorization of Traffic

To establish effective vehicle count during the survey the traffic was categorized into Heavy

Vehicles (Multi Axle Vehicles), Truck, Tempo, Bus, Car, Auto (Three Wheelers),

Motorcycle (Bike) & Cycle. The results of vehicle count are converted into Passenger Car

Units (PCU’s) as per the equivalent PCUs prescribed by Indian Road Congress (IRC)

guidelines (Table 3.23). The equivalency factor for various types of vehicles is as given in the

below table.

Table 3.23 Recommended PCU factors for various types of vehicles on urban roads

Type of Vehicle Equivalent PCU’s

5% 10% & above

Two Wheelers, Motor Cycle or Scooter etc. 0.5 0.75

Passenger Car, Pick-up Van 1.0 1.0

Auto-Rickshaw 1.2 2.0

Light Commercial Vehicle 1.4 2.0

Truck or Bus 2.2 3.7

Agricultural Tractor Trailer 4.0 5.0

Cycle 0.4 0.5

Cycle Rickshaw 1.5 2.0

Tonga (Horse drawn vehicle) 1.5 2.0

Hand Cart 2.0 3.0

Source IRC: 106-1990




3.8.7. Observation & Assessment

The traffic flow pattern observed at traffic observation point - TS1 during morning & evening

peak hours is as shown in the following figures Fig. (3.18 to 3.21). The results obtained

thereby are summarized in Table 3.26




9%

15%

5%

7%

10%11%

30%

13%

Heavy Truck Truck Tempo

Bus Auto Car

Motorcycle Cycle

Fig. 3.18 Percentage of vehicle count at (TS1) during

morning peak hours (8 AM to 9 AM)

Fig. 3.19 Percentage of vehicle count at (TS1)

during evening peak hours (9 AM to 10 AM)

4%

10% 4%

4%

7%

18%

41%

12%

Heavy Truck Truck TempoBus Auto Car Motorcycle Cycle

3.8.7.1. Observation at (TS1): Junction joining the Kolad-Roha Road and MIDC during

morning peak hours

The percentages of vehicles at TS1 in evening peak hours are depicted in Fig. 3.20 and 3.21.

8%12%

5%

11%

9%31%

20%

4%


Bus Auto Car

Motorcycle Cycle

10%13%

6%

8%

9%29%

20%

5%


Bus Auto Car

Figure 3.20: Percentage of vehicle count at (TS1)

during evening peak hours (4 PM to 5 PM)






Heavy Truck11%

Truck18%

Tempo2%

Bus6%

Auto 11%

Car 33%

Motorcycle

15%

Cycle 4%

Heavy Truck10%

Truck17%

Tempo1%

Bus6%

Auto 13%

Car 38%

Motorcycle

12%

Cycle 3%

Figure 3.22: Percentage of vehicle count at (TS2) during

evening peak hours (8 AM to 9 AM)


during evening peak hours (9 AM to 10 AM)

The percentages of vehicles at TS2 in morning and evening peak hours are depicted in Fig.

3.21 and 3.22, and Fig. 3.23 and Fig. 3.24, respectively.

10%

20%

3%6%

13%

33%

12%

3%


10%

17%

4%

6%

14%

34%

11%

4%









11%

15%

6%7%

8%33%

15%5%


9%

14%3%

9%

8%34%

20%

3%


Bus Auto Car

Figure 3.26: Percentage of vehicle count at (TS3) during morning

peak hours (8 AM to 9 AM)



8%12%

5%

11%

9%31%

19%

5%


9%

13%

6%

9%

9%29%

20%

5%


Bus Auto Car




evening peak hours (4 PM to 5 PM)




0%

3%

1%

10%

30%

12%

36%

8%


Bus Auto Car

Motorcycle Cycle

1%

1%

0%

11%

33%

14%

37%

3%




1%

2%

0%

10%

30%

16%

33%

8%


Bus Auto Car

Motorcycle Cycle

1%

1%

1%

8%

32%

13%

35%

9%


Bus Auto Car

Motorcycle Cycle




morning peak hours (9AM to 10 AM)






The Summary of Traffic Details in terms of PCUs for the traffic locations is presented in the

Table 3.24.

