SubmissionbytheFederalDemocraticRepublicofEthiopiaonbehalfoftheLeastDevelopedCountriesGrouponAgendaitem6,GlobalStocktake

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------EthiopiaonbehalfoftheLeastDevelopedCountriesGroup(LDCGroup)presentsthissubmissioninordertoadvancethediscussionsundertheAPAonAgendaitem6relatingtoArticle14oftheParisAgreement,knownastheGlobalStocktake.

Wethank theCo-Facilitators forpreparing the informalnote, includingsomeusefulguidance.Oursubmission is responding to thequestionsand thematic issuesposed in theReportof theAdHocWorkingGroupontheParisAgreementonthesecondpartofitsfirstsession

Linkagesandcontext:

(a)HowtounderstandandassesscollectiveprogresstowardsachievingthepurposeoftheParisAgreement and its long-term goals? Howwill this be done in a comprehensive and facilitativemannerconsideringmitigation,adaptationandmeansofimplementationandsupport,andinthelightofequityandthebestavailablescience?

LDCsbelievethat:

As set out in Article 14, the global stocktake (GST)must take stock of implementation to assesscollectiveprogresstowardsachievingthepurposeoftheParisAgreement,assetoutinArticle2,anditslongtermgoals.

To gain a clear picture of collective progress towards implementation, the GSTmust be broad inscope/take a holistic approach, encompassing all elements of the Paris Agreement. Therefore, allprovisionsoftheParisAgreementmustbeincluded.

TheresultsoftheGSTshallinformPartiesoftheneedsandopportunitiessoastorepresentaprogressovertime,asdefinedinArticle2andtoenhancetheirambitioninthecontextofArticle4.11andtoenhancetheeffortsofPartiestoimprovetheircontributiontotheParisAgreementinitsentirety.

In accordance with Article 14, the focus should be on taking stock of implementation to assesscollectiveprogresstowardsachievingtheoverallpurposeofParisAgreementasdefinedinArticle2.Therefore,itshouldaimtoenhanceactiontowards:

• ImplementingoftheConvention,includingitsobjectives• Achievingthetemperaturegoal• Addressingimpactsandresilience-adaptationandlossanddamage• Buildingtowardslow-GHGemissionsdevelopment• Enhancingfinancialsupporttomeettheneedsofdevelopingcountries,• Strengtheningcapacitybuilding,technologydevelopmentandtransfer,education,training,public

participationandpublicaccesstoinformation

TheGSTshouldbe implementedtoreflectequity,andtheprincipleofcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibility and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances. TheGSTshouldproviderelevantinformationtodeterminewhethereffortstoimplementtheParisAgreementareambitiousandfair,reflectingthegreatercapacityandresponsibilityofmanycountries.

TheGSTshouldbepivotaltoolinachievingthelongtermgoalsoftheParisAgreement.Suchgoalsinclude:

• Thetemperaturegoal(Article2)andArticle4.1• Achieving a collectivemobilisation goal in relation to climate finance as reflected in decision

1/CP21• Fullyrealisingtechnologydevelopmentandtransfer(A10.1)

• TheadaptationgoalinArticle7.1• Averting,minimizingandaddressinglossanddamage(Article8.1)

Principles/contextfortheGST:

TheprinciplesoftheGSTshouldreflecttheoverallprinciplesoftheAgreement.Assuchitmustbe:

• doneinacomprehensiveandfacilitativemanneraswellasinlightofequityandbestavailablescience;

• Partydriven;• Transparent;• doneinabalancedandholisticmanner;• abletogiveaclearandaccuratepictureofcollectiveprogress;and• EnsuringgenderbalanceinallfunctionalelementsoftheParisAgreement.

Workmethod

Withrespecttoadvancingnegotiations,workingunderAgenda item6shouldbecoordinatedwithotheragenda itemsgivenGSTwill tie themall together. It shouldseekopportunities forcoherentdiscussions, synchronising theworkacross interlinkedareas. Thiswould include coordinationwithtransparencyandcompliancediscussions,aswellasNDCsandadaptationcommunications.

Toadvancethiswork,itwouldbeusefultoholdapre-sessionworkshopbeforethe2018MaysessionoftheSubsidiaryBodiesasameansoffacilitatingdiscussionontextualproposalsthatlinkwithotherworkundertheAPA.

(b)HowtoincreaseunderstandingofthelinkagesbetweenArticle14andotherarticlesoftheParisAgreement,whicharedirectlyorindirectlylinkedtotheglobalstocktake(GST)?

LDCsbelievethattheGSTisareviewofallelementsoftheParisAgreement.Therefore,theGSTshouldbeanassessmentoftheactionelementsinallprovisionsoftheAgreement.TheGSTshouldthereforetakestockofeachoftheseactions.

(c)How to capture information relevant for assessing collective progress towards achieving thepurpose of the Paris Agreement and its long-term goals from different sources of input in acomprehensive,manageable,andbalancedmanneramongallelements,includingbutnotlimitedto,adaptation,mitigation,andmeansofimplementationandsupport?