Table 3.24 Summary of traffic in terms of PCUs observed at observation point (TS1 to

TS 4) - during (08: 00 to 10: 00 AM) & (04: 00 to 06:00 PM)

Time T S 1 T S 2 T S 3 T S 4

Morning Peak Hours

8 A.m. to 9 A.m. 90.3 718.9 769.25 627.75

9 A.m. to 10 A.m. 147.9 645.5 612.15 670.6

Average PCUs Per Hour 119.1 682.2 690.7 649.175

Evening Peak hours

4 P.m. to 5 P.m. 103.45 529.2 443.4 542.65

5 P.m. to 6 P.m. 173.85 654.9 613.4 644.55

Average PCUs Per Hour 138.65 592.05 528.4 593.6

Interpretation

It can be observed that the TS 3. The reason behind this can be said to be that the location TS

3 lies in the centre of Location TS 2 and TS 4. Thus it experiences vehicular traffic from both

the directions. The lowest traffic in terms of PCUS is observed near TS1 which is situated

inside the MIDC premises near to the proposed project site. Minimum traffic density is also

observed near TS1 during evening as well as morning peak hours.

3.8.7.2. Increased traffic scenario due to proposed project

The proposed project intends to engage trucks/tempos for the purpose of transportation of

raw materials as well as finished goods. Along with this the vehicles from the employees

hired are also expected to increase. It is estimated that the proposed activity will lead to

increase addition of 3 trucks/tempos per week to the project site.

The transportation activity will mainly take place by Kolad-Roha from which further access

to MIDC will be achieved. It should be noted that the same route will be utilized for exit as




there no separate road available. As an initiative for efficient traffic management the project

proponent will ensure that transportation activity will be carried out mainly after 10 AM in

order to avoid peak hour traffic. However to assess the increased traffic scenario due to the

proposed project the increased fleet vehicles has been considered. It is estimated that due to

the proposed project the increase in traffic would be 35 PCUs (Table 3.25).

Table 3.25 PCUs at All sampling locations

Time T S 1 T S 2 T S 3 T S 4

Morning Peak Hours

8 A.m. to 9 A.m. 98 725 773 634

9 A.m. to 10 A.m. 151 650 615 673

Average PCUs Per

Hour 124 688 694 653

Evening Peak hours

4 P.m. to 5 P.m. 106 537 453 548

5 P.m. to 6 P.m. 176 657 617 647

Average PCUs Per

Hour 141 597 535 597




Increased traffic scenario

The increased Traffic scenario is explained by segregating temporally and presented in Table

3.26.

Table 3.26 Summary of increased traffic in terms of PCUs due to proposed project -

Location Time Present Proposed

Estimated

Increase

TS 1 Morning 119 124 5

Evening 139 141 3


Evening 592 597 5


Evening 528 535 7


Evening 594 597 4




3.9.Land use Pattern

The prevailing Land Use & Land Cover (LULC) pattern in the 10 km radial study area are

assessed based on remote sensing technique using satellite imagery.

The interpretation of satellite image was done in succession stages as described below:

i) Visual Interpretation:

The land use/ land cover classes were established by processing the satellite imagery by using

image processing software to obtain various land use land cover classless & analyzing the

resultant output based on image characteristics/elements such as Color, Tone, Texture,

Pattern, Size, Shape, Association etc.

ii) Ground Truth Survey

Ground truth verification of the doubtful elements/classes encountered during the visual

analysis & interpretations were confirmed by deploying ground truth survey & the findings of

the same were incorporated during finalizing the LULC map of the study area. The LULC

map of the study area is shown in the following figure.

3.9.1 Prevailing LULC in the study area

The Land Use and Land cover of the study area is presented in Fig. 3.34




Fig No 3.34: Land Use Land Cover Map of the Study Area

Observation & Assessment of LULC

Based on the image analysis land use/ land cover classes in the study area can be categorized

as presented in Table 3.31. The area is distributed in as per Land use classification and is

provided in Fig. 3.34 whereas the Land cover classification is depicted in Fig. 3.35.




Table 3.27 Categorization of land use & land cover pattern of the study area

Sr.

No.

Land Use Classes Area in

Sq.km.

Level - I

Classification

Level - II Classification

1 Built up Habitation/Settlement, Developmental Setups

(Roads, Commercial setups, Educational

Institutes, Offices etc.)

7.31430842

Industrial Area 4.046647825

2 Agricultural Land Crop land 70.80567127

Fallow land 7.462591874

Orchard 6.439512878

3 Mining Laterite quarries 0.668105508

4 Artificial Water

Reservoirs

Surface Water Tank Reservoir/Dam/Tank 0.339027977

Land Cover Classes

1 Scrub land Open areas with scrub vegetation 24.327039893

2 Vegetation Reserve Forest 185.67414863

3 River Kundalika River & its tributaries 7.078029469

Total 314.1550837

3.9.3 Percentage wise LULC assessment of the study area

The percentage wise land use & land cover pattern of the study areas is represented in the

figures 3.35 & 3.36 respectively.




Fig No 3.35: Percentage wise Land Use classification of the study area

Fig No 3.36: Percentage wise Land Cover classification of the study area




Interpretation

Land Use

The study area prevailed 5 types of land use classes of which Agriculture was the dominant

land use type with 87% whereas, the remaining land uses classes accounted for the remaining

13% such as Built Up (Habitation/Settlement, Developmental Setups [Roads, Commercial

setups, Educational Institutes, Offices etc.]) contributing to 8%, Industrial Area by 4% and

Mining & Artificial Water Reservoir accounting to meager 1%.

Land Cover

The study area had 3 types of land cover classes of which Vegetation (Reserve Forest) was

the most dominant with 86% and Scrubland & River covering 11% & 3% respectively.

3.9.2 Drainage Pattern of the Study Area

The drainage pattern of the study area has been determined by using remote sensing

technique. Satellite imagery has been processed by using software to obtain drainage pattern

map of the study area.

3.9.3 Observation & assessment of drainage pattern in study area

The study area is largely an undulating terrain characterized by hills & hillocks which are

extensions to the foothills of the Sahyadri ranges on the western slope. The surface drainage

in the study area is largely represented by the westerly meandering Kundalika River & its

tributaries. Also the study area is marked by presence of few small artificial surface water

bodies near Usar Village. The prevailing drainage pattern in the study area is of dendritic type

as depicted in the following drainage pattern map.




Fig No 3.37: Map depicting Drainage Pattern of the study area




3.10 Prevailing Ecology of the Study Area

Ecology in essence is the study of interaction of living and non-living components,

interaction of community and the environment and exchange of material (energy and

nutrient) between living and non-living parts.

The ecological study has been conducted to establish the prevailing baseline ecological data

in terms of terrestrial biodiversity status in the study area & to identify and assess the

probable impacts associated with the proposed project on the prevailing ecology & to

advocate suitable mitigation measures for the same.

3.10.1 Study Area

The study area was 10 km radial distance from the project site considering inner 5 km radial

distance as core area & outer 10 km radial distance as the buffer study area as depicted in the

following figure.




Figure 3.38: 10 km radial study area (Google Earth Imagery)




Scope of the study

To assess the implications of the proposed project on the surrounding ecology within study

area following attributes were considered & executed:

To identify & assess habitat loss if any due to the proposed project.

Negative impacts if any on the existing ecologically sensitive areas/potential habitats

in the study area due to the proposed project.

3.10.2 Primary Baseline Data

General features of the prevailing Terrestrial Ecosystem in study area

The 10 km radial study area viz. Dhatav MIDC & surrounding area comes under the

jurisdiction of Roha Municipal Council. The study area visited was a region characterized by

hills & hillocks which are mainly extensions to the foothills of Shayadri ranges along the

western slope. As observed during the reconnaissance survey major part of the inner 5 km

study area was an undulating terrain wherein the Dhatav MIDC area situated on a strip of flat

land along the southern bank of the Kundalika River, along with hosting the industrial cluster

the inner 5 km study area was subjected other developmental activities by virtue of Roha City

& several other villages. The inner 5 km study area had tremendous presence of small

agricultural lands. The prominent vegetation existed along the east-west running Pallekhurdh

to Bhuwaneshwar hillocks & along the hillock located north of Udadavane Village which are

patches of Reserve Forest. The major part of the outer 5 km radial study area was also a hilly

tract with uniform cover of vegetation along the northerly & southerly located hills as

Reserve Forest. The observed vegetation in the study area was of Southern Tropical Dry

Deciduous forest type as found across the entire range in the Raigad District.

General features of the prevailing Aquatic Ecosystem in study area




The aquatic system in the study area is largely represented by the westerly meandering

Kundalika River which moreover flows through the central part of the study area from

Dolwahal village located in east up to Zolambe village in west is a tidal river draining into

Arabain Sea at Revdanda & prevails estuarine environment up to Roha. Dense mangroves

extend from the mouth of the estuary to 24 km inland and also within the study area. The

Kundalika River is also marked by presence unevenly distributed islands & tidal flats along

the tidal stretch of the river. Apart from the said river only few artificial surface water bodies

are present near Usar village in the study area.