Asindicatedbyparagraph99of1/CP.21sourcesofinputinclude:

• TheoveralleffectofNDCs,includingmobilisationandprovisionofsupport.• ThelatestreportsoftheIPCC• ReportsoftheSubsidiaryBodies

Otherssourcesofinputshouldinclude:

• inputsfromTechnicalERandmultilateralconsiderationofprogressunderPA• nationalcommunicationsundertheConvention• biennialreportsofParties• reportsfromUNbodies(e.g.UNEPgapreports)• informationfromregionalgroupsandinstitutions• informationfromcivilsocietyagencies

• reports from constituted bodies under the Convention and the Paris Agreement, such as theAdaptation Committee, the CTCN, the Warsaw Mechanism on Loss and Damage, the LeastDevelopedCountryExpertGroup,etc.

• SynthesisreportbySecretariatonaggregateeffectofNDCsundertakenafterthereviewin2019

LDCs consider that sources of input are distinct from the inputs themselves. A range of inputs(informationfromthesources)willbeprovidedfromthesourcesidentifiedandthesewillevolveovertime with the Agreement. The holistic nature of GST means the scope of inputs should not beconstrainedandadurablestructureshouldbedevelopedthatisbroadandfluidenoughtogiveatrueassessmentofcollectiveprogress

CapturingofInformation:

LDCsbelievethatacommonformattocapturetheinformationisrequired.Thiswillbebasedonallelementsof theAgreement.Theguidance for reporting shouldbe robustand fit-for-purposewithoutputsbasedongood,reliable,complete,comparabledata.

(d)WhatmodalitieswillensurethattheGSTwillbefacilitative,openandinclusivebutalsoefficientandeffective?Howwilltheinformationthatisreportedandcommunicatedbeprocessed?

ThemodalitiesforcarryingouttheGSTwillgothroughaseriesofphases:

1.CallforInputs

ThereshouldbeageneralcallforinputsfromParties,constitutedbodiesundertheConventionandtheParisAgreement,UNAgencies,IPCCandotherscientificbodiesandcivilsocietyorganisation

2.Compilationandsynthesis

• TheinformationshouldbecollatedbytheSecretariatintoanagreedformat.• TheSecretariatshouldbeinvitedtoundertakeasynthesisoftheinformation

3.Technicalreview

• Atechnicalreviewcommitteeshouldbeestablishedtoreviewtheinformation• TheCMAshouldconductatechnicalexpertmeetingtoreviewtheinformationprovidedandto

makerecommendationsforappropriateresponses

4.FacilitativeProgression

Once all the inputs have been reviewed, the CMA should establish a high level process tomakerecommendationstofurtherenhanceactionundertheAgreement.

(e)HowwilltheCMAbeassistedinconductingtheGST?WhatbodiesandprocessesarelinkedtotheGSTandinwhatway?

TheCMAwill oversee theoverall conduct of theGST.As such itwill formally call for inputs fromidentifiedsourcesinsideandoutsidetheUNFCCCtoassistitbyinformingtheGST.

(f)WhatcouldbethemostappropriatetimelinefortheGST?Whatcouldbeitsphasesandstreams,ifany?

As indicated inArticle14.2, the firstGSTwillbeundertaken in2023andevery5years thereafter,unlessotherwisedecided.ThetimelineofphasesforthefirstGSTshouldinclude:

1. CallforinputsatCOP22,withadeadlineforthecommunicationofinputsbySeptember20232. CompilationandsynthesisofinputsbytheSecretariataheadoftheCMAsessionin2023

3. TechnicalreviewduringtheCMAsessionin20234. FacilitativeprogressionthroughahighlevelprocessduringtheCMAsessionin2023

(g)HowtoensurethattheoutcomeoftheGSTwouldinformPartiesinenhancing,inanationallydeterminedmanner, theiractionsandsupport inaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheParisAgreement,aswellasinenhancinginternationalcooperationforclimateaction?

LDCsbelievethatexperiencefromtheStructuredExpertDialoguescanbeimproveduponandprovideabasisforhowtheGSTcouldbeconducted,notingthatadjustmentswillberequiredgiventheGST’sfocusonimplementation.

LDCsbelievethattheoutcomesofGSTshould:

• Takestockofimplementationtoassesscollectiveaction;• beanevaluationagainstequityandbestavailablescience,inabalancedmanner• identifyopportunitiesofenhancingcooperation;• indicatewhethercollectiveactionsareontracktoimplementtheParisAgreementtoachievethe

purposeoftheAgreementanditslongtermgoals;• identifygapsintermsofactionandsupport;• encouragepartiestoraiseambitioninallareaswithenhancedNDCs;and• becommunicatedinaclearandstraightforwardwaywhichmakestakingactiontofillanygaps

identifiedundertheglobalstocktakeeasier.

(h)Whatinformationwillsupportthisoutcome?

LDCsbelievethattheinformationgainedfromtheinputsfromvariousstakeholdersasindicatedaboveshall provide the necessary information. It is important that the reporting framework covers allelementsoftheParisAgreement.