Note: Since any of the project related activities during commissioning & operation phase

will not be associated with the prevailing surface water bodies in the study area in terms of

withdrawal or disposal/discharge hence no impact is envisaged on the water bodies so the

studies pertaining to aquatic ecology such as Plankton, Chlorophyll, Benthos, Fisheries etc.

have been kept out the purview of this study.

3.10.3 Project Site specific Floral Assessment

The proposed project is a new project for manufacturing of Perfumery Reagents for which

Project Proponent has procured plot no. 2/12, Dhatav MIDC, Roha, Dist – Raigad,

Maharashtra with the existing infrastructure. The vegetation prevailing on the plot was

mainly by the virtue of green belt development comprising of various growth from such as

Trees, Shrubs & Herbs.

The existing green belt is mainly along the southern & eastern boundary of the project plot &

near main gate. A total of 261 plants mostly native evergreen trees with intermittent

flowering & foliageous ornamental plants have been planted. Also the ground vegetation viz.

gregarious herbs, grasses & ephemerals were seen growing in open places of the project plot.

The details of existing green belt are given in Table 1 of Annexure 3.1.

3.10.4 Floral diversity & status in the study area




As discussed earlier, the study area had vast patches of Reserve Forest all along the hills &

hillocks along the north & east to west in the 10 km radial study area. The field visits resulted

in recoding 70 floral species which comprised of 47 trees, 6 shrubs, 11 herbs & 6 climbers.

The floral species recorded during the study are commonest for the region in consideration &

have wide range of presence & abundance in the entire Raigad District.

The comprehensive floral & faunal inventory is attached as Annexure 3.1

3.10.5 Status evaluation

Since the proposed project plot has been purchased with the existing infrastructures such as

manufacturing building, storage area, solvent tank farm yard, electric transformer yard,

security cabin etc. the only proposed ground coverage activity will be development of

parking zone in an area of 1885.00 sq. m. Now the area demarcated for this said parking zone

is devoid of any tree however the ground preparation/clearing activities will lead to loss of

ground dwelling herbaceous flora. In order to assess the conservation related aspects of such

the flora, the status evaluation has been done as per the International Union for Conservation

of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) assessment.

The details of assessment are described in Chapter 4 (Anticipated Environmental Impacts and

Mitigation Measures).

3.10.6 Faunal diversity & status in the study area

The field visits in and around the vegetated hillocks along the Palekhurdh to Bhuwaneshwar

villages near to the MIDC industrial area resulted in recording 26 avifaunal species

comprising of aquatic & terrestrial habitat dwelling belonging to 19 families & 24 genera.

The recorded bird species are resident & commonest for the region in consideration. Other

observed fauna was Indian Palm Squirrel, Stray dog, Brahminy skink & 5 butterfly species.

However interactions with the locals also revealed presence of mammal’s viz. Indian boar,

Indian crested porcupine, Spotted deer, Barking deer and Black naped hare and reptiles viz.




Rat snake, Vine snake, Russels viper and Indian spectacled cobra in and around the above

said hillocks.

3.10.7 Status Evaluation

Off the recorded 26 bird species the IUCN assessment for 25 species is as Least Concern ver

3.1, 1 species as Not Yet Assessed. As per the Wildlife Protection Act (WPA,1972) 14

species were listed as Schedule-IV & 1 species as Schedule-V and of the other observed

fauna viz. 2 mammals, 1 reptile & 5 butterflies note are listed as Schedule-I as per WPA,

1972 & also does not belongs to any categories of concern as pr IUCN.

3.10.8 Secondary Data

There was tremendous paucity of published literature for the study area & surrounding

region. The only source of secondary data was interactions with the locals. Hence interactions

were held with locals to know the presence/activity of any other fauna all year around.

Reference I - Interactions held with the locals during EB Study

On the basis of description provided by them; presence of some mammals & reptiles in the

study can be concluded as depicted in Table 6 of Annexure 3.1.

The detailed floral & faunal inventory is attached as Annexure 3.1.

3.10.9 Applicability of forest & wild life related clearances

The proposed project is located in notified Dhatav MIDC industrial area & does not involve

any use of forest land also within 10 km radial distance of the project site Protected Areas are

not located hence forestry related clearances are not applicable. Also during the present study

presence of any species of conservation concern was not observed in the study area hence

conservation related aspects not are applicable.

3.11 Socio Economy

3.11.1 Part A- Introduction




Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is an integral part of project planning and policy evaluation

and part of environmental impact assessment (EIA) due the importance that social

considerations must be included in the decision process.

Purpose of the present study:

To conduct Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Study of Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. in

Dhatav Area.

3.11.1.1 Aim of the study:

This study aims to unearth impacts that Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. has on socio-economic

spheres of environment.

3.11.1.2 Objectives of the Study:

1. To determine the socio-economic and demographic profile of the areas included in the

study area.

2. To determine the people’s satisfaction towards accessibility of public resources within

the study area.

3. To study the impact of Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. activities within the study area.

4. To investigate the people’s attitude towards Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. within the

study area.

5. To prepare the suggestions and positive plan for mitigation

3.11.2 Part B- Method:

The study will focus on how the socio-economic environment has been impacted by the

Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry activities when they were functioning and at present.

Sample constituted of 50 participants those working as proponent’s managers, supervisors,

technicians, drivers, laborers, officials from the Panchayat office and people in the vicinity.

A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted for the socio-economic impact

assessment study.

By assuring confidentiality a verbal consent with the respondents were sorted for general

interaction. During general interaction the main focus was to collect information based on

the assessment tool developed for data collection.




3.11.3 Part 3 Results and Discussion

The objective was achieved analyzing the data collected through the assessment tool

mentioned in method section above. To avoid repetition and to maintain simplicity the

findings of the actual survey are presented in tabular form.

Table No. 3.28: Descriptive Statistics indicating mean and standard deviation (N=50)

Variables Minimum Maximum Mean Std.

Deviation

Age 21 66 37 7

Accessibility &

satisfaction 10 24 13 5

Impact 15 36 23 4

Attitude towards

Ambernath

Organics

18 35 25 2

Correlation analysis & interpretation:

The data collected by the assessment tool had three variables namely; accessibility of public

resources and its satisfaction, impact of industrial activity of Ambernath Organics and

attitude towards Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. The data of 50 participants was put for

correlation analysis. The data was found to be normally distributed hence; the data fulfils the

assumptions of parametric statistics. Based on this information Pearson product-moment

correlation was conducted.

It is found that accessibility of public resources and its satisfaction is significantly correlated

in positive direction with impact of Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry activity (r = .74; p

= .01). This indicates that accessibility of public resources will lead to low impact of industry

activities and vice versa. Accessibility of public resources and its satisfaction is also found to

be significantly correlated with attitude towards Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry

activity (r = -.63; p = .05) but in negative direction. This indicates that accessibility due to

accessibility of public resources there is positive inclination for Ambernath Organics Pvt.




Ltd. industry activity in the study area. Further, it is also found that impact of industrial

activity is significantly correlated with attitude towards industrial activity (r = -.46; p = .01).

This indicates that due to low impact there is positive attitude towards among the participants

in the study area (Table 3.29).

Table 3.29: indicating Pearson’s correlation among variables (N=50)1

Accessibility &

satisfaction Impact

Attitude towards

Ambernath

Organics Pvt. Ltd.

Accessibility & Satisfaction 1 - -

Impact .74** 1 -

Attitude towards Ambernath

Organics Pvt. Ltd. -.63* -.46 1

** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level.

* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level.

Conclusion:

This finding indicate that the sample is somewhere satisfied with the accessibility of public

recourses and the activity of the industry Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. will not hamper or

impact in any way to them. Hence, the attitude towards industrial activity is also found to be

favorable.

7.9.4 Part 4. Mitigations and Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

The third and the last objective are driven by the findings of the first and second objective.

The objective is to prepare the suggestions and positive plan for mitigation of the Ambernath

Organics Pvt. Ltd. Based on the findings it is indicated that there is no major considerable

impact on the socio-economic environment. The individual profiles of the participants in the

study do indicate some variations. However, the overall impression is indicative of positive




picture as far as socio-economic impact is considered. Still it is expected that the industry

owner/s should engage in social welfare, appropriate industrial activities and precautionary

measures to avoid any kind of impact on the socio-cultural and economic milieu.

Suggestions and positive plan for mitigation for the Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd.

Industry

It is suggested that the industry meticulously follow the guidelines by the various pollution

control boards as applicable.

The industry shall work to minimize their impact on Air, Water, Noise and Soil environment

as much as possible by implementing suitable pollution prevention technologies and other

methods.

Over and above, any issues generated in the community due to Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd.

industry activity needs to be actively attended and intervened by the proponent. It is also

expected that the regulatory agencies in these regard should keep vigilance and monitoring to

keep a check on the industrial activity.

References:

1. Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2012-13, Directorate of Economics and Statistics,

Planning Department 52st issue, Government of Maharashtra

2. District Social and Economic Survey of Raigad District, 2015, Government of

Maharashtra




Appendix- A

Tool for assessment of socio-economic impact of Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd.

Method for conducting the administration of the interview schedule:

The following tool can be administered in group or individual setting. If the informant

is literate he can self-administer the tool. However, it is advisable that the items should be

read and explained with all possible clarifications to the informant so that the response can

be beyond the given scale (key). Hence, the information generated can also be treated as an

interview.

Instructions to be followed or explained during conduction:

Below are some statements and questions which intend to explore your opinion about the

industries in your locality. A key is provided to you have to writing a number for your opinion

according to the key below.

Key

5= strongly satisfied

4= satisfied

3= moderately satisfied

2= dissatisfied

1= strongly dissatisfied

Section I. Accessibility of public resources & its satisfaction

Sr

no. Items Response

1 Are you satisfied with the educational facilities in your locality?

2 Are you satisfied with the health facilities in your locality?

3 Are you satisfied with the water facilities in your locality?

4 Are you satisfied with the transport facilities in your locality?

5 Are you satisfied with the local government functioning & support in

your locality?

Section II. Impact of Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. India Pvt. Ltd industry activities




Key

5= strongly agree

4= agree

3= moderately agree

2= disagree

1= strongly disagree

Sr no. Items Response

1 Do you think dust due to Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry is

impacting your locality?

2 Do you think noise due to Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry is

impacting in any manner you could make out?

3 Do you think due to Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry

transport/traffic has any impact?

4 Do you think due to Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry physical

health will be impacted?

5 Do you think due to Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry mental

health will be impacted?

6 Do you think community environment due to Ambernath Organics

Pvt. Ltd. industry is negatively impacting?

7 Do you think sources of livelihood due to Ambernath Organics Pvt.

Ltd. industry will be impacted?

8 Do you think Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry is negatively

impacting development of your locality?

9 Do you think Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry is impacting

farming/agriculture of your locality?


trees/plants/forest of your locality?

11 Do you think Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry is impacting air

quality of your locality?




Section III. Attitude towards Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd.

Instructions: Below are some statements and questions which intend to explore your opinion

about the industries in your locality. A key is provided to you from strongly agree to strongly

disagree with the statements and questions; you have to writing a number for your opinion

according to the key below.

Key

1= strongly agree

2= agree

3= moderately agree

4= disagree

5= strongly disagree

Sr.

no

Statements and questions (items) Response

1 Are you aware of the Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry in your locality?

2 Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry is a necessary activity for

development.

3 Do you believe that in general Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry always

have a negative impact on the environment?

4* Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry have a negative impact on children.

5* Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry have a negative impact on women.

6* Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry have a negative impact on elderly

population.

7 Utilization of the natural resources should be balanced according to

development requirements or vice-versa.


water consumption of your locality?

13 Do you think Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry like boiler, etc

impacts the locality?




8 Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry must be restricted to certain period in

the year.

9 Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry must be restricted to certain time in

the day.

10 Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry generate employment to the local

population.

11* The owners are coercive and problematic.

12 Do you think that the Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry owners must be

following rules and regulations?

13* Migrated laborers are a problem to the locality.

14 Do you believe that in general there are some socio-economic benefits from

Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd. industry

Scoring system and interpretation:

Sum all the responses given by the informant to obtain a single raw score for each

section i.e. one and two independently. For third section first reverse score the seven items

indicated by an astrik (*) then sum all scores. Higher the score on satisfaction for public

resources indicate satisfaction, high score on impact of Ambernath Organics Pvt. Ltd.

industry indicate low impact and high score on attitude towards Ambernath Organics Pvt.

Ltd. indicate negative attitude respectively. Compute mean and standard deviation, if

required compute other statistical procedures. Further, individual cases and group data may

be interpreted on the basis of these computations.

Table for calculation:

section Area Score of item Total Mean SD

I Accessibility of public

resources & its

satisfaction

1+2+3+4+5

II Impact of Ambernath

Organics Pvt. Ltd.

activities

1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13

III Attitude towards

Ambernath Organics Pvt.

Ltd.

1+2+3+4*+5*+6*+7+8+9+10+11*+12+13*+14

(*)=reverse score these items

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